湖南省长郡中学2015届高三第一次月考
湖南省长郡中学2015届高三月考(一)(数学理)
湖南省长郡中学2015届高三月考试卷(一)数 学(理科)总分:150分 时量:120分钟一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的,请将所选答案填在答题卡中对应位置.1.如果复数212bii-+(其中i 为虚数单位,b 为实数)的实部和虚部互为相反数,那么b = ( ) A. 2 B. 23 C. 23- D. 2【解】选 C.直接法 由222(4)125bi b b i i ---+=+,依题有2240b b ---=,即23b =-. 2.用简单随机抽样的方法从含有100个个体的总体中依次抽取一个容量为5的样本,则个体m 被抽到的概率为( )A.1100 B.120 C.199D.150 【解】选B.直接法 由抽样的公平性可知,每个个体入样的概率均为5110020P ==. 3.设偶函数满足()24(0)x f x x =-≥,则{|()0}x f x >=( ) A. {|24}x x x <->或 B. {|04}x x x <>或 C. {|22}x x x <->或D. {|06}x x x <>或【解】选C.直接法 当0x ≥时,由()240x f x =->,得2x >,由图象对称性可知选C. 4.若21()n x x-展开式中的所有二项式系数之和为512,则该开式中常数项为( ) A. 84-B. 84C. 36-D. 36【解】选B.直接法 由二项式系数之和为2512n =,即9n =,又18319(1),r r r r T C x -+=- 令1830r -=,则6r =故常数项为784T =.5.设条件:|2|3p x -<,条件:0q x a <<,其中a 为正常数.若p 是q 的必要不充分条件,则a 的取值范围是( ) A. (0,5]B. (0,5)C.[5,+∞)D. (5,+∞) 【解】选A.直接法 由条件p 对应的集合为(1,5)A =-,条件q 对应(0,)(0)B a a =>.且依题意A B =≠=⊃, 可知5a ≤,又0a >,故05a <≤.6.按照如图所示的程序运行,已知输入的x 的值为21log 3+,输出y 否 是x ≥4? 12()x y =x =x +1结束开始 输入x则输出y 的值为( )A. 112 B.38 C. 712D. 1124【解】选 A.直接法 由于输入的初始值为21log 34+<,故 221log 312log 3x =++=+,即2log 3211111()()224312y =⨯=⨯=.故选A.7.已知一个几何体的三视图及有关数据如图所示, 则该几何体的体积为( )A. 23B.433 C. 3 D. 233【解】选B.逆推法 由该几何体的 三视图可以借用长方体将其还原 为直观图如右所示,(由简到繁)由俯视图→侧视图→正视图→直观图, 其为四棱锥P ABCD -,所以143333P ABCD ABCD V S -=⨯=矩,选B.8.设2(),0,()1,0x a x f x x a x x -≤⎧⎪=⎨++>⎪⎩,若(0)f 是()f x 的最小值,则a 的取值范围为( ) A. [-1,2]B. [-1,0]C. [1,2]D. [0,2]【解】选 D.直接法 当0a <时,显然(0)f 不是()f x 的最小值,当0a ≥时,可知0x ≤时, 2()(0)f x f a ≥=,而当0x >时,1()2f x x a a x=++≥+,依题意22a a +≥,得12a -≤≤, 所以02a ≤≤即求.9.已知锐角A 是ABC ∆的一个内角,,,a b c 是三角形中各角的对应边,若221sin cos 2A A -=,则下列各式正确的是( )A. 2b c a +=B. 2b c a +<C. 2b c a +≤D. 2b c a +≥【解】选 C.直接法 由221sin cos 2A A -=得,1cos22A =-,又A 为锐角,故02A π<<, 于是223A π=,即3A π=.于是由余弦定理有2222()3a b c bc b c bc =+-=+-, 即22223()()()44b c a b c b c +≥+-+=,解得2a b c ≥+,选C.【一点开心】事实上在ABC ∆中,如果三边,,a b c 成等差或等比数列,即22b a c b ac =+=或,正视图1 12222 侧视图俯视图那么我们都可以结合重要不等式知识得到60B ≤.本题考查的是其逆向问题.10.如图,圆O 的半径为1,A 是圆上的定点,P 是圆上的动点,角x 的始边为射线OA ,终边为射线OP ,过点P 作直线 OA 的垂线,垂足为M ,将点M 到直线OP 的距离表示为x 的函数()f x ,则()y f x =在[0,]π上的图象大致为( )【解】选C.等面积法 由OP HM PM OM ⋅=⋅,于是HM PM OM =⋅,由三角函数线有,1|s i n ||c o s||s i n 2|2H M x x x =⋅=,于是1()|sin2|2f x x =的最大值为1,22T π=,故选C.二、填空题:本大题共5小题,共25分,把答案填在答题卡中对应题号后的横线上. 11.已知直线的极坐标方程为2sin()42πρθ+=,则极点到直线的距离为 . 【解】填22.直接法 由2sin()42πρθ+=化为直角坐标方程为1x y +=,于是极点 (0,0)O 到该直线的距离为|1|222d ==,即求. 12.设,,x y z 均为正数,满足230x y z -+=,则2y xz的最小值是 .【解】填 3 .综合法 由230x y z -+=可化为23y x z =+,得224(3)43y x z x z =+≥⋅,其中运用了重要不等式的变形式2()4,,a b ab a b R +≥∈,故23y xz≥(当3x z =时取等号). 13.数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,若*111,3,n n a a S n N +==∈,则2014a = . 【解】填201234⨯.注意:若填为201234⋅形式则视为错误,得分为0.直接法 由*111,3,n n a a S n N +==∈……①,可推出,21133,3,2n n a a a S n -===≥……② ①-②式得,14,2n n a a n +=≥,于是224n n a a -=⨯,2n ≥,故2012201434a =⨯. 【反思总结】你这次做到(到位)注意定义域了吗?14.若,x y 满足约束条件10,22,2x y y x y +-≥⎧⎪≥-⎨⎪≤⎩,且z kx y =+取得最小值的点有无数个,则k = .【解】填 1或-2 .综合-分析法 首先作出可行域如右图: 又目标函数:()l y k x z =-+,依题意0k -≠,所以①当0k ->,即0k <时,依题意有目标直线//l BC 时,当其运动至与BC 重合时,最优解有无数个,符合题意,即2k -=,即2k =-;AP M HO x x O A 1 π y x O B 1 π y x OC 1 π y x O D1π y CAB1 O y =1-xxy y =2x -22②同理当0k -<,即0k >时,必有//l AB ,即1k -=-,即1k =, 综上①②可知,1k =或 2-为所求.15.已知椭圆22221(0)x y a b a b +=>>的离心率为63,过椭圆上一点M 作直线MA MB 、分别交椭圆于A B 、两点,且斜率为12k k 、,若点A B 、 关于原点对称,则12k k ⋅的值为 .【解】填13-.综合法 由222619b e a =-=,得2213b a =,如右图所示, 取BM 中点D ,连结OD ,则由代点求差公式几何意义知,2213O D B Mb k ka ⋅=-=-,又//OD AM ,故1OD k k =,即1213k k ⋅=- 【一点开心】显然,本题有一般性结论,即过椭圆2222:1()x ya b a bΓ+=≠的中心的任一条直线l 交椭圆Γ于A B 、两点,P 是椭圆Γ上异于A B 、的任意一点,且当PA PB k k 、都存在时,则有22PA PB b k k a⋅=-.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共75分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤. 16.(本小题满分12分)2014年巴西世界杯的志愿者中有这样一组志愿者:有几个人只通晓英语,还有几个人只通晓俄语,剩下的人只通晓法语,已知从中任抽一人恰是通晓英语的概率为12,恰是通晓俄语的人的概率为310,且通晓法语的人数不超过3人. (Ⅰ)求这组志愿者的人数; (Ⅱ)现从这组志愿者中选出通晓英语、俄语和法语的志愿者各1人,若甲通晓俄语,乙通晓法语,求甲和乙不全被选中的概率; (Ⅲ)现从这组志愿者中抽取3人,求3人所会的语种数X 的分布列. 【解】(Ⅰ)设通晓英语、俄语、法语人分别有,,x y z 人,且*,,,3x y z N z ∈≤;则依题意有1,23,10x x y z y x y z ⎧=⎪++⎪⎨⎪=⎪++⎩,即,733,x y z y x z =+⎧⎨=+⎩…………………………………………2分消去x 得,*32zy N =∈,当且仅当2z =时,3y =符合正整数条件, 所以5x =,也即这组志愿者有10人;………………………………………………………3分 (Ⅱ)记事件A 为“甲、乙不全被选中”,则A 的对立事件A 表示“甲、乙全被选中”, 于是1155()1()15326P A P A ⨯⨯=-=-=⨯⨯;…………………………………………………7分(Ⅲ)随机变量X 的可能取值为1,2,3,且由古典概型知33212121535537283310101179(1),(2)120120C C C C C C C C P X P X C C +++====== AMBDOy x11153231030(3)120C C C P X C ===.………………………………………………………………11分 所以随机变量X 的分布列如下: . ……………………………………………………………12分17.(本小题满分12分) 如图,点A 是单位圆与x 轴的正半轴的交点,点13(,)22B -. (Ⅰ)若AOB α∠=,求sin 2α;(Ⅱ)设点P 为单位圆上的动点,点Q 满足,OQ OA OP =+2(),62AOP ππθθ∠=≤≤()f OB OQ θ=⋅,求()f θ的取值范围.【解】(Ⅰ)由三角函数定义可知31sin ,cos 22y x r r αα====-, 所以313sin 22sin cos 2()222ααα==⨯⨯-=-,即求…………………………………5分 (Ⅱ)由三角函数定义知(cos2,sin 2)P θθ,所以(1cos2,sin2),OQ OA OP θθ=+=+所以131()(1cos 2)sin 2sin(2)2262f OB OQ πθθθθ=⋅=-++=--, 又因62ππθ≤≤,故52666πππθ≤-≤,即1sin(2)126πθ≤-≤,于是10()2f θ≤≤,所以()f θ的取值范围是1[0,]2.……………………………………12分18.(本小题满分12分)直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,5,4,3,AB AC BC ===14AA =,点D 在AB 上.(Ⅰ)若D 是AB 中点,求证:1//AC 平面1B CD ; (Ⅱ)当13BD AB =时,求二面角1B CD B --的余弦值. 【解】(Ⅰ)连接1BC 交1B C 于点E ,连接DE , 因为直三棱柱中侧面11BCC B 为矩形,所以 E 为1BC 的中点,又D 是AB 中点,于是1//DE AC ,且D E ⊂面1B CD ,1AC ⊄面1B CD ,X 12 3 P11120 79120 14 A O PQBxyACDBC 1A 1B 1AC DBC 1 A 1B 1 E所以1//AC 平面1B CD ;…………………………6分 (Ⅱ)由5,4,3,AB AC BC ===知90ACB ∠=,即AC CB ⊥, 又直三棱柱中1AA ⊥面ABC ,于是以C 为原点建立空间 直角坐标系C xyz -如右图所示,于是1(3,0,0),(3,0,4)B B , 又13BD AB =,由平面几何易知4(2,,0)3D ,显然平面BCD 的一个法向量为1(0,0,1)=n , 又设平面1B CD 的一个法向量为2(,,)x y z =n ,则由212(3,0,4),4(2,,0),3CB CD ⎧⊥=⎪⎨⊥=⎪⎩n n ,得340,4203x x y +=⎧⎪⎨+=⎪⎩, 解得4,23x y =-=,取1z =,则24(,2,1)3=-n ,设二面角1B CD B --的平面角为θ, 则1212||3361|cos |||||6161θ⋅===⨯n n n n ,又由图知θ为锐角, 所以其余弦值为36161.…………………………………………………………………12分19.(本小题满分13分)在数列{}n a 中,已知*111,21,n n a a a n n N +=-=-+∈. (Ⅰ)求证:{}n a n -是等比数列; (Ⅱ)令,2nn n na b S =为数列{}n b 的前n 项和,求n S 的表达式. 【解】(Ⅰ)证明:由*111,21,n n a a a n n N +=-=-+∈ 可得11(1)2(),120n n a n a n a +-+=--=-≠所以数列{}n a n -以是-2为首项,以2为公比的等比数列………………………………6分 (Ⅱ) 由(Ⅰ)得:1222n n n a n --=-⨯=-,所以2n n a n =-,12n nnb =- 所以12221212(1)(1)(1)()222222n n n n n nS b b b n =+++=-+-++-=+++- yxz A CDBC 1 A 1B 1令212222n n n T =+++,则2311122222n n n T +=+++, 两式相减得2311111111122222222n n n n n n nT ++=+++-=--, 所以222n n n T +=-,即222n n n S n +=--…………………………………………………13分20.(本小题满分13分)已知椭圆的一个顶点为(0,1)A -,焦点在x 轴上.若右焦点到直线220x y -+=的距离为3.(Ⅰ)求椭圆的方程; (Ⅱ)设椭圆与直线(0)y kx m k =+≠相交于不同的两点M N 、.当||||AM AN =时,求m 的取值范围.【解】(Ⅰ)依题意可设椭圆方程为2221x y a+=,右焦点22(,0),1F c c a =-,由题设|22|32c +=,得2c =,故2213a c =+=;故椭圆的方程为2213x y +=………5分(Ⅱ)如右图所示,设1122(,),(,)M x y N x y ,MN 的中点为00(,)P x y , 则由||||AM AN =可知AP MN ⊥,即0121212011(2)()0,0y k k y y x x x x x +⋅=-⇔++++=+≠, 可化为212(1)()2(1)0k x x k m ++++=,且120x x +≠……① …………………………8分 又由22,33,y kx m x y =+⎧⎨+=⎩得222(31)63(1)0k x kmx m +++-= 则22223612(31)(1)0k m k m ∆=-+->得2231m k <+……② 且1226031kmx x k +=-≠+,得0m ≠……③………………………………………………10分③式代入①式得,226(1)2(1)031kmk k m k -+++=+, 化简得2231m k =+1>,得12m >,又代入②式得,22m m <,解得02m <<,综上可得122m <<,即为所求...…………………………………………………………13分21.(本小题满分13分)已知函数()ln 3()f x a x ax a R =--∈. (Ⅰ)求函数()f x 的单调区间;(Ⅱ)若函数()y f x =的图象在点(2,(2))f 处的切线的倾斜角为45,对于任意的[1,2]t ∈,函数几何条件转化,化归为韦达定理形式!常规运算,注意判别式大于0是韦达定理存在的前提!Ax NMyPO32()[()]2mg x x x f x '=++在区间(,3)t 上总不是单调函数,求m 的取值范围; (Ⅲ)求证:*ln2ln3ln4ln 1(2,)234n n N n n⨯⨯⨯⨯<≥∈.【解】(Ⅰ)由(1)()(0)a x f x x x-'=>,.………………………………………………………1分①当0a >时,显然01x <<时,()0f x '>,当1x >时,()0f x '<,所以此时()f x 的单调递增区间为(0,1),递减区间为(1,)+∞,②同理当0a <时, ()f x 的单调递增区间为(1,)+∞,递减区间为(0,1),③当0a =时,()3f x =-不是单调函数;.……………………………………………………4分(Ⅱ)由题知,(2)12af '=-=,得2a =-,所以()2ln 23f x x x =-+-. 所以32()(2)2,02mg x x x x x =++->,且2()3(4)2,0g x x m x x '=++->,……………6分令()0g x '=时,可知2(4)240m ∆=++>恒成立,即()0g x '=一定有两个不等实根12,x x , 且注意到12203x x =-<,所以不妨设120x x <<,又0x >,于是可知 20x x <<时,()0g x '<,又2x x >时,()0g x '>即()g x 在2(0,)x 上递减,在2(,)x +∞上递增,依题意可知2(,3)x t ∈,于是只须2()03(4)20(3)03370g t t m t g m '<++-<⎧⎧⇔⎨⎨'>+>⎩⎩,…………………………………………7分 又以上事实对[1,2]t ∈恒成立.故(1)50(2)21803370g m g m m '=+<⎧⎪'=+<⎨⎪+>⎩,得3793m -<<-;……………9分(Ⅲ)分析:要证*ln2ln3ln4ln 1(2,)234n n N n n⨯⨯⨯⨯<≥∈成立, 即证ln 2ln3ln 4ln 123(1),2n n n ⨯⨯⨯⨯<⨯⨯⨯⨯-≥,也即证,ln 1,n n n <-≥2成立,而这是我们众所周知的超越不等式,下面用综合法证明. 证明过程: 由(Ⅰ)知当1a =-时,()ln 3f x x x =-+-在(1,)+∞上递增,所以()ln 3(1)2ln 1,1f x x x f x x x =-+->=-⇔<->………………………………11分 也所以在上式中分别令2,3,4,,x n =得, ln 21,ln32,ln 43,,ln 1,2n n n <<<<-≥, 以上同向正数．．不等式相乘得ln 2ln3ln 4ln 123(1),2n n n ⨯⨯⨯⨯<⨯⨯⨯⨯-≥两边同除以!n 得,*ln2ln3ln4ln 1(2,)234n n N n n⋅⋅⨯⨯<≥∈,即证.…………………13分。
湖南省长郡中学2015届高三月考(一)地理试题(WORD版)
湖南省长郡中学2015届高三月考（一）地理试卷本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。
时量90分钟，满分100分。
第Ⅰ卷选择题（共50分）一、选择题（本大题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
）经过地球球心的一条直线与地表相交的两点互为对跖点。
已知甲地(30°S,45°E)和乙地互为对跖点。
读图，回答1～2题。
1. 与乙地经纬度相同的是A．①B．②C．③D．④2. 关于①②③④地理位置的正确叙述是A. ①位于西半球B. ②位于低纬度C. ③位于大西洋D. ④位于南温带读某地等高线图（等高距：50米），回答3～4题。
3. 图中河流的流向是A. 自东北向西南B. 自西北向东南C. 自西南向东北D. 自东南向西北4. X点与Y点之间的相对高度可能是A. 250 m B．200 m C．150 m D．100 m北京时间2012年l0月25日23时33分，我国第16颗北斗导航卫星发射升空。
据此回答5～6题。
5. 北斗导航卫星发射升空时，智利首都圣地亚哥(33°26's，70°40'W)旗竿竿影（图中MM'所示）的朝向为A B C D6. 自北斗导航卫星发射之日起一个月内湖南长沙A. 正午太阳高度渐大B. 日出方位为东北方C. 昼短夜长且昼渐长D. 白昼时间比北京长下图为日本山河分布示意图以及富山市气温和降水季节分布示意图。
读图完成7～8题。
7. 关于富山市降水特征及其成因的叙述，正确的是A. 冬季降水丰富——处于冬季风迎风坡B. 降水季节分配较均匀——常年受西风带影响C. 夏季降水较少——与气压带、风带季节移动有关D. 降水总量丰富——常年受赤道低气压带控制8. 日本多山且河流众多，其河流A. 径流量丰富，利于航运B. 冬季多封冻C. 径流量季节变化明显，冬季断流D. 水能丰富，有利于发电下图为赤道上六大板块的分布示意图，①板块主要位于经度10°W～60°E之间。
湖南省长郡中学2015届高三月考试卷(三)历史试题
湖南省长郡中学2015届高三月考试卷（三）历史试题本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。
时间90分钟，满分100分。
第I卷选择题（共50分）一、选择题（本大题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题意的。
）1．有学者经研究发现，宋代经常出现县官职位空缺，无人愿意履职的现象，即使在江南富庶之地也同样如此。
出现这一现象最可能的原因是A．中央集权过度，地方权力衰弱B．文化教育落后，官僚人才缺乏C．商品经济发达，弃官从商普遍D．经济重心南移，文人弃北趋南2．明代文学家冯梦龙在《太平广记钞》中写到：“不若人生一男一女，永无增减。
若二男二女，每生加一倍，日增不减，何意养之？”该材料体现了A．小农经济下“多子多福”的生育观念B．明朝时期已经有了计划生育思想的萌芽C．冯梦龙受到道家“小国寡民”思想的影响D．明朝时期中国出现了严重的人口膨胀现象3．下图是出土的唐代初期文物“敦煌张文信租田契”的抄件片段。
据此可知当时张文信于康海多边【处】租取田五亩，直价【租价】一亩麦小一斛……若到六月（租价）不了者，一罚入康（海多）；若到种田之日，不得田佃者，一斛罚二斛入张文信。
两和立契书，画指为记。
契两本，各执一本。
田主康海多租田人张文信知见人翟寅武、白六洛、赵胡单A．土地租佃在全国普遍推广B．农耕经济开始向河西走廊扩展C．均田制已经被彻底废弃D．一些经济活动蕴含着契约意识4．“强调情感与理性的合理调节，以取得社会存在和个体身心的均衡稳定：不需要外在神灵的膜拜、非理性的狂热激情或追求超世的拯救，在此岸中达到济世救民和自我实现。
”下列思想与上述评论最相符的是A．天与人不相胜B．修身齐家平天下C．官无常贵而民无终贱D．治世不一道，变国不法古5．明代商人王现曾说：“夫商与士，异术而同心。
故善商者，处财货之场而修高明之行。
是故虽利而不污，故利以义制，名以清修，天之鉴也。
”（《故王文贤墓志铭》）对此理解准确的是A．商人致富要遵循道德规范B．经商和读书在方法上是一致的C．商人要向读书人学习文化D．经商成功后可以去研究学问或做官6．书法家张胜利认为，中国书法的至善境界是风行水上，自然成文。
炎德·英才大联考长郡中学2015届高三月考英语试题(一)
4' ? 2< 1 1 * ' 7' 7 = & ' >9 > ' ( 2 $ # ) 0 & " ' (" '( ) # * 0 , 0 * ) .+ 1 " # 2# & % * ) ." # 2 * 10 1 & 4' 5 . . $1 $ # 2 , A .) . $/ # . $ ' /) 3 / 7' : ) . B %) . $ . & & # ' > :' : ) 1 1 & .# * 1 , B < 1 $) . $ ' / ' '( ) # * & * ) ." # 2 & 1 , 2 , 1 2# 9 1 = * * ) . * 1 , B / / 4' C * & * 1 19 $ 1 # 0 ' 7' C * & 6 . $ # $ $ 1 +' >2 :' C *& . $ < . B * ' / :' 7 * # @ , ' >
长郡中学2014—2015学年第二学期语文第一次月考
长郡中学2014—2015学年第二学期第一次月考高一语文试卷参考答案语文温馨提示：请将客观题1—10题涂在答题卡1—10题位置上，主观题（含作文）11—19题工整书写在答题纸11—19题位置上。
第Ⅰ卷选择题部分（共30分）一、基础知识部分（1—7题，每小题3分，共21分）：1．下列词语中加点的字注音全都正确的一项是( )A．簇．拥（cù）朱拓．（tuò）霓．裳(ní) 悚．然（sǒng）琴弦．(xián) 吮．吸(shǔn) B．嫡．亲(dí) 幽咽．(yè) 暂．歇(zhàn) 溯．源(sù) 阜．盛(fù)惘．然(wǎnɡ) C．轩．昂(xuān) 惫．懒(bèi) 钿．头(diàn) 银篦．(bì) 和煦．(xù)飞湍．(tuān) D．间．或（jiān）敕．造(chì) 内帏．(wéi) 迁谪．(zhé) 收拨．(bō)喧豗．(huī)2．下列各组词语中没有错别字的一项是( )A．寒喧乖张撕杀雕粱画栋望帝啼鹃B．敷粉漱口杜馔敛声屏气内帏厮混C．酒觚帷幄溺爱敷衍塞责闻名暇迩D．咨嗟放诞蹒跚义愤填膺扪心自问3．下列划线成语，使用恰当的一句是()A．去年下半年以来，一些地方为完成节能减排目标，试图通过限制居民用电、企业停产“染绿政绩”，招致民意沸反盈天。
B．艰苦的物质生活使他百无聊赖，但他从未放弃自己的理想。
C这一批年轻的科学家，正以无所不为的勇气行进在追求科学真理的征程上。
D．李双江15岁少不更事的儿子打人事件，赚足了全国人民的目光，屡屡出现的“官二代”“富二代”“名二代”的丑闻，该引起我们对家庭、社会教育的反思了。
4．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是()A．大会期间，广大代表认真阅读领会《政府工作报告》的实质精神，提出了许多具有建设性的意见和建议。
2023—2024学年湖南省长郡中学高三上学期第一次月考生物试题
2023—2024学年湖南省长郡中学高三上学期第一次月考生物试题1.已知①唾液淀粉酶②ATP③干扰素④糖原⑤性激素⑥DNA都是人体内有重要作用的物质。
下列叙述正确的是（）A．①②③⑤⑥的元素组成都是C、H、O、N、PB．①③⑤都是由氨基酸通过肽键连接而成的C．①③④⑤⑥都是生物大分子，都以碳链作为基本骨架D．①②③④⑥都可水解2.在电子显微镜下，酵母菌和蓝细菌都能观察到的结构是（）A．核糖体和拟核B．细胞壁和内质网C．核糖体和细胞膜D．质粒和线粒体3.用洋葱根尖制作临时装片以观察细胞有丝分裂，如图为光学显微镜下观察到的视野。
下列叙述正确的是（）A．根尖解离后立即用甲紫溶液染色，以防解离过度B．图中a为分裂后期细胞，同源染色体发生了分离C．随着细胞分裂的完成，亲代细胞的遗传物质精确地平均分配到两个子细胞D．根尖培养过程中用DNA合成抑制剂处理后，分裂间期细胞所占比例升高4.关于表观遗传，下列叙述正确的是（）A．表观遗传学分子修饰只能发生在DNA上B．DNA上甲基化修饰的程度不同，可能导致子代个体基因相同表型却不同C．甲基化修饰导致基因的碱基序列发生改变D．甲基化可通过影响DNA聚合酶与调控序列结合抑制转录5.将果蝇（2N=8）的精原细胞（2N=8）的所有染色体DNA链都用放射性同位素32P标记，再置于含31P的培养液中培养。
实验期间收集细胞甲、乙、丙、丁，统计样本放射性标记的染色体数和核DNA数。
不考虑突变及互换。
根据表格情况分析，下列叙述正确的是（）B．细胞乙可能处于减数分裂Ⅱ中期C．细胞丙可能处于有丝分裂后的减数分裂Ⅱ后期D．细胞丁可能处于第三次有丝分裂后期6.对生态环境的中度干扰，可能会造成连续群落中出现断层，如森林中因大风、雷电造成的大树的倒塌，可形成斑块大小不一的林窗，为草本、小树苗等的生长提供了条件。
断层可在没有继续干扰的条件下逐渐恢复原貌，也可能被周围群落的任何一个物种侵入和占有发展成为优势者，哪一种是优胜者完全取决于随机因素，因此称为断层抽彩式竞争，下列叙述错误的是（）A．抽彩式竞争的产生需要存在能入侵、耐受断层环境并阻止后入侵者能力的物种B．在干扰形成的断层上进行的演替是次生演替C．断层抽彩式竞争可能会提高群落的生物多样性D．群落断层的形成对生物进化无影响7.临床证明阿司匹林具有镇痛、退热等效果，而且对血小板聚集有抑制作用，能阻止血栓形成。
【名师解析】湖南省长郡中学2015届高三月考试卷(二)地理试题 Word版含答案
长郡中学2015届高三月考试卷(二)地理本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。
时量90分钟，满分100分。
第Ⅰ卷选择题(共60分)一、选择题(本大题共25个小题，每小题2分，共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求。
)地理研究性学习小组野外考查绘制了某地地貌景观图及地形剖面图，读图回答1-2题。
1.形成图中成都附近地区地貌景观的主导因素是（）A.流水搬运B. 地壳运动C. 流水侵蚀D. 流水沉积2.在野外，研究小组利用目视估算法估测地形高度。
下列结论正确的是（）A.在①地估测出山的相对高度B.在②地估测出山的相对高度C.在③地估测出山谷的海拔高度D.在④地估测出谷底的相对深度中高纬度地区东西走向山脉的南北两侧，由于光照时间长短不同，出现了明显的温度差异，即阳坡温度高于阴坡。
读中纬度某内陆地区等值线图，回答3~4题。
3．若a为12°C等温线，则乙地气温的数值可能是A．16℃B．14℃C．10 ℃ D．8℃4．下列关于甲、乙、丙、丁四地所在位置的叙述正确的是A．甲、乙位于北半球的阳坡 B．甲、乙位于南半球的阳坡C．丙、丁位于北半球的阳坡 D．丙、丁位于南半球的阳坡下图示意某小区域地形，图中等高距为50米，瀑布的落差为22米，据此完成5-6题.5.Q地的海拔可能为A.550米B.320米C.520米D.420米6.图中河流最低处与山峰的高差最接近A.140米B.160米C.360米D.260米下图为某区域的海上航线示意图。
在一艘驶往印度洋的轮船上，悉尼时间6：00船员在图中②处看到了海上日出景观。
读图回答7-8题。
7、该日②处海上日出时刻，下列说法可信的是A．④地也可能正好日出 B．此刻全球新的一天比重小C．我国长城站可能出现极昼D．长沙长郡学生在在校早读8、下图中的四幅图，与②处当日轮船桅杆日影在地面上移动方向一致的是下图示意某地锋面过境时等温面分布状况。
读图回答9——10题。
湖南省长郡中学2015届高三月考(一)英语试题及答案
长郡中学2015届高三月考（一）英语试卷本试卷分为四个部分，包括听力、语言知识运用、阅读和书面表达。
时量120分钟。
满分150分。
Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (22.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11. What will the speakers do tomorrow night?A. Have dinner together.B. Visit neighbors.C. Go for a walk near the man’s house.2. How will the man probably go to the woman’s house?A. On foot.B. By bus.C. By taxi.Conversation 23. What did the woman ask the man to do?A. Help her organize her paper.B. Check her essay.C. Choose a topic for her.4. What’s the man’s opinion about the topic?A. It’s too broad.B. It’s very narrow.C. It’s perfect.Conversation 35. Why is the woman unwilling to apply for the position?A. Because the pay is too low.B. Because it’s in a different field.C. Because she wants to learn more in her current job.6. What’s the man’s attitude toward the woman?A. He is worried.C. He is bossy.Conversation 47. Why does Sally like her shirt?A. Because it was given by a friend.B. Because she is trying to be fashionable.C. Because she bought it in Paris.8. What does the man think of Sally’s clothes?A. They’re not decent.B. They’re in fashion.C. She should get more new dresses.9. What can we learn from the conversation?A. Sally loves arguing with her dad.B. Teens have their own ideas about how to dress.C. Sally’s dad doesn’t want her to spend too much money on clothes. Conversation 510. What does the boy’s mother like when she w as young?A. She was very naughty.B. She was eager to know things around.C. She was always in trouble.11. What did the boy’s mother do to know more about hippos?A. She read books.B. She watched films in the library.C. She asked a lot of people.12. What can we learn about the woman?A. She was very strict.B. She used to know a lot about hippos.C. She supported her daughter’s curiosity.Conversation 613. How long has the man’s company been in business?A. For 5 years.B. For 3 years.C. For 2 years.14. What does the woman imply about her company?A. They offer the lowest price.B. They have grown very fast.C. They design satisfying ads.15. What will the woman give the man next?B. Some designs.C. A contract.Section B (7.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you’ve got. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.A Wedding CDPart ⅡLanguage Knowledge(45 marks)Section A (15 marks)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21. On 4 July 1776, the Americans declared that they would no longer submit to British rule, __________ led to war, and to America __________ its independence.A. which; gainingB. this; gainedC. this; gainingD. which; gained22. The radiation amount of a mobile phone for two half-hour periods per day is equal to __________ to an X-ray for ten seconds.A. exposeB. exposingC. exposedD. being exposed23. I like __________ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. thisB. eitherC. itD. one24. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area __________ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what25. It __________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks __________ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; whenB. was until; thatC. wasn’t until; whenD. wasn’t until; that26. __________ you eat the correct foods __________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. Only if; will youB. Only if; you willC. Unless; will youD. Unless; you will27. —Who should be responsible for the accident?—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order __________.A. as toldB. as are toldC. as tellingD. as they told28. If you open up any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability __________ you will find aspirin and penicillin.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. when29. __________ and I’ll get the work finished.A. Have one more hourB. One more hourC. Given one more hourD. If I have one more hour30. Many a man __________ come to help us.A. haveB. hasC. isD. are31. W hat he said is __________ but practical since __________ depends on “if”.A. anything; everythingB. nothing; everythingC. everything; anythingD. none; everything32. He __________ have forgotten to pay before he was stopped by the store keeper.A. shouldB. couldC. mustD. would33. You never imagine what great trouble I have __________ this paper in my house.A. foundB. for findingC. to findD. finding34. He __________ football regularly for many years when he was young.A. was playingB. playedC. has playedD. had played35. __________ tomorrow, he would get there by Friday.A. Were he to leaveB. If he had leftC. Did he to leaveD. Had he leftSection B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.There are about fifteen hundred languages in the world. But 36 a few of them are very important. English is one of these. Many, many people use it, not only in England and the US, but in other parts of theworld. About 200, 000, 000 people speak it as their own language. It is difficult to say how many people are learning it as a 37 language. Many millions are trying to do so.Is it easy or difficult to learn English? Different people may have different 38 . Have you ever noticed the ads of this kind in newspapers or magazines?“Learn English in six month, or your 39 back...” “Easy and funny? Our records and tapes 40 you master your English in a month. From the first day your pronunciation will be excellent. Just send...” Of course, it never 41 quite like this.The only language that seems easy to learn is the mother tongue. We should remember that we all learned our own language well when we were children. If we could learn English in the same way, it would not seem so difficult. 42 what a small child does. He listens to what people say. He tries what he hears. When he is using the language, talking in it, and 43 in it all the time, just imagine how much 44 that he gets!So it is 45 to say that learning English is easy, because a good command of English 46 upon a lot of practice. And practice needs great effort and takes much time. Good teachers, records, tapes, books, and dictionaries will 47 . But they cannot do the student’s work of him.36. A. not B. quite C. only D. very37. A. native B. foreign C. useful D. mother38. A. questions B. problems C. ideas D. answers39. A. knowledge B. time C. money D. English40. A. force B. help C. get D. allow41. A. happens B. knows C. seems D. feels42. A. Get B. Mind C. Do D. Think of43. A. using B. thinking C. trying D. practicing44. A. time B. money C. language D. practice45. A. hard B. easy C. funny D. silly46. A. depends B. tries C. has D. takes47. A. do B. go C. help D. masterSection C (12 marks)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.Maria is the founder of a chain of coffee bars. She comes from Singapore, but later moved to London with her family. Her father, who was a factory manager, filled 48 with a belief in hard work. Maria studied political science at university. 49 leaving university, she became a teacher. When her father passed away, she went to New York for 50 break. Every morning she’d go to a coffee bar. When she got 51 to London, she realized that 52 was nothing like those coffee bars. 53 she decidedto give up her job and do something about it. She opened her 54 coffee bar in the year 1995 and her success was quick. She opened another ten the following year. Now she is proud of her success and plans to open 80 more 55 the 85 she already has. Just think Maria is only 35!Part ⅢReading Comprehension (30 marks)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.AA report, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal (致命) accident as a teenager driving alone. By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p. m., and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic thing,” he says, “is that a dults who are responsible for issuing (发放) licenses fail to recognize how skilled a task driving is.”Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to reduce the harm is to have so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a slower process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving at night with a limited number of passengers before graduating to get a full driving license.Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have number limitation on passengers. California is the strictest, with a new driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20 for the first six months.56. Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?A. Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p. m.B. A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.C. Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.D. A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.57. According to Robert Foss, the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to __________.A. their frequent driving at nightB. their lack of driving experienceC. their improper way of drivingD. their driving with passengers58. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 3?A. Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.B. Driving is a skill too difficult for teenagers to learn.C. Teenagers should be limited in taking driving lessons.D. People issuing license are partly responsible for the accidents.59. A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers’ driving accidents is that __________.A. driving in the presence of an adult should be made a ruleB. they should be forbidden to take on passengersC. they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p. m.D. the licensing systems should be improved60. The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system __________.A. is under discussionB. is about to be set upC. has been put into effectD. has been perfectedB“Confidence”is probably one of the most noticeable traits (特点) in the Americans. They show confidence in the way they talk, the way they smile, the way they dress and the way they walk. Living and competing with all these confident American students, I find it extremely important to be confident as an international student and a foreign instructor. As a student, being confident means you should never hesitate to raise your hand whenever a question or a point comes to your mind. Don’t mind if it sounds simple or silly. Otherwise you will never get a chance to speak in class at all. What’s worse, the professors may think you are not prepared for the discussion or you do not have your own opinion on the issue—this is the last comment any graduate would like to receive.Being confident for me as a foreign instructor means calmly asking the student to repeat what he or she has said if I did not get it. Pretending to understand what you actually do not may just bring yourself embarrassment or even disgrace. But the time I most need to be confident is when my students come to myoffice and bargain about the grades I have given for their speeches (The course I’m teaching here is Public Speaking). Modesty is a trait highly valued in China, but it won’t be of much help here if you want to survive and succeed in a good American graduate program.61. To compete with American students, it’s very important to __________.A. be quite confidentB. be polite and friendlyC. have more discussions with themD. understand what they think about62. A professor will have the worst opinion of a student who __________.A. gives a silly or simple answerB. tries to seize any chance to speak in classC. shows no interest in the courseD. is considered to have no opinion of his own63. The author is most likely to feel embarrassed if __________.A. he asks a student to repeat what he has saidB. the students bargain with himC. he pretends to know what he doesn’tD. he has to give a speech64. We learn from the second paragraph that __________.A. we should also remain modest in AmericaB. modesty doesn’t help you much in AmericaC. Americans also like modest peopleD. modesty can help you get through an American graduate program65. The passage is mainly developed by __________.A. providing examplesB. making comparisonsC. giving different figuresD. telling personal experiencesCDo you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized(把……归类) as “honor”help you create this life of good feelings.Here’s an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk’s mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky (暗中的) excitement. Later we might tell our family or friendsabout our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?In the first case, where we don’t tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk’s attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable actions we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions.Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it’s easy to think and act honorably again when we’re happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it’s started, it’s easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.66. According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our __________.A. self-respectB. financial rewardsC. advertising abilityD. friendly relationship67. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to __________.A. lyingB. stealingC. cheatingD. advertising68. The underlined phrase “bringing the error to the clerk’s attention” means __________.A. telling the truth to the clerkB. offering advice to the clerkC. asking the clerk to be more attentiveD. reminding the clerk of the charged items69. How will we feel if we let the clerk know the mistake?A. We’ll be very excited.B. We’ll feel unfortunate.C. We’ll have a sense of honor.D. We’ll feel sorry for the clerk.70. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A. How to Live TruthfullyB. Importance of PeacefulnessC. Ways of Gaining Self-respectD. Happiness through Honorable ActionsPart ⅣWriting (45 marks)Section A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic(民主的) society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth.There’re those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, removes all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who can’t afford good quality clothing needn’t be looked down upon by a wealthy person who wears expensive, quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such vital concepts as freedom of choice, motivation and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone struggle to be better? It’s only a short step from forcing everyone to wear the same clothing to forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of house, and eat the same type of food. When this happens, all inspiration to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had?Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be more than enough as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turn would have a chain effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines and television wouldn’t be able to remain in business. The entire information and entertainment industries would crash.Title: 71 effects of forcing people to wear the uniformⅠ. Main view* 72 have more disadvantages than advantagesⅡ. 73 :(1) Making the individual totally 74(2) Letting people ignore 75 of the individual, freedom of choice, 76 and individuality(3) Hurting the economy:*Causing artistic personnel to lose 77*Making sales persons 78*Destroying the industries like 79 , advertising, promotion, 80 and entertainmentSection B (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.The young man heading out of the convenience store wanted to do the right thing. He really did.But Zagros Bigvand was in a hurry that day last summer, and the elderly woman with the cane (拐杖) “was walking really, really slow”. So he let go of the door he’d been holding open for the stranger—just as she neared it. “I held the door for that lady for five minutes,” said Bigvand, of Dallas, Texas. “But finally I had to go. So I let it go and she looked at me and I looked at her. I felt bad about it all day. And I said I wish I could apologize to that woman.” So he did. His online apology became the beginning for apology, one of a growing number of so-called confession(忏悔) websites aimed at allowing people anonymously(匿名地) to admit to, and apologize for, anything—from being a shopaholic(购物狂) to cheating on a partner. “Human beings have a ne ed to confess,” said James Campbell Quick, a fellow with the American Psychological Association. “We don’t always want people to know the depths of our souls. Anonymity lets us flush that stuff out there and walk away.” Confession websites have become popular over the past few years. Almost all online confession sites promise anonymity. Website operators say there is no way to know which claims are factual and which are not. And there is no way to track participants either. Though it is commonly believed that confession is therapeutic(有治疗功能的), Timothy Wolff, an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of Texas, said he doesn’t see online confession as the best way to remove guilt or handle a crisis. “There’s an element(元素) of separation, physically, that allows people to do it without fear of reprisal(报复),” Wolff said. “But if someone does it and the response is not quite so bad, then they might put it out there in reality.”81. Why did Zagros Bigvand want to apologize? (No more than 20 words)_________________________________________________________________82. What was special about Zagros Bigvand’s apology? (No more than 5 words)_________________________________________________________________83. Why has online confession become common? (No more than 10 words)_________________________________________________________________84. What does Timothy Wolff think of online confession? (No more than 16 words)_________________________________________________________________Section C (25 marks)Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.请以Car Explosion in China为题，描述我国近10年来私人拥有小汽车情况，说明人们生活水平的变化和你的看法。
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湖南省长郡中学2015届高三第一次月考高三2011-10-23 20:40湖南省长郡中学2015届高三第一次月考语文试题一、语言文字应用（ 12分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中划线的字，读音与字形全都正确的一组是（）A．漩涡（xuán）症结（zhēng）果脯（fǔ）犯而不校（jiào）B．骠骑（piào）辟谣（bì）碑贴（tiě）间不容发（jiān）C．着陆（zháo）机杼（zhù ）契机（qì）以讹传讹（é）D．蹩脚（biě）掮客（qián）劲头（jìn）赧颜苟活（nǎn）答案：A解析：B．辟pì，“碑帖”应为“碑帖”；C．着zhuó；D．蹩bié。
2．下列各句中，划线的成语使用恰当的一句是（）A．出身于东汉后期一个势倾天下的官宦世家的袁绍，由于为人色厉胆薄，好谋无断，干大事而惜身，见小利而忘命，关键时刻往往引而不发，故不能成就大业。
B．辛亥革命前后所兴起的街头政治，把民众当成革命者与国家权力进行斗争的工具，城市街头风云际会，城市在炮火中经历了灾难，民众生存环境恶化。
C．上中学时，老师在一次谈话中鼓励丁学良有机会要到哈佛读几年书，没想到一语成谶，后来丁学良就成为了新中国第一个去哈佛读社会学的博士。
D．几年前，学界几乎没有人不对他的学说大加挞伐，可现在当他被尊奉为大师之后，移樽就教的人简直要踏破他家的门槛。
答案：D解析：移樽就教：樽，古代盛酒的器皿；就，凑近。
端着酒杯离座到对方面前共饮，以便请教。
比喻主动去向别人请教。
A．引而不发：拉开弓却不把箭射出去，比喻善于启发引导。
也比喻做好准备暂不行动，以待时机。
此处误用为“做事不果断”，属望文生义。
B．风云际会：比喻贤臣与明君相遇，有了施展才能的好机会。
也指有才能的人遇到机会。
C．一语成谶：就是“不幸而言中”，一般指一些“凶”事，不吉利的预言。
感情色彩有误。
3．下列句子中，没有语病的一句是（）A．训练中身体失去的水分应及时补充，因长时间训练会使身体大量排汗，血浆量下降16%，所以应及时补水以增加血浆量，提高心脏的工作效率和运动持续时间。
B．当看见“徐州”舰官兵拉出的横幅时，从利比亚经海上撤离的华人跳跃着、欢呼着流下了激动的泪水。
C．校庆在即，学校要求全体师生注重礼仪，热情待客，以带给从全国各地回母校参加庆祝活动的校友感到宾至如归。
D．刘老先生热心支持家乡的教育、慈善等公益事业。
他这次返乡，主动提出要与部分福利院参加高考的孤儿合影留念。
答案：B解析：A项搭配不当，应在“运动持续时间”前加“延长”；C项结构混乱，改为“以带给从全国各地回母校参加庆祝活动的校友宾至如归的感觉”或者“让从全国各地回母校参加庆祝活动的校友感到宾至如归”；D项表意不明，“部分”可为福利院，也可为孤儿。
4．从下了各句中选出语言表达简明得体的一句（）A．王平对邻居张大爷说：“张大爷，我们班同学明天春游，尽快帮我借台照相机，以免误事。
”B．李长根是个老实憨厚的农民，勤劳致富后，仍然和夫人一家五口，住在西山脚下的小村里。
C．章老板脸带歉意地说：“对不起，犬子昨天冲撞了您，能否请您看在我的薄面上原谅他呢？”D．董教授打开书，只见扉页写道：奉上我的拙著一本，鄙人才疏学浅，书中谬误，敬请斧正。
答案：C解析：A．说话的语气口吻欠礼貌得体；B．“夫人”语体色彩不对，可改为“老婆”或“妻子”；D．重复累赘，“拙著”即“我的著作”，与“我的”重复，可去掉“我的”。
二、文言文阅读（23分，选择题9分，每小题3分，简答题4分，翻译题10分）阅读下面的文言文，完成5—9题。
《金石录》后序李清照右《金石录》三十卷者何？赵侯德甫①所著书也。
取上自三代，下迄五季，凡见于金石刻者二千卷，皆是正讹谬，去取褒贬，上足以合圣人之道，下足以订史氏之失者，皆载之，可谓多矣。
余建中辛巳，始归赵氏。
侯年二十一，在太学作学生。
赵、李族寒，素贫俭，每朔望谒告出，质衣取半千钱，步入相国寺，市碑文归，相对展玩咀嚼，自谓葛天氏②之民也。
尝记崇宁间，有人持徐熙《牡丹图》求钱二十万。
当时虽贵家子弟，求二十万钱岂易得耶？留信宿，计无所出而还之。
夫妇相向惋怅者数日。
后屏居乡里十年，仰取俯拾，衣食有余。
连守两郡，竭其俸入以事铅椠③。
每获一书，即同共勘校，整集答题。
余性偶强记，每饭罢，坐归来堂烹茶，指堆积书史，言某事在某书某卷第几叶第几行，以中否角胜负，为饮茶先后。
中即举杯大笑，至茶倾覆怀中，反不得饮而起。
甘心老是乡矣！故虽处忧患困穷，而志不屈。
收书既成，归来堂起书库，大橱薄甲乙，置书册。
如要讲读，即请钥上簿，关出卷帙。
或少损污，必惩责揩完涂改，不复向时之坦夷也。
余性不耐，始谋食去重肉，衣去重采，首无明珠翡翠之饰，室无涂金刺绣之具，遇书史百家字不刓阙④、本不讹谬者，辄市之，储作副本。
于是几案罗列，枕席枕藉，意会心谋，目往神授，乐在声色狗马之上。
今日忽阅此书，如见故人。
因忆侯在东莱静治堂，装卷初就，芸签缥带，柬十卷作一帙。
今手泽如新而墓木已拱，悲夫！昔萧绎江陵陷没，不惜国亡而毁裂书画；杨广江都倾覆，不悲身死而复取图书。
岂人性之所著，死生不能忘之欤？或者天意以余菲薄，不足以享此尤物耶？抑亦死者有知，犹斤斤爱惜，不肯留在人间耶？何得之艰而失之易也？然有有必有无有聚必有散乃理之常所以区区记其终始者亦欲为后世好古博雅者之戒云。
（节选自李清照《<金石录>》后序）【注】①赵侯德甫：指赵明诚，字德甫，李清照之夫。
赵明诚曾为莱州等地太守，故称“侯”。
②葛天氏：传说中的远古帝王。
③铅椠（qiàn）：古代文具。
铅为铅条，可书写；椠为木板，可书文字。
④刓（wán）阙：磨损残缺。
5．对下列句子中划线的词语的解释，正确的一项是（）A．下足以订史氏之失者订：修订B．始归赵氏归：出嫁C．装卷初就就：接近D．或者天意以余菲薄菲薄：微薄答案：B解析：A项“订”：订正；C项“就”：完成；D项“菲薄”：资质不够。
6．下列各组句子中，划线的词的意义和用法都相同的一组是（）A．赵侯德甫所著书也是说也，人常疑之B．不悲身死而复取图书因人之力而敝之，不仁C．竭其俸入以事铅椠则或咎其欲出者D．何得之艰而失之易也欲人之无惑也难矣答案：B解析：连词，表转折，却。
A．句末语气词，表示判断语气/句中语气词，用在句中，表示舒缓语气；C．代词，他的/代词，那些；D．代词，它/主谓之间，取消句子的独立性，可不译。
7．下列对文中加粗部分的句子句读正确的一项是（）A．然有/有必有无有聚/必有散乃理之常/所以区区/记其终始者亦欲为/后世好古博雅者之戒云。
B．然有有必有无/有聚必有散/乃理之常所/以区区记其终/始者亦欲为后世好古博雅者之戒云。
C．然有有/必有无有/聚必有散乃理之常/所以区区记其终/始者亦欲为后世好古博雅者之戒云。
D．然有有必有无/有聚必有散/乃理之常/所以区区记其终始者/亦欲为后世好古博雅者之戒云。
答案：D解析：然有有必有无，有聚必有散，乃理之常，所以区区记其终始者，亦欲为后世好古博雅者之戒云。
8．文章最后一段表达了李清照怎样的思想感情？请用自己的话概括。
（4分）答案：追思故物，悼念亡夫，悲从中来，有极其落寞凄苦无奈之感；同时也有经历太多大喜大悲之后对人生的一种彻悟，一份旷达与坦然。
9．把文言文阅读材料中划横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
（10分）（1）留信宿，计无所出而还之。
夫妇相向惋怅者数目。
（2）甘心老是乡矣！故虽处忧患困穷，而志不屈。
（3）岂人性之所著，死生不能忘之欤？答案：（1）（我们把它）留了两夜，终于因为筹不到钱，又还给了他。
我们夫妇俩为此惋惜怅惘了好几天。
（赋分点：借宿、无所各1分，句意2分）（2）甘心在这样的环境中过一辈子！所以我们虽处于忧患贫穷之中，而胸中的志愿从没有屈服过。
（赋分点：老、是乡、句意各1分）（3）难道人性所专注的东西，能够逾越生死而念念不忘吗？（赋分点：岂……欤、所著、句意各1分）三、古代诗歌鉴赏和古诗文默写。
10．阅读下面这首唐诗，然后回答问题。
（7分）旅宿杜牧旅馆无良伴，凝情自悄然。
寒灯思旧事，断雁警愁眠。
远梦归侵晓，家书到隔年。
沧江好烟月，门系钓鱼船。
（1）颈联是怎样运用虚实结合的手法，来表达作者的思想感情的？（3分）答案：虚写乡愁令人难眠，渐入梦境，梦回故乡。
可路远，醒来时天已大亮。
实写的是远离故乡，书信难达。
表达羁旅中的思乡之情。
（3分）（2）联系全诗的情感，简析尾联的寓意。
（4分）答案：用沧江美景、渔人垂钓与诗人长途跋涉、行旅艰辛形成鲜明对比。
反衬自己风尘仆仆难与家人团聚的愁绪，表达了诗人对家乡自由自在闲适生活的向往。
（4分）11．古诗文默写。
（1）还顾望旧乡，长路漫浩浩。
__________，___________。
（《涉江采芙蓉》）（2）高渐离击筑，___________，___________，士皆垂泪涕泣。
（《荆轲刺秦王》）（3）泻水置平地，各自东西南北流。
人生亦有命，___________？（《拟行路难》）答案：（1）同心而离居忧伤以终老（2）荆轲喝而歌为变徵之声（3）安能行叹复坐愁四、现代文（论述类、实用类）阅读（12分。
选择题6分，简答题6分）阅读下列文字，完成12—14题。
图像及图像之外的汉字与中华文化林谷芳①中国文明是世界上现存唯一绵亘超过四千年的文明，也是唯一在这长时间中绵亘使用表意文字的文明，这两个唯一显非偶然，于是，谈中国文明，乃必得及于这文明的根源之一——汉字。
在人类学家眼中，文字的发明是文明的一大跃进，堪与比拟的只有用火、产业革命与资讯革命，而使人类从蒙昧至开启的犹赖于此。
文字的发明让知识可以大量积累，后世乃能够超载一代的生理局限，直接站在历史巨人的肩膀之上。
然而，知识积累固是文字发明对文明的最根本影响，但其作用尚不止于此，它一定程度更影响了文明乃至生命的属性。
谈汉字，多数人首先连结的当然是书法。
书法源自特殊的书写工具：毛笔，不过，更根柢地，则源于汉字本身的结构性使图像在规范中又有无限排列的可能，由之乃开展出丰富的线性世界，要说中国人的线性美学多缘于此也不为过。
书法被首先连结，是因它太特殊了，其实谈文字，最自然会想到的是文学。
文学并不只是对语言的艺术记录，语言之外，文字本身还影响了文学的形式与内涵，这在非直接语言拼音而来的表意文字尤然，从中国诗词的对仗到文言文的精炼就都与汉字单位、孤字、表意的属性直接相关。
表意文字使文字与语言保持了一定距离，让文字能更长于凝练性的表达，这一方面成就了中国文学的特殊美感，另一方面则行塑了中华文化的特殊属性。
中华文化能绵亘数千年实因于传承者强固的历史认同，汉字在此则不仅让人可以接续前朝，连历史之原典亦可亲炙②，由此，所谓上下五千年才不至成为空话。