省略句的分类
2019_2020学年高中英语Unit5FirstaidPeriodFourGrammar—Ellipsis教案(含解析)新人教版必修5

Period Four Grammar—Ellipsis感知以下课文原句,补全方框下的小题1.句1和句4为简单句中的省略,句1中在first和second后省略了degree;句4中在becoming 前省略了from。
2.句2,3和5为状语从句的省略。
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,或当状语从句的主语为it,而且从句谓语中含有be动词时,可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
一、什么是省略1.省略是一种避免重复、保持简洁的语法手段。
2.凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,但在一定语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。
二、省略的分类(一)简单句中的省略1.省略主语:一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,常常省略主语,主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。
(You) Shutup!住嘴!(It) Doesn’tmatter.没关系。
2.省略宾语:当上、下或前、后两个句子的宾语一致时,下句或后句常省略宾语。
—DoyouknowMissGao?—Idon’tknow (her).——你认识高女士吗?——不认识。
3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分):在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,此时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
(Youcome) Thisway,please.请这边走。
(省略了主语和谓语)(Haveyou) Gotanyink?你有墨水吗?(省略了主语和谓语的一部分)(二)并列句中的省略一般来说,在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都要省略。
Myroomisonthefifthfloor,andhers (is) ontheeighth (floor).我的房间在五楼,而她的在八楼。
(三)复合句中的省略1.状语从句中的省略当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
全国-现代汉语s试卷(精选)

0607-全国-现代汉语总分:96一、单选题(共18题,共18分)1、下列划线词在句中表示比喻义的是()(1分)A:比赛已经进入尾声B:文章揭开了犯罪团伙的黑幕C:潺潺的水声犹如美妙的音乐D:秦岭是四川盆地北面的一道屏障2、下列合成词跟“冰凉”结构方式相同的是()(1分)A:地震B:笔直C:花朵D:冰雪3、全是成词语素的一组字是()(1分)A:美、真、梦、言B:缘、圆、阿、苹C:机、语、写、憾D:水、又、不、吗4、现代汉民族共同语的基础方言是()(1分)A:所有方言B:北京话C:北方方言D:普通话5、加粗的词属于介词的是()(1分)A:大路朝天,一人半边B:团结起来,一致对外C:和他聊天,我没兴趣D:谁说我跟错人了6、下列短语中,有错别字的是()(1分)A:偃旗息鼓B:贻笑大方C:举世振惊D:嘘寒问暖7、下列各组词中,属于反义词的一组是()(1分)A:有权——无权B:白色——漆黑C:庞大——弱小D:积累——消费8、与“即将”词性相同的是()(1分)A:过去B:现在C:正在D:将来9、“苹果”这个词可以指称大小、色泽、味道各不相同的任何一个苹果,是因为词义具有()(1分) A:概括性B:民族性C:模糊性D:客观性10、两个音节声母的发音部位和发音方法完全相同的是()(1分)A:纯粹B:船舱C:誓词D:杉树11、最后一个音节不念轻声的是()(1分)A:面子B:莲子C:叶子D:爪子12、下列疑问句中属于特指问的是()(1分)A:明天他来不?B:是光我一个人呢,还是另有别人?C:你真要带我走?D:你在这儿做什么?13、下列形声字中,形旁相同的一组是()(1分)A:闻、阔B:臂、脏C:贼、赌D:誓、唁14、跟“鲁迅骨头最硬。
”句型相同的是()(1分)A:峨眉山的风景很秀丽。
B:张老师学术水平非常高。
C:张老师,您好!D:我们公司最棒。
15、下列句子中的宾语属于受事的是()(1分)A:我写钢笔B:他修钢笔C:墙缝里冒出一缕青烟D:你没有机会了16、从结构上看,“让人家上当太不应该”是()(1分)A:兼语短语B:连谓短语C:偏正短语D:主谓短语17、普通话里,能同声母z、c、s相拼的一组韵母是()(1分)A:开口呼、合口呼B:开口呼、齐齿呼C:开口呼、撮口呼D:齐齿呼、撮口呼18、语音物理性质的四要素是指()(1分)A:音节、音素、音位、音色B:音高、音强、音长、音色C:元音、辅音、声母、韵母D:声母、韵母、字调、句调二、多选题(共4题,共8分)19、不能跟声母t相拼的韵母是()(2分)A:enB:oC:inD:ieE:uen20、“你默默地吐着丝,吐着温暖,吐着爱。
高考英语最新省略句知识点分类汇编(1)

高考英语最新省略句知识点分类汇编(1)一、选择题1.When effectively _______, the feedback we share with students or employees can develop their awareness of their own learning.A.managing B.being managedC.managed D.to manage2.I wonder if the Chinese Football National Team will be able to take part in the World Cup in South Africa in 2010, and ___, I would drink beer with friends for a whole night.A.or so B.as ifC.even so D.if so3.If ________ to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf.A.expose B.exposingC.exposed D.to expose4.Friendship is like money, easier made than ______.A.being kept B.to be keptC.keeping D.kept5.The text and dialogues below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which can create misunderstanding if ______.A.ignore B.to be ignored C.ignoring D.ignored6.Our tutor would listen to us reading our essays aloud, but rarely, ________, commented on them.A.if ever B.if any C.if possible D.if anything 7.Mimosa, 15 cm in height, is a sensitive small plant, which will close when ______. A.touching B.touched C.is touched D.to be touched 8.Nu r series are the areas where plants are grown to be sold or ______ in other places. A.being planted B.to plant C.plant D.planted 9.Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited 10.Present at the funeral were about 1000 people, many more than__________.A.is expected B.expectedC.having expected D.having been expected11.—Mr. Scott has received the invitation to his ex-girlfriend’s wedding ceremony this weekend. Will he attend it?—No, he has finally decided _____.A.not B.not toC.not to go D.not to go to12.—Have you been to the Great Wall?—Perhaps not in my memory; ________, it might have been during the early childhood.A.if any B.if soC.if ever D.if not13.I can’t imagine what air we would be breathing in if we __________ anything to stop air pollution.A.hadn’t done B.didn’t doC.haven’t done D.don’t do14.______ in the United States, St Louis has now become the 4th largest city.A.It is the 24th biggest city B.It was the 24th biggest cityC.Once the 24th biggest city D.Before the 24th biggest city15.When________, the museum will be open to the pulic next year.A.to be completed. B.completingC.being completed D.completed16.The problem of the widening gap between the rich and the poor, if not properly___________, can result in many serious problems.A.being handled B.to handleC.handled D.handling17.Although _____ by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged but practiced harder.A.beating B.beatenC.having beaten D.being beaten18.This golden opportunity _____ your full attention although ________ to seize.A.worthy of; is hard B.worth; being hardC.is worthy; it hard D.is worth; hard19.Unless _______ , he kept silent all the time.A.spoken B.being spoken to C.spoken to D.speaking to20.If _____ for an explanation for an advanced camera, I would certainly find it difficult.A.to be asked B.being asked C.asking D.asked21.The cloth ______easily if _______on a table.A.measures, spreading B.will be measured, spread C.measures, spread D.is measured, spread22.The new treatment means, if _______ to the NCR will make all the difference for the general public.A.applying B.to apply C.applied D.having applied 23.When ________ to someone,I usually say,“Pleased to meet you.”A.introduce B.introduced C.introducing D.am introduced 24.When ________ how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explai ned that ________ this was a result of Alexander the Great’s influence.A.asking; no doubt B.asking; no wonder C.asked; no doubt D.asked; no wonder 25.She is always thinking more of herself, seldom, ________, offering to help others.A.if never B.if possibleC.if ever D.if any【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.C解析:C【解析】试题分析:主语the feedback和动词manage之间是动宾关系,要用过去分词managed作状语,本处相当于一个条件状语从句when the feedback is effectively managed,故选C。
2025届高中语文统编版高考学案考点:牢记文言句式5类型

牢记文言句式5类型(答案在最后)——文必相辅,气不孤申高考对本考点的要求:理解与现代汉语不同的句式。
“不同的句式”主要包括判断句、被动句、省略句、倒装句、固定句式等。
在高考命题中,句式通常隐含在文言文翻译题中。
本考点将细致讲解各种句式以及翻译方法和技巧,并借助课文中熟悉的例句帮助考生理解和掌握,为解答翻译题奠定坚实的基础。
类型一判断句—— 分清类别,译成含有“是”的句子文言文里的判断句,一般不用判断词,而是直接用名词或名词性短语作谓语表示判断,并往往借助于一些助词、语气词、副词来表示或加强判断的语气。
主要格式见下表:判断句翻译时一般要译成“是”或“不是”。
当用副词加强判断时,翻译中应把副词的基本义译出,并补上判断词“是”,如“必”“亦”“即”“诚”“皆”“则”“素”“乃”可以依次译成“一定是”“也是”“便是”“确实是”“都是”“原来是”“本来是”“就是”。
【即练即悟】1.下列句子中,不是判断句的一项是()A.廉颇者,赵之良将也B.刘备,天下枭雄C.然而不王者,未之有也D.汝是大家子2.翻译下列句子。
(1)君者,舟也;庶人者,水也。
(2)富与贵,是人之所欲也。
(3)天下者,高祖天下。
(4)孙膑亦孙武之后世子孙也。
(5)子非鱼,安知鱼之乐?3.翻译下面文段中画线的句子。
宋陈谏议家有劣马,性暴,不可驭,蹄啮伤人多矣。
一日,谏议入厩,不见是马,因诘仆:“彼马何以不见?”仆言为陈尧咨售之贾人矣。
尧咨者,陈之子也。
谏议遽招子,曰:“汝为贵臣,家中左右尚不能制,贾人安能蓄之?是移祸于人也!”急命人追贾人取马,而偿其直。
戒仆养之终老。
时人称陈谏议有古仁人之风。
(1)仆言为陈尧咨售之贾人矣。
尧咨者,陈之子也。
(2)汝为贵臣,家中左右尚不能制,贾人安能蓄之?是移祸于人也!4.翻译下面文段中画线的句子。
晏子至,楚王赐晏子酒,酒酣,吏二缚一人诣王。
王曰:“缚者曷为者也?”对曰:“齐人也,坐盗。
”王视晏子曰:“齐人固善盗乎?”晏子避席对曰:“婴闻之,橘生淮南则为橘,生于淮北则为枳,叶徒相似,其实味不同。
高中英语知识点归纳省略句的分类与用法

高中英语知识点归纳省略句的分类与用法高中英语知识点归纳——省略句的分类与用法一、省略句概述省略句,指在句子中省略掉其他成分,只保留部分成分或不保留任何成分的句子,是英语中常见的一种句子结构。
省略句的使用可以简化句子结构,提高语言的表达效果,但在实际应用中需要注意使用的准确性和合理性。
省略句的分类与用法主要包括以下几个方面:二、主语、宾语和谓语的省略1. 主语的省略在一般现在时和一般过去时的陈述句、祈使句和感叹句中,当主语是代词时,常常可以省略主语。
例如:(1) Got it.(2) Good idea!2. 宾语的省略在一些交际性较强的场合,特别是口语中,常常可以省略动词的宾语。
例如:(1) Can you lend me a pen? → Can you lend me?(2) I saw the movie last night. → I saw last night.3. 谓语的省略在上下文已经明确的情况下,可以省略谓语动词。
例如:(1) Have you finished your homework? → Yes, I have.(2) I didn't see you at the party. → No, I didn't.三、定语和状语的省略1. 定语的省略当被修饰语已经被前面提及或上下文中明确时,可以省略定语从句中的关系代词或连词。
例如:(1) The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. → The book I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(2) The girl who is wearing a r ed dress is my sister. → The girl wearinga red dress is my sister.2. 状语的省略在某些情况下,可以省略状语从句或状语从句中的一些成分。
省略句的分类

省略定义:为避免重复,省略句子中的一个或几个成分,这种语法现象叫省略。
一般说来,句子的省略都发生在句子的主要成分上,即发生在主语、谓语、宾语上。
1. 省略主语(1)在祈使句中省略主语,如:(You) Come here.(2)在表达对某事物的看法时,有时也把主语省略,如:(It) Sounds like a good idea.(I) Have no idea.2. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分(1)在并列句中省略重复的部分,如:He repaired the computer and I (repaired) the loudspeaker.Mary learns French and John (learns) German.(2) 当并列句或从句中有助动词时,可以省略相同的动词,如: She might sing, but I don’t think she will (sing).(3) 在there be句型中省略there be,如:(Is there) Anything I can do for you?3. 省略宾语作为宾语的单词或从句有时都可以省略,如:He wrote down the new words and I wrote down (the new words), too. —Is our teacher in the office?—Sorry, I don’t know (whether he is or not ).4. 主语和谓语一起省略(You come) This way please.—What do you want to eat?—(I want) Some rice and vegetables.5. 不定式符号to后面的动词可以省略(1) 在回答话语中,如:—Would you like to come to the party?—I’d love to (come to the party).(2) 在状语从句中,如:You can go with us to the concert if you want to.(这里特别要注意动词可以省略,但是不定式符号to不可以省略。
《论语》中省略句式的研究正文
无声胜有声的美---------------论语中的省略句的研究对于省略现象前人早有觉察和分析,但没有把它当作语法现象进行系统的研究,尤其对上古汉语主语省略的研究长期以来存在分类过于简略的问题。
本文在学习和借鉴前辈时贤研究成果的基础上,以《论语》为例来分析上古汉语的主语省略句,并对其进行细致分类,探讨主语省略句的特点及其作用,同时对主语省略不恰当而引起的句子歧义作简单分析,以便对上古汉语的主语省略做深入细致的研究,从而来揭示上古汉语主语省略的复杂性和灵活性。
省略作为语言中的一种重要现象,很早的时候就有语言学家开始重视了,20 世纪70 年代,吕叔湘《汉语语法分析问题》开始对省略提出了一些限制。
那到底什么叫省略呢?省略是指在一定的语言环境里一个句子被省略了某些词语,而被省略的词语一般可以从上下文里找到并确定地补充出来。
省略的目的就是为了在不影响文义的前提下使行文简洁、增强修饰效果。
现在就以《论语》为例,以语用学关联理论对其省略句进行语用学分析。
一、以语用学的关联理论关的语境观和最佳关联理论来探讨省略的深层原因有学者于1986 年提出了与交际、认知有关的关联理论。
在关联理论中,他们认为交际的成功取决于交际双方的“互明”和“最佳关联”。
“互明”就是双方共同明白的事实或信息,这些表现就是关联理论中的认知环境。
交际者对于认知环境的的认识和掌握是成功地进行交际的首要条件。
“最佳关联”就是话语理解时付出有效的努力之后,获得足够的语境效果。
该理论就包含了人类交际行为的“经济原则”,即交际中人们总是希望以最小的投入,去获得最佳的交际效果。
在交际中,信息的传递是一种信息“编码”和“解码”的过程。
交际双方依据所使用语言的句法规则和语义规则进行编码和解码。
从说话者的角度来说,就是对语言进行编码的过程。
而听话者的理解话语过程就是对话语的解码过程。
“省略”实则就是交际过程中说话者以一种简便、明了的方式进行编码,这样做一方面减少了自己的负担,另一面突出了信息焦点,有助于听话者迅速解码,获得意义。
高考英语最新省略句知识点分类汇编及答案解析
高考英语最新省略句知识点分类汇编及答案解析一、选择题1.When effectively _______, the feedback we share with students or employees can develop their awareness of their own learning.A.managing B.being managedC.managed D.to manage2.Unless to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited B.invitingC.being invited D.having invited3.—It was careless of you to put your new bike downstairs all night.—My God!________.A.So I did B.So it wasC.So did I D.So have I4.The flowers he bought will die unless every day.A.watered B.wateringC.being watered D.to water5.I decide I will not attend her birthday party ________.A.if inviting B.when invitingC.unless invited D.while invited6.The text and dialogues below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which can create misunderstanding if ______.A.ignore B.to be ignored C.ignoring D.ignored7.Our tutor would listen to us reading our essays aloud, but rarely, ________, commented on them.A.if ever B.if any C.if possible D.if anything8.Nu r series are the areas where plants are grown to be sold or ______ in other places. A.being planted B.to plant C.plant D.planted9.It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. ________, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.A.Otherwise B.If notC.But for that D.If so10.Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited 11._____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A.Other things were equalB.Other things being equalC.To be equal to other thingsD.Other things to be equal12.I wonder if the Chinese Football National Team will be able to take part in the World Cup inSouth Africa in 2010, and ___, I would drink beer with friends for a whole night.A.or so B.as ifC.even so D.if so13.She is always thinking more of herself, seldom, ________, offering to help others.A.if never B.if possibleC.if ever D.if any14.The little girl seldom, , turned to her parents for help.A.if ever B.if any C.if possible D.if so15.Unless______, this law will make life difficult for farmers.A.changed B.changingC.being changed D.is changing16.We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.A.not if dealt carefully with B.if not carefully dealt withC.if dealt not carefully with D.not if carefully dealt with17.When________, the museum will be open to the pulic next year.A.to be completed. B.completingC.being completed D.completed18.—What’s your dream?—Well, my parents wouldn’t expect me to be a banker, but I still .A.hope to B.hope so C.hope not D.hope for19.The problem of the widening gap between the rich and the poor, if not properly___________, can result in many serious problems.A.being handled B.to handleC.handled D.handling20.Unless _______ , he kept silent all the time.A.spoken B.being spoken to C.spoken to D.speaking to 21.---How is the man injured in the earthquake?---The doctor said if _________ in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.A.treated B.treatingC.is treated D.to be treated22.Some of you may have finished unit one. _____ , you can go on to unit two.A.If you may B.If you do C.If not D.If so23.If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.A.to accept B.acceptC.accepting D.accepted24.Though _______ by her classmates, the little girl didn’t burst into tears or be in despair. A.leaving out B.left outC.being left out D.leave out25.—Mr. Scott has received the invitation to his ex-girlfriend’s wedding ceremony this weekend. Will he attend it?—No, he has finally decided _____.A.not B.not toC.not to go D.not to go to【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.C解析:C【解析】试题分析:主语the feedback和动词manage之间是动宾关系,要用过去分词managed作状语,本处相当于一个条件状语从句when the feedback is effectively managed,故选C。
主语残缺句与无主句、省略句辨析
修改:这句话看似是个分句,其实只是个单句,读起来很别扭,是因为其主语中心语残缺,应在“有一腔热血”后面补出“的人”。
(5)不恰当的主语省略造成残缺
例1:风儿掠过麦田时,恰似黄河的滚滚波涛上下起伏。
修改:在“恰似”前加上“麦浪”。
例2:每当花红果熟,正是鸟雀野兽的乐园。
修改:“正是”前加“这里”。
五、主语残缺与无主句、省略句的区别及判定
四、主语残缺
句子要表达完整的意思,就要结构完整,如果结构不完整,表达的意思就不清楚,就会出现“成分残缺”的毛病。缺少主语,导致句子不通,表意不明,这样的句子就是主语残缺句。
主语残缺有以下几种具体情况:
(1)滥用介词造成主语残缺。
句首滥用的介词常有“在、当、从、对于、为了、由于、因为、经过”等,改这类病句一是将介词及介词连带的方位词删去,二是保留介词短语作状语,后边加上适当的词作主语。
这两个句子都没有施事者,人们关心的是受事者病人的情况。
相对于主谓句这种句子表面上看,有谓语没主语,实际上这种句子句中根本沒有主语,沒有主谓关系的存在。句子分析是以一对一的句子成分为依据的,如主谓成对、动宾成对、定中成对等,单个的句子成分并无配对关系。沒有主语的句子必然沒有谓语。所以“无主句”这种称呼是不严密的。人们习惯上称作“无主句”的句子,实际上是指非主谓句中由动词短语或兼语短语加上语调构成的句子。
例1:复读的第一天,上语文课,一位戴着眼镜,额上略带几丝皱纹,约摸四十岁,精神抖擞,带着微笑走进了教室。
英语谚语成语分类
英语谚语、成语分类(语法结构)一、简单句六大结构1)主谓结构1. How time flies! 光阴飞逝。
2. A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。
3. Every minute counts. 分秒必争。
4. A bad thing never dies. 坏事传千里。
5. Friends must part. 老友总有分手时。
6. A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 一心不能二用。
7. A merry heart goes all the way. 心旷神怡,事事顺利。
8. Barking dogs seldom bite. 吠犬不咬人。
9. Beauty lies in the love's eyes. 情人眼里出西施。
10. A good marksman may miss. 智者千虑,必有一失。
11. Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不待人。
2)主谓宾1. A cat has nine lives. 猫有九条命。
2. Every dog has his day. 谁都有得意的时候。
3. Constant dripping wears away a stone. 水滴石穿,绳锯木断。
4. Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机缘。
5. All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。
6. No man can do two things at once. 一心不可二用。
7. No one can call back yesterday. 昨日可不能重现。
8. One cannot put back the clock. 时钟不能倒转。
9. A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园。
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省略定义:为避免重复,省略句子中的一个或几个成分,这种语法现象叫省略。
一般说来,句子的省略都发生在句子的主要成分上,即发生在主语、谓语、宾语上。
1. 省略主语(1)在祈使句中省略主语,如:(You) Come here.(2)在表达对某事物的看法时,有时也把主语省略,如:(It) Sounds like a good idea.(I) Have no idea.2. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分(1)在并列句中省略重复的部分,如:He repaired the computer and I (repaired) the loudspeaker.Mary learns French and John (learns) German.(2) 当并列句或从句中有助动词时,可以省略相同的动词,如:She might sing, but I don’t think she will (sing).(3) 在there be句型中省略there be,如:(Is there) Anything I can do for you?3. 省略宾语作为宾语的单词或从句有时都可以省略,如:He wrote down the new words and I wrote down (the new words), too. —Is our teacher in the office?—Sorry, I don’t know (whether he is or not ).4. 主语和谓语一起省略(You come) This way please.—What do you want to eat?—(I want) Some rice and vegetables.5. 不定式符号to后面的动词可以省略(1) 在回答话语中,如:—Would you like to come to the party?—I’d love to (come to the party).(2) 在状语从句中,如:You can go with us to the concert if you want to.(这里特别要注意动词可以省略,但是不定式符号to不可以省略。
)(一)句中成分的省略1. 主语的省略Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。
(Beg前省略了主语I)Come on! 得了吧(你)!(Come前省略了主语You)2. 谓语的省略John is a lawyer,his wife (is) a cleaner.Some of us study Japanese,others (study) English.3. 表语的省略She was a lover of sports as she had been in her youth..(had been后面省略了a lover of sports)4. 宾语的省略Let’s do the cases. I’ll read and you’ll type.(read和type后面省略了宾语cases)5. 定语的省略I spent part of the money, and the rest I gave.(the rest后面省略了定语of the money)6. 状语的省略She wasn’t cry. Strange! (Strange前面省略了状语how)7. 词的省略1)名词、冠词、物主代词或介词如果与前文重复时,可以省略,如:I like red wine better than white (wine).The lightning flashed and (the) thunder crashed.Please take good care of these flowers and (these) plants.We lived in Beijing and (in) Shanghai for some time.2)重复出现的形容词,省略后边的;两个或两个以上被形容词修饰的同一名词,前边的则常被省略。
We are young boys and (young) girls.There were middle-aged (women) and elderly women to attend the meeting;8. 英语中一些固定特殊的省略结构1)在回答一般疑问句的简略答语中,或回答用陈述句,祈使句表示要求、命令的简略回答中,常用Yes /No+主语+助动词,而省略主动词或其它成份,但助动词应和原句的助动词和时间概念须保持相应的一致。
—Could I borrow your dictionary?—Yes, of course you can. (句中could表示委婉语气,并不是过去式,因此答语用can,其后省略borrow my dictionary.)—Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.—I won't. (祈使句原含有未来的意味,再加上有tomorrow的限制,因此答语用won't,其后省略forget to go you’re your birthday party tomorrow.)2) 同时省掉句子几个部分有时好几个句子成分都被省掉,除了对疑问句的简略回答外,也出现在反意疑问句中。
如:You are a superman,aren’t you (a superman) ?3)在以know, forget, remember等动词结尾的简答句后的子句通常也可省略,以避免重复。
—Who won the football match last night?—Sorry, I don’t know (who won the football match last night.)4)在以if, when,though,as,as if 等连词引导的从句中,如从句中主要动词是be,可将主语和动词be省掉。
He is very good at dancing, though (he is) very old.The boy looked as if ( he were ) afraid of nothing.5)so,nor/neither 用来表示“……也一样”时的省略结构—I am a student.—So am I (a student).—We haven't been there.—Neither (Nor) have we (been there).(二)句中结构的省略1. 简单句的省略1)名词所有格之后的省略He is going to his uncle’s (house).2) 含there be结构中的省略(Is there) Anything wrong?3) 独立主格结构中的分词如为being或having been时的省略The examination (being) over, we all left the school.4) 不定式的省略(1)并列的不定式Her job is to take care of the elders and (to) wash their clothes.(2)为避免重复, 作某些动词hope, want等宾语或tell, order, ask的宾补时,省略不定式短语, 只保留不定式符号to.The child wanted to play in the street, but her mother told her not to.(此句中not to 后省略了和上文相重复的play in the street.).(3)感官动词see, hear, feel, notice, hear或使役动词let, make, have,等后跟不定式作宾补时省略to.I saw the girl cross the street.I had my father repair my bike.注意:当感官动词与使役动词用于被动时,需恢复to的省略! 如:The girl was seen to cross the street.(4)有had better, would rather, can’t but 或Why not等句型后面直接跟动词原形,实际上是接省to的不定式。
You had better tell me the truth.I could not but (to) laugh at him.Why not go and ask the teacher for help?(5)在回答问句及其它形式的答语中,如有和上文重复的不定式时,在答语中只保留其不定式符号to,而把动词和其它部分省略。
—Would you like to come to dinner tonight?—I'd like to. But I'm too busy. (此句中的I'd like to 后省略了come to dinner tonight.)5) 介词(或介词短语)的省略(1)动名词前面的介词in在一定条件下常被省略We spent a large sum of money (in) building the mansion.而当spend money in doing sth. 结构用于被动语态时in不能省略A large sum of money was spent in building the mansion.(2)near或opposite作形容词表示“在…的附近”或“在…对面”时后接的介词to可省略It is near (to) the airport, opposite (to) the supermarket.(3)of +形容词+名词作补语表示大小、年龄、形状、颜色或价格时of常被省略We are(of)the same age, I suppose.(4)含有side, height, length, size, shape等惯用语前介词on有时可被省略Try to keep your discourse(on)this side of 3000 words.(5)有些动词、名词、形容词习惯搭配介词短语, 在以what, when, how, whether, that出现的从句或不定式短语之前有时被省略介词短语as to.Be careful (as to) how you do that.6) 同源宾语的省略同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时可以省去该同源宾语During the football match, the fans all shouted their loudest (shout).She sang her sweetest (song).7) 英语中惯用的省略句型即,What/How about后只跟名词、代词或动名词(短语),以及感叹句中的省略现象。