中考复习---句子的种类
中考英语专题复习之句子 讲义
句子句子（Simple Sentence）是一个语言单位，由词按一定的语法结构组成，并能表达意思。
英语中的句子按其使用目的，可划分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四种。
一、陈述句陈述句用来除述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号，读降调。
肯定式结构：主语＋谓语＋其他That boy often helps others. 那个男孩经常帮助别人。
否定式be的否定式be作系动词时，结构为：主语＋be＋not＋表语十其他She is not a teacher.她不是一名老师。
be作助动词时，用于bedoing/be going to do/bedone 等结构中，结构为：主语＋be＋not＋动词的现在分词或过去分词＋其他Jim isn’t playing football.吉姆不在踢足球。
助动词、情态动词的否定式The boy doesn’t do housework at home.这个男孩在家不做家务。
除not外，其他否定词也可以构成否定句用no 表示，no＝notany/aHe has no sister. = He doesn't have any sisters.他没有姐妹。
never绝不，从来不I have never seen such a man.我从没见过这样的人。
little，few几乎没有There are few students in the classroom.教室里几乎没有学生。
no one／nobody 没有人No one／Nobody is interested in the book.没有人对这本书感兴趣。
nothing什么也没有There is nothing wrong with you.你没有什么问题。
neither of...两者都不；none of...三者或三者以上都不Neither of them has ever been to Beijing.他们两个都没有去过北京。
人教版新目标九年级英语初三英语中考语法复习归纳知识点专题12 句子的种类(解析版)
备战中考系列：英语2年中考1年模拟专题12 句子的种类☞解读考点直击考点句子种类：简单句、并列句、复合句1. 简单句：①：S+Vi (此时动词为不及物动词，后面不能带宾语)②: S+Vt+O (此时动词为及物动词，后面要带宾语)③: S+Vt+O+OC (此时宾语不完整，需要一个不足语来补充说明宾语)④: S+link verb+P (此时句子中没有具体的动作，只有状态)⑤: S+Vt+InO+O (此时句子中有两个宾语即表示人的间接宾语与表示物的直接宾语)2. 并列句：简单句+并列连词（and, or, but, so）+简单句3. 复合句：①：主句+连接词+宾语从句②：主句+连接词+定语从句③：主句+连接词+状语从句【名师点睛】一、五大基本句型结构1.主语加系动词加表语The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。
The hat looks nice on you!(系动词还有feel,taste,smell,sound) 你戴这顶帽子真好看。
2.主语加不及物动词He swims in the river every summer.他每年夏天都在这条河里游泳。
3.主语加及物动词+宾语Children often sing this song.孩子们经常唱这首歌。
4.主语加及物动词加间接宾语加直接宾语She showed her friends all her pictures. 等于She showed all her pictures to her friends.她向她的朋友们展示了她所有的图画。
5.主语加及物动词加宾语加宾语补足语We keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们保持教室干净整洁。
二．疑问句分类及用法见下表：分类概念形式一般疑问句用yes和no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句be加主语加其他？情态动词加主语加动词原形加其他？助动词加主语加动词原形/过去分词加其他？如：—Is she from England? 她来自英格兰吗？—Yes, she is. 是的，她是。
中考英语-句子种类与简单句的基本句型-用法详解
初中英语分类练习【复习目标】▲ 掌握什么叫简单句。
▲ 能理解根据句子的功能，把简单句分成 4类。
▲掌握各种类型的句子的结构。
【课前准备】●要求学生了解简单句与并列句、复合句之间的区别，并在课前进行归类，理解。
【知识要点】只有一个主语 (或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句。
1．根据句子的结构，简单句可分为5种：(1)S+V(2)S+V+O(3)S+V+P(4)S+V+InO+DO(5)S+V+O+C此外，还有 there be句型，这一句型具有就近原则，也即谓语动词用单数还是复数要看接近于be动词的那个名词。
2．根据句子的功能，简单句可分为4类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句（一）陈述句1．肯定式2．否定式(1)加not构成的否定句(2)由no, hardly, never, nobody, nothing等构成的否定句。
其中两者的全部否定用 neither或nor,部分否定用both +not.如： Neither of them knows French.Both of them don't know French.三者或三者以上的全部否定用 none, nothing, nobody, no one等，部分否定用all, many, every加not 构成如： None of these answers are right.All these books are not mine.(3)在某些句子中，按语意应放在that从句中的否定词not被移前到主句的谓语动词中，这种否定提前的情况用于think, believe, suppose等动词，如：I don't believe it will be very cold tomorrow. （二）疑问句按结构可分为四种1．一般疑问句：(1)用Yes,No来回答的疑问句。
(2)往往把be,助动词，情态动词置于句首。
【最新】-【12】中考英语专项复习 句子的类型Ⅱ 复合句
复合句01 命题趋势考标导向化近几年对复合句的考查主要包括宾语从句(包括直接引语与间接引语的互换)、状语从句和定语从句。
预计年对宾语从句的考查仍然会是宾语从句的语序和时态，状语从句中连词的选择和时态；对定语从句的考查重点是关系代词的选用。
02 定义概念清晰化1.宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，常常位于及物动词或介词之后，作宾语。
宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的，常考的引导词有that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why等，宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。
2.直接引语指的是直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出；间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话。
直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。
3.在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句，在句中起到状语的作用。
常考的状语从句有时间状语从句(由when,while,before,not…until等引导)、条件状语从句(由if,unless,as long as等引导)、原因状语从句(由because,since等引导)、结果状语从句(由so that,so…that…等引导)、目的状语从句(由in order that等引导)、让步状语从句(由though,although等引导)。
4.定语从句是指在句中作定语，用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。
被定语从句修饰的名词、名词性词组或代词叫做先行词，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
定语从句常用的关系代词有who,whose,that,which,关系副词有when,where,why等。
03 知识归类知识网络化【题组训练】( )1.(2014·金华)—Jimmy，the 2014 FIFA World Cup is coming.Do you know ______ the first match will be on?—On June 13th.A.howB.whereC.whyD.when( )2.(2014·安徽)—It’s so late.Why not write the report tomorrow?—But I don’t know ________ I can do it if not now.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where( )3.(2014·昆明)—Excuse me，could you please tell me _____?—Yes，there is a history museum.A.how often do you go to the history museumB.are there any good museums in KunmingC.how long it takes to get to the history museumD.if there are any good museums in Kunming( )4.(2014·镇江)—Granny，the school trip was very exciting but a little tiring.—Oh，could you tell me ________?A.how did you go to the parkB.what you did in the tripC.that you saw something beautifulD.if your friends had played with you( )5.(2014·十堰)—Could you please tell me_______ ?—Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it.A.where is Mount WudangB.how can I get to Wulong RiverC.what is Shennongjia famous forD.if there will be a new airport in Shiyan【题组训练】( )6.(2014·重庆)I’d like to have a try，_____ I may fail.A.sinceB.thoughC.untilD.after( )7.(2014·杭州)In summer milk will quickly go bad ____ it is put into a fridge.A.thoughB.unlessC.becauseD.once( )8.(2014·德州)—Are you going out，Mike?It’s really late now.—It’s the last day to buy tickets to the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil，_______ I must go now.A.ifB.orC.soD.though( )9.(2014·济宁)Laura opened the door and rushed into the rain_____ I could stop her.A.untilB.afterC.beforeD.unless( )10.(2014·广州)Mum says _____ I do my homework now，I can watch TV for an hour tonight.A.ifB.thoughC.becauseD.whilethat的情况：(1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。
句子的类型和句子的结构
句子的类型和句子的结构：复习要点阐述：今天我们要复习的内容是句子的类型和句子的种类。
今天我们复习如下的内容：△句子的类型1．陈述句2．感叹句3．疑问句4．祈使句这一部分是我们今天重点复习的内容。
△句子的结构：1．简单句2．并列句3、复合句这一部分有的内容我们今天只作简单的介绍，如复合句，因为复合句我们在后面要分专题进行复习。
要点复习的策略及技巧：句子的类型。
句子的类型是根据说话人的语气来划分的，按照使用目的和交际功能分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句。
中考侧重考查学生的综合运用能力，对陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句的考查近几年的中考中屡见不鲜，特别是反意疑问句和祈使句在具体语境中的灵活运用更为突出。
它们主要以单项选择、句型转换、完型填空、交际运用等形式出现，预计明年中考还会考查此类内容。
因此我们应该知道陈述句的肯定式和否定式，注意疑问词的意思和用法重点，掌握反意疑问句、否定祈使句、Let 开头的祈使句、加强语气的祈使句、How和What引导的感叹句的用法。
今天我们先复习这些内容。
常考知识清单一：陈述句：用来陈述一件事或表示一种看法，包括我们平常所说的肯定句和否定句。
（应该称为肯定式和否定式）。
句末通常用句号，读降调。
一．陈述句的肯定式：结构为：主语＋谓语＋其它That boy always helps others. 那个男孩经常帮助别人。
I went to the cinema yesterday. 昨天我去电影院了。
二．陈述句的否定式：1．be的否定式（1）be用作系动词时：主语＋be＋not＋表语＋其他e.g.She is not a teacher. 她不是一个老师。
Tom was not at home yesterday. 昨天汤姆不在家。
（2）be用作助动词，用于be doing/ be going to do/ be done等时态或被动语态中：主语＋be＋not＋V-ing或p.p＋其他。
第20讲 句子的种类(陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、倒装句、强调句)(练习)-中考英语一轮复习
第20讲句子的种类（陈述和疑问、祈使和感叹、倒装和强调）（模拟精练+真题演练）一、单项选择1．（2023·福建南平·统考二模）Students and teachers ________ wear masks at school now.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t2．（2023·四川凉山·统考模拟预测）People sure change. For example, I ________ eat vegetable salad, but now I start to try some.A．am used to B．didn’t use to C．used to3．（2022·黑龙江鸡西·校考模拟预测）—Would you please say your QQ number again? I ________ catch it.—53295568.A．don’t B．won’t C．didn’t4．（2022·河北保定·统考一模）Ten months __________ a long time, but it’s enough for us to build the bridge.A．is B．isn’t C．are D．aren’t5．（2022·江苏南通·统考模拟预测）—Susan, why are you in the classroom? All your classmates are on the bus.—I’m sorry, but I ________what time to get on the bus.A．am not tell B．didn’t tell C．haven’t told D．wasn’t told6．（2022·吉林长春·统考一模）—Jenny, I can’t find my glasses ________. Did you see it?—Sorry, I didn’t.A．everywhere B．anywhere C．somewhere D．nowhere7．（2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考模拟预测）—________ will your mom come back?—In two weeks.A．How soon B．How often C．How long D．How much8．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）—As is known to all, the 2022 Winter Olympics is coming. Can you tell me ________ it is held?—Every four years.A．how long B．how often C．how soon9．（2023·吉林长春·统考模拟预测）—________ is it from your home to Xihu Park?— It’s about 2 kilometers.A．How long B．How often C．How far D．How soon10．（2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测）—How long can I keep the books?—_______A．Three years old.B．Three times.C．Three days.D．Very often.11．（2023·甘肃平凉·校考模拟预测）—________ are you going to the airport?—By bus.A．What B．How C．When D．Why12．（2023·吉林长春·模拟预测）Take action now, ________ you can’t achieve your goal.A．but B．so C．and D．or13．（2023·吉林·模拟预测）—Mary, ________ worry about what to wear today. Your smile goes with any clothes.—Thank you, Mom.A．not B．don’t C．doesn’t14．（2023·福建龙岩·统考模拟预测）Tony, ________ to the front door to see who is knocking.A．go B．goes C．to go15．（2023·福建漳州·校联考模拟预测）Work hard, ________ you’ll find a way out.A．so B．or C．and16．（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）Please ________ back to your seat, Yu Jun. You did a good job.A．go B．to go C．going D．gone17．（2023·江西九江·统考二模）Hurry up, ________ we will miss the last subway.A．but B．and C．or D．so18．（2023·重庆长寿·校联考一模）Please ________ make any noise in the library. It will disturb others.A．don’t B．not to C．not D．won’t19．（2023·湖南株洲·统考一模）________ terrible weather it is! It is said that it will get sunny later.A．What B．How C．What a20．（2023·湖南株洲·统考二模）John! You’ve passed the exam. ________ pleasant surprise you gave us!A．How B．What a C．What21．（2023·海南·校联考二模）—Our school won the soccer game this afternoon!—________ exciting news it is! We are all happy about it.A．What B．What an C．How22．（2023·甘肃定西·统考模拟预测）______ wonderful time they were having in the town at this time yesterday afternoon!A．What a B．What C．How a D．How23．（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）— Look! All the trees are green now.— ________ fresh spring morning it is!A．How B．What C．What a D．What an24．（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）Look at the little cat over there! ________ lovely it is!A．What a B．What C．How a D．How25．（2023·江苏宿迁·校联考三模）________ information we can get from the Internet! Thanks to the excellent website.A．What useful B．What a useful C．How useful D．How useless26．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆八中校考三模）________ delicious and cheap Zibo food is! You’d better have a try.A．How B．How a C．What D．What a27．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆八中校考二模）—_______ exciting time we had during the Water Festival!—Yeah! I hope we can come back next year.A．What B．How C．What an D．How an28．（2023·吉林长春·统考一模）________ hard Tim was working on his homework! He even didn’t notice his mom enter the room.A．How B．How a C．What D．What a29．（2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测）— I didn’t go to Tom’s birthday party yesterday. What about you?—________, because I was preparing for the exam all the time.A．Nor do I B．Neither did I C．Neither am I D．Nor was I30．（2023·江苏淮安·校考一模）—I will not give up my dreams though there are many difficulties.—________.A．So will I B．Neither will IC．Neither won’t I D．So won’t I31．（2023·甘肃天水·天水市逸夫实验中学校考模拟预测）—I’d love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework ________.—If you don’t go, ________.A．doing；so do I B．to do；neither will IC．to doing；so will I D．to do；neither do I32．（2023·西藏日喀则·统考二模）—Will you go to the Max City tomorrow?—If you don’t go, ________.A．so do I B．so will I C．neither do I D．neither will I33．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考三模）—Would you like to go camping with us this Sunday?—If Jim goes, ________.A．so do I B．so will I C．so I will34．（2023·安徽合肥·校考一模）—Oh, dear. You have stepped on my foot.—Oh, ________. I’m terribly sorry.A．so have I B．so did I C．so I have D．so I do35．（2022·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测）—It’s such a wonderful experience!—________ I hope I can come to do it next time!A．So it is.B．So is it.C．So does it.36．（2020·安徽合肥·合肥市第四十二中学校考一模）—Wang Hong speaks English very well.—_______. She can talk with Americans freely.A．So she does B．So does she C．Neither she does D．Neither does she 37．（2020·湖南长沙·长沙麓山国际实验学校校考三模）— Father, you promised!—Well, _______. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.A．so I was B．so I did C．so have I38．（2021·云南曲靖·统考一模）—Mr. Li is a great teacher. He gave really clear instructions during his class. —________. I admire him so much.A．So he did B．So did he C．So it was D．So was it39．（2023·吉林四平·校联考三模）—The young man seldom did the housework after he bought the robot,________?—No. He could relax and have time to practise “Shuttlecock Exercise” (毽子操).A．did he B．didn’t he C．was he40．（2023·山东菏泽·统考三模）—________ you ever ________ The Great Wall of China?—No, I haven’t. I hope I can go there next year.A．Did; go to B．Have; been to C．Have; gone to二、语法选择（2023·广东广州·统考二模）There was a king who loved art. One day an artist came and hoped to paint a picture on 41 wall. The king happened to have a big new hall built 42 he allowed the artist to work on one of the walls.At the same time, 43 artist came and asked to work on the opposite wall. He promised to make the same picture as the first artist’s without 44 at it. He asked to have a thick cloth 45 can be put up between the two walls so that neither of them could see each other.The following day they started 46 . The first artist 47 paint, oil, water and so on. The second one came with a towel and a bucket.A month later, the first artist’s work 48 , and the second artist said, “My wall 49 ready, too!”The king went to see the first artist’s wall. He was very 50 with it and gave the artist a lot of money. He then opened the cloth.Amazing! Each line was exactly the same as that on the opposite wall. The king was quite satisfied with the second artist and gave 51 double money. However, he wondered 52 he had made it. “I just wipe the wall with the towel,” the man said 53 . The wall was made 54 white marble (大理石). He made it shine like a mirror. The reflection (倒影) of the first painting showed up on it!The world is also a reflection of you. 55 you are sad, the world will be sad. You are happy and the world will be happy, too.41．A．a B．an C．the D．I42．A．or B．so C．but D．because43．A．other B．others C．the others D．another44．A．look B．looks C．looking D．looked一、单项选择1．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）—Luosang, ________—I went there by plane.A．why did you go to Lhasa?B．when did you go to Lhasa?C．how did you go to Lhasa?D．who did you go to Lhasa with?2．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）—You look so young. Are you a student?—________. I’m a student from China.A．Yes, I do B．Yes, I am C．No, I don’t D．No, I won’t 3．（2023·辽宁阜新·统考中考真题）—________ does the museum open at weekends?—At 9:00 am.A．How B．Where C．Why D．When4．（2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题）—Excuse me, ________ is the Gengsu Theatre from this hotel?—It’s about ten minutes if you take a taxi.A．how far B．how long C．how soon D．how much5．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）— ________ have you been a member of the football team?—For two years.A．How much B．How often C．How many D．How long6．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）— Which season do you like better in Changchun, winter or autumn?— _______. I like playing with snow.A．Yes, I do B．No, I don’t C．Winter D．Autumn7．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—You haven’t visited the Palace Museum, have you?—________ How I wish to visit it some day!A．No, I haven’t.B．Yes, I haven’t.C．Yes, I have.8．（2022·广西桂林·统考中考真题）—Will she come back soon?—Yes, ________.A．she is B．she will C．she does9．（2022·四川·统考中考真题）—________ is it from your home to school, Peter?—Only ten minutes’ walk.A．How long B．How often C．How far D．How soon 10．（2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）— ________ do you visit your grandparents, Simon?— Twice a month.A．How often B．How soon C．How long D．How much11．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）—There is an umbrella in the corner of the classroom. ________ is it? —Perhaps it’s Mary’s.A．Whose B．Who C．When D．Why12．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Jean knew nothing about the news until her aunt told her, ________________?A．didn’t; she B．did; she C．didn’t; Jean13．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—Mum, let’s order some food online for dinner, ________?—Good idea. I’d like some beef dumplings.A．will you B．won’t you C．shall we14．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）— Do you like travelling by train or by plane?— ________. Because I love to see farms and animals along the way.A．Yes, I do B．No, I don’t C．By train D．By plane15．（2022·山东济南·统考中考真题）—Dad, shall we go to the library by bike or by car?—________. There is no parking lot there.A．Yes, we will B．No, we won’t C．By car D．By bike16．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）Have a balanced diet and exercise regularly _______ you will stay healthy.A．and B．or C．but D．for17．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）Don’t ________ any noise when you are in the library.A．makes B．make C．making D．made18．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Don’t throw rubbish everywhere, ________ our environment will get worse.A．but B．so C．and D．or19．（2022·辽宁盘锦·统考中考真题）Don’t run in the hallways, ________ you might get hurt.A．and B．but C．so D．or20．（2022·四川广元·统考中考真题）— ______ silent, please! You are in the library.—I’m sorry, madam.A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．Kept21．（2022·四川遂宁·统考中考真题）—Sam, ________ run in the hallways. It’s very dangerous.—Sorry, Ms. Black.A．do B．don’t C．not D．doesn’t22．（2023·辽宁鞍山·统考中考真题）—The pen can translate what you write down into English.—________ interesting invention!A．What B．What an C．How D．What a23．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）—Have you heard that Mr. Zhang saved his neighbor from a big fire last night?—Yes. ________ brave the young man is!A．What a B．How C．What D．How a24．（2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）________ good book you offered us! It really helps us a lot.A．How B．How a C．What D．What a25．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）_______ exciting singing contest they had yesterday!A．What B．How C．What an D．How an26．（2022·辽宁鞍山·统考中考真题）—China launched（发射）the manned spacecraft Shenzhou-14 successfully on June 5, 2022.—________ exciting news! We are proud of it.A．What B．What an C．How D．How an27．（2022·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）Bing Dwen Dwen is one of the 2022 Winter Olympic mascots(吉祥物). ________ lovely it is!A．What a B．How C．What an D．What28．（2021·西藏·统考中考真题）—She’s never read the book Journey to the West. How about you?— ________ .A．So am I B．Neither have I C．So have I D．Neither do I29．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）— Li Ping, I didn’t go summer camping last year.— _________.A．So did I B．Neither did I C．Neither I did D．So I did30．（2020·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）—Tom is always ready to help others.—________. He often helps me with my English.A．So he is B．So he does C．So is he D．So does he二、语法选择What do you think of your parents? I am always very pleased 31 them. 32 I have grown up,I act like a small child sometimes. This feeling lets me 33 free and relaxed. In my opinion, things seem34 in the world of adults’ than those of children’s.One day, I went to buy some Christmas cards for my friends. After I went in, the shop-keeper showed me 35 I could choose the cards. I met a young mother and her baby there.There 36 a lot of toys on the shelf. It was 37 high that the little girl was not able to pick up a toy. The young mother tried 38 by the shelf closely, but it was still too difficult for the little girl. Then the young mother stopped. She picked up a toy for her child and made her 39 .The big smile 40 was on the face of the little girl made me think of my childhood. When I was a small child, my parents came along whenever I needed them. Almost every problem 41 for me. I almost got lost in that happy memory. Suddenly, the young mother’s words brought me back to 42 .“Dear, one day, when you become 43 adult, I hope you can manage your own life, ” she said to the little girl.The words woke 44 up. I was no longer a small child. I should learn to be independent and faceproblems 45 by myself. And my parents would certainly be proud of me. 31．A．at B．with C．for D．to 32．A．Whether B．If C．Although D．When 33．A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 34．A．much difficult B．more difficult C．most difficult D．the most difficult 35．A．when B．what C．who D．where 36．A．are B．were C．is D．was 37．A．so B．too C．very D．such 38．A．pass B．passed C．passes D．to pass 39．A．happy B．happily C．happiness D．happiest 40．A．what B．who C．why D．which 41．A．was solving B．were solving C．was solved D．were solved 42．A．reality B．real C．really D．realize 43．A．a B．an C．the D．/44．A．I B．my C．mine D．me 45．A．brave B．braver C．bravely D．bravery。
中考英语句子的种类语法知识点复习
中考英语句子的种类语法知识点复习(名师精讲必考语法知识点+实战训练，建议下载练习)考点知识精讲按用途分，句子可分为四种：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
考点一陈述句陈述句用来说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法。
陈述句分为肯定式和否定式两种，句末用句号，读时用降调，有五种基本句型。
1．陈述句的肯定式的形式(1)主语＋系动词＋表语We are happy. 我们很快乐。
注：系动词有三类，具体如下：①表状态：be, seem, appear(显得)，go(变成), stand(坐落)，stay(保持), lie(位于), keep(保持)②表感官：look(看上去), sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来), feel(感觉), taste(尝起来)③表变化：get(变得)，become(成为), turn(变成)，grow(渐渐变成)，come(成为)(2)主语＋不及物动词They are reading. 他们在看书。
(3)主语＋及物动词＋宾语I teach English.我教英语。
(4)主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语直接宾语表物，间接宾语表人。
一些间接宾语可改成一个由to引导的短语(强调动作是“向谁”做的)，或由for 引导的短语(强调动作是“为谁”做的)。
He gave me a book.＝He gave a book to me. 他给我一本书。
能带双宾语的动词中多数在间接宾语前加to，这样的动词有：give(给)，pass(传、递)，take(拿去)，bring (带来)，show(出示、展现)，lend (借给)，sell(出售)等。
带双宾语的动词在间接宾语前加for的动词有：buy(购买), make(制作/造), build(建造), mend (修理)，cook(烹饪)等。
My mother bought me a present.＝My mother bought a present for me.我妈妈给我买了件礼物。
初中语文中考总复习：现代汉语语法知识-句子知识
选择复句
• 由两个或两个以上有选择关系的分句组成。 各个分句分别说出两件或几件相关的情况， 表示从中选择一种。
•选择复句有两种。一种是有取舍的选择复句， 表示对两种可能的情况有所取舍，常用“宁 可……也不……”“与其……不如……”等 关联词语。 例如： 1、闻一多拍案而起，横眉怒对国民党的手枪， 宁可倒下去，不愿屈服。
中考总复习
现代汉语语法知识 句子知识
（一）按句子的用途和语气分类
• 1、陈述句：是叙述事实的句子。句末用句号。如：我 刚写好作业。
• 2、疑问句：是提出问题的句子。句末用问号。如：你 到哪里去？
• 3、祈使句：向别人表达某种请求、命令、劝阻、商量 等意思的句子。句末用句号或叹号。如：不能停留！
• 4、感叹句：抒发感情的句子。句末用叹号。西湖多美 啊！
3、“(当今的)社会是(一个充满竞争和挑战的)社 会。”的主干是：社会是社会。
什么是复句? 由两个或以上的单句组成的句子称为复 句，组成复句的单句叫做分句。
单句和复句的区分
• 单句只有一套句子成分，复句有两套 或两套以上的句子成分。如：
1.对待错误和失败的态度应该是：分 析原因，总结教训，找到正确的道路。
• （二）按句子的内部构造分类
• 1、主谓句：由主谓短语带上一定的语气、 语调构成的句子。如： 雨是最寻常的。 他性格温和。 忽然电话铃响了。 今天星 期一。
• 2、非主谓句：由主谓句以外的其他短语或 单个的词构成。如：飞机！1950年夏天。 （名词非主谓句）
• 站住！有人敲门。（动词非主谓句） 好！漂亮极了。 （形容词非主谓句）
2、与其碌碌无为地混一生，不如壮烈地死去！
• 一种是无取舍的选择复句，只提出几种可能的情况，表示 几种可能性是相容的，并不互相排斥。常用的关联词语有 “或者……或者……” “也许……也许……”；有些可能 性是不相容的，非此即彼。常用的关联词语有 “不是…… 就是……”“要么……要么……”“是……还是……”
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When is her birthday?
2 The T-shirt is white and black.
What color is the T-shirt?
3 The pants are 20 dollars.
How much are the pants?
4 We get up at 6:00 every morning.
2 ---___ C did Mr Green come to China? --- To see his son,Jim.（2007芜湖市） A. How B. When C. Why D. What
A 3 --______? （2008昆明） -- I live 10 miles from school. A.How far do you live from school B.How do you go to school
4）王先生明天会来参加我的派对 吗？
Will Mr.Wang come to my party tomorrow?
5）你曾经去过北京吗？
Have you ever been to Beijing?
一般疑问句有以下几种类型：
1) Be + S + n./adj./prep. + … ？ 2) Do/Does/Did + S + V动词原形+ O + ... ? 3) Can/May/Must + S +V动词原形 + O + …? 4) Would/will/Shall +S +V动词原形 + O+ …? 5) Have/Has/Had +S +V过去分词 + …?
反意疑问句特点三，主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one 等不定代词 时，多用they指代。主语是nothing, everything, something, anything时，用 it 指代。
9 Miss Zheng will never forget her first A （2007济南市） visit to Canada,____? A.will she B. won’t she C. isn’t she D. wasn’t she 10 Nothing can make him stop working hard,____? B （2008徐州市） A.can’t it B. can it C. can they D. can’t they
C.How far does he live from school D.How long does it take you to school
A have you ever been 4 -- ____ a reporter?（2008云南） -- For more than three years. A. How long B. How many C. How soon D. How often
反意疑问句特点四，陈述部分若出
现一些有否定意义的词，如never, hardly , no , none, nothing, few,
little, no one, nobody, too…to 时， 后要用肯定式。
B 11 That’s Mr. White’s car, _____? A. is it B. isn’t it C. are they D. aren’t they
有时用表示肯定或否定的其他
词类来回答。
Task ：
翻译下列句子，总结一般疑问句有几种 类型。 1) 你来自昆二中吗？ Are you from No.2 high school of Kunming? 2）你经常听音乐吗？ Do you often listen to music ? 3）Linda 会弹吉他吗？ Can Linda play the guitar?
3. (2006河北)He’s flown to Qingdao for summer holidays , C he ? A.isn’t B. wasn’t C. hasn’t D. doesn’t 4.(2006怀化) Mr Green, it’s your first B time to visit Huaihua, ? A. doesn’t it B. isn’t it C.don’t you
4）陈述部分主语为this或that(复数形式用 these或those）时，疑问部分的主语用it(复 数形式的主语用they)
5）前一部分为祈使句，如以Let’s开头，反 意疑问句部分用shall we;以动词开头的祈使 句，不论肯定或否定，都用will you。
指对不知道的人或事物提 问，要求对方作出具体回答 的疑问句，用疑问代词或疑 问副词开头，回答时不能用 Yes或No,而必须按所问的内 容作具体回答。
疑问词：
Who
Whom What Which
谁
谁（宾格） 什么 哪一个
whose
谁的
How many 多少（+可数名词复数）
How much 多少（+不可数名词）
疑问词 + 一般疑问句 + …？
What is Jim doing ? Where shall we meet ?
Task 2：
1 ---____ C do you have an English party? --- Once a month.（2005北京市） A.How old B. How far C.How often D. How long
反意疑问句特点五，主语为this 或that, 疑问部分主语用it,主语为these或those, 疑问部分用they.
反意疑问句的特点： 1）前肯后否，前否后肯。 2）陈述句中若出现一些否定意义的词如： never, hardly, no, none, nothing, few, little, no one, nobody, too…to 时，后面的反意 疑问部分要用肯定形式。 3）主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one 等不定代词时，多用they指代。主 语是everything,something,anything, nothing时，用it指代。
1. (2006连云港) Kate’s not late for C school, ? A.isn’t Kate B.hasn’t she C.is she D.has she 2. (2006盐城)There are more and more birds flying to Yancheng for winter every year, B ? A.are there B. aren’t there C. are they D. aren’t they
5 --I hear there will be a concert of A will it start?（2008河 zhou Jielun.___ 南） --In two days. A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. How far
Is your friend a boy or a girl? Would you like tea, coffee or juice?
1 按用途分：（1）陈述句 （2）疑问句 （3）祈使句 （4）感叹句 2 按结构分：（1）简单句的句子叫做疑问句。
疑问句分为：1 一般疑问句 2特殊疑问句 3选择疑问句 4反意疑问句
对事物或其情况是否真实而提
出疑问的句子，句末用问号。
回答时常用Yes或No作简答，
反意疑问句特点二，陈述部分为祈使句， 如以Let’s 开头，反意 部分用shall we,如 以动词开头，都用will you。
7（2006陕西）Everyone is here, B ______? A.are they B. aren’t they C. is it D. isn’t it 8（2007芜湖）Something is wrong D with my bike,______? A.are they B. aren’t they C. is it D. isn’t it
Which do you like better, Chinese or English?
选择疑问句
选择疑问句是指提供两种或两 种以上的情况供对方选择的疑问 句。供选择的部分用or连接，回 答时不能用Yes或No，要作具体 答复。朗读时前半部分用升调， 后半部分用降调。
Task ：
C most young men like pop music ___ ___ rock music?（2007新疆生产建设兵团） A.Does, and B.Do, but C. Do, or D. Does, or
小结：反意疑问句特点一， 前肯后否，前否后肯。 两部分的人称时态要 保持一致，且疑问部 的主语一定要用相应 人称代词。
5.(2007怀化)It’s too hot. Open the door ,_____? B A. shall we B. will you C. won’t you D. do you 6.(2007潍坊)The suitcase looks too heavy for the lady to carry, Let’s go to help her , C ? A.will you B. won’t you C. shall we D. do you
When Why
什么时候 为什么
where 在哪里 how
怎样
How old 几岁
How far 多远
how big 多大
how long 多长时间
How soon 多久之后 how often 多久一次