考研历年英语二真题英译汉
英语二英汉互译答案
UNIT 1一.英译汉。
1. On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice.-在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。
2. These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, it's true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics).现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。
当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。
例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。
考研英语二历年真题及答案
考研英语二历年真题及答案近年来，越来越多的学子选择考研究生，其中英语科目是考研中的难关之一。
为了能更好地备考英语二，参考历年真题是非常必要的。
本文将为大家提供一些历年考研英语二真题及答案，并对每个题目进行详细解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握考点。
第一部分：阅读理解文章一：根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
Passage 1In a few areas of the western United States, a pine tree called the “limber pine” is under attack. If the insects that are attacking it continue to spread, then this tall, slender, cone-bearing tree may become extinct. The destruction would be unfortunate, for the limber pine is a beautiful, hardy tree that has lived there in peace for hundreds of years.The enemies of the limber pine are the beetles called the “mountain pine beetles”. Adult mountain pine beetles lay eggs on the trunks of limber pines. The eggs hatch, and the baby beetles begin to feed on the inner layers of bark. As the baby beetles eat and grow, they dig long tunnels winding through the tree's trunk, leaving behind their jagged trails.Awarding-winning nature photographer Robert Fletcher spends hours wandering through these fascinating tunnels of the beetles. He carefully examin es the damage, maps the length of the tunnel and counts the eggs. “It is like walking through a giant nut looked inside a layer upon layer of peanutbutter”, he says. “Sometimes the infestation is so severe that the tree cannot defend itself and will die.”Mountain pine beetles cause the trunks of the pines to die, and the branches and needles turn reddish-brown, then gray. In fact, millions of trees have already succumbed to the attacks of these insects. The tree is dying by inches, similar to a person who has contracted some terrible disease.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The attack on the limber pine by beetles.B. An award-winning photographer.C. The death of a tree.D. Extinction.解析：文章主要讨论的话题是“攻击延硕山松的甲虫”，所以选项A 是正确答案。
2024年MBA考研英语二翻译部分真题及答案(网络版)
2024年MBA考研英语二翻译部分真题及答案（网络版）With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air，Stalls bursting with colorful vegetables and tempting cheeses，and the buzz of friendly chats，farmers’markets areafeast for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsibleforgrowing or raising your food，support your local economy and pick up fresh seasonal produce－all at the same time．Farmers’ markets are usually weekly or monthly events，most often with outdoor stails，which allow farmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The size or regularity of markets can vary from season to season，depending on the area's agricultural calendar，and you’re likely to find different produce on sale at different times of theyear. Bycutting out the middlemen，the farmers secure more profit for their produce．Shoppers alsobenefit from seeing exactly where－and to who－their money is going．空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嗡嗡声，农贸市场是感言的盛宴（3 分）。
考研历年英语二真题英译汉
考研历年英语二真题英译汉说到词汇量，就免不了要背单词，这也是我们每个考研人都感到头疼的地方。
大多数同学都有这样的体会，单词背了忘，忘了又背，做翻译阅读时，觉得很眼熟、很亲切，下文是我为你细心编辑整理的考研历年英语二真题英译汉，盼望对你有所关心，更多内容，请点击相关栏目查看，感谢!考研历年英语二真题英译汉1Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route thats very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips its easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we dont have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we cant remember the journey well because we didntpay much attention to it. So we assume it wasshorter.参考译文：想想看在一条特别熟识的路上驾驶的感觉，这可能发生在上班，进城或回家的路上。
2018考研英语二真题
2018考研英语二真题一、完形填空（Cloze Test）文章主要讲述了一项关于工作满意度与员工绩效之间关系的研究。
以下为部分真题及答案解析：【真题示例】Many experts have tried to_____(A) the relationship betweenjob satisfaction and job performance. Some have found apositive correlation, while others have_____(B) the results.【答案】A. define B. questioned【解析】A项define意为“定义”，B项questioned意为“质疑”。
根据句意，这里讲述的是专家们试图定义工作满意度与员工绩效之间的关系，并且有不同的研究结果。
因此，A项和B项均符合语境。
二、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）Part A【真题示例】Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.【Text 1】（文章内容省略）21. What do we learn about the current situation in the job market?A. A new degree often helps land a job.B. Graduates are often overqualified for their jobs.C. Many graduates are not skilled workers.D. Many graduates are not employed.【答案】D【解析】这是一道细节理解题。
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语真题及答案(二)
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Your social life is defined as“the activities you do with other people,for pleasure, when you are not working.”It’s important to have a social life,but what’s right for one person won’t be right for another.Some of us feel energised by spending lots of time with others, 1 some of us may feel drained,even if it’s doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a 2 in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not 3 others,can make you feel lonely and 4 .Loneliness is known to impact on your mental health and 5 a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if, 6 ,you are working from home and you are7 on the usual social conversations that happen in an office.Other life changes can8 periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing jobs or becoming a parent.It’s important to recognise these feelings of loneliness.There are ways to9 a social life,but it can feel overwhelming10 .It’s a great idea to start by thinking about hobbies you enjoy.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able to meet11 people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to12 a new sport for the first time,or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and13 ideas.On the other hand,it’s14 possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like you’re always doing something and there is never any15 in your calendar for downtime, you could suffer social burnout or social16 .We all have our own social limit and it’s important to recognise when you’re feeling like it’s all too much.Low mood,low energy, irritability and trouble sleeping could all be17 of poor social health.Make sure you18 some time in your diary when you’re19 for socialising and use this time to relax,20 and recover.1. A.because2. A.contrast3. A.seeing4. A.misguided5. A.contribute to6. A.in fact7. A.cutting back8. A.shorten9. A.assess10.A.at first11.A.far-sighted12.A.try13.A.test14.A.already15.A.list16.A.fatigue17.A.sources18.A.take over19.A.ungrateful20.A.reactB.unlessB.balanceB.pleasingB.surprisedB.rely onB.of courseB.missing outB.triggerB.interpretB.in turnB.strong-willedB.promoteB.shareB.thusB.orderB.criticismB.standardsB.wipe offB.unavailableB.repeatC.whereasC.linkC.judgingC.spoiledC.interfere withC.for exampleC.breaking inC.followC.provideC.on timeC.kind-heartedC.watchC.acceptC.alsoC.spaceC.injusticeC.signsC.add upC.responsibleC.returnD.untilD.gapD.teachingD.disconnectedD.go againstD.on averageD.looking downD.interruptD.regainD.by chanceD.like-mindedD.describeD.reviseD.onlyD.boundaryD.dilemmaD.scoresD.mark outD.regretfulD.rest Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1In her new book Cogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at Cambridge University,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress.“Whatever we mean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than in the recent past,”she writes.“An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,with middle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable.”Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digital technologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.But people can’t be expected to embrace the changes if they’re not seeing the benefits—if they’re just seeing good jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview,Coyle said she fears that tech’s inequality problem could be a roadblock to deploying AI.“We’re talking about disruption,”she says.“These are transformative technologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such“tremendous changes,”she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites in a handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly38%of all tech jobs by2019.New AI technologies are particularly concentrated:Brookings’s Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just15cities account for two-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States.The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means that geographical disparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,as Coyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining the AI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies that don’t simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care most about,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21. Coyle argues in her new book that economic growth should______A.give rise to innovations.B.diversify career choices.C.benefit people equally.D.be promoted forcefully.22. According to Paragraph2,digital technologies should be used to______A.bring about instant prosperity.B.reduce people’s workload.C.raise overall work efficiency.D.enhance cross-sector cooperation.23. What does Coyle fear about transformative technologies?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may be unwelcome to the public.24. Several American cities are mentioned to show______A.the uneven distribution of AI technologies in the US.B.the disappointing prospect of tech jobs in the US.C.the fast progress of US regional economies.D.the increasing significance of US AI assets.25. With regard to Coyle’s concern,the author suggests______A.raising funds to start new AI projects.B.encouraging collaboration in AI research.C.guarding against the side effects of AI.D.redefining the role of AI technologies.Text2The UK is facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Confor has warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country’s reliance on timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only20percent of the UK’s wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the second-largest net importer of timber in the world.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,the trade body says these don’t go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timber supplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisis because of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,”said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor.“For decades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed to fluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall.”The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader in certifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters of Scottish homes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around25percent.The causes of the UK’s current position are complex and range from outdated perceptions of productive forestry to the decimation of trees by grey squirrels.It also encompasses significant hesitation on behalf of farmers and other landowners to invest in long-term planting projects.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to the UK’s net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and the rewilding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity. Goodall added:“While food production and biodiversity health are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of wood for construction, manufacturing and contribute to net-zero.”“While the UK government has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action on the ground.Confor is now calling for much greater impetus behind those aspirations to ensure we have enough wood to meet increasing demand.”26. It can be learned from Paragraph1that the UK needs to______A.increase its domestic wood supply.B.reduce its demand for timber.C.lower its wood production costs.D.lift its control on timber imports.27. According to Confor,the UK government’s fresh incentives______A.can hardly address a construction crisis.B.are believed to come at a wrong time.C.seem to be misleading for landowners.D.will be too costly to put into practice.28. The UK’s exposure to fluctuating wood prices is a result of______A.the governments inaction on timber imports.B.inadequate investment in growing wood.C.the competition among timber traders at home.D.wood producers’motive to maximise profits.29. Which of the following causes the shortage of wood supply in the UK?A.Excessive timber consumption in construction.B.Unfavourable conditions for growing wood.C.Outdated technologies of the wood industry.D.Farmers’unwillingness to plant trees.30. What does Goodall think the UK government should do?A.Subsidise the building of low-carbon homes.B.Pay greater attention to boosting rural economies.C.Provide more support for productive tree planting.D.Give priority to pursuing its net-zero strategy.Text3One of the biggest challenges in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it’s time to turn over the keys.“It’s a complete life-changer”when someone stops —or is forced to stop—driving,said former risk manager Anne M.Menke.“The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situations where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician’s advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,”Menke wrote.“Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandate reports,while a few consider a report a breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality,”she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.“There’s not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,”she said.“We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe”and what can help,said Dugan.One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a31percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers85or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many older drivers don’t see eye doctors or can’t afford to.Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can’t turn their heads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven’t changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily.As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won’t solve the problems of crashes,said Dugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require too many algorithms,she said.But we need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan.“If we’re going to have100-year lives,we need cars that a90-year-old can drive comfortably.”。
23年考研英语二真题试题及答案
23年考研英语二真题试题及答案### 2023年考研英语二真题试题及答案#### 一、阅读理解A节1. 文章一：全球化对教育的影响- 问题1：文章主要讨论了什么？答案：文章主要讨论了全球化对教育体系的影响，以及教育如何适应全球化的挑战。
- 问题2：全球化对教育体系的积极影响是什么？答案：全球化促进了教育资源的共享，提高了教育的多样性和包容性。
2. 文章二：可持续发展的城市- 问题1：可持续发展城市的特点是什么？答案：可持续发展城市注重环境保护、社会公正和经济发展的平衡，通过绿色建筑和公共交通系统减少碳排放。
B节1. 文章：人工智能在医疗领域的应用- 问题：人工智能如何改变医疗行业？答案：人工智能通过数据分析和预测模型提高了疾病诊断的准确性，同时辅助医生制定个性化治疗方案。
#### 二、新题型A节1. 信息匹配题- 问题：根据文章内容，匹配以下信息。
答案：匹配1-5，分别对应文章中提到的五个关键点。
B节1. 逻辑推理题- 问题：根据文章逻辑，推断以下结论。
答案：结论1-3，分别对应文章中隐含的三个逻辑推理。
#### 三、翻译英译汉- 原文：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.- 译文：技术的快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了显著的变化。
汉译英- 原文：教育公平是社会进步的基石。
- 译文：Educational equity is the cornerstone of social progress.#### 四、写作A节小作文1. 书信- 题目：给图书馆管理员写一封信，建议图书馆增加一些关于环境保护的书籍。
- 范文：尊敬的图书馆管理员，您好！我建议图书馆能够增加一些关于环境保护的书籍，以提高公众的环保意识。
B节大作文1. 图表作文- 题目：根据以下图表，描述中国近年来在可再生能源领域的投资趋势。
2020考研英语二真题及答案全
........................优质文档..........................2020年英语（二）考研真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Being a good parents is of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very_____(1),particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than_____(2), a younger sibling._____(3),There's another sort of parent that s a bit easier to_____(4)a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_____(5)every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy_____(6).Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a _____(7)and composed style with their kids.I understand this.You're only human,and sometimes your kids can_____(8)you just a little too far.And then the_____(9)happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too_____(10)and does nobody any good.You wish that you could_____(11)the clock and start over,we've all been there._____(12),even though it's common,it's important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue.you can say something to your child that you may _____(13)for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with. your child but also_____(14)your child's self-esteem.If you consistently lose your_____(15)with your kids.then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the_____(16)of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when_____(17)by stress is one of the most important of all life's skills.Certainly,it's incredibly_____(18)to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with_____(19)situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal.you and your children will benefit and_____(20)from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2.A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3.A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4.A amuse B assist C describe D train5.A while B because C unless D once6.A answer B task C choice D access7.A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8.A move B drag C push D send9.A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10.A boring B naive C harsh D vague11.A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12.A overall B instead C however D otherwise13.A like B miss C believe D regret14.A raise B affect C justify D reflect15.A time B bond C race D cool16.A nature B secret C importance D context17.A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18.A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19.A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20.A hide B emerge C withdraw D escapeSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial for5our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________[A]pick up social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D]send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they________[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats________[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats________[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B]are more socially active than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It's not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Today's CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company"CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus,virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well.By most measures,corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the1970s.Yet it is principally during this period of stronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising.That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”Furthermore,the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates,not to the cozy insider picks,another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to,say,stock prices,a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A]The growth in the number of corporations[B]The general pay rise with a better economy[C]Increased business opportunities for top firms[D]Close cooperation among leading economiespared with their predecessors,today's CEOs are required to______[A]foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B]finance more research and development[C]establish closer ties with tech companies[D]operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the1970s despite______[A]continual internal opposition[B]strict corporate governance[C]conservative business strategies[D]Repeated government warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps______[A]confirm the status of CEOs[B]motivate inside candidates[C]boost the efficiency of CEOs[D]increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be______[A]CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B]CEO Pay:Past and Present[C]CEOs'challenges of Today[D]CEO Traits:Not Easy to DefineText3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with legal battles ahead,the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in2021as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents'health in the face of a serious threat.The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks,strokes and premature births,less cancer,dementia and asthma.Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments一Britain s and others across Europe-have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas-city centres,。
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考研历年英语二真题英译汉考研历年英语二真题英译汉1Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route thats very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips its easy tolose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we dont have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we cant remember the journey well because we didnt pay much attention to it. So we assume it wasshorter.参考译文：想想看在一条非常熟悉的路上驾驶的感觉，这可能发生在上班，进城或回家的路上。
无论如何，你会熟悉路上的每一个迂回曲折。
在这类旅行中，我们很容易会分散注意力并且不太关注路边的风景。
结果就是你误以为旅途比实际所用的时间要少。
这是美妙的旅程所产生的效果：人们往往会低估在熟悉的旅程中所用掉的时间。
我们分散注意力的方式会导致这种结果。
当我们在知名的路途中行驶时，我们不必过于集中精力，时间似乎过得飞快。
随后，当我们回想整个过程时，由于没有特别留神，会变得印象模糊。
此时，我们似乎会觉得这段旅程会更短些。
考研历年英语二真题英译汉2Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” , but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have t o institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped readingyet--not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says.一名五年级的学生的家庭作业要求他从一系列的职业中选出他未来的职业道路。
他选择了“宇航员”，但很快又将“科学家”加入名单，也选了这一职业。
这个男孩确信如果他读的书足够多，他就能想探索多少条职业道路，就探索多少条。
因此他读书——从百科全书读到科幻小说。
他如此狂热地阅读以致于他的父母不得不制定一条吃饭时“不能读书”的规矩。
这个男孩就是比尔·盖茨，他从未停止过阅读–即便在他成为全球最成功人士之后也如此。
今天，比尔盖茨的读物已经不再是科幻小说和参考书目：最近，他表示自己每年至少阅读50本非虚构读物。
盖茨选择读非虚构类图书，因为这些书解释了世界是如何运作的。
“每本书都开辟了探索新知识的道路。
” 比尔盖茨说。
考研历年英语二真题英译汉3Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says TalBen-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.大多数人认为乐观是无尽的欢乐，如同总是有半杯水的杯子。
但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所称道的虚假的快乐。
哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义意味着要活在现实之中。
”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者会因势利导，而非求全责备。
Ben-Shahar 会使用三种乐观的方法。
比如说，当他因搞砸了一场演讲而倍感郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是很正常的事，提醒自己：并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔奖，总会有一些人的演讲效果不及其他人。
接着为改进。
他分析了一些效果不好的演讲并且从那些起效和无效的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。
最后是看待问题的角度，即在生活的宏伟计划中，一次演讲真的无足轻重。
考研历年英语二真题英译汉4Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotio ns any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I also remember that themusical paly Hamopened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.从过去的53年间任选一天，我能立刻回想起当时我身在何方，当天新闻中发生何事，甚至那天是周几。