备战2023年高考英语重难题型高分攻略03 阅读理解之推理判断题(学生版)

备战2023高考阅读之推理判断题目录内容板块一题型解析板块二高考真题感悟板块三模考题练手板块四课后习题训练一：题型解析1：词义猜测设题方式1．推断隐含意义2．推断观点态度3．推断写作目的4．推断文章出处5．推断下续内容2：解题思路1：推断隐含意义Question Forms :a.It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the text that ______.b.The story implies/suggests/indicates that ______.c.From the text, we know/learn that ______.解题技巧：1．Scanning，找到相关信息点2．Study reading，不但理解表层，而且要由表及里、由浅入深地分析3．推理，以文中提供的信息为依据，结合常识，作出符合逻辑的推断2：推断观点态度Question Forms :a.What’s the writer’s attitude toward ______?b.The writer thought / felt that ________.c.According to the author, _______.解题技巧：根据作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。

3：推断写作目的Question Forms :a.What is the purpose of writing this article?b.In writing the passage, the author intends to ______.c.The writer uses …to show that _____.d.…are mentioned in the first paragraph to ______.解题技巧：1. 找主旨2. 看文体――根据文章结构和措辞(1) to entertain readers常见于故事类的文章(2) to persuade readers常见于广告类的文章(3) to inform readers/offer information/tips多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.4：推断文章出处Question Forms :a.The passage is most likely to be taken from ______.b.The passage is most likely ______.解题技巧：这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处:A.报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。

B.广告:因其格式特殊,容易辨认。

C.产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。

D.网站：文中会出现click（点击），online（在线）, web（网络）, website（网址）等字眼。

5：推断下续内容Question Forms :a.The next paragraph would most probably deal with_______b.At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write _______.c.The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about_______.例题分析：1．把握作者写作思路2．把握文章结构，注意最后一段内容，特别是最后几句话。

二：高考真题感悟例题1：Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful youn g businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more st ill. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.1：What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?A.It is losing its traditions.B.It should speed up its progress.C.It should expand its population.D.It is becoming more international.2：Which statement will the author probably agree with?A. A city can be young and old at the same time.B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.C. Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.例题2：P2:Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.P3:They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.P4:In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.2：What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A.They enjoyed much respect.B.They had a room with a bathtub.C.They lived with the local kids.D.They suffered severe hardships.例题3：Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.3：What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.B.Drones’ability to work at high altitudes.C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.D.Drones’reliable performance in remote areas.例题4：Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.4：What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?A.We pay little attention to food waste.B.We waste food unintentionally at times.C.We waste more vegetables than meat.D.We have good reasons for wasting food.例题5：This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.5：What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?A It is key to effective communication.B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.三：模考题练手例题1：So, in 2013, Duncan, a web developer in Canada, set up a server to run a version of Minecraft only for children with autism and their families. He thought the invite-only server would attract 10 or 20 people, but hundreds requested to join in the first few days. Now, almost three years later, running the special version, Autcraft, is his full-time job. The community has nearly 7000 members, along with a team of engineers to help manage its many activities. “Parents see such a benefit for themselves and their children,”says Duncan.1：What can we learn about Autcraft from Paragraph 3?A. It has about 7,000 engineers.B. It was an unexpected success.C. It helped parents play with their kids.D. It remains accessible to all the people.例题2：The time a person spends on different smartphone apps is enough to identify them from a larger group in more than one in three cases, say researchers.Researchers analyzed smartphone data from 780 people. They fed 4,680 days of app usage data into statistical models. Each of these days was paired with one of the 780 users so that the models learned people’s daily app use patterns.The researchers then tested whether models could identify an individual when provided with only a single day of smartphone activity that was anonymous (匿名的). The models, which were trained on only six days of app usage data per person, could identify the correct person from a day of anonymous data one third of the time.2：How did the researchers reach their conclusion?A. By recording app use time.B. By studying app usage data.C. By comparing different apps.D. By changing app use patterns.例题3：In 2012, he and his wife moved with their one-year-old son to a small town 5 hours’ drive fromNairobi. They had limited electricity and running water. For 18 months, every time Bastawrous and his team set up their “mobile” eye c linic in yet another new location, they had to drag heavy, fragile hospital equipment cross-country. There was another problem, as one local doctor described it, “We don’t even have enough doctors and now you also want eye surgeons? That’s probably a pipe dream.”3：What can we infer about Bastawrous’s first 18 months in Africa?A. It’s hard and problematic.B. It’s challenging but fruitful.C. It’s adventurous and unrealistic.D. It’s fundamental but innovative.例题4：If having to make a choice between reading an e-book and a printed book, which would most people choose? Some would go for an e-book while some still prefer the hard-printed book.Undoubtedly, e-books do have benefits. Firstly, changes to an electronic publication are relatively easy to make. They are quicker to obtain. E-books are more easily updated. The printed books on many subjects can become outdated very quickly. Secondly, e-books can be easily and quickly kept up to date. You usually get far more than just the e-books. Most e-books are sold with bonuses and related information that usually do not come with the purchase of a printed book. Moreover, they take up less space. Instead of a big library, you can fit literally thousands of books on your computer. It also makes it easier to share this information with families and friends.4：What can we know about an e-book?A. It will never be out of date.B. It always gives you an added bonus.C. It can deliver information quickly.D. It has taken the place of printed books.例题5：Now you can have polar bears as pen friends. First you need to find one, then tranquilize it and quickly give it the necessary tools before it wakes up. It’s an awkward first encounter — how many friendships do you know that start with tranquilizers? — and admittedly a one-sided correspondence, but soon they’ll be sending messages daily.Every morning, Jon Aars, a senior researcher at the Nowegian Polar Institute, receives a bunch of emails from several female polar bears, letting him know where they are. Each year, Aars and his colleagues fit around 70 polar bears with a tracking collar which continuously logs movement. Once a day the collar makes a satellite call, sending the last 24 hours of data bac k to the Institute. “Data about movement has been very important to understand how they might respond to climate change,” Aars explains.5：What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1?A.Provide some key facts about polar bears.B.Explain how to deal with wild polar bears.C.Suggest ways to save tranquilized polar bears.D.Describe how to get polar bears ready for tracking.四：课后习题训练Passage AEmerging economies struggled to grow through the 2010s and pessimism covers them now. People wonder how they will pay debts during the COVID-19 and how they can grow rapidly as they did in the past in an era of deglobalisation (去全球化).The freshest of many answers to this issue is the fast-spreading digital revolution. The digital revolution is already as progressive in emerging economies as developed ones. Among the top 30 nations by income from digitalservices as a share of gross domestic product(GDP), 16 are in the emerging world. Indonesia, for example, is further advanced by this measure than France or Canada. And since 2017, digital income has been growing in emerging countries at an average annual pace of 26 percent, compared with 11 percent in the developed ones.How can it be that poorer nations are adopting common digital technologies faster than the rich? One explanation is habit and its absence. In societies filled with physical stores and services, customers are often comfortable with them and slow to abandon the providers. In countries where people have difficulty even finding a bank or a doctor, they will jump at the first digital option that comes along. Outsiders have a hard time grasping the impact digital services can have on underserved (服务不足的)populations. Nations lacking in schools, hospitals and banks can quickly bridge these gaps by establishing online services. Though only 5 percent of Kenyans carry credit cards, more than 70 percent have access to digital banking.It’s early days, to o. As economist Carlota Perez has shown, tech revolutions last a long time. Innovations like the car and the steam engine were still transforming economies half a century later. Now, the fading era of globalisation will limit the number of emerging markets, but the era of rapid digitisation has only just begun. This offers many developing economies a revolutionary new path to catch up with the living standards of the developed world.4. What can we know about the digital revolution?A. It increases people’s debts in deglobalisation.B. It prevents emerging economy from developing.C. It advances in emerging and developed economies.D. It develops most rapidly in Indonesia in terms of GDP.5. Where are people more willing to accept digital services?A. In economies lacking in online services.B. In countries short of basic physical facilities.C. In nations with adequate stores and services.D. In societies easy to access doctors and banks.6. What does the author think of the future of digitisation?A. Stable.B. Hopeful.C. Depressing.D. Challenging.7. What’s the main idea of the text?A. Digital technology saves emerging economies.B. Deglobalisation limits technology revolutions.C. Emerging economies struggle in the pandemic.D. Digital revolution grows better in globalisation.Passage BLiu Yang, China’s first female astronaut, reportedly, has touched the hearts of millions with a letter to her two children that was made public after she set off into space for the second time earlier this month.“You’re my strongest armor (盔甲) and softest spot. I didn’t allow you to see me off at the launch site because I was afraid that I would burst into tears, ”Liu wrote in the letter to her daughter, 8, and son, 6, just days before being launched into space for the second time on June 5 on the Shenzhou XIV mission.Liu, 43, became China’s first female astronaut in 2012, when she spent 13 days in space during the Shenzhou IX mission. During the Shenzhou XIV mission, she will stay at the Tiangong space station for six months,working with two male colleagues to complete the construction of the station.Many people said that Liu’s words allowed them to see that a national hero is also an ordinary mother, and they wished for her safe return.“Liu fully expressed her love for her children in the letter. It brought tears to my eyes,” commented one netizen on Sina Weibo, China’s Twitter-like micro-blogging platform.“I feel more confident and relaxed," Liu told the media ahead of the launch of the Shenzh ou XIV mission.“When I was about to return to the orbital module during the Shenzhou IX mission, I stopped and turned around to salute (致敬) the experimental space station module that I stayed in. At that moment, I told myself that I would come back to spa ce in the near future. I didn’t expect the ‘near future’ to be a decade long,” Liu said.In the letter, she encouraged her children not to be afraid of failure while pursuing their dreams. Liu added that she felt sorry that she could not be there for her s on on his first day at primary school. “Although I cannot be with you, I won’t love you any less,” she wrote in the letter. “My babies, if you miss me, just look up into the starry sky. Every time you see the stars twinkle, it’s because I’ m saying ‘I love you’.”1．What is the common reason for Liu’s and netizen’s tears?A．Liu’s affection for her children.B．Liu’s indifferent expressions.C．Liu’s separation from her family.D．Liu’s refusal to meet with her kids.2．Which of the following best describes Liu taking over the Shenzhou XIV mission?A．Considerate and excited. B．Talkative and expectant.C．Ready and honest. D．Confident and equipped.3．What is Liu’s purpose of writing this letter?A．To encourage kids to try. B．To say goodbye to her children.C．To catch public attention. D．To praise the spirit of space.4．From which is the text probably taken?A．A science magazine. B．A woman autobiography.C．A Chinese textbook. D．A news coverage.Passage CSince the beginning of the China chic(中国风) fever roughly two years ago, Chinese elements have become increasingly popular among young illustrators and designers. From Chinese YouTuber Li Ziqi to the design of clothes to furniture, Chinese aesthetics(美学) can be found everywhere. Wu Yao, a well-known Chinese illustrator and designer, said in an interview that the emergence of China chic is in fitting with the times and provides ordinary consumers, both Chinese and foreign, with a channel and opportunity to learn about Chinese tradition.The fundamental reason for the popularity of China chic comes from the all-covering nature of Chinese art. For instance, Chinese paintings have an extensive range of subjects and styles. There are a lot of French artists or fashion masters who have a lot of Chinese collections at home.Some experts say that Chinese millennials(千禧一代) are a generation who grew up with the revival of Chinese culture. They are confident in their own culture, pay more attention to quality, innovation, personal experience and are willing to experience multiculturalism. Therefore a sense of identity and confidence in traditional culture began to emerge among them.At the same time, to satisfy the Chinese market, a lot of foreign brands introduced products with Chinese elements such as "tiger bags" or clothing printed with flowers popular in Northeast China. However, it seems that Chinese consumers are not buying these products. This is due to the designer of these products' lack of understanding of Chinese culture. They don't know the stories of these cultural relics, so they define a Chinese style according to their own understanding."They don't take our traditional culture as seriously as we do. As Chinese designers, we carefully search literature, learn traditional culture and do much work before each creation, but they do not care so much about this," Wu noted.1．Why is Li Ziqi mentioned?A．To praise Li Ziqi for her great success.B．To give an example of Chinese aesthetics.C．To show her influence on Chinese aesthetics.D．To attract more people to know and follow her.2．What makes China chic so popular?A．More art collectors' emergence.B．The easier access to Chinese art.C．The wide coverage of Chinese art.D．People's improved aesthetic standards.3．What might Wu Yao advise foreign designers to do?A．Take their profession more seriously.B．Change their attitude toward the China chic.C．Create more products with Chinese elements.D．Learn more about Chinese traditional culture.4．What is mainly talked about in the text?A．The characteristics of Chinese aesthetics.B．The popularity of China chic in the world.C．The challenges facing young artists in China.D．The distinctions between Chinese and other aesthetics.目录内容板块一名校模拟题板块二省市联考题板块三篇章训练题名校模拟题（云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考卷二）To ease the problem of loneliness, Sainsbury’s has launched “Talking Tables,”which are reserved spaces where people can have a chat. They appear in a variety of formats. A sign-posted table located in cafés in-store is one of them. The concept has been developed in close association with Chatty Café. Alexandra Hoskyn was inspired to start a network of Chatty Cafés in the U. K. in 2017 after finding herself socially isolated as a new mother at home with young children.“We know from our Living Well Index that community connections are a key driver of helping people live well,”says Judith Batchelar, director of Sainsbury’s brand. “We hope that by bringing people together at our ‘Talking Tables,’we can develop the potential of our store space to help people be better connected to the communities they live and work in.”1：What can we infer from the text?A. “Talking Table”is a pioneer in the UK.B. “Talking Table”was inspired by some new mothers.C. Friendliness can change British habits directly.D. “Talking Table”can produce a sense of belonging.（湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考一）My daughter was being thrown out of the sixth grade. The teacher said, “She may not be up to what we’re trying to accomplish.”He was really saying she didn’t have the intelligence. I got mad because I knew she was smart, just as my father had known I was smart when I was failing in school. We had her tested. I decided to get myself tested as well, and found that the troubles she was having were exactly what I had had —dyslexia. By then I was a successful television writer, and had won an Emmy Award for “The Rockford Files.”If I had known earlier that something beyond my control could explain why I was a low achiever, I may not have worked so hard in my late 20s and early 30s. I was writing and writing. I was working for no other reason than to hear people praise me, because I did badly in all my courses.2：We can learn from the second paragraph that the writer________.A. struggled and got better gradesB. didn’t work hard when he was youngC. was praised for overcoming dyslexiaD. was thankful not knowing of dyslexia earlier（江苏省扬州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期9月双周练）People with a rare genetic disorder known as Prader-Willi syndrome never feel full, and this excess hunger can lead to life-threatening obesity (肥胖症). Scientists studying the problem have now found that the fist-shaped structure known as the cerebellum (小脑) -- which had not previously been linked to hunger -- is key to regulating satiation (饱食) in those with this condition.This finding is the latest in a series of discoveries revealing that the cerebellum, long thought to be primarily involved in movement harmony, also plays a broad role in cognition, emotion and behavior. “We’ve opened up a whole field of cerebellar control of food intake,”says Albert Chen, a neuroscientist at the Scintillon Institute in California.3：Before the recent study, what had scientists assumed?A. The cerebellum helped control everyday food intake.B. The cerebellum played a minor role in movement harmony.C. The cerebellum had nothing to do with appetite regulation.D. The cerebellum had a direct link to behavioral development.（湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考卷二）Participants in the control group took more frequent walks than those people in the awe group, the researchers discovered. But walking more didn’t result in positive changes in emotional health or in the way their selfies were taken. This suggests that the results were mainly due to experiencing awe, and not just in spending time exercising.4：What can we know from the last paragraph?A. Experiencing awe counts.B. More walks, more joy.C. Exercises can benefit us.D. Awe comes with walking.（黑龙江双鸭山一中2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试）A Ghanaian man who once made jewelry from glass is now using old glass to make new art. He hopes to reduce glass waste and help the environment in his country. If glass artist Michael Tetteh can earn some money by doing it, he will be happy, too.Tetteh learned the art of glass blowing during a visit to Europe in 2012. He went to see people who knew about glass blowing in the Netherlands and France and learned to make many-colored, artistic flower holders or water carriers. Many years later, Tetteh has his own workplace where he melts broken glass from waste centers and turns it into art. He looks for broken glass from old televisions or bottles and melts it down in a large round container known as a kiln (窑). The kiln gets very hot, nearly1,500 ℃, and turns the old glass into hot liquid.5：What does the author want to show by telling Tetteh’s story?A. We waste more glass than before.B. We can make a profit from glass.C. We pay little attention to the glass.D. We can turn old glass into art.（宁夏银川市第一中学2021-2022学年高三上学期第三次月考英语试题）Baleen whales, which have no teeth, feed by eating huge amounts of ocean, filtering (过滤) out the water and eating the creatures they capture. Toothed whales, like sperm whales (抹香鲸), hunt individual fish, so the ocean changes that made food less evenly (平均地) spread out didn’t affect them as much. “If you are a whale, the easiest way to take advantage of resources is to get big,”Slater said. But baleen whales hunt schools of fish. Olivier Lambert at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, who wasn’t part of the study, calls it “a really convincing situation”. But he said the lack of fossils in certain time periods is an issue. As oceans warm from man-made climate change, the sea will be more like it was when the whales were smaller and they will have a more difficult time surviving, Slater and others said.6：What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Olivier Lambert thinks the study is perfect.B. Global warming has threatened the whales.C. The whales may become even bigger.D. There are no whale fossils now.（福建省连城县第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期暑期月考英语试题）It’s amazing to see this youngster using her brains and business skills for good. And she should certainly feel proud of the work she is doing. After all, plastic grocery bags are killing thousands of marine animals every year through their contribution to plastic waste. According to The Earth Institute, over one trillion plastic bags are used worldwide annually —that’s about two million bags used per minute around the world.And those bags certainly don’t disappear into thin air. Instead, they end up in our oceans, putting approximately 700 marine species in danger of extinction due to the threat from pollution. And plastic bags are just one of the many forms of plastic trash that ends up in the oceans —in fact, an astonishing 8. 8 million tons of this material make their way from land to the oceans every single year.7.Why are figures mentioned in the third and fourth paragraphs?A.To praise Zymal for her great efforts.B.To urge readers to stop using plastics.C.To stress the seriousness of plastic pollution.D.To show the rich knowledge of the author.省市联考题（2022广东梅州·二模）In simple terms, e-CNY can be considered “money”, while electronic payments are like “wallets”. The successful launch of the e-CNY may change the existing market structure, which is mainly dominated by Alipay and WeChat Pay now. The banks may return to a leading position in the digital currency system. But China’s central bank won’t get more money into circulation, since every yuan issued digitally will basically cancel one yuan circulating in physical form.1. How does climate change affect polar bears?A. They are forced to move south.B. They have trouble finding food.C. Their habitats are too hot to live up.D. Their cubs fail to adapt to the climate.（广东深圳·二模）At seven, she was spotted by coach Xu Yilong, who found Wang quick in her playful behaviour. As the only girl in the boys' team, Wang's performances were impressive, earning her the nickname “Iron Girl. ” And soon, she sensed the sport's power. Football allowed her to “release herself" and realize “whatever happens, football never leaves you alone. ”However，life was never smooth sailing. The constant jibes(嘲讽)from some people, who always tried to push her down and destroy her hopes, affected her so deeply that she lost confidence. “They w ere saying I had no talent at all. Gradually, I felt really so. ”Wang once wrote. But never did she stop playing. When she was called up to the national team, aged 17, Wang thought, “Me? Are you sure?” When a world-famous club wanted to sign her, she was “excited that an excellent coach thought I was good. ” It was only then that she felt confident in her abilities. “I felt recognized. Perhaps I had a bit of talent after all. ”2：How did Wang regain faith in her abilities?A. By winning recognition.B. By obtaining inspiration.。