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FIDIC银皮书(中英文对照)

FIDIC银皮书(中英文对照)

CONTENTS目录1General Provisions一般规定 (5)1.1Definitions定义 (5)1.2Interpretation解释 (10)1.3Communications通信交流 (11)1.4Law and Language法律和语言 (12)1.5Priority of Document文件优先次序 (12)1.6Contract Agreement合同协议书 (12)1.7Assignment权益转让 (13)1.8Care and Supply of Document文件的照管和提供 (13)1.9Confidentiality保密性 (14)1.10Employer’s Use of Contractor’s Doc uments雇主使用承包商文件 (14)1.11Contractor’s Use of Employer’s Documents承包商使用雇主文件 (15)1.12Confidential Details保密事项 (15)1.13Compliance with Laws遵守法律 (15)1.14Joint and Several Liability共同的和各自的责任 (16)2The Employer雇主 (16)2.1Right of Access to the Site现场进入权 (16)2.2Permits, Licences or Approves许可、执照或批准 (17)2.3Employer’s personnel雇主人员 (18)2.4Employer’s Financial Arrangements雇主的资金安排 (18)2.5Employer’s Claims雇主的索赔 (18)3The Employer’s Administration雇主的管理 (19)3.1The Employer’s Representative雇主代表 (19)3.2The Employer’s personnel其他雇主人员 (20)3.3Delegated Persons受托人员 (20)3.4Instructions指示 (21)3.5Determinations确定 (21)4The Contractor承包商 (21)4.1The Contractor’s General Obligations承包商的一般义务 (22)4.2Performance security履约担保 (22)4.3Contractor’s Representative承包商代表 (23)4.4Subcontractors分包商 (24)4.5Nominated Subcontractors指定的分包商 (25)4.6Co-operation合作 (25)4.7Setting out放线 (26)4.8Safety procedures安全程序 (26)4.9Quality Assurance质量保证 (27)4.10Site Data现场数据 (27)4.11Sufficiency of the Contract Price合同价格 (28)4.12Unforeseeable Difficulties不可预见的困难 (28)4.13Rights of way and Facilities道路通行权于设施 (28)4.14Avoidance of Interference避免干扰 (29)4.15Access Route进场通路 (29)4.16Transport of Goods货物运输 (30)4.17Contractor’s Equipment承包商设备 (30)4.18Protection of the Environment环境保护 (30)4.19Electricity, Water and Gas电、水和燃气 (31)4.20Employer’s Equipment and Free-Issue Material雇主设备和免费供应的材料 (31)4.21Progress Reports进度报告 (32)4.22Security of the Site现场保安 (33)4.23Contractor’s Operations on Site承包商的现场作业 (34)4.24Fossils化石 (34)5Design设计 (35)5.1General Design Obligations设计义务一般要求 (35)5.2Contractor’s Documents承包商文件 (36)5.3Contractor’s Undertaking承包商的承诺 (37)5.4Technical Standards and Regulations技术标准和法规 (37)5.5Training培训 (38)5.6As-Built Documents竣工文件 (38)5.7Operation and Maintenance Manuals操作和维修手册 (39)5.8Design Error设计错误 (39)6Staff and Labour员工 (39)6.1Engagement of Staff and Labour员工的雇用 (40)6.2Rates of Wages and Conditions of Labour工资标准和劳动条件 (40)6.3Persons in the Service of Employer为雇主服务的人员 (40)6.4Labour Laws劳动法 (40)6.5Working Hours工作时间 (41)6.6Facilities for Staff and Labour为员工提供设施 (41)6.7Health and Safety健康和安全 (41)6.8Contractor’s Superintendence承包商的监督 (42)6.9Contractor’s Personnel承包商人员 (42)6.10Records of contractor’s Personnel and Equipment承包商人员和设备的记录 (43)6.11Disorderly Conduct无序行为 (43)7Plant, Materials and Workmanship生产设备、材料和工艺 (43)7.1Manner of Execution实施方法 (43)7.2Samples样品 (44)7.3Inspection检验 (44)7.4Testing试验 (45)7.5Rejection拒收 (46)7.6Remedial Work修补工作 (46)7.7Ownership of Plant and Materials生产设备和材料的所有权 (47)7.8Royalties土地(矿区)使用费 (47)8Commencement,Delays and Suspension开工、延误和暂停 (48)8.1Commencement of Works工程的开工 (48)8.2Time for Completion竣工时间 (48)8.3Programme进度计划 (49)8.4Extension of Time for Completion竣工时间延长 (50)8.5Delays Caused by Authorities当局造成的延误 (50)8.6Rate of Progress工程进度 (51)8.7Delay Damages误期损害赔偿费 (51)8.8Suspension of Work暂时停工 (52)8.9Consequences of Suspension暂停的后果 (52)8.10Payment for Plant and Materials in Event of Suspension暂停时对生产设备和材料的付款 (53)8.11Prolonged Suspension托长的暂停 (53)8.12Resumption of Work复工 (53)9Tests on Completion竣工试验 (54)9.1Contractor’s Obligations承包商的义务 (54)9.2Delayed Tests延误的试验 (55)9.3Retesting重新试验 (55)9.4Failure to Pass Tests on Completion未能通过竣工试验 (56)10Employer’s Taking Over雇主的接收 (56)10.1Taking Over of the Works and Sections工程和分项工程的接收 (56)10.2Taking Over of Parts of the Works部分工程的接收 (57)10.3Interference with Tests on Completion对竣工试验的干扰 (57)11Defects Liability缺陷责任 (58)11.1Completion of Outstanding Work and Remedying Defects完成扫尾工作和修补缺陷 (58)11.2Cost of Remedying Defects修补缺陷的费用 (59)11.3Extension of Defects Notification Period缺陷通知期的延长 (59)11.4Failure to Remedy Defects未能修补的缺陷 (60)11.5Removal of Defective Work移出有缺陷的工程 (60)11.6Further Tests进一步试验 (61)11.7Right of Access进入权 (61)11.8Contractor to Search承包商调查 (61)11.9Performance Certificate履约证书 (62)11.10Unfulfilled Obligations未履行的义务 (62)11.11Clearance of Site现场清理 (62)12Tests after Completion竣工后试验 (63)12.1Procedure for Tests after Completion竣工后试验的程序 (63)12.2Delayed Tests延误的试验 (64)12.3Retesting重新试验 (64)12.4Failure to Pass Tests after Completion未能通过的竣工后试验 (65)13Variations and Adjustments变更和调整 (66)13.1Right to Vary变更权 (66)13.2Value Engineering价值工程 (66)13.3Variation Procedure变更程序 (66)13.4Payment in Applicable Currencies以适用货币支付 (67)13.5Provisional Sums暂列金额 (67)13.6Daywork计日工作 (68)13.7Adjustments for Changes in Legislation因法律改变的调整 (69)13.8Adjustments for Changes in Cost因成本改变的调整 (70)14Contract price and Payment合同价格和支付 (70)14.1The Contract Price合同价格 (70)14.2Advance payment预付款 (70)14.3Application for Interim Payments期中付款的申请 (72)14.4Schedule of Payments付款价格表 (73)14.5Plant and Materials intended for the Works拟用于工程的生产设备和材料 (73)14.6Interim Payments期中付款 (74)14.7Timing of Payments付款的时间安排 (74)14.8Delayed Payment延误的付款 (75)14.9Payment of Retention Money保留金支付 (75)14.10Statement at Completion施工报表 (76)14.11Application for Final Payment最终付款的申请 (76)14.12Discharge结清证明 (77)14.13Final Payment最终付款 (77)14.14Ce ssation of Employer’s Liability雇主责任的中止 (78)14.15Currencies of Payment支付的货币 (78)15Termination by Employer由雇主终止 (79)15.1Notice to Correct通知改正 (79)15.2Termination by Employer由雇主终止 (79)15.3Valuation at Date of Termination终止日期时的估价 (81)15.4Payment after Termination终止后的付款 (81)15.5Employer’s Entitlement to Termination雇主终止的权利 (82)16Suspension and termination by Contractor由承包商暂停和终止 (82)16.1Contractor’s Entitlement to Suspend Work承包商暂停工作的权利 (82)16.2Termination by Contractor由承包商终止 (83)16.3Cessation of Work and Removal of Contractor’s Equipment停止工作和承包商设备的撤离 (84)16.4Payment on Termination终止时的付款 (84)17Risk and Responsibility风险和职责 (85)17.1Indemnities保障 (85)17.2Contractor’s Care of the Works承包商对工程的照管 (86)17.3Employer’s Risks雇主的风险 (87)17.4Consequence of Employer’s Risks雇主风险的后果 (87)17.5Intellectual and Industrial Property Rights知识产权和工业产权 (88)17.6Limitation of Liability责任限度 (89)18Insurance保险 (89)18.1General Requirements for Insurances有关保险的一般要求 (89)18.2Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipment工程和承包商设备的保险 (91)18.3Insurance against Injury to Persons and Damage to Property人身伤害和财产损害险 (93)18.4Insurance for Contractor’s Personnel承包商人员的保险 (94)19Force Majeure不可抗力 (94)19.1Definition of Force Majeure不可抗力的定义 (95)19.2Notice of Force Majeure不可抗力的通知 (96)19.3Duty to Minimise Delay将延误减至最小的义务 (96)19.4Consequences of Force Majeure不可抗力的后果 (96)19.5Force Majeure Affecting Subcontractor不可抗力影响分包商 (97)19.6Optional Termination, Payment and Release自主选择终止、支付和解除 (97)19.7Release from Performance under the Law根据法律解除履约 (98)20Claims, Disputes and Arbitration索赔、争端和仲裁 (98)20.1Contractor’s Claims承包商的索赔 (99)20.2Appointment of the Dispute Adjudication Board争端裁决委员会的任命 (100)20.3Failure to Agreement Dispute Adjudication Board对争端裁决委员会未能取得一致时 (102)20.4Obtaining Dispute Adjudication Board’s Decision取得争端裁决委员会的决定 (102)20.5Amicable Settlement友好解决 (103)20.6Arbitration仲裁 (104)20.7Failure to Comply with Dispute Adjudication Board’s Decision未能遵守争端裁决委员会的决定 (105)20.8Expiry o f Dispute Adjudication Board’s Appointment争端裁决委员会任命期满 (105)1General Provisions一般规定1.1Definitions定义In the Conditions of Contract (“these Conditions”), which include Particular Conditions and these General Conditions, the following words and expressions shall have the meaning stated. Words indicating persons or parties include corporation and other legal entities, except where the context requires otherwise.在合同条件(“本条件”),包括专用条件和通用条件中,下列词语和措辞应具有以下所述的含义.除上下文另有要求外,文中人员或当事各方等词语包括公司和其他合法实体.1.1.1The Contract合同1.1.1.1“Contract” means the Contract Agreement, these Conditions, the Employer’s Requirement,the Tender, and further document (if any) which are listed in the Contract Agreement.“合同”系指合同协议书、本条件、雇主要求、投标书和合同协议书列出的其他文件(如果有).1.1.1.2“Contract Agreement”means the contract agreement referred to in Sub-Clause 1.6[Contract Agreement], including any annexed memoranda.“合同协议书”系指第1.6款[合同协议书]中所述的合同协议书及所附各项备忘录.1.1.1.3“Employer’s requirements”means the document entitled employer’s requirements, asincluded in the Contract, and any additions and modifications to such document in accordance with the Contract. Such document specifies the purpose, scope, and/or design and/or other technical criteria, for the Works.“雇主要求”系指合同中包括的,题为雇主要求的文件,其中列明工程的目标、范围、和(或)设计和(或)其他技术标准,以及按合同对此项文件所作的任何补充和修改.1.1.1.4“Tender” means the Contractor’s signed offer for the Works and all other documents whichthe Contractor submitted therewith (other than these Conditions and Employer’s Requirements, if so submitted), as included in the Contract.“投标书”系指包含在合同中的由承包商提交的为完成工程签署的报价,以及随同提交的所有其他文件(本条件和雇主要求除外,如同时提交).1.1.1.5“Performance Guarantees” and “Schedule of payments” mean the documents so named(if any), as included in the Contract.“履约保证”和“付款计划表”系指合同中包括的具有上述名称的文件(如果有).1.1.2Parties and Persons各方和人员1.1.2.1“Party” means the Employer or the Contractor, as the context requires.“当事方(或一方)”根据上下文需要,或指雇主,或指承包商。

晚8点后进食会更易长胖吗

晚8点后进食会更易长胖吗

晚8点后进食会更易长胖吗?
导语:都说晚餐要吃的好,但是也要掐点要吃哦!太晚进食的话不仅会给胃带来压力之外还会是你肥胖的元凶哦!
每当夜幕降临华灯初上之际,一些酒楼、餐厅前便车水马龙,人来人往,里面的人推杯换盏、大吃大喝。

在这些人中,有相当一部分表现为大腹便便,明显肥胖。

而肥胖的持续,必然要导致患心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、高血压等“生活方式病”的风险增高。

一直以来,人们认为肥胖是由于吃得过多、过腻导致的,但科学家近年来发现,在人体细胞中含有一种叫做BMAL1的蛋白质,这种蛋白质广泛地分布在人体除脑组织外的其他各处脂肪细胞之中。

BMAL1与脱氧核糖核酸结合产生“时间基因”,可以控制人体生物钟,并指令细胞存储脂肪,成为脂肪仓库。

BMAL1越多,脂肪细胞里的脂肪也越多。

BMAL1在24小时内其含量不断变化,夜间多白天少,以晚10时到次日2时达最高峰,高于白天20倍,下午3时最少。

夜间活动量小,能量消耗低,如果食物摄入过多,多余的热量在胰岛素作用下就会合成脂肪,而此时可促进脂肪堆积的BMAL1在体内含量很高,它可以瞬间将脂肪存储于脂肪细胞中。

因此,深夜吃饭必然成为肥胖的原因,哪怕是仅仅吃些方便面。

可见,肥胖者要想有效减肥,除了控制食物的摄入量外,还要注意饮食时间和适当运动。

建议在早晨阳光充足、体内BMAL1减少的情况下吃好早餐,养成拒绝夜餐的习惯,晚间8点以后最好不要再吃东西了。

FIDIC银皮书(中英文对照)

FIDIC银皮书(中英文对照)

CONTENTS目录1General Provisions一般规定 (5)1.1Definitions定义 (5)1。

2Interpretation解释 (10)1.3Communications通信交流 (11)1。

4Law and Language法律和语言 (12)1。

5Priority of Document文件优先次序 (12)1。

6Contract Agreement合同协议书 (12)1。

7Assignment权益转让 (13)1.8Care and Supply of Document文件的照管和提供 (13)1.9Confidentiality保密性 (14)1.10Emplo yer’s Use of Contractor’s Documents雇主使用承包商文件 (14)1。

11Contractor’s Use of Employer’s Documents承包商使用雇主文件 (15)1。

12Confidential Details保密事项 (15)1。

13Compliance with Laws遵守法律 (15)1.14Joint and Several Liability共同的和各自的责任 (16)2The Employer雇主 (16)2.1Right of Access to the Site现场进入权 (16)2。

2Permits, Licences or Approves许可、执照或批准 (17)2.3Employer’s personnel雇主人员 (18)2。

4Employer’s Financial Arrangements雇主的资金安排 (18)2。

5Employer's Claims雇主的索赔 (18)3The Employer’s Administration雇主的管理 (19)3.1The Employer’s Representative雇主代表 (19)3。

常用医嘱缩写---舞茗星

常用医嘱缩写---舞茗星

qd 每日一次bid 每日两次tid 每日三次qid 每日四次qh 每小时一次q2h 每两小时一次q4h 每四小时一次q6h 每六小时一次qn 每晚一次qod 隔日一次biw 每周两次hs 临睡前am 上午pm 下午St 立即DC 停止、取消prn 需要时(长期)sos 需要时(限用一次,12小时内有效)ac 饭前pc 饭后12n 中午12点12mn午夜12点gtt 滴ID 皮内注射H 皮下注射IM 肌肉注射IV 静脉注射处方上左上角的RP代表“请取”的意思,如果某种药后面是qd、bid、tid,分别代表每日一次、每日两次、每日三次。

如果是po、m、h、v、ivgtt分别代表口服、肌肉注射、皮下注射静脉注射、静脉滴注等,还有很多。

aa——各et——及、和Rp.——取、请取sig./S.——用法、指示St./Stat.——立即、急速Cit.——急速s.o.s.——需要时p.r.n——必要时a.c.——饭前p.c.——饭后a.m.——上午p.m.——下午q.n.——每晚h.s.——睡前q.h.——每小时q.d.——每日1次B.i.d.——每日2次T.i.d.——每日3次Q.i.d.——每日4次q.4h.——每4小时1次p.o.——口服ad us.int.——内服ad us.ext.——外用H.——皮下注射im./M.——肌肉注射iv./V.——静脉注射iv gtt.——静脉滴注Inhal.——吸入O.D.——右眼O.L.——左眼O.S.——单眼O.U.——双眼No./N.——数目、个s.s——一半ug.——微克m g.——毫克g.——克kg.——千克(公斤)ml.——毫升L.——升q.s——适量Ad.——加至Aq.——水Aq.dest.——蒸馏水Ft.——配成Dil——稀释M.D.S.——混合后给予Co./Comp.——复方的Mist——合剂Pulv.——散剂Amp.——安瓿剂Emul.——乳剂Syr.——糖浆剂Tr.——酊剂Neb.——喷雾剂Garg.——含漱剂rtt./gutt.——滴、滴眼剂collyr.——洗眼剂Ocul.——眼膏Liq.——溶液剂Sol.——溶液Lot.——洗剂Linim.——擦剂Crem.——乳膏剂(冷霜)Ung.——软膏剂Past.——糊剂Ol.——油剂Enem.——灌肠剂Supp.——栓剂Tab.——片剂Pil.——丸剂Caps.——胶囊剂Inj.——注射剂如果是处方常用不多一般qd,qid,bid,tid,iv,ivgtt。

Prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma with preoperative imaging

Prediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma with preoperative imaging

Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International18(2019)289–290Contents lists available at ScienceDirectHepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases Internationaljournal homepage:/locate/hbpdViewpointPrediction of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma with preoperative imaging radiomic analysis:Is it ready for prime time?Gang Xu,Hua-Yu Yang,Hai-Feng Xu∗Department of Liver Surgery,Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)Hospital,PUMC&Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing100730,ChinaMicrovascular invasion(MVI),also known as microvasculartumor embolism,refers to the cancer cell nest in vessels linedwith endothelial cells.MVI may be found in the small branchesof the portal vein and hepatic vein.Occasionally,MVI may alsoexist in the hepatic artery,bile duct and lymphatic vessels.Theincidence of MVI in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patientsranges from15%to57.1%,and MVI can predict the risks of tumorrecurrence and long-term survival after surgery[1,2].However,MVI is different from macrovascular invasion,and MVI cannot bepreoperatively diagnosed by imaging.Due to the heterogeneityof HCC and the limited amount of tissue obtained by biopsy,clinicians cannot accurately assess the MVI status of HCC[3]andtherefore,the identification of MVI is still based on histopatho-logical examination of resected surgical specimens.Owing to itslate postoperative diagnosis,MVI has limited usefulness in currentclinical practice.An accurate preoperative evaluation method forMVI can provide an effective basis for individualized treatmentplans for each patient.Currently,the preoperative assessment ofMVI in HCC with non-invasive methods has become a hot topic.Macrovascular invasion and MVI in HCC are usually associatedwith highly active biological tumor behavior and disease progres-sion[4].Perhaps because MVI is considered a mild manifestationof tumor invasiveness,its clinical significance has been underes-timated.Many studies have shown that MVI is directly related tothe outcomes of HCC patients after surgery,and many researchershave tried to predict MVI preoperatively.Some studies have pre-dicted MVI by clinical and pathological characteristics(tumor size,number,differentiation,etc.)and serum markers for tumors[1].However,these methods are still in the research stage and havenot yet been applied in clinical practice due to their low speci-ficity,complex technology and high cost.Although it is difficult todetect MVI through radiology techniques,some studies have begunto explore the imaging characteristics(tumor dimension,multi-nodularity,non-smooth tumor margins,peritumoral enhancement,etc.)of MVI[5].Nevertheless,these conventional imaging datawere not precisely analyzed.As a result,these imaging data can-not accurately reflect the biological tumor characteristics.The dataalso led to inconsistent conclusions between different studies.∗Corresponding author.E-mail address:xuhf781120@(H.-F.Xu).Moreover,the evaluation of these imaging features depends on in-dividual experience,which can lead to the exclusion of supportingevidence in clinical practice.In recent years,breakthroughs in medical imaging technologyhave led to enormous increases in the amount of medical imag-ing data stored in digital formats.As a result,radiomics,a newtechnology based on medical data and artificial intelligence,hasemerged.Radiomics focuses on improving image analysis using anautomated high-throughput extraction technique to process largeamounts of quantitative features from medical images and belongsto the last category of innovations in medical imaging analysis[6].Radiomics provides a tool to comprehensively quantify and visual-ize intra-tumor heterogeneity at the radiological level,and aims toprovide an accurate prediction model and assist in guiding clinicalpractice.Recently,several radiomics studies have been conductedfor different cancers[7].Radiomics has been successfully appliedto the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of HCC[8].A few studieshave tried to predict MVI preoperatively with the radiomics tech-nique[6,9].However,the following key issues should still be ad-dressed:(i)at present,researchers have only used single-modalityimaging data to construct radiomics models.The use of multi-modality imaging data and its interactive information for the pre-operative prediction of MVI has not been explored.(ii)Radiomicstudies often use automatic and semi-automatic methods for seg-mentation,but since this process is not standardized between dif-ferent studies,the reproducibility may be affected.(iii)Most of theresults come from retrospective studies with a small patient co-hort.These studies lack rigorous independent multi-institution val-idation.(iv)Most studies that focused on preoperative MVI assess-ment did not report the pathological sampling protocol in detail.A worldwide standard for the pathological sampling of MVI shouldbe established.The use of radiomics for the preoperative predic-tion of MVI in liver cancer patients is still in its early stages,andlarge population studies are needed to validate the concept.Radiomics is a highly powerful tool that can provide importantinformation regarding diagnosis,individualized therapy,surveil-lance and prognosis in the future.High-precision preoperativeprediction of MVI in HCC through radiomics can hopefully beachieved.However,it may be too early to involve radiomics inclinical practice due to the limitations listed previously.Radiomicsmay play a powerful role in the future management of HCC pa-tients after validation with multicenter prospective clinical trials.https:///10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.04.0111499-3872/©2019First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine in China.Published by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.290G.Xu et al./Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International18(2019)289–290ContributorsXG and YHY contributed equally to this work.XHF proposed the study and revised the manuscript.XG and YHY wrote thefirst draft.All authors contributed to the design and interpretation of the study and to further drafts.XHF is the guarantor.FundingNone.Ethical approvalNot needed.Competing interestNo benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the sub-ject of this article.References[1]Rodríguez-Perálvarez M,Luong TV,Andreana L,Meyer T,Dhillon AP,Bur-roughs AK.A systematic review of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular car-cinoma:diagnostic and prognostic variability.Ann Surg Oncol2013;20:325–339.[2]Wang H,Du PC,Wu MC,Cong WM.Postoperative adjuvant transarte-rial chemoembolization for multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma within the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer early stage and microvascular invasion.Hepatobil-iary Surg Nutr2018;7:418–428.[3]Pawlik TM,Gleisner AL,Anders RA,Assumpcao L,Maley W,Choti MA.Preoper-ative assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma tumor grade using needle biopsy: implications for transplant eligibility.Ann Surg2007;245:435–442.[4]Imai K,Baba H.Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma associated withhepatic vein invasion:is it time to reconsider the current treatment guidelines?Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr2018;7:300–301.[5]Jiang HY,Chen J,Xia CC,Cao LK,Duan T,Song B.Noninvasive imaging ofhepatocellular carcinoma:from diagnosis to prognosis.World J Gastroenterol 2018;24:2348–2362.[6]Lambin P,Rios-Velazquez E,Leijenaar R,Carvalho S,van Stiphout RG,Granton P,et al.Radiomics:extracting more information from medical images using ad-vanced feature analysis.Eur J Cancer2012;48:441–446.[7]Lambin P,Leijenaar RTH,Deist TM,Peerlings J,de Jong EEC,van Tim-meren J,et al.Radiomics:the bridge between medical imaging and personalized medicine.Nat Rev Clin Oncol2017;14:749–762.[8]Zheng BH,Liu LZ,Zhang ZZ,Shi JY,Dong LQ,Tian LY,et al.Radiomics score:apotential prognostic imaging feature for postoperative survival of solitary HCC patients.BMC Cancer2018;18:1148.[9]Wu M,Tan H,Gao F,Hai J,Ning P,Chen J,et al.Predicting the grade of hepa-tocellular carcinoma based on non-contrast-enhanced MRI radiomics signature.Eur Radiol2018Nov7.doi:10.1007/s00330-018-5787-2.Received9April2019Accepted17April2019Available online24April2019。

linux中who命令的作用

linux中who命令的作用

linux中who命令的作用小朋友们呀,今天咱们来聊聊Linux里一个特别有趣的命令,叫做who命令。

你可以把Linux想象成一个超级大的魔法世界,里面有好多神奇的指令就像魔法咒语一样。

这个who命令呢,就像是一个小侦探。

它能告诉我们现在都有谁在这个Linux的魔法世界里“玩耍”呢。

比如说,在一个学校的计算机实验室里,好多同学都在使用Linux系统的电脑。

老师想知道现在都有哪些同学登录到系统里了,这个时候,who命令就派上大用场啦。

老师在电脑上输入这个命令,就像在问这个Linux系统:“系统呀,快告诉我现在都有谁在呀?”然后系统就会乖乖地把正在登录的同学的信息显示出来。

那它到底会显示些什么呢?它会告诉我们登录的用户名哦。

就像每个同学都有自己的名字一样,在Linux里登录的人也有自己的用户名。

比如说,小明同学登录了,那这个用户名可能就是“xiaoming”之类的。

而且呀,它还会告诉我们这个用户是从哪里登录的。

如果小明同学是在实验室的3号电脑登录的,那这个登录的地点信息也会显示出来呢。

这就好像我们知道小明同学是从哪个座位上进入这个Linux魔法世界的。

再打个比方,就像我们住在公寓里,管理员想知道现在都有哪些住户在家。

Linux 系统里的who命令就和管理员去每个房间查看谁在家一样,它会把现在登录系统的“住户”信息都找出来。

还有哦,如果是在一个大公司里,好多员工会使用公司的Linux服务器。

公司的网络管理员想要看看现在都有哪些员工正在使用服务器,只要用这个who命令,就能够清楚地知道啦。

这样管理员就能更好地管理服务器资源,就像老师能更好地管理实验室的电脑一样。

所以呀,这个who命令在Linux里是非常有用的,它就像一个小助手,能让我们快速地知道谁在这个Linux的世界里活动呢。

现在是不是觉得这个命令很有趣呀?。

医院常用缩写

医院常用缩写

医院常用缩写医嘱单上的常用缩写:这些缩写源于拉丁文,主要有以下:(按首个字母在字母表中的顺序排列)缩写原文(拉丁文/英文)中文译意备注12N——/12 clock at noon 中午12点Am ante meridiem/before noon 上午AC ante cibum/before meals 饭前PC表示饭后,HS表示临睡前BID bis in die/twice day 每日两次DC——/discontinue 停止MN——/mid night 午夜零点Pm post meridiem/after noon 下午PRN pro re nata/as necessary 需要时(长期医嘱)QD quaque die/every day 每日一次QID quarter in die/four times a day 每日四次Qh quaque hora/every hour 每小时一次Q.2h quaque 2 hora/every 2 hous 每2小时一次Q.4h,Q.6h等表示每4小时一次、每6小时一次QOD quaque omni die/every other day 隔日一次QM,QN分别表示每早一次、每晚一次ST statim/immediately 立即SOS si opus sit/one dose if necessary 需要时(限用一次,12小时内有效)TID ter in die/three times a day 每日三次常用的基本就这些了,还有ID表示皮内注射,IM表示肌肉注射,IH表示皮下注射,IVgtt表示静脉输液,PO表示口服。

这些常用缩写在医嘱单上都可以看到(长期医嘱单和临时医嘱单四、处方常用英文及其缩写1、常用剂型全名缩写中文名全名缩写中文名Solution Sol. 溶液剂Capsule Caps. 胶囊剂Mixture Mixt. 合剂Suppository Supp. 栓剂Injection Inj. 注射剂Unguent Ung. 软膏Syrup Syr. 糖浆剂Oculentum Ocul. 眼膏Tablet Tab. 片剂Decoction Dec. 煎剂Amplue Amp. 安瓿剂Granule Gran. 颗粒剂2、时间全名缩写中文名全名中文名全名每日1次q.d. 隔日1次q.o.d. 睡前h.s 每日2次 b.i.d. 每2 h 1次q.2h 饭前 a.c.每日3次t.i.d. 每晨o.m. 饭后p.c.每日4次q.i.d. 每晚o.n. 空腹 a.j.3、制剂用法中文名缩写中文名缩写中文名缩写各(各等量) aa 皮下注射i. h. 国际单位i.u.加至ad 肌肉注射i.m. 克g给予标记 d.s. 静脉注射i.v. 毫克mg混合给予标记M.D.S 皮内注射i.d. 微克mg适量p.s.p 双眼Oculis 毫升ml立即st. 右眼O.D. 鼻孔nar.用法Sig. 左眼O.L. 鼻用nasalis 外用ext. 双耳auribus 按医嘱m.d.口服p.o. 右耳aur.d. 滴注still.灌肠p.r. 左耳aur.l 滴gtt.需要时p.r.n. 用于患部p.a.a. 咽服、吞服degl.必要时s.o.s 直肠用pr.rect. 含嗽garg.老人用pr.sen. 阴道用pr.vagin 头发用r.capil 成人用pr.ad. 尿道用pr.urethr 咽喉用pr.jug. 婴儿用pr.inf. ? ? ?仅供个人用于学习、研究;不得用于商业用途。

小升初英语奥数题

小升初英语奥数题

小升初英文奥数题11、Did you know In the decimal number system base 10 ten different digits, 0 to 9, are used to write all the numbers. In the binary number system base 2 two different digits are used, i.e. 0 and 1. Which one of the following numbers is not a valid number in the octal number system base 8你知道吗在十进制数字系统中十个不同的数字,用从0到9就可以写出所有的数字了;在二进制数字系统中使用了二个不同的数字0和1.请问在八进制数字系统中,下列的哪一个数字是不存在的A 128B 127C 126D 125E 1242、The number of diagonals that can be drawn in a regular polygon with twenty sides icosagon is_____.一个规则的20多边形总共可以画出多少条对角线3、If a and b are integers, 103=1, 1507=3, and then 3796 is equal to_____.如果a和b都是整数,那么3796是等于多少4、Two numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3. When 4 is added to each number the ratio changes to 5 : 7.The sum of the two original numbers is____.假设二个数字的比值是2:3,当每个数字加上4以后,比值就变成了5:7.那么这二个数字之和是多少5、The greatest number of Mondays which can occur in 45 consecutive days is____在日历中,续45天中最多可以出现多少个星期一6、Saul plays a video game in which he scores 4 for a hit and lost 6 for a miss. After 20 rounds his score is 30. The number of times he has missed is____.索尔在玩一个电子游戏,击中一次得4分,打偏则扣6分.20个回合后他的得分是30分,那么他打偏了多少次7、Three girls A, B and C run in a 100 m race. When A finishes, B is 10 m behindA and whenB finishesC is 20 m behind B. How far in metres was C from A when A finishedLet’s assume all the athletes run at a constant speed有A,B,C三个女孩进行100米赛跑.当A到达终点时,B落后A 10米,当B到达终点时,C落后B 20米.那么当A到达终点时,C落后A多少米假设所有的人都是匀速的8、The areas of the faces of a rectangular box are 84 cm2 , 70 cm2and 30 cm2.The volume of the box in cm3 is____.一个长方形盒子的表面积依次为84cm2,70 cm2 ,30 cm2,那么这个盒子的体积是多少9、You have 3 weights: 1 kg, 3 kg and 9 kg as well as an equal arm balance, as shown. How many different weight objects can you weigh with these threeRemember the weights may be placed on either side你有三个重物:1kg,3kg,9kg,还有一个等臂天平.那么你可以用这三个重物称多少个不同物体记得这些重物可以放在天平的任意一边小升初英文奥数题21. An ant covers adistance of 90 metrers in 3 hours .The average speed of the ant in decimetres per minute is____.一只小蚂蚁用了3个小时爬行了90米,那么它的平均速度是每分钟多少分米2.The Ancient Romans used the follwing different numerals in their number system as follows:Ⅰ=1 C=100 V=500 Ⅹ=10 M=1000 ,etc L=50 . They used these numerals to make up numbers as follows:Ⅰ=1,Ⅱ=2,Ⅲ=3,Ⅳ=4,Ⅴ=5,Ⅵ=6,Ⅶ=7,Ⅷ=8,Ⅸ=9,Ⅹ=10.So ,for example,XCIX is 99.What is the value of XLVI古罗马人用下面的符号来计数:…….,比如XCIX是99,XLVI等于多少3.In a certain town some people were affected bya'flu' epidemic .In the first month20% of the population contracted the ful whilst 80% were healthy.In the following month 20% of the sick people recovred and the 20% of the healthy people contractedthe disease . What fraction of the population is healthy at the end of the healthy month在某个小镇里一些人感染了流行性感冒.在第一个月里有20%的分感染了,但80%的人是健康的.在接下来一个月里,有20%的病人恢复了健康,但是20%的健康的人也感染了.那么现在总共健康的人数的百分比是多少4.Mpho,Barry ,Sipho,Erica and Fatima are sitting on a park bench .Mpho is not sittingon the far right. Barry is not sitting on the far left. Sipho is not sitting at either end .Erica si sitting to the right of Barry ,but not necessarily next tohim .Fatima is not sitting next to Sipho.Sipho is not sitting next to Barry .Who is sitting at the far rightMpho,Barry ,Sipho,Erica 和 Fatima坐在公园的长椅上.Mpho坐在不远的右边,Barry坐在不远的左边,Sipho不坐在长椅的任何一头,Eric坐在Barry的右边,但是并不需要挨着他,Fatima也不挨着Sipho,Sipho也不挨着Barry,那么谁坐在最右边5.Of the 28 T shirts in a drawer ,six are red ,five are blue ,and the rest arewhite.IfBob selects T-shirhs at random whilst packing for a holiday ,what is the least numberhe must remove from the drawer to be sure that he has three T-shirts of the same colour 抽屉里有28件T-恤衫,6个红色的,5个蓝色的,剩下的都是白色的,如果他随意取出T-恤衫去度假,要确保他有3件是同一颜色的,请问他从抽屉中拿出的T-恤衫的最少数量是多少件6.In an alien language ,jalez borg farn means "good maths skills".Nurf klar borg means"maths in harmony" and darko klar farn means"good in gold" .What is "harmony gold "in this language在外星人语言中,jalez borg farn 意思是 "good maths skills".………7.Five children ,Amelia ,Bongani ,Charles,Devine and Edwina ,were in the classroom when one of them broke a window. The teacher asked each of them to make a statement about the event,knowing that three of them always lie and two always tell the truth.Their statements were as follows :Amelia :"Charles did not break it ,nor did Devine." Bongani:"I didn't break it ,nor did Devine ." Charles:"I didn 't break it ,but Edwina did ." Devine;"Amelia or Edwina broke it ."Edwina:"Charles broke it."Who broke the window五个熊孩子,Amelia ,Bongani ,Charles,Devine and Edwina,在教室里玩疯了,突然有一个打破了窗户.老师先让每个人坦白一下事件,其实老师心里知道有三个孩子总是撒谎,二个爱讲实话.下面是他们的辩词:Amelia:不是Charles干的,也不是Devine干的.Bongani:我没有打破窗户,Devine也没有.Charles:我没有,是Edwina 干得.Devine:是Amelia或者Edwina 干得.Edwina:是Charles干得.那么到底是谁打破了窗户8. Did you know A palindrome你知道吗回文数字是一种顺读和倒读都一样的数.比如35453. 2002年就是一个这样的例子.那么2002和它前一个回文数字年的差别是多少小升初英文奥数题31、In 2004, 16 June falls on a Wednesday. On what day of the week will 16 June fall in2010在2004年,六月16号是星期三,那么在2010年六月16是星期几呢如果一个数的一半是30,那么这个数的四分之三是多少3、The sum of the digits of the following product 999×555 is999×555的积的数位上的数字之和是多少4、Three positive integers have a sum of 28. The greatest possible product that these integers can have is_____.三个正整数之和是28,那么这三个正整数之积最大可能是多少5、In what follows, □ and Δ are different numbers.When 503 is divided by □ the remainder is 20.When 503 is divided by Δ the remainder is 20.When 493 is divided by □ x Δ the remainder is_____.有如下几个例子,□和Δ都代表不同的数字,□除以503的余数是20. Δ除以503的余数也是20,那么493除以□×Δ之积的余数是多少6、A lady, her brother, her son and her daughter all related by birth played volleyball. The worst player's twin who is one of the four players and the best player are of opposite sex.The worst player and the best player are of the same age.Who cannot be the worst players一位女士,她的弟弟,她的儿子,她的女儿,都打排球.妈妈和她的弟弟是双胞胎,她自己的女儿和儿子也是双胞胎.最差的球员的双胞胎之一和最好的球员性别是相反的,最差的球员和最好的年龄是一样的.那么谁不可能是最差的A brother onlyB daughter onlyC son and daughter onlyD lady and daughter only7、If you continue the given number pattern, in what row and in what position in that row will the number 320 be如果你继续把下面这组数字模式写下去,那么在多少排、在这一排的什么位置将会是数字3201 -------------- row 12 3 -------------- row 24 5 6 -------------- row 37 8 9 10 -------------- row 4The answers are given in the order of row ; position.10.Two ants start at point A and walk at the same pace .One ant walks around a 3 cm by 3 cm square whilst the other walks around a 6cm by 3 cm rectangle .What is the minimun distance ,in centimetres,any one must cover before they meet again二只可怜的小蚂蚁都以同样的速度从A点出发.其中一只爬行了3cm×3cm的正方形,另一只爬行了6cm×3cm的长方形.那么如果二只蚂蚁再次相遇,每只必须爬行的最小距离的多少参考答案11、A 考察我们学过的简单的进制问题,显然8进制中没有8出现2、170 找规律,公式为n×n-3÷23、1 定义新运算,就是求379÷6的余数.4、40,16和245、76、57、28米,根据距离比求出速度比,三者的速度比为1:9/10:18/258、420 分解质因数9、13种21、单位换算,注意单词,90×10÷3×602、463、68%4、Erica5、7,抽屉原则6、nurf darko.注意一一对应,borg=maths,farn=good,jalez=skills,klar=in,nurf=harmony,darko=gold.7、Charles8、100131、Wednesday2、453、27求数位上上的数字之和4、28=9+9+10,因此答案为8105、503-20=483 483=3×7×23=21×23,因此□ x Δ=483,因此此题余数是10.6、D 7、25,2010、108△ABO的面积为16,等腰△DOC的面积占长方形面积的18%,那么阴影△AOC的面积是多少2、已知△ABC中,AB=AC=16, △ABC面积是64,P是BC上任意一点,P到AB,AC的距离分别是X、Y,那么X+Y=______3、从1到999这999个自然数中有______个数的各位数字之和能被4整除.4、如图乘法竖式中,"学而思杯"代表0 ~ 9中的一个数字,相同的汉字代表相同的数字,不同的汉字代表不同的数字,那么"学而思杯"分别代表的数字是_______5、学学和思思结伴骑车去图书馆看书,第一天他们从学校直接去图书馆;第二天他们先去公园再去图书馆;第三天公园修路不能通行.则这三天从学校到图书馆的最短路线分别有_______种不同的走法.1、10个不同非0自然数的和为1001,则这10个数的最大公约数的最大值_____2、"学而思杯思而学"是一个七位回文数字,其中相同的汉字代表相同的数字,不同的汉字代表不同的数字.已知这个七位数第1位能被2整除,前2位组成的2位数能为3整除,前3位组成的3位数数能被4整除,…… ,前7位数组成的七位数能被8整除.那么"学而思杯思而学"=_______ .3、如图,△ABC是等腰直角三角形,DEFG是正方形,线段AB与CD相交于K点.已知正方形DEFG的面积48,AK: KB=1: 3,则△BKD的面积是_________4、甲、乙两队各出5名队员按事先排好的顺序出场参加象棋擂台赛,双方先由1号队员比赛,负者被淘汰,胜者再与负方2号队员比赛,……直至有一方队员全被淘汰为止,另一方获得胜利.各个队员的胜负排列便形成一种比赛过程.已知每次比赛都没有和局,问所有可能的比赛过程有多少种参考答案:一、填空题每题5分,共25分1、17702、153、24192004、35、14,63,147二、填空题每题7分,共35分1、3.52、83、2484、32015、16,8,81、132、42858243、124、25。

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初中生汉字听写大赛后20%.
●173沁园春·雪
●北国风光,千里冰封,万里雪飘。

望长城内外,惟馀莽莽;大河上下,顿失滔滔。

山舞银蛇,原驰蜡象,欲与天公试比高。

须晴日,看红妆素裹,分外妖娆。

●江山如此多娇,
引无数英雄竞折腰。

惜秦皇汉武,略输文采;唐宗宋祖,稍逊风骚。

一代天骄,成吉思汗,只识弯弓射大雕。

俱往矣,数风流人物,还看今朝。


●174.卜算子·咏梅
●风雨送春归,
飞雪迎春到。

已是悬崖百丈冰,
犹有花枝俏。

●俏也不争春,
只把春来报。

待到山花烂漫时,
她在丛中笑

●175采桑子·重阳
●人生易老天难老,
岁岁重阳。

今又重阳,
战地黄花分外香。

●一年一度秋风劲,
不似春光。

胜似春光,
廖廓江天万里霜

●176蝶恋花·答李淑一
●我失骄杨君失柳,
杨柳轻扬直上重霄九。

问讯吴刚何所有,
吴刚捧出桂花酒。

●寂寞嫦娥舒广袖,
万里长空且为忠魂舞。

忽报人间曾伏虎,
泪飞顿作倾盆雨

●177浪淘沙·北戴河
●大雨落幽燕,
白浪滔天,
秦皇岛外打鱼船。

一片汪洋都不见,
知向谁边?
●往事越千年,
魏武挥鞭,
东临碣石有遗篇。

萧瑟秋风今又是,
换了人间。


●178念奴娇·昆仑
●横空出世,莽昆仑,阅尽人间春色。

飞起玉龙三百万,搅得周天寒彻。

夏日消溶,江河横溢,人或为鱼鳖。

千秋功罪,谁人曾与评说?
●而今我谓昆仑:不要这高,不要这多雪。

安得倚天抽宝剑,把汝裁为三截?
一截遗欧,一截赠美,一截还东国。

太平世界,环球同此凉热。


●179菩萨蛮·大柏地
●赤橙黄绿青蓝紫,
谁持彩练当空舞?
雨后复斜阳,
关山阵阵苍。

●当年鏖战急,
弹洞前村壁,
装点此关山,
今朝更好看

●180七律·长征
●红军不怕远征难,
万水千山只等闲。

五岭逶迤腾细浪,
乌蒙磅礴走泥丸。

金沙水拍云崖暖,
大渡桥横铁索寒。

更喜岷山千里雪,
三军过后尽开颜

●181七律·人民解放军占领南京
●钟山风雨起苍黄,
百万雄师过大江。

虎踞龙盘今胜昔,
天翻地覆慨而慷。

宜将剩勇追穷寇,
不可沽名学霸王。

天若有情天亦老,
人间正道是沧桑。


●182沁园春·长沙
●独立寒秋,湘江北去,橘子洲头。

看万山红遍,层林尽染;
漫江碧透,百舸争流。

鹰击长空,鱼翔浅底,
万类霜天竞自由。

怅寥廓,问苍茫天地,谁主沉浮?
●携来百侣曾游,
忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠。

恰同学少年,风华正茂;
书生意气,挥斥方遒。

指点江山,激扬文字,
粪土当年万户侯。

曾记否,到中流击水,浪遏飞舟●
●184清平乐·六盘山
●天高云淡,
望断南飞雁。

不到长城非好汉,
屈指行程两万。

●六盘山上高峰,
红旗漫卷西风。

今日长缨在手,
何时缚住苍龙?

●186水调歌头·游泳
●才饮长沙水,
又食武昌鱼。

万里长江横渡,
极目楚天舒。

不管风吹浪打,
胜似闲庭信步,
今日得宽馀。

子在川上曰:
逝者如斯夫!
●风樯动,
龟蛇静,
起宏图。

一桥飞架南北,
天堑变通途。

更立西江石壁,
截断巫山云雨,
高峡出平湖。

神女应无恙,
当惊世界殊

●187水调歌头·重上井冈山●久有凌云志,
重上井冈山。

千里来寻故地,
旧貌变新颜。

到处莺歌燕舞,
更有潺潺流水,
高路入云端。

过了黄洋界,
险处不须看。

●189西江月·井冈山
●山下旌旗在望,
山头鼓角相闻。

敌军围困万千重,
我自岿然不动。

●早已森严壁垒,
更加众志成城。

黄洋界上炮声隆,
报道敌军宵遁。

●宋词

●192雨霖铃柳永
●寒蝉凄切。

●对长亭晚,
●骤雨初歇。

●都门帐饮无绪,
●留恋处、
●兰舟催发。

●执手相看泪眼,
●竟无语凝噎。

●念去去、
●千里烟波,
●暮霭沉沉楚天阔。

●多情自古伤离别,
●更那堪冷落清秋节!
●今宵酒醒何处?
●杨柳岸、
●晓风残月。

●此去经年,
●应是良辰好景虚设。

●便纵有千种风情,●更与何人说?

●193满江红
●岳飞
●怒发冲冠,
●凭栏处、
●潇潇雨歇。

●抬望眼,
●仰天长啸,
●壮怀激烈。

●三十功名尘与土,●八千里路云和月。

●莫等闲、
●白了少年头,
●空悲切。

●靖康耻,
●犹未雪。

●臣子恨,
●何时灭!
●驾长车,
●踏破贺兰山缺。

●壮志饥餐胡虏肉,●笑谈渴饮匈奴血。

●待从头收拾旧山河,●朝天阙。


●195●如梦令
●李清照
●常记溪亭日暮,
●沉醉不知归路。

●兴尽晚回舟,
●误入藕花深处。

●争渡,争渡,
●惊起一滩鸥鹭

●196●水调歌头
●苏轼
●明月几时有?
●把酒问青天。

●不知天上宫阙,
●今夕是何年。

●我欲乘风归去,
●又恐琼楼玉宇,
●高处不胜寒。

●起舞弄清影,
●何似人间!
●转朱阁,
●低绮户,
●照无眠。

●不应有恨,
●何事长向别时圆?●
●197念奴娇·赤壁怀古●苏轼
●大江东去,
●浪淘尽、
●千古风流人物。

●故垒西边,
●人道是、
●三国周郎赤壁。

●乱石崩云,
●惊涛裂岸,
●卷起千堆雪。

●江山如画,
●一时多少豪杰!
●遥想公瑾当年,
●小乔初嫁了,
●雄姿英发。

●羽扇纶巾,
●谈笑间、
●樯橹灰飞烟灭。

●故国神游,
●多情应笑我、
●早生华发。

●人间如梦,
●一樽还酹江月。


●199定风波
●苏轼
●莫听穿林打叶声,
●何妨吟啸且徐行。

●竹杖芒鞋轻胜马,
●谁怕!
●一蓑烟雨任平生。

●料峭春风吹酒醒,
●微冷,
●山头斜照却相迎。

●回首向来萧瑟处,
●归去,
●也无风雨也无晴。


●200菩萨蛮书江西造口壁●辛弃疾
●郁孤台下清江水,
●中间多少行人泪。

●西北是长安,
●可怜无数山。

●青山遮不住,
●毕竟东流去。

●江晚正愁余,
●山深闻鹧鸪。

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