第三届“译国译民杯”翻译大赛报名表及比赛原文
“译国译民杯”翻译大赛报名表及比赛原文
“译国译民杯”翻译大赛说明：1、我司郑重承诺对所有参赛人员相关资料予以严格保密，请放心填写。
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第一部分：报名表“译国译民杯”翻译大赛报名表第二部分：试题一、中译英（1000字左右）非遗在变化冲击中境况堪忧古丝绸之路东起中国古都长安，西经南亚、中亚直达欧洲。
全长七千多公里，在中国有近四千公里。
丝绸之路是古代中国开向世界的窗口，在这条道路上，古代中国得以与西方文明交融交汇，共同促进了世界文明的发展。
丝绸之路在促进沿线国家的经济发展、社会文明、科技进步方面发挥了难以估量的巨大作用，被中外学者誉为东西方经贸交流的桥梁、东西方文化交流的运河和东西方科技交流的纽带。
丝绸之路沿线所蕴涵的非物质文化遗产，不但在华夏民族文化中占据着极为重要的地位，而且是人类非物质文化遗产宝库中的奇葩。
陕、甘、宁、青、新西北五省区，地域辽阔，长期生活着汉、回、维吾尔、藏、蒙古、撒拉、东乡、保安、裕固、哈萨克等20多个民族。
这里历史悠久，文化灿烂，尤其是各少数民族的口头传承和非物质文化遗产绚丽多姿。
流传于甘、青、宁、新各地涉及8个民族的“花儿”体民歌，陕北、陇东的民间歌谣，以及民族民间器乐（古埙、口弦）、鼓乐；有关西王母、伏羲、黄帝、周祖等神话传说；各民族婀娜多姿的民间舞蹈（筵席曲、踏脚舞、秧歌、太平鼓）、巧夺天工的工艺和手工艺（藏族热贡艺术、编织、雕塑、剪刻、刺绣）、民间游艺等，都曾传承着西北区各民族历代先民的聪明才智，呈现出中华民族色彩斑斓的多元文化格局。
伴随着经济全球化、外来文化和生活方式、西方的文化观和价值观的冲击，以及社会生活的进步，生产力水平的提高和生活方式的改变，西北丝绸之路沿线蕴涵民族精神家园的非物质文化遗产受到猛烈冲击，一些承载着悠久历史的传统文化不断遭到遗弃，悄然消逝，一些传统民间文化日趋式微，被淡化、被扭曲、受漠视、受冷落。
2020中译国青杯英译汉原文
“中译国青杯”联合国文件翻译大赛学生组——英译汉【原文】Australia: Where Nature is Grieving“When you walk into a forest that’s been burnt this badly, the overwhelming thing that hits you is the silence. No bird-song. No rus tling of leaves. Silence.” This is how Mike Clarke, professor of zoology at La Trobe University, Melbourne, describes Australia’s many forests recently decimated by bushfires.“This stands out as the worst disaster in Australia’s recorded history,” Clarke says. The figure of the area that has been burnt – 13 million hectares –is “hard to get your head around.” For scale, this is an area bigger in hectares than Holland, Denmark and Switzerland combined. All burnt to a crisp. Homes, forests, animals, plants –everything in the wake of these intense infernos – incinerated. Gone.Unprecedented scaleAt least a billion animals were killed in the bushfires, according to approximate estimates by Chris Dickman, professor in territorial ecology at The University of Sydney. This figure is conservative, Clarke believes. “That’s just mammals, birds, reptiles. If we added invertebrates to that, the numbers would be astronomical.”One thing that must be clear, though, is that Australia’s bush has always burnt quite s everely. “The severity isn’t unprecedented,” says Alan York, professor of Fire Ecology at the University of Melbourne. “What is unprecedented is their earliness in, or before the usual fire season, and the volume of fires in so many places, which is far mo re unusual.”Koalas in northern New South Wales have had most of their habitat burnt. “Speculation is that populations will become locally extinct,” according to York. The iconic nature of the koalas sometimes overshadows other ecosystem horrors, Clarke ad ds. “They’re the poster child of this crisis. But in reality, a whole suite of wildlife – large possums, all sorts of plants that live in alpine ash, whole communities of organisms – are all at risk now.”The resilience of the Australian bush in questionIt may take years for these species to recover. And that may require human assistance, with captive-bred frogs in Australia’s zoos, for example. “Otherwise, we’re hoping animals survived in unburnt pockets,” York explains. He remains somewhat optimistic, s aying the Australian bush has a “dramatic capacity to recover.”There are, however, caveats. Rainforests and alpine areas of Tasmania, for instance, don’t have much experience of fires, so they’re more vulnerable to repeated fires, he says. And under the current climate change model, increasing fires are inevitable.Some of several “human interferences” that’ll most likely hamper recovery include habitat removal from land clearing; introducing feral species which prey on native species (feral cats have been known to come from ten kilometres away to the edge of a fire to pick off prey, usually native); and a lack of urgent political action on climate change.The problem is, lots of critical resources have been incinerated. For example, many fauna – cockatoos, parrots, possums, bats – rely on hollow logs on the ground, or on trees to den in or breed in. Not only have those logs now gone, Clarke predicts that it will take one to two centuries for them to appear again, hollowed out. “A lot of Australian wood is hardwood. Fungi and termites hollow it really slowly. There are no woodpeckers here,” he explains. Suddenly, the capacity to recover seems almost insurmountable within our lifetime. “What could disappear in hours in bushfire could take centuries to replace. Ecologists would call this a ‘complete state change’.”Immediate measures neededExperts say some immediate steps are being taken to help along the recovery of this vast area. A moratorium on logging has been proposed, and pressure is building to act more aggressively on the pest control of feral cats and foxes, in addition to introducing weed removal. “Weeds recolonize areas disturbed by fire. They use resources that native plants and animals might need,” York explains.Identifying and protecting areas that did not burn is also an important subject for debate. Specifically, some are arguing that cultural burns may be better than the hotter, more intense, hazard reduction burning. Cultural burns are cool-burning, knee-high blazes that were designed to happen continuously and across the landscape, practised by indigenous people long before Australia’s invasion and colonization. The fires burn up fuel like kindling and leaf detritus, so that a natural bushfire has less to devour.Since Australia's fire crisis began last year, calls for better reintegration of this technique have grown louder. But they may be of limited value at this crisis point, according to Clarke. “We need to appreciate how different things are now. Cultural burns happened to enable people to move through dense vegetation easily, or for ceremonial reasons. They weren’t burning around 25 million people, criss-crossed by complex infrastructure and in a climate change scenario,” he estimates.Concrete measures to combat climate change are indeed crucial for the future of biodiversity. In spite of green shoots of optimism in some quarters, the prognosis of whether the bush will ever recover its biodiversity is looking somewhat grim. Breaking it down, Clarke surmises that “A chunk of it will be good – a third will be able to bounce back. A third is in question, but a third is in serious trouble. I’ve been studyingfire ecology for twenty years, but we’re de aling with unchartered territory changing before our eyes.”【参赛译文格式要求】一、参赛译文应为Word文档.doc或.docx格式。
第三届海峡两岸口译大赛（大陆区级赛）赛题
第三届海峡两岸口译大赛（大陆区级赛）赛 题第一环节：主旨口译1．汉译英近日一份由美国美世咨询公司公布的2011年全球生活成本调查报告，首次将北京的物价置于纽约之上。
该报告从衣食住行、家庭用品、娱乐等生活各方面对全球214个城市进行了调查比较。
最终结果显示，北京排名全球第20位，其排名高过纽约。
消息一出立即引起了人们对中美物价的关注。
而今天《人民日报》刊发的文章“北京物价真的比纽约高吗？”更是被国内各大网站转载，引发了一场关于中美物价的大讨论。
文章对北京和纽约两个城市的生活成本进行了比较，发现国外品牌的普通消费品如牛仔裤、运动鞋等，在北京的确比纽约贵，而市内公共交通、以及涉及人工和知识产权的产品和服务，纽约明显要比北京贵很多。
2．英译汉For many people exercising outdoors, be it walking, jogging, or biking, musical devices are almost as essential as their sports outfit. The problem? When you concentrate on the music while exercising, your ability to perceive danger in your vicinity will be compromised, whether hearing a car approaching, or noticing an attacker, or seeing a lamppost in the way. When your brain is preoccupied with music, you are less likely to pick up on pain sensations from a minor injury, so the injury may end up being more serious. Exercising to music can also interfere with the quality of your workout. A song that gives a strong beat could cause you to overexert yourself, while music that’s too low-key may prevent you from pushing yourself to the next level. Some states are now trying to crack down on exercise multitasking. In New York, a pending bill would make it illegal for walkers and joggers to cross the street while using any kind of electronic device. Oregon and Virginia are planning to fine cyclists for riding while listening to music.第二环节：对话口译私人飞机在中国A：截至今年4月底，中国注册私人飞机已经有150架，中国将有望超越美国成为拥有私人飞机最多的国家。
2024英语三级笔译(Catti 3)实务真题及参考译文
2024年英语三级笔译（CATTI3）实务真题及参考译文1.英译汉（原文）The last vestiges of Covid Restrictions have finally been removed, and international tourism is exploding—more than 900 million eager tourists took to the skies in 2022, doubling the number from 2021.But as world travel recovers from the pandemic, the rise in tourism is, among other things, overwhelming foreign infrastructure, disrupting local residents and diminishing the overall tourist experience.Although tourism still boosts the economies of hotspot cities, municipal authorities are concerned about the impact over tourism has on their communities and cultural heritage sites and have thus started taking matters into their own hands to mitigate overcrowding.To counter the downsides of overtourism, the travel industry can utilize tech-based tools that combat the root causes of tourist congestion and actively encourage travel to lesser-known places, thereby satisfying tourists without burdening the local residents.According to one study, when tourist numbers exceed a city’s carrying capacity, residents’ perception of their home as a good place to live begins to deteriorate, increasing feelings of resentment toward tourists during peak seasons.Amsterdam, with its picturesque canals, stunning brick architecture and leisurely bicycle paths, is just one of several cities reeling from the effects of overtourism; more than 20 million tourists are anticipated to visit the city this year alone.To curb the flow of visitors without destabilizing the tourism market, the city introduced a cap on overnight guests and is proposing further measures that include relocating some popular tourist attractions to outside the city center—or even removing them altogether.To give the city more “breathing space”, the mayor of Dubrovnik（杜布罗夫尼克，克罗地亚城市）shut down 80% of its souvenir stalls and restricted cruise ship and tour bus operations. City officials in Barcelona instituted taxes for overnight tourists and barred entry to certain food markets. And in Venice, officials banned the development of new hotels and installed turnstiles along popular routes to redirect tourist traffic.To thrive with resident communities, the tourism industry must cultivate a new approach that better serves local interests when promoting destinations and trip options.Marketing trips through the use of thoughtful ad campaigns and tech tools that inspire tourists to venture away from conventional hotspots and explore lesser-known attractions could lead to a more even distribution of travelers across various destinations.To that end, dispersing tourists should be a top business goal for travel providers rather than focusing only on the high-traffic destinations. This not only enables travelers to genuinely experience diverse cultures but also provides vital support torural-located businesses, restaurants and cultural establishments, which stand to gain the most from tourist dollars.In order to empower travelers to visit new or unfamiliar destinations, the industry should consider leveraging tech-based tools to convince them. Airbnb（爱彼迎公司）, for example, rolled out flexible search features in 2021 that divert bookings away from destinations at times when overtourism occurs, encouraging tourists to make accommodations in alternative cities or towns.With tourists overrunning major destinations, the tourism industry and local municipalities must find some middle ground. Heavily visited cities will otherwise be forced to impose further tourist restrictions, putting an entire revenue stream at risk.1.英译汉（译文）新冠疫情最后剩余的限制终于被解除，国际旅游业也因此迎来了爆发式增长——2022年，有超过9亿热切的游客乘飞机出行，人数是2021年的两倍。
翻译试译稿件
经济文化类1. Chinese to English (Please translate the following into English and keep the English original)罗浮宫欧美馆，秉承欧洲经典家居文化，坚守“生活典范，为您创造”的经营理念，以雄厚的实力与强大品牌信誉，将使用价值与艺术价值完美融合的欧美顶级家私、饰品、壁画等完美呈现。
入选罗浮宫欧美馆用心品鉴与采集的欧洲古董家具，已成为对生活有更高标准的层峰人士不二之选。
罗浮宫欧美馆占地八千多平方米，产品琳琅满目，汇集了欧美各种风格家私精髓之作。
从选料到工艺，从装饰到历史渊源都细细考究，每款华丽的造型，每处精心雕琢的花纹，都能体现能工巧匠，鬼斧神工的技艺，令您叹为观止。
2. English to Chinese (Please translate the following into Chinese and keep the Chinese original)⏹Baosteel Group actively collecting Handan Steel's warrantsAccording to the Shanghai Stock Exchange, Baosteel Group (and its subsidiaries)has become Handan Steel's largest free-floating shareholder and the largest callwarrant holder. Handan Steel Group's stake would drop to below 20% if warrantsare all executed at maturity. Given this situation, we think it possible BaosteelGroup could consider acquisition of Handan Steel.⏹Low EV/t and trading P/BV are acquisition catalystsMost Chinese steelmakers trade at about 1x P/BV, with some still below book.Most of their EV/t are lower than the replacement cost of Rmb4,000-5,000/t(integrated capacity to CRC). Thus, we expect the M&A to accelerate amongChinese makers, as foreign makers are not allowed to take over Chinese peers. Afull-listing would also facilitate M&A.⏹Positive in the long termBaosteel the listed company would not likely become involved into the possibleacquisition, in our view. Handan Steel (6mt capacity) is located in Hebei Provinceand has abundant iron-ore reserves. If the acquisition materialised, the BaosteelGroup would benefit from: (1) capacity growth; (2) penetration into thefragmented North China market.⏹Valuation: More growth potentialGiven the parent as sector consolidator, Baosteel is positioned for more acquisitiongrowth potential. We maintain our Buy 2 rating with a price target of Rmb6.9(1.6x 2006E P/BV).法律类1. Chinese to English (Please translate the following into English and keep the English original)1.招标文件仅构成招标方就招标项目向投标方发出之要约邀请，投标方应知道，招标方无意在招标阶段建立任何合约关系，直至书面通知有关的中标方；一旦中标方选定后，由招标方与中标方签订一年或多年的正式合同, 合同的前三个月为试用期, 中标方应穿戴招标方所指定的制服款式为招标方提供服务.2.投标方需对招投标过程中所获知任何招标资料及内容保证不向无关人士泄露，也不得就其投标资料及内容向任何第三方泄露。
2022年05月三笔实务(真题+译文)
实务真题2022年上半年三级笔译真题原文·英译汉China launched an unmanned module（核心舱）on Thursday(containing what will become living quarters f o r three crew on a permanent space station) that it plans to complete by the end of 2022. The module, named "Tianhe", or "Harmony of the Heavens", which will have a life span of at least 10 years, was launched on the Long March 5B, China's largest carrier rocket, at 11:23 a.m. (0323 GMT) from the Wenchang Space Launch Centeron the southern island of Hainan.中国计划于2022年底建成一个永久性太空站／空间站．周四，中国发射了一个无人核心舱，舱内设有可供空间站内三名航天员使用的生活区／生活控制舱．该核心舱取名“天和“，于上午11时23分（格林尼治标准时间3时23分），由中国最大的运载火箭长征五号B遥二搭载，在海南文昌航天发射场发射升空，其在轨运行寿命至少为10年。
Tianhe is one of three main components of what would be China's first self-developed space station, rivalling the only other station in service-the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is backed by the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan and Canada. It has hosted scientists from over a dozen nations but China has been banned from sending any of its astronauts there. Yet, the fate of the ISS, though in orbit for more than two decades, is now uncertain. The project is set to expire in 2024 without funding from its partners. Russia said this month that it would quit the project from 2025.空间站建成后，将成为中国首个自主研发的空间站，可与目前唯一在役的国际空间站 (ISS) 相姚美，而“天和号“核心舱是中国空间站的三个主要组成部分之一。
汉英翻译大赛预赛翻译原文
寻找香格里拉师琼瑜台湾《中国时报》在昆明稍事停逗留后，我们在一个天才蒙蒙亮的清早，开始向西飞行，并将从滇藏交界处的中甸香格里拉一路下降往东回到昆明。
我们要前往的地方是一个一年有半载以上时间处在冰封状态下的神秘之地，想要造访的人必须在五月雪融了之后才能进入，而十月之后，又开始进入冰封之境。
After a short stay in Kunming ,we started flying west in a very early morning , and we would from Shangri-la placed in the junction between Yunman and Tibet back down east to Kunming .We would get in a mysterious place where stayed in the frozen state during more than half time a year . The people wanted to visit and search there ,must wait the snow melt in May .Then , it began to enter the frozen state again after October.从飞机上的舷窗往下看，是一片皑皑白雪，覆盖在千年不化的壮观雪山上，雪峰连绵不绝，我们乘坐的飞机像漂浮在白色大海波浪高低起伏上的一艘轻巧小船，从云贵高原缓缓地往青藏高原前进。
飞机上有白种人、黄种人，我不知道飞机上大部分的人是为了什么原因想到这个地方来看看，是受了香格里拉盛名的诱惑，来寻找人间仙境、世外桃源，还是想证明这究竟是不是詹姆斯·希尔顿在《消失的地平线》小说里所描述的男主角康维一心一意想再回去的蓝月谷地？飞机缓缓降落，我们争相目睹这个看来像高山盆地的大片平原，平地上遍布青葱草原，一户户白色泥墙斜屋顶的民宅、舒缓宽松地错落在高山草原上，户户民宅都拥有宽广占地，两层楼高的房舍看来每个都像一个自给自足的大庄园，一排排青稞架，醒目地矗立在草原上。
儒易翻译大赛参考译文
儒易翻译大赛参考译文城市人口的急剧增长，造就了新兴剧院旺盛的欣赏者人流，因而为经营者带来了丰厚的利润。
但是面对这个主要是由那些不熟悉传统的观众组成的群体，原来茶园的经营方式，尤其是由资深戏迷引领和以众多戏迷为主要对象的北京茶园的经营方式，显然面临着巨大与严峻的挑战。
晚清年间上海的戏院经营者们为了吸引对京剧几乎一无所知的观众而创造出的各种商业手段﹐在民国年间进一步被发扬光大。
从新舞台开张时起，上海的戏院的经营策略，就显现出了与北京茶园演剧的显著区别，而且直接导致了剧院内演出内容与风格的变化，形成了与所谓“京朝派”相对的“海派”。
以唱功论，如果说“京朝派”的演员们追求京腔京韵的“味道”，那么，“海派演员则不像京派那样刻意求工，不那么注重声乐技巧，而是比较讲究有劲和有力,关键的唱句,往往一鼓作气,不激起哄堂彩声不肯罢休。
”[杨常德:《说南派，话海派》，《戏曲菁英(上)》，《上海文史资料选辑》第61辑，第248页。
]这是符合上海这个急速崛起的城市里大量新涌入剧院的市民观众之欣赏需求的，海派的表演风格与特色，正是出于吸引这些中下层市民观众的目的，才因此愈演愈烈。
“一般地说，海派京剧的演出，无论唱念做打，都很卖力气，但往往失之火爆驳杂，虽然被一些人视为不登大雅之堂，却又很受‘三层楼观众’的欢迎。
”[杨常德:《说南派，话海派》，《戏曲菁英(上)》，《上海文史资料选辑》第61辑，第248页。
]而在民国年间，在这个城市里，新式剧场里的各种新景象与新招数，更加放肆地张扬其帜。
民国年间，上海戏院的京剧演出更加重视连台本戏，它甚至成为各家戏院最下功夫打造的提款机。
清末年间由王鸿寿、赵如泉等长驻上海的演员们开始的连台本戏编创演出的势头，进入民国后更爱有变本加厉的趋势，这是该时期上海戏剧发展最强有力的引擎。
“二十年代，上海的连台本戏无论从演员、观众、剧目上说，都成为传统戏的强劲对手。
试举1920年元旦这一天部分重头戏戏码为例:天蟾舞台日戏三本《铁公鸡》，夜场杨小楼双出《铁笼山》《盗御马·连环套》﹔大舞台日戏三本《铁公鸡》，夜戏全本《目连救母》﹔共舞台日戏《新纺棉花》﹐夜戏十二本《宏碧缘》;新舞台日戏《法国拿破仑》，夜戏十本《济公活佛》﹔亦舞台日戏《状元录》，夜戏头本《风波亭》﹔丹桂第一台日戏《李陵碑》及昆曲《痴梦》，夜戏《胭粉记》及昆曲《牡丹亭》。
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国译民杯”翻译大赛说明：1、我司郑重承诺对所有参赛人员相关资料予以严格保密，请放心填写。
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第一部分：报名表“译国译民杯”翻译大赛报名表姓名性别出生年月联系电话QQ电子邮箱译题（中英、英中）职业工作单位/学校、专业现居住地户籍所在地第二部分：试题一、中译英（1000字左右）非遗在变化冲击中境况堪忧古丝绸之路东起中国古都长安，西经南亚、中亚直达欧洲。
全长七千多公里，在中国有近四千公里。
丝绸之路是古代中国开向世界的窗口，在这条道路上，古代中国得以与西方文明交融交汇，共同促进了世界文明的发展。
丝绸之路在促进沿线国家的经济发展、社会文明、科技进步方面发挥了难以估量的巨大作用，被中外学者誉为东西方经贸交流的桥梁、东西方文化交流的运河和东西方科技交流的纽带。
丝绸之路沿线所蕴涵的非物质文化遗产，不但在华夏民族文化中占据着极为重要的地位，而且是人类非物质文化遗产宝库中的奇葩。
陕、甘、宁、青、新西北五省区，地域辽阔，长期生活着汉、回、维吾尔、藏、蒙古、撒拉、东乡、保安、裕固、哈萨克等20多个民族。
这里历史悠久，文化灿烂，尤其是各少数民族的口头传承和非物质文化遗产绚丽多姿。
流传于甘、青、宁、新各地涉及8个民族的“花儿”体民歌，陕北、陇东的民间歌谣，以及民族民间器乐（古埙、口弦）、鼓乐；有关西王母、伏羲、黄帝、周祖等神话传说；各民族婀娜多姿的民间舞蹈（筵席曲、踏脚舞、秧歌、太平鼓）、巧夺天工的工艺和手工艺（藏族热贡艺术、编织、雕塑、剪刻、刺绣）、民间译国之标准，译民之标榜——译国译民翻译服务有限公司专心翻译，做到极致游艺等，都曾传承着西北区各民族历代先民的聪明才智，呈现出中华民族色彩斑斓的多元文化格局。
伴随着经济全球化、外来文化和生活方式、西方的文化观和价值观的冲击，以及社会生活的进步，生产力水平的提高和生活方式的改变，西北丝绸之路沿线蕴涵民族精神家园的非物质文化遗产受到猛烈冲击，一些承载着悠久历史的传统文化不断遭到遗弃，悄然消逝，一些传统民间文化日趋式微，被淡化、被扭曲、受漠视、受冷落。
由于自然条件、宗教信仰、历史变迁等因素的影响，勤劳智慧的西北各族人民创造的具有鲜明地域色彩和民族特色的民间艺术正在迅速流失、濒临绝迹，不少民间技艺正在消亡，大量民间器物已经流失，缺乏非物质文化遗产的教育及人才的培养体系，传承渠道不畅；对无形的风俗习惯、社交礼仪、曲艺服饰、传统工艺等非物质文化遗产，更没有认识到它的深层价值；西北丝绸之路沿线口传文学自然流失，掌握一定传统艺术技能的民间艺人已为数不多，后继乏人；传统戏剧表演艺术正在逐渐消失，甘肃陇东皮影、宁夏回族民间器乐建国初期可以演一百多个剧目，现在最好的艺人只能演二十几个剧目；再现唐代长安音乐的《唐和曲》，随着传人的离世而难以听其“环琨之声”；民间剪纸消失的速度，有专家形象地称之为“一夜春风遍地犁花落”；甘肃特有的民族语言：东乡语、保安语、裕固语这些小民族语言正面临日益同化、灭失的危险。
【作者：杨永春单位：西北师范大学旅游学院、兰州大学资源环境学院】（2011年11月30日《光明日报》)二、英译中（730单词）True sustainability solutionsby Gail TverbergWe live in a world with very limited solutions to our sustainability problems. I often hear the view,“If we would just get off fossil fuels, then our society would be sustainable.” Or, “If the price ofoil would just go high enough, then renewables would become economic, and our economy wouldbe sustainable.”Unfortunately, our problems with sustainability began a long time before fossil fuels came around,and the views above represent an incomplete understanding of our predicament. When fossil fuelsbecameavailable,theywereasolutiontoothersustainabilityproblems–rapiddeforestationanddifficulty feeding the population at that time. Getting rid of fossil fuels would likely lead to veryrapid deforestation and many people dying of lack of water or food. If getting rid of fossil fuels isa solution to our predicament, it is one with very bad side effects.译国之标准，译民之标榜——译国译民翻译服务有限公司专心翻译，做到极致Acoupleofdifferenteventsthisweekremindedmeabouthowdeeplyembeddedoursustainability problems are. For one, I had the opportunity to read a draft of a soon-to-be publishedpaper by James H. Brown and a group of others from the University of New Mexico and the SanteFe Institute called, “The Macroecology of Sustainability.” This paper points out that sustainabilitysciencehasdevelopedlargelyindependentlyfromandwithlittlereferencetokeyecologicalprinciples that govern life on earth. Instead, sustainability science is often more of a social science,looking at slightly greener approaches which are almost as unsustainable as the approaches theyreplace.Asecondthingthatremindedmeofourlong-termproblemswith sustainability wasapairofarticlesinthis week’s issueof Science. Thereisa research article called,The Aftermath ofMegafaunal Extinction: Ecosystem Transformation in Pleistocene Australia by S. Rule et al, andan accompanying perspective article called The Hunters Did It by M. McGlone. The perspective article explains that there had been a controversy as to why marked changes in habitat took placeshortly after humans settled Australia. Some thought that the loss of forest and animal extinctionsweretheresultofclimatechange.Newresearchshowsthatthechangesalmostcertainlycamefromhuntingandtheuseoffirebyhumans.Thisisfurtherevidencethathumansdidnotlivesustainably, even when they were still hunters and gathers. (See my earlier posts, European Debt Crisis and Sustainability and Human population overshoot–what went wrong?)Below the fold, I will offer some ideas about truly sustainable solutions.Truly Sustainable SolutionsHumans at this point do not fit in at all well with the natural ecology–the natural systems of plantsand animals. In fact, we have disturb ed these systems greatly, making natural systems “fit” intothe little niches we have reserved for them. In order for humans to fit back into natural systems, italmost seems as though humans would have to evolve to become more like monkeys or gorillas. Wewouldneedtostoplivinginhouses,wearingclothes,andcookingourfood.Itwouldbehelpful to be able to live in trees, to stay away from predators. Somehow, this doesn’t sound at all appealing, or likely.But if we think about the situation, it yields a few ideas regarding where we need to be, if we are to live in an ecologically sustainable way:1.Intermsoflocalfoods,weneedtofocusonfoodsthat truly grow wild,orwith very little support, inour area. We may needto discard some foods that canbegrowntoday,butwhichrequire soil amendments which must be hauled from a distance, sprays for insects, irrigating, or much tilling.2. To limit our ecological impact, we should be eating plants and perhaps small animals (including birds, fish, and insects) that reproduce in large numbers. We certainly should not be eating cows and pigs grown on industrial farms. The food we eat should be minimally processed–not packagedor finely ground. If we could eat food raw, that would be ideal, from the point of not disturbingother systems. The human digestive system has evolved to work better with cooked food, however,so cooking will probably be necessary, perhaps using solar cookers.。