代词基础练习题及答案
代词练习题(附答案)
代词练习题(附答案)代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。
代词可分以下九类：1．人称代词主格（在句中作主语）有：I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they宾格（在句中作宾语）有： me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them 2．物主代词形容词性的物主代词（作定语）有： my，your，his，her，its,our，your，their名词性的物主代词（作主语、表语，宾语）有： mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs3．反身代词（自身代词）有myself，herself，themselves等。
4．相互代词有： each other，one another5．提示代词有： this ，that ，these ，those6．疑问代词（用来引导特殊疑问句）有who，what，whose等。
7．关系代词（用来引导定语从句）有which，that，who 等。
8．连接代词（用来引导名词性从句）有： what，who，whose等。
9．不定代词有all，each，both，either，neither，one,any等。
10．不定代词指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。
下面列出部分不定代词的用法比较：1．both和all ： both 指两者，all 指三者以上。
Both of the answers are right．两个答案都对。
All the answers are correct．所有的答案都对。
2．every和each：every指至少三个，强调共性，each可指小到两个，强调个体。
Every room is clean and tidy．每一个房间都很整洁。
Each student may try twice．每个学生可以试两次。
3．either和neither都是谈两个人或物：．Either of the answers is right．两个答案都对。
代词练习题带答案
代词练习题带答案一、单项选择代词1．---Mary has a very low opinion of George.---It can' t be any worse than ____ of her.A．he B．hisC．him D．he does【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查代词。
句意：——Mary对George的评价不高。
——但没有哪一种评价比George对Mary的评价更差。
此处指的是George对Mary的评价，为his（opinion），故B项正确。
2．The manager was very angry, for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterday, half of _________ unqualified.A．them B．what C．which D．whom【答案】A【解析】本题考查独立主格结构。
句意：经理很生气，因为昨天他给他的生意伙伴寄去了2000台机器，其中一半不合格。
题中的unqualified为形容词。
此题容易误选C。
C项前缺少谓语动词。
3．-Which of the ways should I take to the village?- way as you please．All seem to be equal in distance．A．Neither B．None C．Any D．Either【答案】C【解析】考查代词：A．Neither两者都不，B．None三者以上都不，C．Any三者任何一个，D．Either两者任何一个，从后面的all看出路是三条以上，句意是：--你想走哪条路去村子？-你喜欢走哪条就走哪条，距离上都是一样的。
选C。
4．The Olympic Games makes _____ possible for people to live side by side in peace.A．this B．it C．that D．不填【答案】B【解析】本题的含义是奥运会使人们能够和平的生活在一起成为可能，本题make后的真正宾语位于句尾用动词不定式，那么在英文中通常用形式宾语it来代替真正的主语，故本题选B。
高中英语代词练习题(含答案)
高中英语代词练习题(含答案)代词可以分为下列九类1 人称代词（personal pronouns）: I You She2 物主代词（Possessive Pronouns）: My, His3 自身代词（self pronouns）: myself4. 相互代词（reciprocal pronouns）: one another, each other5. 指示代词（demonstrative Pronouns）:this, that, those, these6. 疑问代词（interrogative pronouns）: who, whom, whose, what, which用来构成特殊问句的。
7. 关系代词（relative pronouns）: who, whom, whose, that, which等引导定语从句的。
8. 连接代词（conjunctive pronouns）:疑问代词都可以用作连接代词，来引起主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句。
9 不定代词（indefinite pronouns）: all, each, both等一人称代词人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格。
在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me.但在强调结构中却常用主格：It was he who did it.It is she who wants this clothes.在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意：1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。
e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do.2) 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。
e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case.3) 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。
He and she still don’t agree to the plan.二物主代词1.1）表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine.2) 主语Ours is a big family.3) 宾语Let’s clean their room first and ours later.2. “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is …….三11）作宾语I can’t express myself in English.2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。
代词练习题带答案
代词练习题带答案代词是英语语法中非常重要的一部分，它们可以代替名词，使句子更加简洁。
以下是一些代词练习题以及相应的答案，帮助学生更好地理解和运用代词。
练习题：1. 用适当的代词填空。
- 这个苹果是我的，那个是你的。
(A) This apple is mine, that one is yours.2. 选择正确的代词形式完成句子。
- 我找到了我的书，但你的在哪里？(A) I found my book, but where is yours?3. 用适当的代词替换括号中的名词。
- 李明和我会参加聚会。
（李明）(A) Li Ming and I will attend the party.4. 用代词指代前文提到的名词。
- 我的猫很友好。
它喜欢坐在我的腿上。
(A) My cat is friendly. It likes to sit on my lap.5. 用适当的代词填空。
- 我昨天买了一辆新车，它非常漂亮。
(A) I bought a new car yesterday, it is very beautiful.6. 选择正确的代词形式填空。
- 我们喜欢这个公园，我们经常来这里。
(A) We like this park, we often come here.7. 用代词替换括号中的名词。
- 张华借了我的书，他还没有还给我。
(A) Zhang Hua borrowed my book, he hasn't returned it to me yet.8. 用适当的代词填空。
- 这是我的书包，你的在桌子上。
(A) This is my backpack, yours is on the table.9. 选择正确的代词形式填空。
- 他们正在玩足球，他们看起来很快乐。
(A) They are playing soccer, they look very happy.10. 用代词替换括号中的名词。
英语代词练习题及答案
英语代词练习题1.The food of Yunnan is better than____of Bangkok.A.oneB.thatC.thoseD.ones【答案】B2.There were three food accidents in this area last month.Two of them were serious and_____ was not.A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.the other【答案】D3.He has two children,and_____of them are working in the west of China.A.allB.bothC.neitherD.either【答案】B4.This book isn’t_____.It belongs to_____.A.his;sheB.his;herC.him;herD.he;she【答案】B5.In our class there are46students,and half of_____wear glasses.A.themB.whomC.whichD.who【答案】A6.Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us,including_____in architecture.A.thoseB.thatC.thisD.these【答案】A7.Mr.Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except_____who had already taken them.A.the onesB.onesC.someD.the others【答案】A8.My parents advised_____to study hard in senior high school.A.IB.myC.mineD.me【答案】D9.—Brenda bought a Huawei P60cellphone last week.—Oh,really?How I wish I could get_____as well!A.oneB.itC.thatD.another【答案】A10.Mr.Adam,Mr.Neal and three_____teachers were there.A.anotherB.otherC.the otherD.others【答案】B11.The cost of buying an apartment in central Tianjin is higher than_____in any other area of the city.A.thatB.thisC.itD.one【答案】A12.In many ways,the education system in China is different from_____in the UK.A.itB.thoseC.oneD.that【答案】D13.To____astonishment,she passed the exam.A.herB.itsC.theD.one’s【答案】A14.Our home is finer than____.A.yours or himselfB.you or heC.yours or hisD.yours or him 【答案】C15.The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but_____contained any useful suggestions.A.allB.noneC.eitherD.neither【答案】D16._____of them knew anything about the plan because it was a closely-guarded secret.A.SomeB.NoneC.No oneD.Any【答案】B17.There are some tall trees on_____side of the street.So you will feel cool.A.bothB.allC.neitherD.either【答案】D18.There were three books on my table.One is here.Where are_____?A.othersB.the othersC.the otherD.another【答案】B19.This is not the only answer to the question.There are_____.A.the othersB.othersC.anotherD.the other 【答案】B20.Please give me_____chance.A.otherB.the otherC.anotherD.the others 【答案】C21.Mr.Turner bought two bikes.One was for his wife,and_____was for his son.A.anotherB.otherC.the otherD.one【答案】C22.There’s no_____way to do it.A.otherB.the otherC.anotherD.others【答案】A23.There are two trees in front of my house.One is a jujube tree,and_____is also a jujube tree.A.otherB.anotherC.the otherD.the others 【答案】C24.I’ll spend half of my holiday practicing English and_____half learning drawing.A.anotherB.the otherC.other’sD.other【答案】B25.No one noticed the knife in his_____hand.A.otherB.the otherC.anotherD.else【答案】A26.Tom,you should know how to get on well with_____.A.anotherB.othersC.the otherD.other【答案】B27.He has two sons.One is a doctor,_____is a student.He is now studying at a university.A.anotherB.the otherC.the othersD.another【答案】B28.The cars made in China are generally cheaper than_____imported.A.thatB.whichC.themD.those【答案】D29.My teacher always tells us that the people who achieve great things in this world are_____ that believe they can achieve great things.A.the oneB.onesC.the onesD.that【答案】C30.The summer holiday is drawing near,and I wish to travel to a different city,especially _____with an ocean view.A.itB.oneC.thisD.that【答案】B。
代词(单选题 30题 含解析)初中英语专题练习
代词（单选题 30题含解析）初中英语专题练习一、单选题（共30题）1．The baby is too young. Don’t leave her at home by .A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself2．—Let’s go to see a film this weekend, can we go on Saturday or Sunday?—____________ is OK. I’ m not free at weekends.A. NeitherB. EitherC. EveryD. Each3． Mrs. Brown is very nice. All the teenagers like ________.A. itB. himC. herD. them 4．—Excuse me, is there a supermarket nearby?—I know ________. I will take you there.A．it B．one C．some D．that5．—Do you speak English or French in Canada?—I don’t mind. is OK.A.NeitherB.EitherC.Both6．—New kinds of morning exercise like doing dancing are becoming popular.—__________ can help us keep fit and have fun.A. WeB. YouC. They7． Last month the students in Changjiang Road Primary School held the "Ten Years of Growth Ceremony" to celebrate _________ 10th birthday together.A. theyB. theirC. themD. theirs 8．—When would you like to go swimming with me, this Friday or this Saturday?—. I am free only this Sunday.A.NeitherB.NoneC.Both9．—Did Billy find his umbrella in the supermarket?—No. Maybe ________ took it by mistake.A. SomebodyB. everybodyC. anybodyD. nobody10． of the couple likes playing the instruments. But of them can play the violin well.A.Either; bothB.Both; eitherC.Either; neither11．—Mum, my jeans are too short for me.—Let’s go to buy new ______ for you this afternoon.A．ones B．it C．one D．other12．The Little Prince is __________ favorite book.A. heB. hisC. himD. himself 13．—Uncle Lee, may I use your bike?—Sorry, mine is broken. You can ask your aunt for .A.mineB.hisC.hers14． Li Mei is my friend. ________ is 11 and ________ English name is Alice.A. Her; herB. She; herC. She; sheD. Her; she15．— The air in our city this year is much better than ________ last year.— Yes. We should do many more things to help improve it.A．it B．that C．those16．—Lisa, would you like to climb Yuelu Mountain with me tomorrow?—I’d love to, but I have the driving test tomorrow. Let’s make it __________ day.A. otherB. anotherC. the other17． I discovered that listening to ________ is the secret ________ language learning.A. something interesting, toB. interesting something, toC. something interested, of 18．The Chinese Skyeye and High-speed Train interest people a lot because of them are leading the world in science and technology.A.bothB.eachC.eitherD.neither19．—Who will send you to the new school, your mom or your dad?—________. I’ll go there on a bus by myself.A．Both B．Either C．None D．Neither20．All of us can’t avoid making mistakes. After all, ________ is perfect.A．somebody B．anybody C．everybody D．nobody 21．—Dad, I’m afraid I can’t do well in my math test tomorrow.—Don’t worry. Believe in ________.A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself22．—Why are you laughing, Tony?—There is ________ funny in the magazine.A．anything B．something C．everything D．nothing23．—Can you show your new book to ______?—OK. Here you are.A．I B．me C．my D．mine24．Our English teacher, Miss Li, is kind and patient. We all like ________.A．she B．her C．hers D．herself25．After several interviews, Sophia waited for a reply, but ________ came.A．either B．all C．neither D．none26． Different people have different hobbies. Some like reading books, and ________ like drawing pictures.A. the otherB. othersC. anotherD. the others27． The twin sisters were very tired on their way home, but ________ of them would stop for a rest.A. eitherB. neitherC. noneD. both 28．—Is ________ here?—Yes. We are all ready.A. somebodyB. neitherC. everybodyD. none 29．— Mum, when shall we go to China Grand Canal Museum, this Saturday or Sunday? — ________ is OK. I have to work overtime this weekend.A．Both B．Either C．Neither D．None30．—I can’t find the book I bought this morning.—Well, Simon is reading ________ over there. Why not go and see if it is yours?A．one B．that C．it D．this【参考答案】一、单选题（共30题）1．D【解析】本题考查的是反身代词的用法。
代词练习试题和答案解析(完整版)
专业整理代词练习题完整版1.My seat is next to _______ of the famous writer so I could ask for some advice from him about writing. A. thatB. thisC. itD. one【答案与解析】 A 。
句意：我的座位挨着那位著名作家的座位，因此我可以寻求关于写作方面的建议。
tha t 替代同类异物，为了避免重复，代替前面提到的可数名词，或不可数名词，表特指， 此处替代 the seat ，且特指“那位名作家的座位”，故选 A 项。
one 虽然也是替代同类异 物，但是只替代可数名词，表泛指。
it 替代同类同物。
2.The stor y conveys a stron g message, _______ that will hopefully tou ch all who read it.A. itB. thatC. thoseD.one【答案与解析】 D 。
句意：这个故事传递给我们一个很强的信息，一个有望能感动所有读到它的人的信息。
这里的 one 与前面的 a stron g message 形成同位语的关系， it /that 不具有这种 用法， those 指复数形式，故选D 项。
3.A t our factory there are a few machines similar to _______ described in this magazine.A. themB. theseC.those D. ones 【答案与解析】 C 。
比较对象的替代通常可以用that 替代不可数名词， those 替代可数名词 复数，故此处用 those 替代比较对象 machines 。
句意：我们厂里有几台机器与这本杂志上所描述的机器很像。
4. — Would youlike tea or coffee?—_______, thank you. I ’ve just had some water.A. EitherB. BothC. A nyD.Neither【答案与解析】 D 。
英语代词练习题20篇及解析
英语代词练习题20篇及解析一、初中英语代词1．Students have more chances to learn from ______________ if working in groups.A. other eachB. each otherC. the otherD. one other【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：如果分组学习，学生们有更多的机会互相学习。
根据句意，可知是说互相学习，互相，each other，故答案为B。
【点评】考查代词辨析，注意代词的词义。
2．—Do you know where the last two pictures went?—A millionaire bought ____ of them. He thought they were worthwhile.A. eitherB. eachC. noneD. both 【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：——你知道最后两张照片放哪儿了吗？——一个百万富翁买了他们。
他认为他们是值得买的。
either两者中的如何一个，each两个或多个中的每一个，none没有，多个的否定，both两者都，根据the last two pictures 可知指的是两者，用both，故答案为D。
【点评】考查不定代词的用法。
注意区别这几个不定代词的用法。
3．—Does the pink toy piggy belong to __________?—No. __________ is a purple one.A. hers; HersB. her; HersC. her; Her【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：——这只粉色的小猪玩具属于她吗？——不，她的是一只紫色的。
A. hers; Hers名词性物主代词，名词性物主代词； B. her; Hers人称代词宾格，名词性物主代词；C. her; Her人称代词宾格，人称代词宾格。
代词基础练习题
代词基础练习题一、单项选择代词1.Of those who are married,in more than 80 percent of cases,the wives' education background is equal or higher than of their husbands.A. itB. oneC. thatD. the one【答案】C【解析】考查代词。
句意：在已婚者中，80%以上的妻子受教育程度等于或高于丈夫。
此处是代词that代替"education background”, that代指同类但不是同一个的事物，即同类异物。
it是替代前面提到的同一事物。
one是泛指，代替单数可数名词；the one是替代与前面提到的事物同一类的事物，代替单数可数名词，education background是抽象名词，不能用the one 替代。
故选C。
2.Do you consider any good doing many scientific experiments?A.thereB.thisC.itD.one【答案】C【解析】it是形式宾语，代替doing；good是形容词，因此选C3.—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow?— No. I’d rather buy in the bookstoreA. one; oneB. one; itC. it; oneD. it; it【答案】C【解析】指代物体时，one指代同名异物，it指代同名同物，根据题意选C。
你要去买它吗？- 不，我宁愿去书店买一个。
4.--Do you know the 3G mobile phone will come into the market soon?--Really? It is said to be superior any other model. I can,t wait to buy.A.to ; oneB.than; oneC.to ; itD.than; it【答案】A【解析】短语搭配be superior to比…高级；one相当于a phone。
小学英语代词练习题及答案 含解析
小学英语代词练习题及答案80题含解析一、单项选择题（每题1分，共40分）1. _______ is my book. It’s on the table.A. MineB. YourC. HisD. Her【答案】A【解析】Mine是“我的”的意思，指代前面提到的“my book”。
2. Mary and I went to the park yesterday. _______ had a great time.A. SheB. HeC. TheyD. We【答案】D【解析】We指的是“我和Mary”，根据句意可知选D。
3. Tom is wearing a blue shirt. _______ looks good on him.A. MeB. HimC. HerD. Us【答案】B【解析】Him指的是Tom，代替了前面的Tom。
4. Emily bought a new bike. _______ rides it to school every day.A. SheB. HeC. TheyD. We【答案】A【解析】She指的是Emily，代替了前面的Emily。
5. Look at those dogs. _______ are running in the park.A. IB. YouC. TheyD. We【答案】C【解析】They指的是dogs，代替了前面提到的主语。
6. My parents gave _______ a present on my birthday.A. IB. MeC. MyselfD. Mine【答案】B【解析】Me是宾格代词，表示动作的接受者。
7. She is not feeling well. _______ decided to stay at home.A. SheB. HeC. TheyD. We【答案】A【解析】She指的是前面提到的主语，表示主语的决定。
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A．them B．each
C．one D．it
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查代词。句意：我们有许多暑期夏令营，你可以根据自己的兴趣选择一个。A. them它们；B. each每一个；C. one一个，为泛指，泛指同类事物或人中的某一个；D. it为特指，特指上文提到的某人或者某事物。根据语境可知，此处应是表示泛指的某一个，在此泛指上句提到的many summer camps中的某一个，故选C。
代词基础练习题及答案
一、单项选择代词
1．Mr. and Mrs. Scott prefer a restaurant in a small town to ______ in so large a city as New York.
A．this B．one
C．it D．that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
句意：我发现今天我们很难理解古代的英语。
考点：代词／不定代词
6．To British people, Canadians may sound American; To Americans, they may sound British. Canadians themselves insist on not being identified with _________.
A．worriedB．to worryC．worryingD．worry
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：担心它没用，你做什么多改变不了它。It’s no usedoing sth.做某事没用。故选C。
考点：考查固定句式。
4．I’d appreciate ______ if you would pick me up at seven this evening.
19．I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use this computer.
A．thatB．this
C．youD．it
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查it做形式宾语。句意：如果你能教我如何使用这台电脑，我将不胜感激。此处it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的从句。固定句式：I would appreciate it if...，“如果.......，我将不胜感激”。故选D项。
考点：不定代词
8．— Did you call on any of your old friends when you returned to your hometown ?
—______ of them . They were all very busy .
A．NobodyB．NoneC．BothD．Neither
考查代词。句意：Scott先生和太太喜欢在小镇上的餐馆，而不喜欢在像纽约这样的大城市里的餐馆。prefer A to B比起……更喜欢……，该句型是固定句型，用one代替another restaurant，故选B。
2．You should make ______ a rule to leave things______ you can find them easily.
13．I don’t exactly know what the woman is, but I think she can bebut a doctor.
A．anybodyB．something
C．anythingD．everybody
【答案】C
【解析】
考查固定搭配。句意：我不太清楚那个女人是做什么的，但我认为她决不是医生。anything but…为固定搭配，意为“决不是……”，故选C项。
A．neitherB．bothC．anyD．either
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：本题考查代词。A. neither也不；B. both两个都；C. any任何；D. either两者之一。not…either两者都不。故选D。
【知识拓展】
1. neither两者都不；neither---nor---既不---也不2. both两个都；both---and---两个都---3. either两者之一；either---or---或者---或者---。
11．They have done much of the work; when will ________ be finished?
A．the restB．the other
C．anotherD．the others
【答案】A
【解析】
答案：A代词用法。the rest可指代前面的不可数名词work,而其它三项均不可指代不可数名词。
18．Don’t take _____ for granted that he will keep his promise.
A．oneB．it
C．thisD．that
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查it作形式宾语。句意：不要想当然地认为他会信守诺言。句中的“take sth. for granted”为固定搭配，意为“把……想当然”。本句中的take缺少宾语，分析句子可知，that he will keep his promise是其宾语，因此可以用it作形式主语，而真正的宾语是后面的that从句。故选B。
A．to ; oneB．than; oneC．to ; itD．than; it
【答案】A
【解析】
短语搭配be superior to比…高级；one相当于a phone。“你知道吗3G手机很快会进入市场”“真的吗？据说比其他类型的手机高级我迫不及待的想买一部”。选A
15．The population of China is larger than ________ of the United States.
A．hatB．thisC．itD．you
【答案】C
【解析】
试题解析：句意；如果你明早到机场来接我，我将不甚感激。appreciate,like,love,hate等表喜好，憎恨之类词后不能直接接从句，必须先补充it后再接从句。it表虚指，无实义。另外，一些动词短语也不能直接加从句，必须加it再接从句,如see to it that ,depend on it that等。
A．the one thatB．one that
C．oneD．the one
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查代词的用法。句意：“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。one表示泛指，相当于“a(an)+名词”，代替的是同类事物中的“一个”；that表示特指，相当于“the+名词”；代词one=a/ an +n，此处one=a product-making power；而________driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity中driven by只是一个非谓语短语（be driven by被……驱使）作定语，因此不需要连词引导。所以排除A、B。one表示泛指，相当于“the+名词”可以排除D。故选C。
考点：考查代词
7．Of all the books on the desk, ______ is of any use for our study.
A．nothingB．no one
C．neitherD．none
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：前面的“all”提示我们“书不是两本，而是三本及其以上”，故排除C项(指两者都不)。none="none" of the books.“nothing(没有东西)，no one (没有人)”均不符合句意。
--- He wanted a job, _______could help him support his family.
A．whatB．oneC．thatD．one that
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:句意：——这位年轻人来你们公司是为了什么目的呢？——他想找份工作，一份能够让他养家糊口的工作。逗号后面有谓语动词，但所有选项都不能引导定语从句，故判断为同位语one后的定语从句，选D。
考点：固定句型
5．I find______difficult for us to understand old English today．
A．itB．thatC．thereD．this
【答案】A
【解析】
试题解析：分析句子，可知find后面要跟一个宾语，由于本句的宾语是to understand old English today，故要用it作为形式宾语。根据句意，可知选A。
20．The coat I bought yesterday is the same ____.
A．as youB．as you are
C．as yourห้องสมุดไป่ตู้D．like you
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查固定结构和名词性物主代词。句意：我昨天买的外套和你的一样。the same as…和……一样，句中比较的是衣服，因为后面没有名词，所以此处要用名词性物主代词yours，相当于your coat。故选C。
A．thisB．that
C．theseD．those
【答案】B
【解析】
考察代词用法。That指代不可数名词或者可数名词单数，后面有定语修饰，表示特指。本句的that指代population; those指代可数名词复数形式，后面也有定语修饰，表示特指。