2020年下半年英语六级答案(卷二完整版)

2020年英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套)

英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in thevirtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spe nd more and more time in thevirtual world instead of interacting in the real w orld. You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 words Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The man's switch to a new career.D) The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation.C) Competitive products.D) Effective promotion.3. A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents.C) Innovate constantly.D) Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy.B) Unforeseen difficulties.C) Conflicts within the company.D) Imitation by one's competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The job of an interpreter.B) The stress felt by professionals.C) The importance of language proficiency.D) The best way to effective communication.6. A) Promising.B) Admirable.C) Rewarding.D) Meaningful.7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.B) They all have professional qualifications.C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress..Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each pa ssage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questio ns will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the b est answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the cor responding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre. Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It might affect mothers' health.B) It might disturb infants' sleep.C) It might increase the risk of infants, death.D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.10. A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health.D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mother s.11. A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies'.B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.D) T ake precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.B) The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.D) More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.13. A) To set up more language schools.B) To document endangered languages.C) To educate native American children.D) To revitalise America's native languages.14. A) The US govemment's policy of Americanising Indian children.B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C) The US government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.15. A) It is being utilised to teach native languages.B) It tells traditional stories during family time.C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.D) It is widely used in language immersion schools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by threeor four questions. The recordings will be played only once. A fter you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choic es marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sh eet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for wo rk.B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.C) It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.17. A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.D) Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18. A) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsi dies.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) They measured the depths of sea water.B) They analyzed the water content.C) They explored the ocean floor.D) They investigated the ice.20. A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21. A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's fresh water.B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.22. A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.B) There is no easy way to understand it.C) It will advance nuclear technology.D) There is no easy technological solution to it.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 23. A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-contro l.B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.C) The health problems of children raised by a single parent.D) The deciding factor in children's academic performance.24. A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.B) Self-control can improve one's financial situation.C) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.D) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requiredto select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26__________ : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot. Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27__________ of computational power and engineering advances will 28__________ enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29__________ use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation. But there are 30__________ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器) operator will 31__________ someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32__________ of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33__________ and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34__________ space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35__________ and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record, not the passenger's.A. arisesB. ascendsC. boundD. combinationE. definiteF. eventuallyG. interfereH. invadeI. manifestingJ. penaltiesK. preservingL. programmedM. proximatelyN. victimsO. widespreadSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the pa ragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You m ay choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a lette r. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.Reform and Medical Costs[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer isthat no one has an easy fix for rising medic al costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how careis delivered and how doct ors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achievedonly thr ough trial and error and incremental (渐进的）gains.[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approve d by the SenateFinance Committee would implement or test many reforms t hat should help slow the rise inmedical costs over the long term. As a report i n The New England Journal of Medicine concluded,"Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures."[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, ispropelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical servi ces in this country and thevolume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lotmore tests and treatments than a pa tient really needs.[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills t o try to address those problems, and why it is hard to know how well they wil l work.[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals,nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savingsroutinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medi care more than $100 billion over the next decade. Ifprivate plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to letproviders shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics sayCongr ess will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook That is f ar less likelyto happen if Congress also adopts strong upaygo” rules requiring that any increase inpayments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税）on health insurance plans thatcost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely causeinsurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pay moremoney for many ser vices out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to thinktwice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists pro ject thatmost employers would shift money from expensive health benefits in to wages. The House billhas no similar tax. The final legislation should. [G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients whohave tried to understand their own parade of statements, kn ow that simplification ought tosave money. When the health insurance indus try was still cooperating in reform efforts, itstrade group offered to provide st andardized forms for automated processing. It estimated thatstep would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law.[H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medicalsystem to electronic records that can be easily viewed and tran smitted. This requires openinvestments to help doctors convert. In time it sh ould help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug inte ractions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rew arded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a pr imary reason that the cost ofcare is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments tocare for a particular illness or for a patient's needs over a year. No one knows how to makethat happen quickly . The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. Theyincl ude such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a pati ent's needswith an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease manag ement to make sure theseriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all he alth care costs, are treated properly. Forthe most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identifie d and expandedand the bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create a n independent commission tomonitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare's payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms t hat work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as awhole by C ongress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to the ir will.[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which smallbusinesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standa rd benefit packages that would be easy tocompare. To get access to millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exch ange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentiv e to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or dema nding better deals from providers.[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to thefierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican criti cs, it might not save muchmoney. The one in the House bill would have to ne gotiate rates with providers, rather thanusing Medicare rates, as many reform ers wanted.[M] The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to com pare how wellvarious treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful moni toring best for prostate (前列腺)cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any bet ter than its commoncompetitors? The pending bills would spend additional m oney to accelerate this effort.[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of car e.(That would betrue only if you believed that patients should have an unrestr ained right to treatments provento be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not r equire, as they should, that the results of thesestudies be used to set payme nt rates in Medicare.[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatmentsproven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might b e the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come do wn through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human servic es to negotiatedrug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative an alysts doubt that the secretarywould get better deals than private insurers alr eady get. We believe negotiation could work. Itdoes in other countries. [Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice cos ts. Malpracticeawards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-ris k specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatmentsprimarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2020-2021年大学英语六级考试第2套真题及答案

2020-2021年⼤学英语六级考试第2套真题及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________________Part Ⅰ WritingThe Importance of Mutual Understanding and Respect in Interpersonal RelationshipsFor college students, a harmonious interpersonal relationship, especially among classmates, can guarantee their healthy growth and development. And as for me, mutual understanding and respect is the key to building this harmony.For one thing, college students come from all over the country and they all have their own way of life and customs, so when having conflicts with each other, only mutual understanding and respect can make both sides reach an agreement. If they can reach a consensus, it will be good for them to maintain long-term friendly relations. For another thing, mutual understanding and respect can make students more willing to learn from their teachers and classmates, thus making them study more efficiently, which is conducive to creating a harmonious learning atmosphere for classes.In conclusion, mutual understanding and respect is the basis of good interpersonal relationships. Just as the saying goes, if you want to win the respect of others, you first need to respect others. Therefore, whenever you disagree with others, try to put yourself in their shoes and be more tolerant and understanding.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany's.B) Why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C) Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D) Why so many girls adored崇拜Audrey Hepburn奥黛丽赫本.2. A) Her unique personality.B) Her physical condition.C) Her shift of interest to performing arts.D) Her family's suspension of financial aid.3. A) She was not an outgoing外向的、活泼的person.B) She was modest and hardworking.C) She was easy-going on the whole.D) She was usually not very optimistic.4. A) She was influenced by the roles she played in the films.B) Her parents taught her to sympathize with the needy.C) She learned to volunteer when she was a child.D) Her family benefited from other people's help.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Give a presentation.B) Raise some questions.C) Start a new company.D) Attend a board meeting.6. A) It will cut production costs.B) It will raise productivity.C) No staff will be dismissed解雇、开除、解散.D) No new staff will be hired.7. A) The timeline of restructuring.B) The reasons for restructuring重组、改制、调整.C) The communication channels.D) The company's new missions.8. A) By consulting their own department managers.B) By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C) By exploring various channels of communication.D) By visiting the company's own computer network.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B) It has animals to help passengers carry their luggage.C) It uses therapy治疗、疗法animals to soothe安慰、安抚nervous passengers.D) It allows passengers to have animals travel with them.10. A) Avoiding possible dangers.B) Finding their way around.C) Identifying drug smugglers.D) Looking after sick passengers.11. A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B) Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C) Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D) Bring their pet animals on board their plane.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.13. A) A number of different images.B) A number of mythological heroes.C) Various musical instruments.D) Paintings by famous French artists.14. A) The originality and expertise shown.B) The stunning images vividly depicted.C) The worldly sophistication displayed.D) The impressive skills and costly dyes.15. A) His artistic taste is superb.B) His identity remains unclearC) He was a collector of antiques.D) He was a rich Italian merchant.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They encourage international cooperation.B) They lay stress on basic scientific research.C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D) They favour scientists from its member countries.17. A) Many of them wish to win international recognition.B) They believe that more hands will make light work.C) They want to follow closely the international trend.D) Many of their projects have become complicated.18. A) It requires mathematicians to work independently.B) It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C) It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D) It calls for more research funding to catch up.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B) Scientists discovered water on Venus⾦星、维纳斯.C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle.20 A) It resembles相似、类似于Earth in many aspects.B) It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C) It is a paradise of romance for alien life.D) It undergoes geological changes like Earth.21. A) It might have been hotter than it is today.B) It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C) It used to have more water than Earth.D) It used to be covered with rainforests.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Causes of sleeplessness.B) Cross-cultural communication.C) Cultural psychology⼈⽂⼼理，⽂化⼼理学.D) Motivation and positive feelings.23. A) They attach great importance to sleep.B) They often have trouble falling asleep.C) They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.D) They generally sleep longer than East Asians.24. A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.B) By observing people's sleep patterns in labs.C) By having people wear motion意向、动作、打⼿势-detecting发现、调查、察觉watches.D) By videotaping people's daily sleeping processes.25. A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B) It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.C) It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D) It has attracted attention all over the world.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The dream of personalised个⼈化的、个性化的fight is still vivid⽣动的、鲜明的、形象的in the minds of many inventors发明家、发明者, some developing cycle-powered 循环电⼒、电能循环craft⼯艺、⼿艺、太空船, others _I_26pouring倾注、倾泻__ money into jetpacks (喷⽓飞⾏背包). However, the flying car has always remained the _O_27 ultimate最后的、最终的、极限的、根本的__ symbol象征、符号、标志of personal transport freedom.Several companies around the world have produced _J_28prototypes 原型、雏形__ that can drive on roads and fly. Airbus空中巴⼠has a futuristic未来主义的modular (组件式的) concept involving a passenger capsule that can be _B_29detached单独的、拆卸的__ from theroad-going chassis (底盘) and picked up by a helicopter直升机-type machine.But all these concepts are massively⼤量的、沉重的expensive, require safety certification standards for road and air, need _C_30dual 双的、双重的__ controls, involve complex folding折叠wings翅膀、展翼and propellers推进器、螺旋桨, and have to be flown from air-strips. So they are likely to remain rich people's playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses群众、⼤众.“A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another _K_31random任意的、随机的__ street is unlikely to happen, ”says Prof. Gray, a leading aeronautical航空的engineer. "Sky taxis are much more likely." But that won't stop inventors from dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes _H_32outrageous太离谱的、不可能的__ schemes⽅案、设计.。

2020年9月六级真题(第2套)

2020年9月六级真题（第2套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying Wealth of the mind is the only true wealth. You should write at least words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) 说明：由于2020年9月六级考试全国共考了1套听力，本套真题听力与第1套内容完全一样,只是顺序不一样,因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part in Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throughcarefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.It was perhaps when my parents—who also happen to be my housemates—left to go travelling for a couple of months recently that it 26 on me why I had not yet left the family home.It wasn't that I relied on them for 27 reasons, or to keep my life in order, or to ease the chaos of the home. These days, I rely on them for their company.I missed coming home and talking about my day at work, and I missed being able to read their faces and sense how their day was. I missed having unique 28 into tiny details that make a life.While the conversation about young adults staying longer at home is 29 by talk of laziness, of dependence, of an inability for young people to pull themselves together, 30 do we talk of the way, in my case at least, my relationship with my parents has 31 strengthened the longer we have lived together.Over the years the power dynamic has changed and is no longer defined by one being the giver and another, the taker. So, what does this say for our relationships within the family home?According to psychologist Sabina Read, there are some very positive possible 32 when adult children share the family home “，noting the 44 parent-child relationship may indeed strengthen and mature” in the process.But, she notes, a strong 33 doesn't simply come with time. "The many changing factors of the relationship need to be acknowledged, rather than hoping that the mere passage of time will 34 connect parents to their adult children. It's important to acknowledge that the relationship parameters 2020. 9 / 1 (第2 套)Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theivformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by nui/rking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Telemedicine Is Transforming HealthcareA)After years of big promises, telemedicine is finally living up to its potential. Driven by faster internetconnections, ubiquitous (无处不在的)smartphones and changing insurance standards, more health providers are turning to electronic communications to do their jobs—and it's dramatically changing the delivery of healthcare.B)Doctors are linking up with patients by phone, email and webcam(网络摄像头).TheyYe also consultingwith each other electronically—sometimes to make split-second decisions on heart attacks and strokes.Patients, meanwhile, are using new devices to relay their blood pressure, heart rate and other vital signs to their doctors so they can manage chronic conditions at home. Telemedicine also allows for better care in places where medical expertise is hard to come by. Five to 10 times a day, Doctors Without Borders relays questions about tough cases from its physicians in Niger, South Sudan and elsewhere to its network of 280 experts around the world, and back again via internet.C)As a measure of how rapidly telemedicine is spreading, consider: More than 15 million Americans receivedsome kind of medical care remotely last year, according to the American Telemedicine Association, a trade group, which expects those numbers to grow by 30% this year.D)None of this is to say that telemedicine has found its way into all comers of medicine. A recent survey of 500tech-savvy (精通技术的)consumers found that 39% hadn't heard of telemedicine, and of those who haven't used it, 42% said they preferred in-person doctor visits. In a poll of 1 500 fanuly physicians, only 15% had used it in their practices—but 90% said they would if it were appropriately reimbursed (补偿).E)Whafs more, for all the rapid growth, significant questions and challenges remain. Rules defining andregulating telemedicine differ widely from state to state. Physicians groups are issuing different guidelines about what care they consider appropriate to deliver and in what form.F)Some critics also question whether the quality of care is keeping up with the rapid expansion of telemedicine.And there's the question of what services physicians should be paid for- Insurance coverage varies from health plan to health plan, and a big federal plan covers only a narrow range of services. Telemedicine^ future will depend on how—and whether—regulators, providers, payers and patients can address these challenges.Here's a closer look at some of these issues:G） Do patients trade quality for convenience? The fastest-growing services in telemedicine connect consumers2020.9/ 2 (第2 套丄with clinicians theyVe never met for a phone, video or email visit—on-demand, 24/7. Typically, these are for nonemergency issues such as colds, flu, ear-aches and skin rashes, and they cost around $45, compared with approximately $100 at a doctor's office, $160 at an urgent- care clinic or $750 and up at an emergency room.H） Many health plans and employers have rushed to offer the services and promote them as a convenient way for plan members to get medical care without leaving home or work. Nearly three- quarters of large employers will offer virtual doctor visits as a benefit to employees this year, up from 48% last year. Web companies such as Teladoc and American Well are expected to host some 1.2 million such virtual doctor visits this year, up 20% from last year, according to the American Telemedicine Association.I） But critics worry that such services may be sacrificing quality for convenience. Consulting a random doctor patients will never meet, they say, further fragments the health-care system, and even minor issues such as upper respiratory（上呼吸道的）infections can't be thoroughly evaluated by a doctor who can't listen to your heart or feel your swollen glands. In a recent study, researchers posing as patients with skin problems sought help from 16 telemedicine sites—with unsettling results. In 62 encounters, fewer than one-third disclosed clinicians,credential or let patients choose ；only 32% discussed potential side effects of prescribed medications. Several sites misdiagnosed serious conditions, largely because they failed to ask basic follow-up questions, the researchers said. w Telemedicine holds enormous promise, but these sites are just not ready for prime time," says Jack Resneck, the stud/s lead author.J） The American Teleme祖cine Association and other organizations have started accreditation （鉴定）programs to identify top-quality telemedicine sites. The American Medical Association this month approved new ethical guidelines for telemedicine, calling for participating doctors to recognize the limitations of such services and ensure that they have sufficient information to make clinical recommendations.K） Who pays for the services? While employers and health plans have been eager to cover virtual urgent- care visits, insurers have been far less willing to pay for telemedicine when doctors use phone, email or video to consult with existing patients about continuing issues. "It's very hard to get paid unless you physically see the patient,” says Peter Rasmussen, medical director of distance health at the Cleveland Clinic. Some 32 states have passed “parity”（等同的）laws requiring private insurers to reimburse doctors for services delivered remotely if the same service would be covered in person, though not necessarily at the same rate or frequency. Medicare lags further behind. The federal health plan for the elderly covers a small number of telemedicine services—only for beneficiaries in rural areas and only when the services are received in a hospital, doctors office or clinic.L）B ills to expand Medicare coverage of telemedicine have bipartisan（两党的）support in Congress.Opponents wony that such expansion would be costly for taxpayers, but advocates say it would save money in the long run.M）E xperts say more hospitals are likely to invest in telemedicine systems as they move away from fee- for-service payments and into managed-care-type contracts that give them a set fee to provide care for patients and allow them to keep any savings they achieve.N）I s the state-by-state regulatory system outdated? Historically, regulation of medicine has been left to2020.9/ 3 （第2套）individual states. But some industry members contend that having 50 different sets of rules, licensing fees and even definitions of “medical practice M makes less sense in the era of telemedicine and is hampering its growth. Currently, doctors must have a valid license in the state where the patient is located to provide medical care, which means virtual-visit companies can match users only with locally licensed clinicians. It also causes administrative hassles (麻烦)for world-class medical centers that attract patients from across the country. At the Mayo Clinic, doctors who treat out-of- state patients can follow up with them via phone, email or web chats when they return home, but they can only discuss the conditions they treated in person." If the patient wants to talk about a new problem, the doctor has to be licensed in that state to discuss it. If not, the patient should talk to his primary-care physician about it," says Steve Ommen, who runs Mayo's Connected Care program.O) To date, 17 states have joined a compact that will allow a doctor licensed in one member state to quickly obtain a license in another. While welcoming the move, some telemedicine advocates would prefer states to automatically honor one another's licenses, as they do with drivers' licenses. But states aren't likely to surrender control of medical practice, and most are considering new regulations. This year, more than 200 telemedicine-related bills have been introduced in 42 states, many regarding what services Medicaid will cover and whether payers should reimburse for remote patient monitoring. "A lot of states are still trying to define telemedicine,M says Lisa Robbin, chief advocacy officer for the Federation of State Medical Boards.36.An overwhelming majority of family physicians are willing to use telemedicine if they are duly paid.37.Many employers are eager to provide telemedicine service as a benefit to their employees because of itsconvenience.38.Different states have markedly different regulations for telemedicine.39.With telemedicine, patients in regions short of professional medical service are able to receive bettermedical care.40.Unlike employers and health plans, insurers have been rather reluctant to pay for some telemedicineservices.41.Some supporters of telemedicine hope states will accept each othefs medical practice licenses as valid.42.The fastest growing area for telemedicine services is for lesser health problems.43.As telemedicine spreads quickly, some of its opponents doubt whether its service quality can be guaranteed.44.The results obtained by researchers who pretended to be patients seeking help from telemedicine providersare disturbing.45.Some people argue that the fact that different states have different regulations concerning medical serviceshinders the development of telemedicine.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Danielle Steel, the 71-year-old romance novelist is notoriously productive, having published 1792020.9/ 4(第2 套)books at a rate of up to seven a year. But a passing reference in a recent profile by Glamour magazine to her20-hour workdays prompted an outpouring of admiration.Steel has given that 20-hour figure when describing her “exhausting" process in the past： "I start the book and don't leave my desk until the first draft is finished. " She goes from bed, to desk, to bath, to bed, avoiding all contact aside from phone calls with her nine children. 4<I don't comb my hair for weeks," she says. Meals are brought to her desk, where she types until her fingers swell and her nails bleed.The business news website Quartz held Steel up as an inspiration, writing that if only we all followed her " actually extremely liberating" example of industrious sleeplessness, we would be quick to see results.Well, indeed. With research results showing the cumulative effects of sleep loss and its impact on productivity, doubt has been voiced about the accuracy of SteeFs self-assessment. Her output may be undeniable, but sceptics have suggested that she is guilty of erasing the role of ghostwriters (代笔人)at worst, gross exaggeration at best.Steel says working 20 hours a day is pretty brutal physically. " But is it even possible? " No ,n says Maiyanne Taylor of the Sleep Works. While you could work that long, the impact on productivity would make it hardly worthwhile. If Steel was routinely sleeping for four hours a night, she would be drastically underestimating the negative impact, says Alison Gardiner, founder of the sleep improvement programme Sleepstation. "It's akin to being drunk. “It's possible that Steel is exaggerating the demands of her schedule. Self-imposed sleeplessness has M become a bit of a status symbol”，says Taylor, a misguided measure to prove how powerful and productive you are. Margaret Thatcher was also said to get by on four hours a night, while the 130-hour work weeks endured by tech heads has been held up as key to their success.That is starting to change with increased awareness of the importance of sleep for mental health. M People are starting to realise that sleep should not be something that you fit in between eveiything else/* says Taylor.But it is possible—if statistically extremely unlikely—that Steel could be bom a "short sleeper M with an unusual body clock, says sleep expert Dr. Sophie Bostock. "It's probably present in fewer than 1% of the population."Even if Steel does happen to be among that tiny minority, says Bostock, it's M pretty irresponsible M to suggest that 20-hour days are simply a question of discipline for the rest of us.46.What do we learn from the passage about Glamour magazine readers?A)They are intrigued by the exotic romance in Danielle SteeFs novels.B)They are amazed by the number of books written by Danielle Steel.C)They are deeply impressed by Danielle SteeFs daily work schedule.D)They are highly motivated by Danielle SteeFs unusual productivity.47.What did the business news website Quartz say about Danielle Steel?A)She could serve as an example of industriousness.B)She proved we could liberate ourselves from sleep.C)She could be an inspiration to novelists all over the world.D)She showed we could get all our work done without sleep.48.What do sceptics think of Danielle SteeFs work schedule claims?A)They are questionable. C) They are irresistible.B)They are alterable. D) They are verifiable.49.What does Maryanne Taylor think of self-imposed sleeplessness?A)It may turn out to be key to a successful career.B)It may be practiced only by certain tech heads.C)It may symbolise one's importance and success.D)It may well serve as a measure of self-discipline.2020.9/ 5(第2 套)50.How does Dr. Sophie Bostock look at the 20-hour daily work schedule?A)One should not adopt it without consulting a sleep expert.B)The general public should not be encouraged to follow it.C)One must be duly self-disciplined to adhere to it.D)The majority must adjust their body clock for it.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Organic agriculture is a relatively untapped resource for feeding the Earth's population, especially in the face of climate change and other global chaUenges. Thafs the conclusion I reached in reviewing 40 years of science comparing the long-term prospects of organic and conventional fanning.The review study, u Organic Agriculture in the 21st Century,,, is featured as the cover stoty for the February issue of the journal Nature Plants. It is the first to compare organic and conventional agriculture across the main goals of sustainability identified by the National Academy of Sciences: productivity, economics, and environment.Critics have long argued that organic agriculture is inefficient, requiring more land to yield the same amount of food. Ifs true that organic fanning produces lower yields, averaging 10 to 20 percent less than conventional. Advocates contend that the environmental advantages of organic agriculture far outweigh the lower yields, and that increasing research and breeding resources for organic systems would reduce the yield gap. Sometimes excluded from these arguments is the fact that we already produce enough food to more than feed the world's 7. 4 billion people but do not provide adequate access to all individualsIn some cases, organic yields can be higher than conventional. For example, in severe drought conditions, which are expected to increase with climate change in many areas, organic farms can produce as good, if not better, yields because of the higher water-holding capacity of organically farmed soils.What science does teU us is that mainstream conventional fanning systems have provided growing supplies of food and other products but often at the expense of other sustainability goalsConventional agriculture may produce more food, but it often comes at a cost to the environment. Biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, and severe impacts on ecosystem services have not only accompanied conventional fanning systems but have often extended weU beyond their field boundaries. With organic agriculture, environmental costs tend to be lower and the benefits greaterOverall, organic farms tend to store more soU carbon, have better soU quality, and reduce soil erosion compared to their conventional counterparts. Organic agriculture also creates less soil and water pollution and lower greenhouse gas emissions. And it's more energy-eScient because it doesn't rely on synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.Organic agriculture is also associated with greater biodiversity of plants, animals insects and microorganisms as weU as genetic diversity. Biodiversity increases the services that nature provides and improves the ability of farming systems to adapt to changing conditions.Despite lower yields, organic agriculture is more profitable for farmg K mianners because consumers are 2020. 9 / 6 (第2 套丄willing to pay more. Higher prices, called price premiums, can be justified as a way to compensate farmers for providing ecosystem services and avoiding environmental damage or external costs.51.What do we learn from the conclusion of the author's review study?A)More resources should be tapped for feeding the world's population.B)Organic farming may be exploited to solve the global food problem.C)The long-term prospects of organic farming are yet to be explored.D)Organic farming is at least as promising as conventional farming.52.What is the critics' argument against organic farming?A)It cannot meet the need for food. C) It is not really practical.B)It cannot increase farm yields. D) It is not that productive.53.What does the author think should be taken into account in arguing about organic farming?A)Growth in world population. C) Inequality in food distribution.B)Deterioration in soil fertility. D) Advance in farming technology.54.What does science tell us about conventional farming?A)It will not be able to meet global food demand.B)It is not conducive to sustainable development.C)It will eventually give way to organic farming.D)It is going mainstream throughout the world.55.Why does the author think higher prices of organic farm produce are justifiable?A)They give farmers going organic a big competitive edge.B)They motivate farmers to upgrade farming technology.C)Organic farming costs more than conventional farming.D)Organic farming does long-term good to the ecosystem.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.《水浒传》(Water Margin)是中国文学四大经典小说之一。

2020年9月大学英语六级考试真题试卷（2卷）

2020年9⽉⼤学英语六级考试真题试卷（2卷）2020年9⽉⼤学英语六级考试真题试卷(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying Wealth of the mind is the only true wealth. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part n Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)说明：由于2020年9⽉六级考试全国共考了⼀套听⼒,本套真题听⼒与前⼀套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同,因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part m Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.It was perhaps when my parents—who also happen to be my housemates—left to go travelling for a couple of months recently that it 26 on me why I had not yet left the family home.It wasn't that I relied on them for 27 reasons, or to keep my life in order, or to ease the chaos of the home. These days, I rely on them for their company.I missed coming home and talking about my day at work, and I missed being able to read their faces and sense how their day was. I missed having unique 28 into tiny details that make a life.While the conversation about young adults staying longer at home is 29 by talk of laziness, of dependence, of an inability for young people to pull themselves together, 30do we talk of the way, in my case at least, my relationship with my parents has 31 strengthened the longer we have lived together.Over the years the power dynamic has changed and is no longer defined by one being the giver and another, the taker. So, what does this say fbr our relationships within the family home?According to psychologist Sabina Read, there are 44some very positive possible 32 when adult children share the family home" , noting the*4 parent-child relationship may indeed strengthen and mature" in the process.But, she notes, a strong 33 doesn't simply come with time. "The many changingfactors of the relationship need to be acknowledged, rather than hoping that the mere passage of time will 34 connect parents to their adult children. Ifs important to acknowledge that the relationshipSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Telemedicine Is Transforming Healthcare[A]After years of big promises, telemedicine is finally living up to its potential. Driven by fasterinternet connections, ubiquitous(⽆处不在的)smartphones and changing insurance standards, more health providers are turning to electronic communications to do their jobs—and it's dramatically changing the delivery of healthcare.[B]Doctors are linking up with patients by phone, email and webcam(⽹络摄像头). They're alsoconsulting with each other electronically—sometimes to make split-second decisions on heart attacks and strokes. Patients,meanwhile, are using new devices to relay their blood pressure, heart rate and other vital signs to their doctors so they can manage chronic conditions at home.Telemedicine also allows for better care in places where medical expertise is hard to come by.Five to 10 times a day, Doctors Without Borders relays questions about tough cases from its physicians in Niger, South Sudan and elsewhere to its network of 280 experts around the world, and back again via the internet.[C]As a measure of how rapidly telemedicine is spreading, consider: More than 15 millionAmericans received some kind of medical care remotely last year, according to the A- merican Telemedicine Association, a trade group, which expects those numbers to grow by 30% this year.[D]None of this is to say that telemedicine has found its way into all comers of medicine. A recentsurvey of 500 tech-savvy(精通技术的)consumers found that 39% hadn't heard of telemedicine, and of those who haven't used it, 42% said they preferred in-person doctor visits. In a poll of 1,500 family physicians, only 15% had used it in their practices —but 90% said they would if it were appropriately reimbursed (补偿).[E]What's more, for all the rapid growth, significant questions and challenges remain. Rulesdefining and regulating telemedicine differ widely from state to state. Physicians groups are issuing different guidelines about what care they consider appropriate to de-liver and in what form.[F]Some critics also question whether the quality of care is keeping up with the rapid expansion oftelemedicine. And there*s the question of what services physicians should be paid for：Insurance coverage varies from health plan to health plan, and a big federal plan covers only a narrow range of services. Telemedicine*s future will depend on how—and whether—regulators, providers, payers and patients can address these challenges. Here's a closer look at some of these issues:[G]Do patients trade quality for convenience? The fastest-growing services in telemedicine connectconsumers with clinicians they've never met for a phone, video or email visit— on-demand,24/7. Typically, these are for nonemergency issues such as colds, flu, ear-aches and skin rashes, and they cost around $ 45, compared with approximately $ 100 at a doctor*s office, $ 160 at an urgent-care clinic or $ 750 and up at an emergency room.[H]Many health plans and employers have rushed to offer the services and promote them as aconvenient way for plan members to get medical care without leaving home or work. Nearly three-quarters of large employers will offer virtual doctor visits as a benefit to employees this year, up from 48% last year. Web companies such as Teladoc and A- merican Well are expected to host some 1.2 million such virtual doctor visits this year, up 20% from last year, according to the American Telemedicine Association.[I]But critics worry that such services may be sacrificing quality fbr convenience. Consulting arandom doctor patients will never meet, they say, further fragments the health-care system, and even minor issues such as upper respiratory（上呼吸道的）in_ fections can't be thoroughly evaluated by a doctor who can*t listen to your heart or feel your swollen glands. In a recent study, researchers posing as patients with skin problems sought help from 16 telemedicine sites—with unsettling results. In 62 encounters, fewer than one-third disclosed clinicians7 credential or let patients choose；only 32% discussed potential side effects of prescribed medications. Several sites misdiagnosed serious conditions, largely because they failed to ask basic follow-up questions, the researchers said. w Telemedicine holds enormous promise, but these sites are just not ready for prime time,M says Jack Resneck, the study *s lead author. [J]The American Telemedicine Association and other organizations have started accreditation （鉴定）programs to identify top-quality telemedicine sites. The American Medical Association this month approved new ethical guidelines for telemedicine, calling fbr participating doctors to recognize the limitations of such services and ensure that they have sufficient information to make clinical recommendations.[K]Who pays for the services? While employers and health plans have been eager to cover virtual urgent-care visits, insurers have been far less willing to pay for telemedicine when doctors use phone, email or video to consult with existing patients about continuing issues. "It's very hard to get paid unless you physically see the patient," says Peter Rasmussen, medical director of distance health at the Cleveland Clinic. Some 32 states have passed "parity”（等同的）laws requiring private insurers to reimburse doctors forservices delivered remotely if the same service would be covered in person, though not necessarily at the same rate or frequency. Medicare lags further behind. The federal health plan for the elderly covers a small number of telemedicine services—only for beneficiaries in rural areas and only when the services are received in a hospital, doctor's office or clinic.[L]Bills to expand Medicare coverage of telemedicine have bipartisan（两党的）support in Congress. Opponents worry that such expansion would be costly for taxpayers, but advocates say it would save money in the long run.[M]Experts say more hospitals are likely to invest in telemedicine systems as they move away from fee-fbr-service payments and into managed-care-type contracts that give them a set fee to provide care for patients and allow them to keep any savings they achieve.[N]Is the state-by-state regulatory system outdated? Historically, regulation of medicine has been left to individual states. But some industry members contend that having 50 different sets of rules, licensing fees and even definitions of "medical practice" makes less sense in the era of telemedicine and is hampering its growth. Currently, doctors must have a valid license in the state where the patient is located to provide medical care, which means virtual-visit companies can match users only with locally licensed clinicians. It also causes administrative hassles（⿇烦）for world-class medical centers that attract patients from across the country. At the Mayo Clinic, doctors who treat out-of- state patients can follow up with them via phone, email or web chats when they return home, but they can only discuss the conditions they treated in person. "If the patient wants to talk about a new problem, the doctor has to be licensed in that state to discuss it. If not, the patient should talk to his primary-care physician about it," says Steve Ommen, who runs Mayo's Connected Care program.[O]To date, 17 states have joined a compact that will allow a doctor licensed in one member state to quickly obtain a license in another. While welcoming the move, some telemedicine advocates would prefer states to automatically honor one another's licenses, as they do with drivers* licenses. But states aren't likely to surrender control of medical practice, and most are considering new regulations. This year, more than 200 telemedicine-related bills have been introduced in 42 states, many regarding what services Medicaid will cover and whether payers should reimburse for remote patient monitoring. M A lot of states are still trying to define telemedicine，'‘ says Lisa Robbin, chief advocacy officer for the Federation of State Medical Boards.36.An overwhelming majority of family physicians are willing to use telemedicine if they are dulypaid.37.Many employers are eager to provide telemedicine service as a benefit to their employeesbecause of its convenience.38.Different states have markedly different regulations for telemedicine.39.With telemedicine, patients in regions short of professional medical service are able to receivebetter medical care.40.Unlike employers and health plans, insurers have been rather reluctant to pay for some2020.9 第4页/共20页（第2套）telemedicine services.41.Some supporters of telemedicine hope states will accept each other's medical practice licenses asvalid.42.The fastest growing area for telemedicine services is for lesser health problems.43.As telemedicine spreads quickly, some of its opponents doubt whether its service quality can beguaranteed.44.The results obtained by researchers who pretended to be patients seeking help from telemedicineproviders are disturbing.45.Some people argue that the fact that different states have different regulations concerningmedical services hinders the development of telemedicine.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Danielle Steel, the 71-year-old romance novelist is notoriously productive, having published 179 books at a rate of up to seven a year. But a passing reference in a recent profile by Glamour magazine to her 20-hour workdays prompted an outpouring of admiration.Steel has given that 20-hour figure when describing her "exhausting" process in the past："I start the book and don't leave my desk until the first draft is finished.M She goes from bed, to desk, to bath, to bed, avoiding all contact aside from phone calls with her nine children. W I don't comb my hair for weeks," she says. Meals are brought to her desk, where she types until her fingers swell and her nails bleed.The business news website Quartz held Steel up as an inspiration, writing that if only we all followed her w actually extremely liberating M example of industrious sleeplessness, we would be quick to see results.Well, indeed. With research results showing the cumulative effects of sleep loss and its impact on productivity, doubt has been voiced about the accuracy of Steel's self-assessment. Her output may be undeniable, but sceptics have suggested that she is guilty of erasing the role of ghostwriters (代笔⼈)at worst, gross exaggeration at best.Steel says working 20 hours a day is u pretty brutal physically.M But is it even possible? "No," says Maryanne Taylor of the Sleep Works. While you could work that long, the impact on productivity would make it hardly worthwhile. If Steel was routinely sleeping for four hours a night, she would be drastically underestimating the negative impact, says Alison Gardiner, founder of the sleep improvement programme Sleepstation. "It's akin to being drunk."It's possible that Steel is exaggerating the demands of her schedule. Self-imposed sleeplessness has w become a bit of a status symbol" , says Taylor, a misguided measure to prove how powerful and productive you are. Margaret Thatcher was also said to get by on four hours a night, while the 130-hour work weeks endured by tech heads has been held up as key to their success.That is starting to change with increased awareness of the importance of sleep for mental health."People are starting to realise that sleep should not be something that you fit in between everything else，'‘ says Taylor. But it is possible—if statistically extremely unlikely—that Steel could be bom a "short sleeper" with an unusual body clock, says sleep expert Dr. Sophie Bostock. "It's probably present in fewer than 1% of the population.vEven if Steel does happen to be among that tiny minority, says Bostock, it's H pretty irre-sponsible M to suggest that 20-hour days are simply a question of discipline for the rest of us.46.What do we learn from the passage about Glamour magazine readers?A)They are intrigued by the exotic romance in Danielle SteeFs novels.B)They are amazed by the number of books written by Danielle Steel.C)They are deeply impressed by Danielle Steel's daily work schedule.D)They are highly motivated by Danielle SteeFs unusual productivity.47.What did the business news website Quartz say about Danielle Steel?A)She could serve as an example of industriousness.B)She proved we could liberate ourselves from sleep.C)She could be an inspiration to novelists all over the world.D)She showed we could get all our work done without sleep.48.What do sceptics think of Danielle Steel's work schedule claims?A)They are questionable. C) They are irresistible.B)They are alterable. D) They are verifiable.49.What does Maryanne Taylor think of self-imposed sleeplessness?A)It may turn out to be key to a successful career.B)It may be practiced only by certain tech heads.C)It may symbolise one*s importance and success.D)It may well serve as a measure of self-discipline.50.How does Dr. Sophie Bostock look at the 20-hour daily work schedule?A)One should not adopt it without consulting a sleep expert.B)The general public should not be encouraged to follow it.C)One must be duly self-disciplined to adhere to it.D)The majority must adjust their body clock for it.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Organic agriculture is a relatively untapped resource for feeding the Earth's population, especially in the face of climate change and other global challenges. That,s the conclusion I reached in reviewing 40 years of science comparing the long-term prospects of organic and conventional farming.The review study, u Organic Agriculture in the 21st Century,M is featured as the cover story for the February issue of the journal Nature Plants. It is the first to compare organic and conventional agriculture across the main goals of sustainability identified by the National Academy of Sciences: productivity, economics, and environment.Critics have long argued that organic agriculture is inefficient, requiring more land to yield the same amount of food. It's true that organic farming produces lower yields, averaging 10 to 20 percentless than conventional. Advocates contend that the environmental advantages of organic agriculture far outweigh the lower yields, and that increasing research and breeding resources for organic systems would reduce the yield gap. Sometimes excluded from these arguments is the fact that we already produce enough food to more than feed the world,s 7.4 billion people but do not provide adequate access to all individuals.In some cases, organic yields can be higher than conventional. For example, in severe drought conditions, which are expected to increase with climate change in many areas, organic farms can produce as good, if not better, yields because of the higher water-holding capacity of organically farmed soils.What science does tell us is that mainstream conventional farming systems have provided growing supplies of food and other products but often at the expense of other sustainability goals.Conventional agriculture may produce more food, but it often comes at a cost to the en-vironment. Biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, and severe impacts on ecosystem services have not only accompanied conventional farming systems but have often extended well beyond their field boundaries. With organic agriculture, environmental costs tend to be lower and the benefits greater.Overall, organic faims tend to store more soil carbon, have better soil quality, and reduce soil erosion compared to their conventional counterparts. Organic agriculture also creates less soil and water pollution and lower greenhouse gas emissions. And it's more energy-efficient because it doesn't rely on synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.Organic agriculture is also associated with greater biodiversity of plants, animals, insects and microorganisms as well as genetic diversity. Biodiversity increases the services that nature provides and improves the ability of farming systems to adapt to changing conditions.Despite lower yields, organic agriculture is more profitable for farmers because consumers are willing to pay more. Higher prices, called price premiums, can be justified as a way to compensate farmers for providing ecosystem services andavoiding environmental damage or external costs.51.What do we learn from the conclusion of the author's review study?A)More resources should be tapped fbr feeding the world*s population.B)Organic farming may be exploited to solve the global food problem.C)The long-teim prospects of organic farming are yet to be explored.D)Organic farming is at least as promising as conventional farming.52.What is the critics* argument against organic farming?A)It cannot meet the need for food. C)It is not really practical.B)It cannot increase farm yields. D)It is not that productive.53.What does the author think should be taken into account in arguing about organic farming?A) Growth in world population. C)Inequality in food distribution.B) Deterioration in soil fertility. D)Advance in farming technology.54.What does science tell us about conventional farming?A)It will not be able to meet global food demand.B)It is not conducive to sustainable development.C)It will eventuaDy give way to organic farming.D)It is going mainstream throughout the world.55.Why does the author think higher prices of organic farm produce are justifiable?A)They give farmers going organic a big competitive edge.B)They motivate farmers to upgrade farming technology.C)Organic farming costs more than conventional fanning.D)Organic farming does long-term good to the ecosystem.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.《⽔浒传》(Wder Margin)是中国⽂学四⼤经典⼩说之⼀。

2020 年 9 月英语六级考试真题答案(第二套)

2020年9月英语六级考试真题答案（第二套）【写作真题】PartⅠWriting (30minutes)Directions:Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the saying Beauty of the soul is the essential beauty. You should write at least150words but no more than200words.答案略【选词填空】26.D.hierarchy27.H.logistical28.E.insight29.M.saturated30.L.rarely31.O.undoubtedly32.J.outcomes33.A.bond34.l.magically35.K.patterns【信息匹配】Six Potential Brain Benefits of Bilingual Education36.H.段落第一句Do these same advantages benefit a child who begins learning a second language in kindergarten in-stead of as a baby?37.C段落第一句Traditional programs for English-language learners,38.J段落第一句About10percent of students in the Port-land,39.D段落第一句The trend flies in the face of some of the culture wars of two decades ago,40.M段落第一句American public school classrooms as a whole are becoming more segregated by race and class Du-al-language programs can be an exception.41.E段落第一句Some of the insistence on English-first was founded on research produced decades ago,42.B段落第一句Again and again,researchers have found, "bilingualism is an experience that shapes our brain for life,43.P段落第一句A review of studies published last year found that cognitive advantages failed to appear in83per-cent of published studies, 44.G段落第一句People who speak two languages often outperform monolinguals on general measures of executive function.45.N段落第一句Several of the researchers also pointed out that【仔细阅读】46-50(Public health)46.B People disagree as to who should do what.47.A Governments have a role to play.48.B They have not come up with anything more construc-tive.49.D To justify government intervention in solving the obesity problem.50.C When individuals have the incentive to act according-ly.51-55(The Coral Sea，proposal）51.A It is exceptionally rich in marine life.52.D Complete the series of marine reserves around its coast.53.A The government has not done enough for marine protection54.D lt is a tremendous joint effort to protect the range of marine habitats55.C It will protect regions that actually require little pro-tection【翻译《红楼梦》】《红楼梦》(Dream of the Red Chamber)是18世纪曹雪芹创作的一部小说。

2020年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及答案(第二套)

大学英语四级真题试题二(完整版)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 2 are based on the new report you have just heard.1.A) Annoyed. C) Confused.B)Scared. D) Offended.2. A) It crawled over the woman’s hands.B) It wound up on the steering wheel.C) It was killed by the police on the spot.D) It was covered with large scales.Questions 3 to 4 are based on the new report you have just heard.3. A) A study of the fast-food service.B) Fast food customer satisfaction.C) McDonald’s new business strategies.D) Competition in the fast-food industry.4. A) Customers' higher demands.B)The inefficiency of employees.C) Increased variety of products.D) The rising number of customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the new report you have just heard.5. A) International treaties regarding space travel programs.B)Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration.C)U. S. government’s approval of private space missions.D)Competition among public and private space companies.6. A) Deliver scientific equipment to the moon.B)Approve a new mission to travel into outer space.C)Work with federal agencies on space programs.D)Launch a manned spacecraft to Mars.7.A) It is significant.B)It is promising.C)It is unpredictable.D)It is unprofitable.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard。

2020年12月英语六级真题答案(完整版)

2020年12月英语六级真题答案（完整版）【作文部分】范文一：Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay aboutthe impact of information explosion by referring to the saying "a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention". You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you can do to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information? You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Happiness – Go for itIn this long journey we call "life", everybody is in pursuit of happiness and has their own interpretation of happiness. An inspiring idea is that happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them, which reveals the very truth about happiness. It cannot be achieved through waiting, but only through striving.There is no way that life always progresses as we wish. Problems may occur and we find ourselves in trouble, but it doesn't mean we are deprived of happiness. There are numerous examples for us to follow： disabled people overcoming obstacles, patients fighting against disease, poverty-stricken people achieving their dreams -- all these inspiring heroes. Their lives are definitely not problem-free, but they have found happiness by courageously solving problems.Therefore, it is essential to develop the ability to deal with problems. We need to muster our courage and confidenceto face the fact. Meanwhile, we need to find effective ways to cope with them.In a word, if we stay strong and approach problems effectively, there will be no storm in life that we cannot weather. And after the storm, happiness is within our reach.范文二：Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “the greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it.” You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to make your life more meaningful. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.How to Live a Meaning LifeAmong all the highlighted topics, there is “how to live a meaning life?” Everyone has his or her own opinion. As the saying has it, “the greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it.” I cannot agree any more.If our life is just to pursue something for ourselves, we will surely feel fruitless and meaningless when we grow old. From Steve Jobs’s bibliography, we can get that the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do. Steve Jobs has brought a great many changes to our world. His life, although short, definitely outlast. That’s a life worth living.Therefore, if there is a way to make my life meaningful, it should be to find something I’m interested in and also helpful to others or the whole society. Only in this way canI keep my passion throughout my life until I finally fulfilmy life.范文三：Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay aboutthe impact of information explosion by referring to the saying "a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention". You can cite examples to illustrateyour point and then explain what you can do to avoid being distracted by irrelevant information? You should write atleast 150 words but no more than 200 words.Ways to Get Over Information ExplosionAs a famous saying goes, “A wealth of informationcreates a poverty of attention”. Nowadays we are in the Information Age. Some people keep complaining aboutdistraction by the information explosion.Admittedly, the new information age has brought us somuch convenience that we are allowed to get enoughinformation just with a simple click sitting in front of the computers. Nevertheless, we are also confused, annoyed, distracted and upset by an incredibly large quantity of information. For example, when searching for something online, people are easily carried away by irrelevant information and forget their original plan. Besides, some information often turns out to be useless and actually advertisement. Therefore, it can be time-consuming and troublesome to searchinformation online.Then what we can do to avoid being distracted byirrelevant information? Here I have some useful tips：Firstly, make a list of what you really want before your searching. This will help you to refuse some appealing, yet irrelevant information. Secondly, find some trustful and professional sources or websites and then save and categorize them. In this case, you can easily leave some ads and useless information behind.【听力部分】1. D Their hard work has resulted in a big success.2. B Join a package tour to Mexico.3.B In case some problem should occur.4. C The man can try out the facilities before he becomesa member.5. A He is not fit to study science.6. C Pay for part of the picnic food.7. A A labor dispute at a bus company.8. D The payment for an order.9. B A hotel receptionist.10. A Appearance.11. C Offer the job to David Wallace.12 C He was admitted to university.13. B He became a professor of Mathematics.14. D Their work on very high frequency radio waves.15. D To teach at a university.16. A They have become a headache to the community.17. C To alert the deer.18. B They would endanger domestic animals.19. A She is a tourist guide.20. C It was used by the family to hold dinner parties.21. B It is very big, with only six slim legs.22. D They are uncomfortable to sit in for long.23. D It is the biggest crippler of young adults.24. A Hurry up and live life.25. B Adventurous.【选词填空部分】26. Legislation27. instruction28. efficient29. dropout30. motivation31. discipline32. contend33. in favor of34. at their disposal35. inferior to36 enthusiasm37 reward38 determine39 impact40 additional41 closely42 consistent43 suspending44 affect45 penalty【长篇阅读部分】46. G47. C48. H49. F50. A51. G52. D53. K54. I55. J【仔细阅读部分】56. C. They often have to seek job outside the academic circle.57. A. It should be improved to better suit the job market.58. C. An IDP be made in communication with an adviser.59. B. help employees make the best use of theirabilities to achieve their goals.60. A. It is the effective tool of self-awareness and introspection for better career plans.61. A.It still leaves much to be desired.62. B. Where women's rights are protected by law.63. D.They are underrepresented in politics.64. B. It does not guarantee a better life for thenation's women.65. D.Tap women's economic potential.【翻译部分】翻译一：Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The Mid-Autumn has become popular all over China in the Early Tang Dynasty. The Mid-Autumn Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the8th month of the lunar calendar, is a day for worshiping themoon. At that day, family members get together and enjoythe bright moon in the sky at night. In 2006, the Mid-Autumn was listed as a China cultural heritage, and in 2008 designated as a public holiday. The moon cake, an indispensable food of the Festival, is often used as a gift for relatives and friends or enjoyed in the family party. Traditional moon cakes are imprinted with Chinese characters with such meanings as “longevity”, “happiness” or “harmony”.翻译二：The world-renowned Silk Road is a series of routes connecting the East and the West. It extended more than 6,000 kilometers. The Silk Road was named after ancient China’s silk trade which played an important role in the civilization development of China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It was through the Silk Road that papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing of the four great inventions of ancient China were introduced around the world. Similarly, Chinese silk, tea and porcelain spread all over the world. Europe also exported various goods and plants through the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market.。

2020年12月英语六级真题及参考答案完整版

2020年12月英语六级真题及参考答案完整版四六级试卷采用多题多卷形式，大家核对答案时，请找具体选项内容，忽略套数。

无忧考网搜集整理了各个版本(有文字也有图片，图片可以自由拉伸)，仅供大家参考。

【网络综合版】听力Conversation 1M: Good morning, safe house insurance. My name is Paul. How can I help you today? W: Morning. I wouldn’t say that it’s good from where I am standing. This is Miss Wilson, and this is the third time I’ve called this week since receiving your letter about our insurance claim. (1) I’m getting a little fed up with my calls about my claim being completely disregarded.M: Miss Wilson, thank you for calling back. Can I take some details to help me look at your claim?W: It’s Miss May Wilson, a 15 south sea road in Cornwall.And the details are that our village was extensively flooded 2 months ago. (2) The entire ground floor of our cottage was submerged in water. And five of us have been living in a caravan ever since. You people are still withholding the money we are entitled to overa bizarre, technical detail. And it’s not acceptable, Paul.M: Miss Wilson, according to the notes on your account, (3) the bizarre, technical detail that you mentioned refers to the fact that you hadn’t paid house insurance the month before the incident.W: That money left our account and wow that you should be paying out. You are suddenly saying that you di dn’t receive it on time. I’m really skeptical about this claim.M: The contract does say that any miss payment in a year will affect the terms and conditions of the insurance contract and may affect claims. Of course, I can pass you on to my manager to talk to you more about this.W: I’ve already spoken to him and you can tell him I’m furious now. And that your company has a lawsuit on its hands.(4) You will be hearing from my lawyer, good bye.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Question 1: What is the woman complaining about?1. B) Her claim has been completely disregarded.Question 2: What is the problem the woman’s family encountered?2. B) The ground floor of their cottage was flooded.Question 3: What has caused the so called bizarre, technical detail according to the man?3. A) The woman’s failure to pay her house insurance in time.Question 4: What does the woman say she will do at the end of the conversation?4. D) File a lawsuit against the insurance company.Conversation 2W: (5) How do you feel about the future of artificial intelligence? Personally, I feel quite optimistic about it.M: (5) AI? I’m not so optimistic actually. In fact it's, something we should be concerned about.W: Well, it will help us humans understand ourselves better and when we have a better understanding of ourselves, we can improve the world.M: Well, one thing is for sure, technology is evolving faster than our ability to understand it, and in the future AI will make jobs kind of pointless.W: (6) I think artificial intelligence will actually help create new kinds of jobs, which would require less of our time and allow us to be centered on creative tasks. M: I doubt that very much. Probably the last job that will be writing AI software and then eventually AI will just write his own software.W: At that time, we are going to have a lot of jobs which nobody will want to do.So we won’t need artificial intelligence for the robots to take care of the old guys like us.M: I don't know. (7) There's a risk that human civilization could be replaced bya superior type of digital life. AI will be able to completely simulate a personin every way possible. In fact, some people think we're in a simulation right now.W: That's impossible. Humans can't even make a mosquito. Computers only have chips, people have brains, and that's where the wisdom comes from.M: (8) Once it's fully developed, AI will become tired of trying to communicate withhumans as we would be much slower thinkers in comparison.W: I'm not so sure. A computer is a computer and a computer is just a toy.M: Computers can easily communicate incredibly fast, so the computer will just get impatient talking to humans. It'll be barely getting any information out. W: Well, I believe there's a benevolent future with AI. I also think you watch too many science fiction films.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q5 What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?5. C) They disagree about the future of AI technology.Q6 What will new kinds of jobs be like according to the woman?6. D) Less time-consuming and focusing on creation.Q7 What is the risk the man anticipates?7. C) Digital life could replace human civilization.Q8 What is the man's concern about AI technology?8. A) It will be smarter than human beings.Passage OneTo achieve financial security. How much you save is always more important. Then the amount you earn or how shrewdly you invest.(9) If you're under 30 years old, your goal should be to save 20% of your monthly income after tax deductions. This is irrespective of how much you earn. Approximately 50% should be reserved foressentials, like food and accommodation. The remaining 30% is for recreation and entertainment. But for many young people, it'll be difficult to designate such a large proportion of their income for savings. (10) If you find it hard to save any money at all start by cutting all unnecessary spending, allocate a tiny amount of 1 or 2% for savings, and gradually increase that amount. (11)Always keep that 20% goal in mind, prevent yourself from becoming complacent. It can be challenging to stick to such a strict plan. But if you adopt the right mindset, you should be able to make it work for you. So what should you be doing with the money that you are saving? Some must be kept easily accessible. In case you need some cash in an emergency, the largest proportion should be invested in retirement plans, either for your employer, all privately, you can keep some money for high risk, but potentially lucrative investments. Dividends can be reinvested or used to purchase something you like. By following this plan, you should hopefully be able to enjoy your life now, and still be financially secure in the future.Questions, 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q 9. What are people under 30 advised to do to achieve financial security?9. C) Save one-fifth of their net monthly income.Q10. What should people do if they find it difficult to follow the speaker's advice on their financial plan?10. D) Start by doing something small.Q 11. What does the speaker think is important for achieving financial security?11. A) A proper mindset.Passage TwoI work in advertising and I like to keep up with current trends, mainly because I'm aware that we live in an image obsessed world.(12)However, when I first started my job, occasionally I’d catch a glimpse of myself in the lifts and find myself thinking that I looked a total mess. Was I being held back by my choice of clothing? The short answer is “Yes”, especially when clients are quick to judge you on your style rather than your work.(13) But no one can be unique with her outfit every day. I mean that's why uniforms were invented. So here's what I did. I created my own uniform. To do this, I chose an appropriate outfit. Then I bought multiple items of the same style in different shades.Now, I never worry about what I'm wearing in the morning. Even if I do get a bit tired of just wearing the same classic pieces. (14)Overall, when it comes to work, you have to ask yourself with looking smarter can enhance my ability to do my job.For some, this question may not be an issue at all, especially if you work remotely and rarely see your colleagues or clients face to face. But if your job involves interacting with other people, the answer to this is often “yes”. (15) So rather than fighting the system, I think we should just do whatever helps us toachieve our goals at work. If that means playing it safe with your image, then let's face it. It's probably worth it.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q 12. What do we learn about the speaker when she first started her job?12. A) She found her outfit inappropriate.Q 13. Why were uniforms invented according to the speaker?13. D) To save the trouble of choosing a unique outfit every day.Q 14. What does the speakers say about looking smarter?14. B) It matters a lot in jobs involving interactions with others.Q 15. What does the speaker advise people to do in an image obsessed world? 15. C) Do whatever is possible to look smart.Recording OneDid you know that Americans have approximately 3 times the amount of space we had 50 years ago? Therefore, you'd think would have sufficient room for all of our possessions. On the contrary, the personal storage business is now a growing industry. We've got triple the space, but we've become such enthusiastic consumers that we require even more. (16) This phenomenon has resulted in significant credit card debt, enormous environmental footprints, and perhaps not coincidentally our happiness levels have failed to increase over the same half century.I'm here to suggest an alternative. They’re having less might actually be a preferable decision. Many of us have experienced at some stage, the pleasure of possessing less. (17) I propose that less stuff and less space can not only help you economize, but also simplify your life. I recently started an innovative project to discover some creative solutions that offered me everything I required. By purchasing an apartment. There was 40 square meters instead of 60. I immediately saved $200,000. Smaller space leads to reduced utility bills and also a smaller carbon footprint, because it's designed around an edited collection of possessions, limited to my favorite stuff. I'm really excited to live there.How can we live more basically? Firstly, we must briefly cut the unnecessary objects out of our lives to stem consumption. We should think before we buy and ask ourselves: Will it truly make me happier? Obviously, we should possess some great stuff but we want belongings that we’re going to love for years. Secondly, we require space efficiency. We want appliances that are designed for use most of the time, not for occasional use. Why own a six burner when you really use even three burners?Finally, we need multifunctional spaces and housewares. I combined a movable wall with transforming furniture to get more out of my limited space. Consider my coffee table. It increases in size to accommodate ten. My office is tucked away, easily hidden. My bed simply pops out of the wall. For gas, I can relocate the movable wall and utilize the foldable guest beds I installed. I’m not saying we should all live in tiny apartments, but consider the benefits of an edited life. When you returnhome and walk through your front door, take a moment to ask yourselves. Could I do with a little life editing? Would that give me more freedom and more time? Question 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.Question 16. What has prevented American's happiness levels from increasing? 16. B) Their obsession with consumption.Question 17. What things should we possess according to the speaker?17. A) Things that we cherish most.Question 18. What do we learn about the items in the speaker’s home?18. C) They serve multiple purposes.Recording TwoNow, believe it or not, (19) people sometimes lie in order to maintain a good, honest reputation, even if it hurts them to do so. At least, this is what a team of scientists is suggesting with evidence to prove it.Picture this scenario—you often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But th is month you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think you’d claim in your expense report? The scientists asked this exact question as part of the study we’re discussing today. With surprising results, they found that 12% of respondents reported the distance they drove as less than the actual figure, giving an average answer of 384 miles. In other words, they lied about the number of miles, even though they would forfeit money they were owed. The researchers believe this was to seemhonest with the assumption being that others would be suspicious of a high expense claim.But why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment? (20) The researchers explained that many people care a great deal about their reputation and how they’ll be judged by other s. If they care enough, they’re concerned about appearing honest and not losing the respect of others—maybe greater than their desire to actually be honest. The researchers assert that the findings suggest that when people obtain very favorable outcomes, t hey anticipate other people’s suspicious reactions and prefer lying and appearing honest to telling the truth and appearing as selfish liars.So why is this research important? Well, experts generally agree there are two main types of lie—selfish lies and lies that are meant to benefit others. The first, as you may predict, is for selfish gain, such as submitting a fraudulent claim to an insurance company, while the second involves lying to help others or not offend others. For example, telling a friend wh ose outfit you don’t like that they look great. But the researchers are suggesting a third type of lying: lying to maintain a good reputation.Now this hypothesis is new, and some skeptics argue that this isn’t a whole new category of lie. (21) But the findings seem intuitive to me. After all, one of the main motivations for lying is to increase our worth in the eyes of others. So it seems highly likely that people will lie to seem honest.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.Question 19: What did a team of scientists find in their study?19. D) Over 10% of the respondents lied about the distance they drove.Question 20: why would people fabricate numbers to their own detriment according to the researchers?20. B) They want to protect their reputation.Question 21: What does the speaker think of the researchers findings?21. C) They seem intuitive.Recording Three(22) Why do old people dislike new music? As I’ve grown older, I often hear people my age say things like, “T hey just don’t make good music like they used to.” (22) Why does this happen? Luckily, psychology can give us some insights into this puzzle. Musical taste begins crystallized as early as age 13 or 14. By the time we’re in our early 20s, these tastes get l ocked into place pretty firmly.(23) In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening to new music. Meanwhile, popular songs released when you in the early teens are likely to remain quite popular among your age group for the rest of your life. There could be a biological explanation for this. As there’s evidence that the brain’s ability to make subtle distinctions between different chords,rhythms, and melodies deteriorate rates with age, so to older people, newer, less familiar songs might all sound the same.But there may be some simpler reasons for older people’s aversion to new music.(24) One of the most researched laws of social psychology is something called the “mere exposure effect”, which, in essence, means that the more we’re exposed to something, the more we tend to like it. This happens with people we know, the advertisements we see, and the songs we listen to.When you’re in your early teens, you probably spend a fair amount of time listening to music or watching music videos. Your favorite songs and artists become familiar, comforting parts of your routine. For many people over 30, job and family obligations increase. So there’s less time to spend discovering new music. Instead, many will simply listen to old familiar favorites from that period of their lives when they had more free time.Of course, those teen years weren’t necessarily care f ree. They’re famously confusing, which is why so many TV shows and movies revolve around high school turmoil. Psychology research has shown that (25) the emotions that we experience as teens seem more intense than those that come later. And we also know that intense emotions are associated with stronger memories and preferences. Both of these might explain why the songs we listen to during this period become so memorable and beloved. So t here’s nothing wrong with your parents because t hey don’t like your music. Rather, it’s all part of the natural order of things.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.Question 22. What does the speaker mainly discuss in this talk?22. A) Older people’ s aversion to new music.Question 23. What have studies found about most people by the time they turn 33?23. C) They find all music sounds the same.Question 24. What do we learn from one of the most researched laws of social psychology?24. A) The more you experience something, the better you’ll appreciate it. Question 25. What might explain the fact that songs people listen to in their teen years are memorable and beloved?25. D) Teenagers’ emotions are more intense.听力参考答案：1.B)Her claim has been completely disregarded2.B) The groundfloor of their cottage was flooded3.A)Thewoman's failure to pay her house insurance intime4.D)Filea lawsuit against the insurance company .5.C) They disagree about the future of Al technology .6.D)Lesstime- consuming and focusing on creation7.C) Digitallife could replace human civilization8.A)It will be smarter than human beings9.C)Saveone-ffth of their net monthly income10.D) Start by doing something small11.A)A proper mindset12.A)She found her outfit inappropriate13.D) To save the trouble of choosing a unique outfit everyday14.B)It matters alot in jobs involving interactions withothers15.C)Do whatever is possible to looksmart .16.B) Their obession with consumption17.A) Things that we cherish most18.C) They serve multiple purposes19.D) Over 10%of the respondents lied about the distancethe drove20.B) They want to protect their reputation21.C)Theyseemintuitive.22.A)Olderpeople'sa version to new music .23.C) They find all music sounds the same .24.A) The more you experience something ， the better youllappreciate it.25.D)Teenagers' emotions are more intense .翻译第一套港珠澳大桥（Hong Kong- Zhuhai-Macau Bridge)全长55公里，是我国一项不同寻常的工程壮举。

2020年英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套)

英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第2套)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in thevirtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spe nd more and more time in thevirtual world instead of interacting in the real w orld. You are required to write at least 150 wordsbut no more than 200 words Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) The project the man managed at CucinTech.B) The updating of technology at CucinTech.C)The man's switch to a new career.D) The restructuring of her company.2. A) Talented personnel.B) Strategic innovation.C) Competitive products.D) Effective promotion.3. A) Expand the market.B) Recruit more talents.C) Innovate constantly.D) Watch out for his competitors.4. A) Possible bankruptcy.B) Unforeseen difficulties.C) Conflicts within the company.D) Imitation by one's competitors.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) The job of an interpreter.B) The stress felt by professionals.C) The importance of language proficiency.D) The best way to effective communication.6. A) Promising.B) Admirable.C) Rewarding.D) Meaningful.7. A) They all have a strong interest in language.B) They all have professional qualifications.C) They have all passed language proficiency tests.D) They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A) It requires a much larger vocabulary.B) It attaches more importance to accuracy.C) It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D) It puts one's long-term memory under more stress..Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each pa ssage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questio ns will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the b est answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the cor responding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre. Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) It might affect mothers' health.B) It might disturb infants' sleep.C) It might increase the risk of infants, death.D) It might increase mothers' mental distress.10. A) Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.B) Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.C) Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies' health.D) Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mother s.11. A) Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies'.B) Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.C) Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.D) T ake precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12. A) A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.B) The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.C) The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.D) More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.13. A) To set up more language schools.B) To document endangered languages.C) To educate native American children.D) To revitalise America's native languages.14. A) The US govemment's policy of Americanising Indian children.B) The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C) The US government's unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.D) The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.15. A) It is being utilised to teach native languages.B) It tells traditional stories during family time.C) It speeds up the extinction of native languages.D) It is widely used in language immersion schools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by threeor four questions. The recordings will be played only once. A fter you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choic es marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sh eet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for wo rk.B) It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.C) It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.D) It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.17. A) Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.B) Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.C) Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.D) Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18. A) To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.B) To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.C) To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.D) To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsi dies.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) They measured the depths of sea water.B) They analyzed the water content.C) They explored the ocean floor.D) They investigated the ice.20. A) Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.B) Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.C) The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.D) The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21. A) Arctic ice is a major source of the world's fresh water.B) The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.C) The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.D) Arctic ice is essential to human survival.22. A) It will do a lot of harm to mankind.B) There is no easy way to understand it.C) It will advance nuclear technology.D) There is no easy technological solution to it.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 23. A) The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-contro l.B) The relation between children's self-control and their future success.C) The health problems of children raised by a single parent.D) The deciding factor in children's academic performance.24. A) Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.B) Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.C) Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.D) Lack of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25. A) Self-control can be improved through education.B) Self-control can improve one's financial situation.C) Self-control problems may be detected early in children.D) Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requiredto select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26__________ : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot. Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27__________ of computational power and engineering advances will 28__________ enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29__________ use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation. But there are 30__________ to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器) operator will 31__________ someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32__________ of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33__________ and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34__________ space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35__________ and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer's driving record, not the passenger's.A. arisesB. ascendsC. boundD. combinationE. definiteF. eventuallyG. interfereH. invadeI. manifestingJ. penaltiesK. preservingL. programmedM. proximatelyN. victimsO. widespreadSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the pa ragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You m ay choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a lette r. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.Reform and Medical Costs[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer isthat no one has an easy fix for rising medic al costs. The fundamental fix—reshaping how careis delivered and how doct ors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system—is likely to be achievedonly thr ough trial and error and incremental (渐进的）gains.[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approve d by the SenateFinance Committee would implement or test many reforms t hat should help slow the rise inmedical costs over the long term. As a report i n The New England Journal of Medicine concluded,"Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures."[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, ispropelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical servi ces in this country and thevolume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lotmore tests and treatments than a pa tient really needs.[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills t o try to address those problems, and why it is hard to know how well they wil l work.[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals,nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savingsroutinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medi care more than $100 billion over the next decade. Ifprivate plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to letproviders shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics sayCongr ess will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook That is f ar less likelyto happen if Congress also adopts strong upaygo” rules requiring that any increase inpayments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税）on health insurance plans thatcost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely causeinsurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pay moremoney for many ser vices out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to thinktwice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists pro ject thatmost employers would shift money from expensive health benefits in to wages. The House billhas no similar tax. The final legislation should. [G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients whohave tried to understand their own parade of statements, kn ow that simplification ought tosave money. When the health insurance indus try was still cooperating in reform efforts, itstrade group offered to provide st andardized forms for automated processing. It estimated thatstep would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law.[H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medicalsystem to electronic records that can be easily viewed and tran smitted. This requires openinvestments to help doctors convert. In time it sh ould help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug inte ractions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system—doctors are rew arded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness—is a pr imary reason that the cost ofcare is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments tocare for a particular illness or for a patient's needs over a year. No one knows how to makethat happen quickly . The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. Theyincl ude such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a pati ent's needswith an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease manag ement to make sure theseriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all he alth care costs, are treated properly. Forthe most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identifie d and expandedand the bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create a n independent commission tomonitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare's payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms t hat work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as awhole by C ongress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to the ir will.[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which smallbusinesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a public option. All the plans would have to provide standa rd benefit packages that would be easy tocompare. To get access to millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exch ange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentiv e to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or dema nding better deals from providers.[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to thefierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican criti cs, it might not save muchmoney. The one in the House bill would have to ne gotiate rates with providers, rather thanusing Medicare rates, as many reform ers wanted.[M] The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to com pare how wellvarious treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful moni toring best for prostate (前列腺)cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any bet ter than its commoncompetitors? The pending bills would spend additional m oney to accelerate this effort.[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of car e.(That would betrue only if you believed that patients should have an unrestr ained right to treatments provento be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not r equire, as they should, that the results of thesestudies be used to set payme nt rates in Medicare.[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatmentsproven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might b e the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come do wn through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human servic es to negotiatedrug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative an alysts doubt that the secretarywould get better deals than private insurers alr eady get. We believe negotiation could work. Itdoes in other countries. [Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice cos ts. Malpracticeawards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-ris k specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatmentsprimarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2020年大学英语六级阅读理解试题及答案(卷二)

2020年大学英语六级阅读理解试题及答案（卷二）Ifambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth,distinction, control over one's destiny—must be deemedworthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition ofambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially mustbe highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not leastamong them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to havegiven up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps mostbenefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents.There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn doorafter the horses have escaped―with the educated themselves riding on them。

Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and itssigns now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—thelocations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seemless in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is thatpeople cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once theycould, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we aretreated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in amplesupply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; thepublisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; thejournalistadvocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own childrenare enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not soexceptional, the proper formulation is," Succeed at all costs but avoidappearing ambitious."The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; itspublic defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremelyunattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, aquality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lowerthan it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition isat an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but onlythat, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequencesfollow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is drivenunderground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the leftangry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, themajority of earnest people trying to get on in life。