最新汽车常用术语

1、汽车类型：the type of automobile

汽车：motor vehicle，automobile

载货车：truck 微型货车：mini-truck 轻型货车：

light-truck

中型货车：medium truck 重型货车：heavy truck 越野车：off-road vehicle

自卸车：dump truck 牵引车：towing vehicle

专用汽车：special purpose vehicle 客车：bus 轿车：passenger car

微型轿车：mini-car 普通级轿车：subcompact car 中级轿车：compact car

中高级轿车：intermediate car 高级轿车：limousine car

2、汽车尺寸：dimension of vehicle

车长：vehicle length 车宽：vehicle width 车高：vehicle height

轴距：wheel space 轮距：track 前悬：front overhang

后悬: rear overhang 最小离地间隙：ground clearance

车轮外倾：camber angle 主销内倾: kingpin inclination 前束 toe-in

3、发动机：engine

发动机总体构造和工作原理：the construction and working principle

汽油机gasoline engine 柴油机 diesel engine

四冲程发动机four-stroke engine 单(多)缸发动机 single(multi)-cylinder engine 立（斜、卧）式发动机 vertical (inclined、horizontal) engine

工作循环 working process

进气（压缩、膨胀、排气）行程 suction(compression、 expansion 、exhaust) stroke 点火次序 firing order 上（下）止点 top(bottom) dead centre

活塞行程 piston stroke 气缸工作容积 piston swept volume

发动机排量 engine swept volume 充气系数 volumetric efficiency

配气相位 valve timing 压缩比 compression ratio

直接喷射 direct injection 间接喷射 indirect injection

喷油压力injection pressure 电控喷射 electronic-controlled injection

雾化 atomization 混合气浓度 mixture concentration

可燃混合气 combustible mixture 空燃比 air-fuel ratio

过量空气系数 excess air ratio 燃烧室 combustion chamber

压燃 compression ignition 点燃 spark ignition

抗暴性 antiknock quality 增压中冷 inter-cooling

负荷 load 空载 no-load

工况 working condition

曲柄连杆机构：connecting rods and crankshaft

缸盖 cylinder head 气缸 cylinder

缸体 cylinder block 缸套 cylinder liner

油底壳 oil pan 活塞 piston

活塞环(销) piston ring(pin) 气（油）环 compression(oil control) ring

连杆 connecting rod 曲柄 crank

曲轴 crankshaft 飞轮 flywheel

配气机构：valve gear

凸轮（轴）cam(camshaft) 进（排）气阀 inlet (exhaust) valve

挺柱 tappet 推杆 push-rod

摇臂 rocker arm

燃油供给系统：fuel system

柱塞（转子）式喷油泵 jerk fuel injection pump

喷油器 injector 调速器 governor

发动机调速系统：engine speed governing

排放控制系统：emission control system

发动机冷却系统：engine cooling system

发动机润滑系统：engine lubrication system

发动机点火系统：engine ignition system

发动机起动系统：engine starting system

4、汽车底盘术语

离合器：clutch

摩擦离合器 friction clutch（单盘single plate、双盘twin double plate、多盘

multi-plate、膜片弹簧diaphragm spring、自动automatic、电磁electromagnetic）

离合器操纵机构 clutch operation

压盘 pressure plate

分离杆 release lever 分离筒 release sleeve

离合器盖 clutch cover 从动盘 clutch plate

从动盘毂 clutch plate hub 分离弹簧（轴承）release spring(thrust bearing)

中间压盘 center plate 压紧弹簧 pression

减振弹簧 damping spring 摩擦片 plate friction lining

扭转减振器 torsional damping arrangement

变速器：transmission, gearbox

机械式变速器 mechanical transmission

自动变速器 automatic transmission

主（副）变速器 basic(splitter) transmission

行星齿轮变速器planetary transmission

液力偶合器 fluid coupling

液力变矩器torque converter

万向传动装置：

十字轴（非等速、等速、准等速、挠性、双联、球销、球笼）万向节 cardan (nonconstant velocity、constant velocity、near constant velocity、flexible、double cardan、ball and trunnion、rzeppa) universal joint

十字轴总成 cross assembly

万向节叉yoke

驱动桥：driving axle

断开（非断开）式驱动桥 divided (rigid) drive axle

单（双）级主减速器 single (double) reduction final axle

齿轮（防滑、自锁、摩擦）差速器 gear (limited-slip、self-locking、multi-disc) differential 桥壳 axle housing

全浮（半浮）式半轴 full-floating (semi-floating) axle shaft

转向系：steering system

机械（动力）转向系manual (power) steering system 转向器 steering gear

转向盘(轴、操纵机构) steering wheel (shaft、control mechanism)

循环球-齿条齿扇（齿轮齿条）式转向器 recirculating ball-rack and sector (rack and pinion ) steering gear

正（逆）效率 forward(reverse) efficiency

行驶系：running system

独立（非独立）悬架 indepenndent (rigid axle) suspension

钢板（螺旋、扭杆、空气、橡胶、油气）弹簧 leaf(coil、torsion bar、air、rubber、