地理英语词汇
英语词汇库{英语专题分类词汇(地理Geography)}讲课讲稿
戈洛博翻译-英语词汇库英语专题分类词汇（地理Geography）1.General Terms 一般词汇：physical geography自然地理；economic geography经济地理；geopolitics地理政治论；geology地理学；ethnography民族志；cosmography宇宙志；cosmology宇宙论；toponymy 地名学；oceanography海洋学；meteorology气象学；orography山志学；hydroaraphy水文学；vegetation植被；relief地形/地貌；climate气候；earth地球/大地；Universe/cosmos 宇宙；world世界；globe地球仪；earth/globe地壳；continent大陆；terra firma陆地；coast海岸；archipelago群岛；peninsula半岛；island岛；plain平原；valley谷地；meadow（小）草原；prairie（大）草原；lake湖泊；pond池塘；marsh/bog/swamp沼泽；small lake小湖；lagoon泻湖；moor/moorland荒原；desert沙漠；dune沙丘；oasis绿洲；savanna（南美）大草原；virgin forest 原始森林；steppe大草原；tundra冻原。
2.Cartography 地图绘制法：map 地图；map of the world 世界地图；planisphere 平面地形图；wall map/skeleton map 挂图；skeleton map 示意图；map/plan/chart 平面图；atlas 地图集；chart 海图；cadastre 地籍薄；topography 测绘学；photogrammetry 摄影测量学；world political 世界政区；world physical 世界地形；world communication 世界交通；world time zone 世界时区；geomorphy地貌；scale 比例尺；legend 图例；city map 城市图；populated localitied 居民点；capital 首都/首府；capital of first-order political unit 一级行政中心；main city/major city 主要城市；common city 一般城市；village村；town 镇/乡；city boundary市界；boundary境界；continental boundary洲界；international boundary 国界；undefined international boundary 未定国界；regional boundary 地区界；boundary or first-order political unit一级政区界；communication 交通；railroad/railway 铁路；expressway/motorway 高速公路；highway 公路；shipping route 航海线；airport 机场；port 港口；stream system 水系；river 河流；waterfall 瀑布；salt lake咸水湖/盐湖；lake 湖泊；seasonal lake 时令湖；seasonal river 时令河；reservoir 水库；dam水坝；water pipe line 输水管；well 井；spring 泉；hot spring 温泉；swamp 沼泽；desert 沙漠；peak 山峰；volcano 火山；coral reefs 珊瑚礁；historic site 古迹；pass山口/关隘；the great wall 长城；pyramid 金字塔；magnetic pole 地磁极；city blocks城市街区；main street/major street主要街道；secondary street次要街道；important building 重要建筑物；building 独立建筑；college or university 高等院校；national park 国家公园；military installation 军用设施；space centre or scientificresearch centre 航天或科研中心；lighthouse 灯塔；monument 纪念碑；stadium 体育场；gymnasium 体育馆；park公园；bridge 桥梁；green land 绿地；cemetery 墓地。
地理相关英语词汇(1)
地理相关英语词汇（1）一、基础词汇1. 地球（Earth）：我们生活的星球，位于太阳系中的第三颗行星。
2. 大陆（Continent）：地球上面积较大的陆地，如亚洲、非洲、北美洲等。
3. 海洋（Ocean）：地球上广阔的盐水区域，如太平洋、大西洋、印度洋等。
4. 国家（Country）：具有独立政治实体和固定领土的区域。
5. 地图（Map）：展示地球表面或某一区域的图形表示。
6. 河流（River）：地表自然水流，通常由源头流向海洋或湖泊。
7. 山脉（Mountain Range）：一系列相连的山峰，如喜马拉雅山脉、阿尔卑斯山脉等。
8. 气候（Climate）：一个地区长期的天气状况和大气现象。
9. 生态系统（Ecosystem）：生物与非生物环境相互作用的一个自然系统。
10. 自然资源（Natural Resources）：自然界中人类可以利用的物质和能量，如水、土地、矿产等。
二、地形地貌词汇1. 高原（Plateau）：相对平坦且海拔较高的地区，如青藏高原。
2. 平原（Plain）：地势低平，起伏较小的地区，如华北平原。
3. 山峰（Mountain）：地形高耸，尖锐或圆形的陆地部分。
4. 峡谷（Canyon）：河流长期侵蚀形成的深而狭窄的地形。
5. 沙漠（Desert）：降水量极少的地区，地表覆盖沙子或石块。
6. 湖泊（Lake）：位于陆地上的淡水或咸水水域，如青海湖、洞庭湖等。
7. 沼泽（Marsh）：土壤水分饱和，生长有特殊植被的地区。
三、地理现象词汇1. 地震（Earthquake）：地球表层快速释放能量，导致地面震动的一种自然现象。
2. 火山爆发（Volcanic Eruption）：地球内部岩浆喷发到地表的现象。
4. 洪水（Flood）：河流、湖泊水位急剧上涨，淹没周边地区的一种自然现象。
5. 干旱（Drought）：长时间无降水或降水量明显减少，导致土壤水分不足的现象。
四、地理学术词汇1. 地理信息系统（GIS）：一种用于捕捉、存储、分析和管理地理空间数据的系统。
地理专业英语词汇
rejuvenation
相关沉积
地壳均衡
新构造运动
构造地貌学
丹霞地貌
构造高原
构造阶地
单面山
方山
猪背脊
线形现象
断层崖
断层线崖
断层三角面
correlated sediments
isostasy
neotectonic movement
structural geomorphology, tectonic geomorphology
slope
坡度
基岩
地貌过程
侵蚀[作用]
雨滴侵蚀
剥蚀[作用]
刻蚀
溶蚀
冲刷
片蚀
溯源侵蚀
下切侵蚀
侧[向侵]
slope, gradient
bedrock
geomorphological process
erosion
raindrop erosion
denudation
corrasion
corrosion
wash, erosion
normal landform
inverted landform
inversion of landform
erosional landform
planation surface
peneplain
denudation suface
erosion surface
pediment
pediplain
summit plane
“Danxia” landform
structural plateau
structural terrace
cuesta(西）
专业地理英语单词
专业地理英语单词专业地理英语单词汇总英语单词的产生是汉英两种语言双向交流的产物，一些带有中国特色的名称和概念进入了英语词汇，同时还有一些英语词汇进入了汉语，在文化环境中衍生出新的含义，形成了英语词汇的语义文化特征。
下面是店铺为大家整理的专业地理英语单词汇总，欢迎大家分享。
geography地理geographer地理学家hemisphere半球meridian子午线，经线parallel平行圈，纬线latitude经度longitude精度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes温带地区horizon地平线equator赤道tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险timezone时区topography地形，地形学plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛continent大陆continentalshelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon峡谷channel(strait)海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的，陆地的terrestrialheat(geothermal)地热terrestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁continentaldrift大陆漂移学说sea-floorspreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物，沉积物tropical热带的'temperate温带的frigid寒带的formation形成frostheaving冻胀现象fieldstone卵石physicalgeography自然地理economicgeography经济地理geopolitics地理政治论ethnography民族志cosmography宇宙志cosmology宇宙论geology地理学toponymy地名学oceanography海洋学meteorology气象学orography山志学hydroaraphy水文学vegetation植被relief地形,地貌climate气候Earth地球,大地Universe,cosmos宇宙world世界globe地球仪earth,globe地壳continent大陆terrafirma陆地coast海岸archipelago群岛peninsula半岛island岛plain平原valley谷地meadow(小)草原prairie(大)草原lake湖泊pond池塘marsh,bog,swamp沼泽smalllake小湖lagoon泻湖moor,moorland荒原desert沙漠dune沙丘oasis绿洲savanna,savannah(南美)大草原virginforest原始森林steppe大草原tundra冻原ahorizon腐殖堆积层aalava块熔岩abandonedfield撩荒地abandonedlands撩荒地abandonedmine废弃矿山abandonedshoreline旧岸线aberration像差abiogenesis自然发生abioticfactor非生物因素ablation水蚀ablationmoraine消融冰碛abnormality反常aboriginal土着的abrasion海蚀abrasionplatform浪蚀台地abrasionshore浪蚀海岸abrasionsurface浪蚀面abrasionterrace海蚀阶地abrasive研磨剂abruptslope陡坡abrupttexturalchange质地突变abscissa横坐标absoluteage绝对年龄absoluteagedetermination绝对年代测定absoluteageofgroundwater地下水绝对年龄absolutealtitude绝对高度absoluteamplitude绝对振幅absolutechronology绝对年代absoluteconvergence绝对收敛absolutedating绝对年代测定absoluteerror绝对误差absoluteextremes绝对极值absolutegeochronology绝对地质年代学拓展：关于地理与地貌的英语句子1. Geographically, this country is located in the northern hemisphere.在地理上，这个国家位于北半球。
完整版地理专业英语词汇
1地理学总论地理学一致地理学一般地理学系统地理学地区地理学理论地理学应用地理学元地理学地文学地质学古地理学地理学系统地理环境geographyunified geography general geography systematic geography regional geography theoretical geography applied geography metageography physiography chorography paleogeogpraphy geographical system geographical environment地理因子地理过程地理散布地理界限地理综合地理观察综合观察地区剖析地区分异生计空间生计承载能力环境决定论灾变论地球地球表面geographical factors geographical process geographical distribution geographical boundary geographical synthesis geographical survey integrated survey regional analysis regional differentiation living spacelife-carrying capacity environmental determinism catastrophe theoryearthearth surface地球表层地理系统地理圈景观圈岩石圈水圈大气圈土壤圈生物圈地圈智能圈技术圈北半球南半球地球体epigeosphere geosystem geographical sphere landscape sphere lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere pedosphere biosphere geosphere noonsphere technosphere northern hemisphere southern hemisphere geoid地理纬度地理经度北极南极极圈北回归线南回归线赤道时区日界限极昼极夜洲大陆洋latitudelongitudeNorth PoleSouth PoleArctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn equatortime zonedate linepolar daypolar night continentoceansea内地inland地理单元geographical unit 区划regionalization 带belt地带zone地区region地区area小区district2自然地理学自然地理学综合自然地理学一般自然地理学自然综合体地区自然综合体自然地理过程自然生产潜力进展因素残留因素三维地带性水平川带垂直地带地带性physical geography integrated physical geography general physical geography natural complexterritorial natural complex physical geographic process natural potential productivity progressive factorrelic factorthree dimension zonality horizontal zonevertical zonezonality非地带性水平川带性垂直地带性地方性坡向阳坡阴坡azonality horizontal zonality vertical zonality localityexposureadret, sunny slope ubac, shady slope山体效应Massenerhebungseffekt(德）,综合自然区划integrated physicogeographicalregionalization雪带nival belt亚雪带subnival belt高峰alpine亚高峰subalpine山地mountains荒漠荒漠化荒漠岩漠砾漠泥漠盐漠沙漠绿洲景观学景观相自然景观土地desert desertification sandy desert rocky desert gravel desert argillaceous desert salt desertgobioasislandscape science landscapefaciesnatural landscape land土地系统land system土地分类land classification土地种类land type土地单元land unit土地因素land element土地刻面land facet刻面结合体facet combination土地属性terrain characteristics 生态地理学ecogeography地生态学geoecology景观生态学landscape ecology 生态系统ecosystem生态均衡ecological balance生态地区ecoregion生态小区ecodistict生态地段生态区生态点自然资源可重生资源非可重生资源灾祸地理学自然灾祸ecosectionecotopeecositenatural resources renewable resources nonrenewable resources hazard geography natural hazard3地貌学地貌学地貌地貌年月学地貌成因地貌形成作用天气地貌学动力地貌学地貌量计学人工地貌平原低地高地丘陵山山脉岭峰山麓半岛岛屿群岛海峡地峡海拔（高度）相对高度山嘴盆地山间盆地geomorphologylandformgeomorphochronology geomorphogenesis, landform genesis landform forming processclimatic geomorphologydynamic geomorphology geomorphometryanthropogenic landformsplainlowlandhighlandhillmountainmountain range, mountain chain range, ridgepeak, mountpiedmontpeninsulaislandarchipelagostraitisthmusaltitude, height above sea level relative heightmountain spurbasinintermountain basin山间盆地山岳崖山麓平原高原峡谷谷沟谷冲沟山形山志阶地台地凹地坡地坡度基岩地貌过程侵害 [作用 ]雨滴侵害剥蚀 [作用 ]刻蚀溶蚀冲洗片蚀溯源侵害下切侵害侧[向侵 ]intermountain basinmountain peakcliff, scarppiedmont plainplateaugorge, canyonvalleyravinegullymountain formsorographyterracetableland, platformdepressionslopeslope, gradientbedrockgeomorphological processerosionraindrop erosiondenudationcorrasioncorrosionwash, erosionsheet erosionheadward erosiondowncutting, incision, vertical erosion lateral erosion掏蚀undercutting侵害基 [准 ] 面base level of erosion总侵害基 [准 ] 面general base level局部侵害基 [准 ] 面local base level裂点knick point堆积作用sedimentation, deposition 聚积作用deposition, accumulation 聚积物deposit加积作用aggradation堆积相sedimentary facies地貌世代generation of landforms 地貌序列landforms series地形基面base level地貌组合landform assemblage正地貌positive landform负地貌negative landform正常地貌normal landform倒置地貌inverted landform地貌倒置inversion of landform刻蚀地貌erosional landform夷平作用planation surface夷平面peneplain准平面denudation suface剥蚀面erosion surface山麓 [侵害 ] 面pediment山麓侵害平面pediplain山顶面summit plane侵害循环erosion cycle回春作用rejuvenation有关堆积地壳均衡新结构运动结构地貌学丹霞地貌结构高原结构阶地单面山方山猪背脊线形现象断层崖断层线崖断层三角面断层谷断块山火山火山作用风化 [作用 ]物理风化 [作用 ]化学风化 [作用 ]生物风化 [作用 ]机械风化 [作用 ]差别风化 [作用 ]风化层残积土残积物残积层风化壳correlated sedimentsisostasyneotectonic movementstructural geomorphology,tectonic geomorphology“ Danxia ” landformstructural plateaustructural terracecuesta(西）mesahogback ridgelineamentfault scarpfault-line scarptriangular facettriangular facetfault valleyblock mountainvolcanoweatheringphysical weatheringchemical weatheringbiological weatheringmechanical weatheringdifferential weatheringregolithresidual soileluviumeluviumweathered crust正残积风化壳碎屑型风化壳硅铝黏土型风化壳硅铝碳酸盐型风化壳硅铝－氧化物－硫酸盐风化壳硅铝－铁质和富铝型风化壳剥落页状剥落块状崩落结壳作用块状崩落结壳作用盐屑堆盐屑锥orthoeluvial weathered crustclastic weathered crustsiallite-clay weathered crustsiallite-carbonate weathered crustsiallite-chloride-sulphate wea-thered crust siallite-ferrite and allite wea-thered crust exfoliation, desquamationexfoliationcrumblingincrustationcrumblingincrustationtalustalus cone山麓聚积坡积物坡水聚积物土体蠕动滑塌滑坡泥石流泥流岩崩流水地貌学流水地貌冲积物冲积层冲积锥冲积扇talusslope depositdeluviumsoil creepcollapselandslide, landslipdebris flowmudflowrock fallfluvial geomorphology fluvial landformalluvium ， alluvial deposit alluviumalluvial conealluvial fan洪积物洪积层洪积扇河床河漫滩汇水区流域分水岭辫状河曲流天然堤滨河床沙坝凸岸坝牛轭湖离堆山proluvium ， proluvial deposit proluviumproluvial fanriver bedfloodplaincatchment areadrainage area， basin waterdivide ， divide ， watershed braided streammeandernatural leveechannel bar， sand barpoint barox-bow lakemeander core， meander spur河流阶地河流袭夺河流错位河流偏移风口纵谷横谷风蚀吹蚀沙丘新月形沙丘流动沙丘固定沙丘半固定沙丘纵向沙丘river terraceriver captureriver offsetriver deflectionwind gaplongitudinal valleytransverse valleywind erosiondeflationsand dunecrescent dunemobile dune ， wandering dune fixed dunesemifixied dunelongitudinal dune横向沙丘抛物线沙丘蜂窝状沙丘沙垅风棱石风蚀脊沙暴风蚀坑风蚀凹地干盐湖基岩扇岛山漠漆岩漆漠盖层黄土黄土地貌黄土塬黄土梁黄土峁劣地咯斯特咯斯专门貌学咯斯专门貌咯斯特化溶斗溶蚀谷溶蚀盆落水洞溶沟transverse duneparabolic dunehoneycomb dunessand ridgewind-faceted stones， ventifact yardangsandstormblowout pitdeflation hollowplayarock faninselbergdesert varnishrock varnishdesert pavementloessloess landform“ yuan，”loess tableland“ liang，”loess ridge“ mao，”loess hillbadlandkarstkarstgeomorphologykarst landformkarstification dolinepoljeuvalasinkholekarren干谷竖井潜蚀作用洞窟聚积咯斯特平原峰林石林洞窟学假咯斯特类咯斯特泉华堆积石灰华海岸滨海岸地貌学dry valleyshaftunderground erosion cave depositkarst plainpeak foreststone pinacles speleology pseudokarst parakarstsinter depositiontufasea coastshorecoastal geomorphology海蚀作用海蚀龛海蚀洞海蚀台海蚀崖海蚀柱岬角岩滩潮滩潮汐通道潮沟舄湖三角洲河口湾海滩marine erosionwave-cut notchsea caveabrasion platformsea cliffsea stackcapebenchtidal flattidal channel ， tidal inlet tidal creeklagoondeltaestuarycoastal beach滩脊beach ridge滩脊 [型 ]潮滩chenier滩脊 [型 ]潮滩平原chenier plain沙嘴sand spit障壁坝barrier滨外坝off-shore bar尖[ 形] 滩cuspate foreland尖[ 形] 坝tuspate bar连岛坝tombolo陆连岛tombolo island沿滨泥沙流longshore drift海岸阶地coastal terrace， marine terrace 全世界性海面起落eustatic movement珊瑚礁coral reef岸礁fringing reef堡礁环礁大陆架大陆坡洋盆海隆海岭平顶海山海沟海渊barrier reefatoll continental shelf continental slope oceanic basin riseoceanic ridge guyottrenchabyssal deep4气候学天气学天气天气资源太阳辐射反照耀积温无霜期降水蒸发干燥度热水均衡风向风速天气灾祸旱灾水灾风灾雹灾湿害热害冻害冷害天气分类天气区划天气带天气区天气型赤道带热带climatologyclimateclimate resourcessolar radiationalbedoaccumulated temperaturefrost-free periodprecipitationevaporationaridityheat-water balancewind directionwind speedclimate damage， climatic hazarddrought damageflood damagewind damagehail damagewet damageheat damagefreezing damagecold damageclimatic classificationclimatic regionalizationclimatic zoneclimatic regionclimatic typeequatorial zonetropical zone亚热带温带寒带润湿天气干燥天气热带雨林天气萨瓦纳天气丛林天气草原天气荒漠天气苔原天气极地天气高原天气山地天气大陆度subtropical zone temperate zonecold zonehumid climatearid climatetropical rainforest climate savanna climateforest climatesteppe climatedesert climatetundra climatepolar climateplateau climate mountain climate continentality大陆性天气大海性天气地中海天气地形天气学地区天气地方天气小天气天气系统行星风系信风季风continental climate maritime climate Mediterranean climate topoclimatology regional climatelocal climate microclimate climatic system planetary wind system trade wind ，trades monsoon梅雨Meiyu, ， plum rain 台风typhoon寒潮cold wave海陆风sea-land breeze山谷风干热风焚风雨影天气变迁古天气历史天气年轮天气学物候学自然历城市天气城市热岛天气志mountain-valley breeze dry-hot windfoehnrain shadowclimatic change palaeoclimate historical climate dendroclimatology phenologynatural calendar urban climateurban heat island climatography5水文地理学水文地理学水文学水体水团河流学水利学水利经济学水化学丛林水文学都市水文学水文物理学古水文学土壤水文学hydrogeography hydrology water body water mass potamology hydraulics hydroeconomics hydrochemistry forest hydrology urban hydrology hydrophysics palaeohydrology pedohydrology水文形势水文过程水文测试流域形态流域分水线河流坡降河流等级闭合盆地河网密度总蒸发hydrological regime hydrological process hydrometry watershed morphology basin dividechannel gradient channel orderclosed basin drainage density evapotranspiration水均衡water budget，water balance 陆面蒸发land evaporation水面蒸发water surface evaporation分岔系数fork factor河源headwaters水道网支流过程线流量过程线切割瀑布水平降水水循环水量互换径流径流系数年正常径流量基流河床变形河流补给暴发洪水hydrographic net tributaryhydrographseparation of hydrograph waterfallhorizontal precipitation water cyclewater exchangerunoffrunoff coefficientannual normal runoff base flowriver bed deformation river feedingflash flood洪水流水过程层间流壤中流河流数量定律叠加定律流量坡面流洪峰流量产流汇流产沙率退水曲线径流模数产水量floodfluvial processes interaquifer flowinterflowlaw of stream numberslaw of superposition dischargeoverland flowpeak dischargerunoff generationflow concentrationrate of sediment production recession curverunoff moduluswater yield悬移质泥沙运动产沙量水位洪水位戒备水位水土流失水土保持涝暴雨径流输沙能力径流变率地下水文学承压地下水水力传导度suspended loadsediment movement sediment yieldwater stageflood levelwarning stagewater and soil losswater and soil conservation waterloggingstorm flowtransportability of sediments variability of runoff groundwater hydrology confined groundwater hydraulic conductivity入渗土壤水含水层自流水盆地深层地下水裂隙水地下水位矿泉地下河饱和带湖沼学湖泊水文学湖流水质湖泊富营养化infiltrationsoil wateraquiferartesian basin deep phreatic water fissured water water table mineral spring underground river saturation zone limnologylake hydrologylake currentwater qualitylake eutrophication人工湖盐湖咸水湖淡水湖结构湖层结湖季节性湖泊火山湖高峰湖游移湖热湖微咸湖干枯湖完整混和湖湖盆man-made lakesalt lakesalt-water lakefresh water laketectonic lake ， structural lake stratified lakeseasonal lakevolcanic lakealpine lakewandering lakewarm lakebrackish-water lakeextinct lakeholomixed lakelake circulation湖水环流湖泊蓄水量冰川补给积雪水文学融雪水文学融雪径流有潮河口无潮海波涛侵害地下水库水资源供水水能lake circulationlake storage alimentation of glacier alimentation of glacier snow hydrology snow runofftidal estuarytideless seawave erosion groundwater reservoir water resources Water supply hydropower6生物地理学生物地理学生物散布学生物散布散布区散布区中心散布区中断散布区型扩散中心残遗种区种群生物群生物地理群落生境biogeography chorology biochores arealareak center areal disjunction areal type dispersal center refugium population biota biogeocoenosis habitat小生境群落生境植物地理学植物区系生活型生活型谱水生植物湿生植物中生植物旱生植物指示植物指示群落植被植物群落群丛niche， microhabitat biotope phytogeography floralife formlife form spectrum hydrophyte hygrophyte mesophyte xerophyte indicator plant indicator community vegetationplant community association群系formation植被型vegetation type顶级群落climax演替succession针叶林coniferous forest泰加林taiga落叶林deciduous forest常绿阔叶林evergreen broad-leaved forest 硬叶林sclerophyllous forest照叶林laurel forest季[ 风] 雨林monsoon forest雨林rainforest红树林mangrove苔原tundra丛林草原forest steppe草原高草草原萨瓦纳普那高原草甸高峰矮曲林丛林上限树线动物地理学动物区系地理阻障动物传播华莱士线动物群落泛北极steppeprairiesavannapunameadowalpine krummholz upper forest limit timberline zoogeography fauna geographical barriers synzoochory wallace’ s line animal community Holarctic古北界新北界旧热带界新热带界东洋界澳洲界Palaearctic Neoarctic Palaeotropic Neotropic Oriental Australasian7土壤地理学土壤地理学土被土链土壤组合土壤复区土壤天气土壤资源土壤退化土壤侵害古土壤丛林土壤草原土壤荒漠土壤pedogeography soil mantlesoil catenasoil association soil complex soil climatesoil resources soil degradation soil erosion paleosoilforest soil desert soil desert soil高峰土壤幼年土壤成熟土壤顶级土壤灰化土棕壤褐土黄壤红壤砖红壤黑钙土栗钙土棕钙土灰漠土棕漠土high mountain soil young soil mature soil climax soil podzolic soil brown earth cinnamon soil yellow earthred earthlaterite chernozem chestnut soil brown soilgray desert soil brown desert soil盐土碱土solonchak solonertz8化学地理学化学地理学景观地球化学地球化学景观自成景观附属景观残积景观水上景观水下景观水成景观单元景观生源景观非生源景观大气迁徙水迁徙生物迁徙机械迁徙化学迁徙标型元素标型化合物标型离子化学剥蚀chemical geographylandscape geochemistrygeochemical landscapeautonomic landscapeauxiliary landscapeeluvial landscapesuperaqual landscapesubaqual landscapeaqueous landscape， aqual landscape elementary landscapebiogenic landscapeabiogenic landscapeaerial migrationaqueous migrationbiological migrationmechanical migrationchemical migration，physico-chemical migrationtypomorphic elementtypomorphic compoundtypomorphic ionchemical denudation10环境地理学环境地理学环境地球化学自然环境社会环境地区环境大海环境环境系统环境结构环境因素环境演化环境背景值环境异样环境自净environmental geography environmental geochemistry natural environmentsocial environmentregional environmentmarine environment environmental system environmental structure environmental element environmental evolution environmental background value environmental abnormality environmental self-purification环境容量景观伤害环境退化环境效应环境污染大气污染水污染土壤污染大海污染环境经济环境管理环境标准environmental capacity landscape damage environmental degradation environmental effect environmental pollution atmospheric pollution water pollutionsoil pollutionmarine pollution environmental economy environmental management environmental standard环境质量环境质量参数环境质量指数环境质量评论环境影响评论环境质量综合评论环境保护环境规划环境区划环境设计自然保护自然保护区自然资源保护生物质源保护水资源保护国家公园地面沉降公害公害病水悮病痛痛病environmental qualityenvironmental quality parameter environmental quality indexenvironmental quality evaluation environmental impact assessment environmental quality comprehensive evaluation environmental protectionenvironmental planningenvironmental regionalizationenvironmental designconservation of naturenature reserveconservation of natural resourcesliving resources conservationprotection of water resourcesnational parkland subsidencepublic nuisancepublic nuisance diseaseminamata diseaseitai-itai disease11 冰川学冰川学积雪粒雪粒雪化作用粒雪盆雪线吹雪雪崩雪蚀陆冰冰山冰川冰盖glaciology snow cover firn firnification firn basin snow line snow drift avalanche nivation land ice iceberg glacierice sheet冰原冰川化冰川作用冰川物质均衡融化区累积区冰川隙冰川地质学角峰冰斗U 形谷鼓丘羊背石冰擦痕冰川河流ice field glacierization glaciationglacier mass-balance ablation area accumulation area crevasseglacial geologyhorncirqueU-shape valley drumlinroche moutonnee glacial striaglacial stream冰下河流漂砾纹泥大海性冰川大陆性冰川极地冰川山岳冰川冰斗冰川悬冰川冰川变化冰川退却冰期小冰期新冰期冰期后subglacial channel bouldervarvemaritime glacier continental glacier polar glacier mountain glacier cirque glacier hanging glacier glacial fluctuation deglaciationice agelittle ice age neoglaciation post-glacial间冰期冷圈冷圈学interglacial period cryosphere cryology12 冻土学冻土学冻土融土季节冻土多年冻土高峰冻土冻土动力学冻土退化冻土进化geocryology,cryopedology frozen groundmelted soilseasonal frozen ground permafrostalpine permafrost permafrost dynamics permafrost degradation permafrost aggradation富冰冻土冻结层中水冻土相剖析冻融循环冻结指数融化指数零点幕成冰作用冰胶结冰分凝地下水冰透镜体冰含量冻胀冻胀力ice permafrost interpermafrost water permafrost phase-analyses freeze-thaw cycles freezing indexthawing indexzero curtainice formationcement icesegregated iceground iceice lensice contentfrost heavingfrost heaving force冰缘寒冻风化热喀斯特热喀斯特湖冰锲翻浆periglacialcryogenic weathering, frost weathering thermokarstthermokarst lakeice wedgefrost boil13沼泽学沼泽学沼泽盐沼草甸沼泽苔藓沼泽芦苇沼泽mire sciencemire, swampsalt marshmeadow marshsedge marsh,reed marsh, phragmites marsh藓类沼泽颤沼林地沼泽红树林沼泽海滨沼泽滩地沼泽阶地沼泽平原沼泽高峰沼泽山地沼泽沼泽形成过程沼泽水文沼泽植物低位沼泽中位沼泽mass bogquaking mire, floating mireforest marshmangrove swampcoastal marshfluvial marshterrace marshplain marshplateau marshmountain mire, upland miremire formation processmire hydrology, peatland hydrology mire plantfentransitional mire高位沼泽富营养沼泽中营养化沼泽贫营养化沼泽沼泽化沼泽生态系统沼泽率泥炭湿地raised bog eutrophic mire mesotrophic mire oligotrophic bog paludification mire ecosystem mire areapeatwetland。
地理基础英语词汇
附录：常用专业词汇表Aabiotic adj.非生物的ablation n.消融abundant adj.丰富的;充足的abyssal adj.深不可测的abyssal plain n.深海平原accompany vt.陪伴;伴随accumulation n.堆积作用acid rain n.酸雨acres lost each year n.每年失去英亩数administer vt.管理;实施;执行Adriatic adj.亚得里亚海Aegean n.爱琴海aerospaceplane n.航天飞机aerosphere n.大气层afforestation n.造林Agenda 21 n.21世纪议程aggregate n.聚集agricultural modernization n.农业现代化agricultural system n.农业系统agriculture n.农业air mass n.气团air transport n.水路运输air flows and air masses n.气流和气团air pollution n.空气污染airport n.航空港Allah n.（回教语）安拉,真主alluvial fan n.冲积扇alluvial plain n.冲积平原Alps n.阿尔卑斯山脉alternation n.改变;变更altitude n.高度Amazon n.亚马孙河Amazon Basin n.亚马孙平原anabatic winds n.上升气流风Andes Mountains n.安第斯山脉angular speed n.角速度Antarctic Area n.南极地区anticyclone n.反气旋aphelion n.远日点Appalachian Mountains n.阿巴拉契亚山脉aquatic n.水生的Aral Sea n.咸海(中亚西亚地区)arctic adj.北极的Arctic Area n.北极地区arctic maritime adj.北极海洋的（ma）arid n.干旱arid environment n.干旱环境arid zones n.干旱地带artificial island n.人工岛asthenosphere n.软流圈atmosphere n.大气圈，大气atmospheric pressure n.气压atmospheric motion n.大气运动atoll n.环状珊瑚岛；环礁atoms n.原子Australia n.澳大利亚Austria n.奥地利autumnal equinox n.秋分axis n.轴;地轴Azores high n.亚速尔高压BBaikal n.贝加尔湖balance n.平衡Balkan Peninsula adj.巴尔干半岛Baltic Sea n.波罗的海Bangladesh n.孟加拉国barchan n.新月形沙丘basaltic adj.玄武岩的basin n.盆地bayou/estuary n.河口bed width n.河床宽度Berlin n.柏林Biosphere n.生物圈biotic adj.生物的birth rate n.出生率births n.出生Black Sea n.黑海bluffs n.悬崖Bombay n.孟买Brazil n.巴西Brazilian Highlands n.巴西高原breast feeding n.哺乳喂养Brisilia n.巴西利亚Bruno n.布鲁诺buckling and faulting n.弯曲和断层Buddha n.佛Buddhism n.佛教Bulgaria n.保加利亚Burma n.缅甸CCalcutta n.加尔各答Cambodia n.柬埔寨Canberra n.堪培拉canyon n.峡谷Cape of Good Hope n.好望角carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳carbon monoxide n.一氧化碳Caribbean Sea n.加勒比海carnivores n.食肉动物cash farming n.商品农业Caspian Sea n.里海cattle n.牲畜cattle ranching n.牧牛Caucasus Range n.大高加索山脉celestial body n.天体changes in daylight and darkness n.晨昏交替Chicago n.芝加哥Christianity n.基督教chromosphere n.色球circle of illumination n.晨昏线cirques, aretes, horns andU-shaped valleys n.冰斗、刃岭、角峰和U形山谷clearing showers n.晴朗阵雨climate n.气候clockwise n.顺时针coast n.海岸coastal plain n.滨海平原coastal zone n.海岸带coastline n.海岸线cold current n.寒流cold front n.冷锋cold wave n.寒潮combustion n.燃烧comet n.彗星commerce n.商业中心commercial center n.国际贸易commercial route n.商业通道communication andtransportation n.交通运输commuters n.通勤者competition n.竞争components of populationchange n.人口组成的变化comprise v.包含；构成concentration n.集中condensation n.凝结condensation and lapse rates n . 凝结作用和递减率conduction n.传导conflict vi.冲突;争执congested adj.拥挤的coniferous adj.松柏科的；针叶科的continental adj.大陆性的continental crust n.大陆地壳continental drift n.大陆飘移continental shelf n.大陆架continuous adj.连续的controls on weathering n.控制风化作用convection n.对流convergence n.辐合cooperation n.合作Copernicus n.哥白尼core n.地核Coriolis force n.科氏力counterclockwise n.逆时针counter-urbanization n.逆城市化Croatia n.克罗地亚crude birth rate n.自然出生率crude death rate n.自然死亡率crust n.地壳crystal shape n.晶体crystals n.水晶cultivated land n.耕地cumulonimbus n.积雨云current n.水流;气流cut-off n.截断cyclone n.气旋cyclonic adj.气旋的cyclonic disturbances n.气旋的扰动Czech n.捷克人Ddairy farming n. 乳畜业dam n.大坝Danube n.多瑙河daytime sea breeze n.日间海风De revolutionibus orbium coelestium n.天体运行论Dead Sea n.死海Deccan plateau n.德干高原decomposer n.分解者deforestation n.森林砍伐degrading n.降低deindustrialization n.后工业化deity n.神,神性delta n.三角洲delta plain n.三角洲平原density n.密度deposition n.沉积depression n.低气压depression n.凹陷;凹陷处depression belt n.低压带descending plate n.下降板块destruction of the tropical rainforest n.热带雨林的破坏detritivores n.食腐动物, 食碎屑者developing world city n.发展中的世界城市dew-point n.露点diameter n.直径differentiate vt.区分direct solar radiation n.太阳直射disastrous n.灾难性的discharge n.流量discontinuous adj.不连续的distribution of arid and semi-arid environment n.干旱和半干旱环境的分布divergence n.辐散.diverse adj.不同的diversified adj.多样化的diversity n.多样性dolomite n.白云石downpour n.倾盆大雨downwind adj.顺风的drift n.漂流droplet n.小滴dry-hot wind n.干热风dune n.沙丘dwellings n.居住Eearth n.地球earth revolution n.地球公转earth rotation n.地球自转earthquake n.地震earth's axis n.地轴East Asia n.东亚ebb n.退潮ecliptic plane / earth's orbit plane n.黄道ecological service n.生态服务economic increase n.经济增长economy n.经济ecosystem n.生态系统effect of friction n.摩檫力作用Egypt n.埃与electromagnetic wave n.电磁波element n.要素elevation n.海拔ellipse n.椭圆England n.英国environment n. 环境environmental issue n.环境污染environmental logo n.环境标志environmental pollution n.生态破坏environmental protection n.环境保护equator n.赤道equatorial low n.赤道低压equatorial though n.赤道低压槽equinox n.春分;秋分erosion n.侵蚀establish vt.建立Ethiopia n.埃塞俄比亚Ethiopian adj.埃塞俄比亚的Euphrates n.幼发拉底河Eurasian adj.欧亚(大陆)的European Union(EU) n.欧洲联盟evaporation n.蒸发evergreen adj.长绿的Everest n.珠穆朗玛峰exchange of energy between earth and atmosphere n.地球和大气层之间的能量的交换exclusive economic zone n.专属经济区exploit vt.开采开发extensive farming n.粗放农业extinct adj.以熄灭的extragalactic system n.河外星系Ffactors of agricultural location n.农业区位因素factors of industrial location n.工业区位因素factors of urban location n.城市区位因素farming outputs n.农业产出farming inputs n.农业投入fault n.断层fertile adj.肥沃的fertility n.肥力；出生率financial center n.金融中心first quarter moon n.上弦月fish farming n.渔业fishing ground n.渔场flatten v.变平float vi.漂浮floodplain n.泛滥平原fog n.雾fohn effect n.焚风作用fohn winds n.焚风fold n.褶皱fold mountains n.褶皱山地formation of precipitation n.降水的形成formulate vt. 规划;设计fossil n.化石France n.法国freeze-thaw n.冻融；冻土－解冻frigid zone n.寒带front n.锋frontal surface n.锋面frontal rain n.锋面雨frost n.霜冻frozen soil n.冻土Fuji-san n.富士山full moon n.满月；望月fumes n.烟雾fungi n.真菌GGalaxy n.银河系gale n.狂风Galileo n.伽利略Ganges n.恒河gaseous adj.气体的general atmospheric circulation n.大气环流geological processes n.地质作用geological disaster n.地质灾害geological time n.地质时期geomorphy n.地貌geostrophic wind n.地转风Germany n.德国glacial age n.冰期glacial deposition n.冰川沉积glacial erosion n.冰川侵蚀glaciate vt. 使结冰;以冰覆盖glaciation n.冰川作用glacier n.冰川global circulation models n.全球环流模式global warming n. 全球变暖gobi n.戈壁gorge n.峡谷gradient n.坡度gradient wind n.梯度风granular n.粒状Great Rift Valley n.大裂谷Greece n.希腊Green revolution n.绿色革命greenhouse effect n.大气保温效应greenhouse effect n.温室效应Greenland n.格陵兰岛Greenwich Observatory n.格林尼治天文台Gross National Product （GNP）n.国民生产总值gulf n.海湾Gulf of Genoa n.热那亚湾Gulf of Mexico n.墨西哥湾gutters n.排水沟Hhandicraft industry n.手工业harmonize v.使协调一致heliocentric theory n.日心说helmet n.头盔hemisphere n.半球herbivores n.食草动物hierarchy n.等级high pressure n.高压highway transportation n.公路运输Himalayas n.喜马拉雅山脉Hokkaido n.北海道岛hollow adj.空的horizontal n.地平线housing problem n.住房问题how winds are steered in the upper atmosphere n.在大气上层风是怎样进行human and economic factors n.人文与经济因素humidity n.湿度humification n.腐殖化hurricane n.飓风hydroelectric adj.水力电气的hydroelectric power plant n.水力发电站hydrosphere n.（地）水圈IIce sheet n.（地）大冰原；冰盾；冰盖immigration n.迁进；外来居民impact n.影响increase v.增加Indian n.印度Indochina Peninsula n.中南半岛Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚Indus River n.印度河industrial concentration n.工业集聚industrial dispersion n.工业分散industrial location n.工业区位industrialization n.工业化industry n.工业infant n.婴儿infertile adj.不肥沃的innovation n.革新input-output system n.投入－产出系统intensive farming n.集约农业intermittent showers n.阵international adj.国际的international trade n.金融中心internet n.商业intervene vi.介乎于…其间ionosphere n.电离层Iran n.伊朗Iraq n.伊拉克irrigation n.灌溉；冲洗Islam n.伊斯兰教island arcs n.岛弧Island Shikoku n.四国岛isobar n.等压线isotherms n.等温线Israel n.以色列Italy n.意大利JJapan n.日本Java n.爪哇岛Jerusalem n.耶路撒冷Jordan n.约旦Judaism n. 犹太教Jupiter n.木星Jurassic adj.侏罗纪的，侏罗系的KKarst n.喀斯特地貌katabatic wind n.下降气流风Kenya n.肯尼亚Kepler n.开普勒Kilimanjaro n.乞力马扎罗山Kobe n.神户Kuwait n.科威特Kyushu n.九州岛Llabour n.劳动力lag time n.延迟时间lagoon n.泻湖Lake Erie n.伊利湖Lake Huron n.休伦湖Lake Michigan n.密歇根湖Lake Ontario n.安大略湖Lake Superior n.苏比利尔湖land n.土地land and ocean changes n.海陆变迁land and sea breezes n.陆地和海洋的微风land and water distribution n.海陆分布land degradation and desertification n.土地退化和沙漠化landform n.地形landforms produced by glacial erosion n.冰川侵蚀形成的地形landmark n.陆标;地界标landslide n.滑坡Laos n.老挝Latin America n.拉丁美洲latitude n.纬度layer n.层；圈层leeward n.下风Liechtenstein adj.列支敦士登的light-year n.光年limestone n.石灰石linear speed n.线速度lithosphere n.（地）岩石圈，地壳local wind n.区域风；局地风location n.区位logging n.伐木London n.伦敦Longitude n.经度Los Angeles n.洛杉矶low pressure n.低压low-latitude(tropical)weather systems n.低纬度（热带）天气系统low-lying adj.低的lunar year n.农历Mmacula n.太阳黑子Madagascar n.马达加斯加岛magma rock n.岩浆岩magnetic field n.磁场magnetic storm n.磁暴main factors and processes affecting population size and distribution n.影响人口大小和分布的主要因素和过程mainland n.大陆maintain v.维持;建立；majority n.大多数;过半数Makkah n.麦加Malay Archipelago n.马来群岛Malaysia n.马来西亚man-earth relationship n.人地关系manned spaceship n.载人飞船mantle n.地幔Mariana Trench n.马里亚纳海沟marine adj.海的；海中的maritime n.海洋maritime climate n.海洋性气候market n.市场Mars n.火星marsh n.沼泽massive adj.巨大的;大块的mean density n.平均密度meanders n.曲流mediterranean adj.地中海的Mediterranean Sea n.地中海Mediterranean zone n.地中海带Mekong River n.湄公河meltwater n.融雪水Mercury n.水星meridian n.经线mesa n.台地mesosphere n.散逸层、中间层metagalaxy n.总星系；宇宙metamorphic rock n.变质岩metamorphism n.变质作用meteoroid n.流星体midday n.正午middle and high latitudes n.中、高纬度Middle Asia n.中亚Middle East n.中东mid-latitude cyclonic belt n.中纬度气旋带mid-latitude weather systems n.中纬度的天气系统midnight n.午夜migration n.迁移military adj.军事的;军用的mineral n.矿物Mississippi n.密西西比河mixed farming n.混合农业mode of transport n.运输方式modern agriculture n.现代农业Moho n.莫霍面molecules n.分子monogamy n.一夫一妻制monsoon n.季风;雨季moraines n.冰碛morphology of the urban heat island n.城市热岛地形mortality n.死亡率Moscow n.莫斯科moss n.苔,藓mountain and valley winds n.山地和山谷风mountaineering n.登山mud-rock flow n.泥石流Nnationality n.民族natural resource n.自然资源natural zone n.自然带navigate v.航行;航海nebula n.星云needle leaves n.针叶Neptune n.海王星Netherlands n.荷兰New Delhi n.新德里new moon n.朔月new towns and green belts n.新城镇和绿带New York n.纽约newly rising industry n.新兴工业Nigeria n.尼日利亚Nile n.尼罗河nitrogen n.氮Noah's Ark n.诺亚方舟nocturnal land breeze n.夜间陆地风noise pollution n.噪声污染nomadism n.游牧non-commercial adj.非商业的North Asia n.北亚North Pole n.北极north-east monsoon n.东北季风Norway n.挪威noxious adj.有害的nuclear adj. (核)核子的;原子能的nuclear fusion reaction n.核聚变Ooasis n.绿洲Ob n. 鄂毕河oblate adj.（数）椭圆的；扁圆的；oblique adj.斜的occluded front n.锢囚锋occupy v.占据;占有ocean current n.洋流ocean ridges n.洋脊omnivores n.杂食动物optimum population n.最佳人口orbit n.(天体等)运行轨道organic substance n.有机物organism n.生物organization n.组织origin n.起源Osaka n.大阪outer core n.外地核out-migration n.迁出outwash n.冲刷overpopulation n.人口过剩overtaking v.超越ownership n.所有权;物主身份ox-bow lake n.牛轭湖oxygen n.氧ozone n.臭氧ozonosphere n.臭氧层Ppaddy field n.水田Pakistan n.巴基斯坦Pamirs n.帕米尔高原Pampas n.南美大草原，潘帕斯草原Panama Canal n.巴拿马运河parallel n.纬线Paris n.巴黎pastoral farming n.畜牧业pasture n.牧场penguin n.企鹅peninsula n.半岛perihelion n.对流层顶periods of growth n.增长的周期perpendicular adj.垂直的Persian adj.波斯的,波斯人Persian Gulf n.波斯湾Persist n.持续Pesticide n.杀虫剂phases of the moon n.月相photochemical adj.光化学的Photosphere n.日冕photosynthesis n.光合作用phreatic water n. 潜水；地下水physical factors n.自然因素pigment n.色素pipeline transport n.航空运输plain n.平原Planalto do Brasil n.巴西高原planet n.行星plantations n.种植plants n.植物plate n.板块plate tectonic theory n.板块构造学说plate tectonics n.板块构造plateau n.高原Pluto n.冥王星polar circle n.极圈polar continental adj.极地大陆的polar high n.极地高压polar maritime adj.极地海洋的（mp）polar night n.极昼Polar Plat n.南极高原polar region n.极区；极地pollutant n.污染物pollution n.污染pond as an ecosystem n.作为一个生态系统的水塘pools and riffles n.池沼和浅滩population density n.人口密度population distribution and change n.人口分布和变化population explosion n.人口爆炸population growth n.人口增长population policy n.人口政策population pressure n.人口压力population size and distribution factors n.人口大小和分布populous adj.人口密集的port n.港口precipitation n.降水量;雨量precipitation patterns n.降水类型pressure gradient n.气压梯度pressure low n.低（气）压pressure high n.高（气）压pressure-gradient force n.压力梯度力prevailing wind n.盛行风prime meridian n.本初子午线primitive farming n.原始农业prisere n.演替productivity n.生产力promote v.提升protection n.保护Pyramid n.金字塔Qquality n.质量Rrace n.种族radiation and sunshine n.辐射和日照railway transportation n.铁路运输rainforest n.热带雨林rainstorm n.暴风雨raw materials n.原料ray n.射线;光线reclamation n.开垦Red Sea n.红海relationship n.关系religion n.宗教residential area n.居住区resource n.资源revolution n.绕转;旋转;旋转一周revolution cycle n.公转周期Rhine n.莱茵河rice farming n.水稻种植业ridge v.使成脊；使降起riffle n.浅滩rill n.小溪Rio de Janerio n.里约热内卢river channel n.河道river's load n.河流搬运rock n.岩石Rocky Mountains n.落基山脉Roma n.罗马Romania n.罗马尼亚rotation n.旋转;旋转一周rotation cycle n.自周期Rotterdam n.鹿特丹runoff n.径流rural area n.乡村Rural Settlement n.乡村聚落Russia n.俄罗斯SSahara n.撒哈拉Sahara Desert n.撒哈拉沙漠Saint Petersburg n.圣彼得堡salinity n.盐分;盐度San Francisco n.圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）sand dunes in hot deserts n.热沙漠的沙丘sandstorm n.沙尘暴satellite n.卫星satellite town n.卫星城saturated vapour pressure n.饱和蒸汽压Saturn n.土星Saudi Arabia n.沙特阿拉伯Savannas n.热带稀树草原Scandinavia n.斯堪的纳维亚scary n.断崖scattered adj.分散的scrub n.灌木林seal n.海豹sea-level n.海平面seaport n.海港;港口都市seasonal variation in river flow :the regime n.河流季节变化：变律sediment rock n.沉积岩sedimentary deposit n.沉积物sedimentation n.沉积作用seismic adj.地震的semitropical adj.副热带的;亚热带的settlement n.聚落shallow beach n.浅滩shell n.壳side beach n.边滩sidereal day n.恒星日sidereal year n.恒星年signatory n.签约国silted up n.淤积sima n.硅镁层Singapore n.新加坡site n.地点situation n.位置sleet shower n.降雨雪Slovakia n.斯洛伐克slums n.贫民区socio-economic determinants n.社会－经济的决定因素soil n.土壤soil erosion n.水土流失soil profile n.土壤剖面solar activity n.太阳活动solar altitude n.太阳高度Solar Constant n.太阳常数solar day n.太阳日solar energy n.太阳能solar flare n.耀斑solar radiation n.太阳辐射solar system n.太阳系solid shape n.固态solid inner core n.固体内核solstice n.至日；至点South Asia n.南亚South Pole n.（地）南极Southeast Asia n.东南亚south-west monsoon n.西南季风space explorer n.空间探测器space shuttle n.航天飞机space station n.航天站sparse adj.稀少的sparsely adv.稀疏的,稀少的species n.种;类spin v.快速旋转;回旋split v.分开,分离spring equinox n.春分star n.恒星stature n.身材steppe n.干草原strait n.地峡;海峡Strait of Gibraltar n.直布罗陀海峡Strait of Malacca n.马六甲海峡stratosphere n.平流层；同温层structure of the air above the urban area n.城市地区上空空气的结构subduction n.俯冲作用subpolar low n.副极地低压sub-Saharan Africa n.撒哈拉以南的非洲subsiding n.下沉subsistence agriculture n.自给农业subsolar point n.太阳直射点subtropical high n.副热带高压sub-tropical highs n.亚热带高气压succession n.演替Suez Canal n.苏伊士运河Sumatra n.苏门答腊岛summer solstice n.夏至summit n.顶点sun n.太阳sunlight hours n.日照小时sunlit adj.太阳照射的superenergy electronicparticles n.高能带电粒子sustainable development n.可持续发展Sweden n.瑞典Switzerland n.瑞士Sydney n.悉尼Ttall grasses n.高草Tasmania n.塔斯马尼亚岛tectonic plate n.地壳构造板块Tectonic plate dirft n.板块漂移telescope n.天文望远镜temperate coniferous forest n.温带针叶林temperate deciduous broadleaf forest n.温带落叶阔叶林temperate deciduous woodland n.温带落叶林地temperate grasslands (steppe) n.温带草原（干草原)temperate zone n.温带temperature n.温度Tethys n.古地中海,特提斯海Thailand n.泰国the effect of city morphologyon radiation received at the surface n.城市地貌对地表接受辐射的影响theories of plate motions and oceans ridges n.板块运动和大洋中脊理论thermal n.热的thermosphere n.热成层；电离层third quarter moon n.下弦月Three Gorges Dam n.三峡大坝thunder n.雷thunderstorms n.雷暴雨Tibet Plateau n.青藏高原tidal size n.潮汐大小tide and the tidal cycle n.潮汐和潮周期Tigris n.底格里斯河till n.冰碛物time zone n.时区Tokyo n.东京torrents n.山洪total fertility rate n.总的出生率trade-wind n.信风traditional farming n.传统农业traffic problems n.交通问题transitional adj.过渡的transport n.交通运输transport line n.管道运输transport junction /transport network n.交通运输网transportation n.运输transportation artery n.运输要道treatment n.处置,处理;治疗treaty n.条约;谈判trench n.海沟tributary n.支流trophic pyramid n. 营养（食物）金字塔tropic n.回归线Tropic of Cancer n.北回归线Tropic of Capricorn n.南回归线tropic zone n.热带tropical continental adj.热带大陆的tropical cyclone n.旋风;飓风;气旋；热带气旋tropical disturbances n.热带扰动tropical maritime adj.热带海洋的tropical rainforest n.热带雨林tropical semi-arid n.热带的半干旱tropical year n.回归年tropicalplant n.热带植物troposphere n.对流层tundra n.(北极地区的)冻原;苔原tundra belt n.苔原带turbulence n.湍流Turkey Strait n.土耳其海峡typhoon n.(气)台风UUkraine n.乌克兰ultraviolet ray n.紫外线underlying surface n.下垫面underneath n.在…下面undernourished adj.营养不良的underpopulation n.人口不足United Nations n.联合国United States n.美国uplift n.上升upper mantle n.上地幔upstream n.上游Ural Mountains n.乌拉尔山Uranus n.天王星urban heat island n.城市热岛urban microclimates n.城市小气候urban planning n.城市规划urban problems n.城市问题urban road network n.城市道路网urban settlement n.城市聚落urbanization n.城市化urban-rural shift n.城市－乡村迁移utilization n.利用Vvaried adj.多变的vegetation n.植物vegetation cover n.植被覆盖Venus n.金星vernal adj.春天的vertical stratification n.垂直的分层vessel n.血管;脉管Vienna n.维也纳Vietnam n.越南views of population growth n.人口增长观点vigorous adj.有力的Vladivostok n.夫拉迪乌克托克volcano n.火山Volga n.伏尔加河volume n.体积Wwarm current n.暖流warm front n.暖锋warm front approaches n.暖锋临近warm sector n.暖区Washington n.华盛顿wash-load n.冲积物water circulation n.水循环water level n.水位water source n.水资源water vapor n.水蒸汽waterfall n.瀑布waterway n.排水道waves and tides n.波浪和潮汐weapon n.武器weather n.天气weather associated with a depression n.与低压有关的天气weather forecast n.天气预报weather system n.天气系统weathering n.风化作用West Asia n.西亚West Siberian Plain n.西西伯利亚高原westerlies n.西风带wet and dry tropics n.湿润的和干燥的热带whale n.鲸;捕鲸wind v.弯曲windward adj.上风的，迎风的winter n.冬天winter solstice n.冬至world distribution n.世界分布World Trade Organization n.世界贸易组织XX ray n. X射线xerophytes n.旱生植物Yγ ray n. γ射线Ztimezone n.区时。
地理基础英语-词汇
地理基础英语-词汇附录：常用专业词汇表Aabiotic adj.非生物的ablation n.消融abundant adj.丰富的;充足的abyssal adj.深不可测的abyssal plain n.深海平原accompany vt.陪伴;伴随accumulation n.堆积作用acid rain n.酸雨acres lost each year n.每年失去英亩数administer vt.管理;实施;执行Adriatic adj.亚得里亚海Aegean n.爱琴海aerospaceplane n.航天飞机aerosphere n.大气层afforestation n.造林Agenda 21 n.21世纪议程aggregate n.聚集agricultural modernization n.农业现代化agricultural system n.农业系统agriculture n.农业air mass n.气团air transport n.水路运输air flows and air masses n.气流和气团air pollution n.空气污染airport n.航空港Allah n.（回教语）安拉,真主alluvial fan n.冲积扇alluvial plain n.冲积平原Alps n.阿尔卑斯山脉alternation n.改变;变更altitude n.高度Amazon n.亚马孙河Amazon Basin n.亚马孙平原anabatic winds n.上升气流风Andes Mountains n.安第斯山脉angular speed n.角速度Antarctic Area n.南极地区anticyclone n.反气旋aphelion n.远日点Appalachian Mountains n.阿巴拉契亚山脉aquatic n.水生的Aral Sea n.咸海(中亚西亚地区)arctic adj.北极的Arctic Area n.北极地区arctic maritime adj.北极海洋的（ma）arid n.干旱arid environment n.干旱环境arid zones n.干旱地带artificial island n.人工岛asthenosphere n.软流圈atmosphere n.大气圈，大气atmospheric pressure n.气压clearing showers n.晴朗阵雨climate n.气候clockwise n.顺时针coast n.海岸coastal plain n.滨海平原coastal zone n.海岸带coastline n.海岸线cold current n.寒流cold front n.冷锋cold wave n.寒潮combustion n.燃烧comet n.彗星commerce n.商业中心commercial center n.国际贸易commercial route n.商业通道communication and transportation n.交通运输commuters n.通勤者competition n.竞争components of population change n.人口组成的变化comprise v.包含；构成concentration n.集中condensation n.凝结condensation and lapse ratesn . 凝结作用和递减率conduction n.传导conflict vi.冲突;争执congested adj.拥挤的coniferous adj.松柏科的；针叶科的continental adj.大陆性的continental crust n.大陆地壳continental drift n.大陆飘移continental shelf n.大陆架continuous adj.连续的controls on weathering n.控制风化作用convection n.对流convergence n.辐合cooperation n.合作Copernicus n.哥白尼core n.地核Coriolis force n.科氏力counterclockwise n.逆时针counter-urbanization n.逆城市化Croatia n.克罗地亚crude birth rate n.自然出生率crude death rate n.自然死亡率crust n.地壳crystal shape n.晶体crystals n.水晶cultivated land n.耕地cumulonimbus n.积雨云current n.水流;气流cut-off n.截断cyclone n.气旋cyclonic adj.气旋的cyclonic disturbances n.气旋的扰动Czech n.捷克人Ddairy farming n. 乳畜业dam n.大坝Danube n.多瑙河daytime sea breeze n.日间海风De revolutionibus orbium coelestium n.天体运行论Dead Sea n.死海Deccan plateau n.德干高原decomposer n.分解者deforestation n.森林砍伐degrading n.降低deindustrialization n.后工业化deity n.神,神性delta n.三角洲delta plain n.三角洲平原density n.密度deposition n.沉积depression n.低气压depression n.凹陷;凹陷处depression belt n.低压带descending plate n.下降板块destruction of the tropical rainforest n.热带雨林的破坏detritivores n.食腐动物, 食碎屑者developing world city n.发展中的世界城市dew-point n.露点diameter n.直径differentiate vt.区分direct solar radiation n.太阳直射disastrous n.灾难性的discharge n.流量discontinuous adj.不连续的distribution of arid and semi-arid environment n.干旱和半干旱环境的分布divergence n.辐散.diverse adj.不同的diversified adj.多样化的diversity n.多样性dolomite n.白云石downpour n.倾盆大雨downwind adj.顺风的drift n.漂流droplet n.小滴dry-hot wind n.干热风dune n.沙丘dwellings n.居住Eearth n.地球earth revolution n.地球公转earth rotation n.地球自转earthquake n.地震earth's axis n.地轴East Asia n.东亚ebb n.退潮ecliptic plane / earth's orbit plane n.黄道ecological service n.生态服务economic increase n.经济增长economy n.经济ecosystem n.生态系统effect of friction n.摩檫力作用Egypt n.埃及electromagnetic wave n.电磁波element n.要素elevation n.海拔ellipse n.椭圆England n.英国environment n. 环境environmental issue n.环境污染environmental logo n.环境标志environmental pollution n.生态破坏environmental protection n.环境保护equator n.赤道equatorial low n.赤道低压equatorial though n.赤道低压槽equinox n.春分;秋分erosion n.侵蚀establish vt.建立Ethiopia n.埃塞俄比亚Ethiopian adj.埃塞俄比亚的Euphrates n.幼发拉底河Eurasian adj.欧亚(大陆)的European Union(EU) n.欧洲联盟evaporation n.蒸发evergreen adj.长绿的Everest n.珠穆朗玛峰exchange of energy between earth and atmosphere n.地球和大气层之间的能量的交换exclusive economic zone n.专属经济区exploit vt.开采开发extensive farming n.粗放农业extinct adj.以熄灭的extragalactic system n.河外星系Ffactors of agricultural location n.农业区位因素factors of industrial location n.工业区位因素factors of urban location n.城市区位因素farming outputs n.农业产出farming inputs n.农业投入fault n.断层fertile adj.肥沃的fertility n.肥力；出生率financial center n.金融中心first quarter moon n.上弦月fish farming n.渔业fishing ground n.渔场flatten v.变平float vi.漂浮floodplain n.泛滥平原fog n.雾fohn effect n.焚风作用fohn winds n.焚风fold n.褶皱fold mountains n.褶皱山地formation of precipitation n.降水的形成formulate vt. 规划;设计fossil n.化石France n.法国freeze-thaw n.冻融；冻土－解冻frigid zone n.寒带front n.锋frontal surface n.锋面frontal rain n.锋面雨frost n.霜冻frozen soil n.冻土Fuji-san n.富士山full moon n.满月；望月fumes n.烟雾fungi n.真菌GGalaxy n.银河系gale n.狂风Galileo n.伽利略Ganges n.恒河gaseous adj.气体的general atmospheric circulation n.大气环流geological processes n.地质作用geological disaster n.地质灾害geological time n.地质时期geomorphy n.地貌geostrophic wind n.地转风Germany n.德国glacial age n.冰期glacial deposition n.冰川沉积glacial erosion n.冰川侵蚀glaciate vt. 使结冰;以冰覆盖glaciation n.冰川作用glacier n.冰川global circulation models n.全球环流模式global warming n. 全球变暖gobi n.戈壁gorge n.峡谷gradient n.坡度gradient wind n.梯度风granular n.粒状Great Rift Valley n.大裂谷Greece n.希腊Green revolution n.绿色革命greenhouse effect n.大气保温效应greenhouse effect n.温室效应Greenland n.格陵兰岛Greenwich Observatory n.格林尼治天文台Gross National Product （GNP）n.国民生产总值gulf n.海湾Gulf of Genoa n.热那亚湾Gulf of Mexico n.墨西哥湾gutters n.排水沟Hhandicraft industry n.手工业harmonize v.使协调一致heliocentric theory n.日心说helmet n.头盔hemisphere n.半球herbivores n.食草动物hierarchy n.等级high pressure n.高压highway transportation n.公路运输Himalayas n.喜马拉雅山脉Hokkaido n.北海道岛hollow adj.空的horizontal n.地平线housing problem n.住房问题how winds are steered in the upper atmosphere n.在大气上层风是怎样进行human and economic factors n.人文及经济因素humidity n.湿度humification n.腐殖化hurricane n.飓风hydroelectric adj.水力电气的hydroelectric power plant n.水力发电站hydrosphere n.（地）水圈……………………………………IIce sheet n.（地）大冰原；冰盾；冰盖immigration n.迁进；外来居民impact n.影响increase v.增加Indian n.印度Indochina Peninsula n.中南半岛Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚Indus River n.印度河industrial concentration n.工业集聚industrial dispersion n.工业分散industrial location n.工业区位industrialization n.工业化industry n.工业infant n.婴儿infertile adj.不肥沃的innovation n.革新input-output system n.投入－产出系统intensive farming n.集约农业intermittent showers n.阵international adj.国际的international trade n.金融中心internet n.商业intervene vi.介乎于…其间ionosphere n.电离层Iran n.伊朗Iraq n.伊拉克irrigation n.灌溉；冲洗Islam n.伊斯兰教island arcs n.岛弧Island Shikoku n.四国岛isobar n.等压线isotherms n.等温线Israel n.以色列Italy n.意大利JJapan n.日本Java n.爪哇岛Jerusalem n.耶路撒冷Jordan n.约旦Judaism n. 犹太教Jupiter n.木星Jurassic adj.侏罗纪的，侏罗系的KKarst n.喀斯特地貌katabatic wind n.下降气流风Kenya n.肯尼亚Kepler n.开普勒Kilimanjaro n.乞力马扎罗山Kobe n.神户Kuwait n.科威特Kyushu n.九州岛Llabour n.劳动力lag time n.延迟时间lagoon n.泻湖Lake Erie n.伊利湖Lake Huron n.休伦湖Lake Michigan n.密歇根湖Lake Ontario n.安大略湖Lake Superior n.苏比利尔湖land n.土地land and ocean changes n.海陆变迁land and sea breezes n.陆地和海洋的微风land and water distribution n.海陆分布land degradation and desertification n.土地退化和沙漠化landform n.地形landforms produced by glacial erosion n.冰川侵蚀形成的地形landmark n.陆标;地界标landslide n.滑坡Laos n.老挝Latin America n.拉丁美洲latitude n.纬度layer n.层；圈层leeward n.下风Liechtenstein adj.列支敦士登的light-year n.光年limestone n.石灰石linear speed n.线速度lithosphere n.（地）岩石圈，地壳local wind n.区域风；局地风location n.区位logging n.伐木London n.伦敦Longitude n.经度Los Angeles n.洛杉矶low pressure n.低压low-latitude (tropical)weather systems n.低纬度（热带）天气系统low-lying adj.低的lunar year n.农历Mmacula n.太阳黑子Madagascar n.马达加斯加岛magma rock n.岩浆岩magnetic field n.磁场magnetic storm n.磁暴main factors and processes affecting population size and distribution n.影响人口大小和分布的主要因素和过程mainland n.大陆maintain v.维持;建立；majority n.大多数;过半数Makkah n.麦加Malay Archipelago n.马来群岛Malaysia n.马来西亚man-earth relationship n.人地关系manned spaceship n.载人飞船mantle n.地幔Mariana Trench n.马里亚纳海沟marine adj.海的；海中的maritime n.海洋maritime climate n.海洋性气候market n.市场Mars n.火星marsh n.沼泽massive adj.巨大的;大块的mean density n.平均密度meanders n.曲流mediterranean adj.地中海的Mediterranean Sea n.地中海Mediterranean zone n.地中海带Mekong River n.湄公河meltwater n.融雪水Mercury n.水星meridian n.经线mesa n.台地mesosphere n.散逸层、中间层metagalaxy n.总星系；宇宙metamorphic rock n.变质岩metamorphism n.变质作用meteoroid n.流星体midday n.正午middle and high latitudes n.中、高纬度Middle Asia n.中亚Middle East n.中东mid-latitude cyclonic belt n.中纬度气旋带mid-latitude weather systems n.中纬度的天气系统midnight n.午夜migration n.迁移military adj.军事的;军用的mineral n.矿物Mississippi n.密西西比河mixed farming n.混合农业mode of transport n.运输方式modern agriculture n.现代农业Moho n.莫霍面molecules n.分子monogamy n.一夫一妻制monsoon n.季风;雨季moraines n.冰碛morphology of the urban heat island n.城市热岛地形mortality n.死亡率………………………………Moscow n.莫斯科moss n.苔,藓mountain and valley winds n.山地和山谷风mountaineering n.登山mud-rock flow n.泥石流Nnationality n.民族natural resource n.自然资源natural zone n.自然带navigate v.航行;航海nebula n.星云needle leaves n.针叶Neptune n.海王星Netherlands n.荷兰New Delhi n.新德里new moon n.朔月new towns and green belts n.新城镇和绿带New York n.纽约newly rising industry n.新兴工业Nigeria n.尼日利亚Nile n.尼罗河nitrogen n.氮Noah's Ark n.诺亚方舟nocturnal land breeze n.夜间陆地风noise pollution n.噪声污染nomadism n.游牧non-commercial adj.非商业的North Asia n.北亚North Pole n.北极north-east monsoon n.东北季风Norway n.挪威noxious adj.有害的nuclear adj. (核)核子的;原子能的nuclear fusion reaction n.核聚变Ooasis n.绿洲Ob n. 鄂毕河oblate adj.（数）椭圆的；扁圆的；oblique adj.斜的occluded front n.锢囚锋occupy v.占据;占有ocean current n.洋流ocean ridges n.洋脊omnivores n.杂食动物optimum population n.最佳人口orbit n.(天体等)运行轨道organic substance n.有机物organism n.生物organization n.组织origin n.起源Osaka n.大阪outer core n.外地核out-migration n.迁出outwash n.冲刷overpopulation n.人口过剩overtaking v.超越ownership n.所有权;物主身份ox-bow lake n.牛轭湖oxygen n.氧ozone n.臭氧ozonosphere n.臭氧层Ppaddy field n.水田Pakistan n.巴基斯坦Pamirs n.帕米尔高原Pampas n.南美大草原，潘帕斯草原Panama Canal n.巴拿马运河parallel n.纬线Paris n.巴黎pastoral farming n.畜牧业pasture n.牧场penguin n.企鹅peninsula n.半岛perihelion n.对流层顶periods of growth n.增长的周期perpendicular adj.垂直的Persian adj.波斯的,波斯人Persian Gulf n.波斯湾Persist n.持续Pesticide n.杀虫剂phases of the moon n.月相photochemical adj.光化学的Photosphere n.日冕photosynthesis n.光合作用phreatic water n. 潜水；地下水physical factors n.自然因素pigment n.色素pipeline transport n.航空运输plain n.平原Planalto do Brasil n.巴西高原planet n.行星plantations n.种植plants n.植物plate n.板块plate tectonic theory n.板块构造学说plate tectonics n.板块构造plateau n.高原Pluto n.冥王星polar circle n.极圈polar continental adj.极地大陆的polar high n.极地高压polar maritime adj.极地海洋的（mp）polar night n.极昼Polar Plat n.南极高原polar region n.极区；极地pollutant n.污染物pollution n.污染pond as an ecosystem n.作为一个生态系统的水塘pools and riffles n.池沼和浅滩population density n.人口密度population distribution and change n.人口分布和变化population explosion n.人口爆炸population growth n.人口增长population policy n.人口政策population pressure n.人口压力population size and distribution factors n.人口大小和分布populous adj.人口密集的port n.港口precipitation n.降水量;雨量precipitation patterns n.降水类型pressure gradient n.气压梯度pressure low n.低（气）压pressure high n.高（气）压pressure-gradient force n.压力梯度力prevailing wind n.盛行风prime meridian n.本初子午线primitive farming n.原始农业prisere n.演替productivity n.生产力promote v.提升protection n.保护Pyramid n.金字塔Qquality n.质量Rrace n.种族radiation and sunshine n.辐射和日照railway transportation n.铁路运输rainforest n.热带雨林rainstorm n.暴风雨raw materials n.原料ray n.射线;光线reclamation n.开垦Red Sea n.红海relationship n.关系religion n.宗教residential area n.居住区resource n.资源revolution n.绕转;旋转;旋转一周revolution cycle n.公转周期Rhine n.莱茵河rice farming n.水稻种植业ridge v.使成脊；使降起riffle n.浅滩rill n.小溪Rio de Janerio n.里约热内卢river channel n.河道river's load n.河流搬运rock n.岩石Rocky Mountains n.落基山脉Roma n.罗马Romania n.罗马尼亚rotation n.旋转;旋转一周rotation cycle n.自周期Rotterdam n.鹿特丹runoff n.径流rural area n.乡村Rural Settlement n.乡村聚落Russia n.俄罗斯SSahara n.撒哈拉Sahara Desert n.撒哈拉沙漠Saint Petersburg n.圣彼得堡salinity n.盐分;盐度San Francisco n.圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）sand dunes in hot deserts n.热沙漠的沙丘sandstorm n.沙尘暴satellite n.卫星satellite town n.卫星城saturated vapour pressure n.饱和蒸汽压Saturn n.土星Saudi Arabia n.沙特阿拉伯Savannas n.热带稀树草原Scandinavia n.斯堪的纳维亚scary n.断崖scattered adj.分散的scrub n.灌木林seal n.海豹sea-level n.海平面seaport n.海港;港口都市seasonal variation in riverflow :the regime n.河流季节变化：变律sediment rock n.沉积岩sedimentary deposit n.沉积物sedimentation n.沉积作用seismic adj.地震的semitropical adj.副热带的;亚热带的settlement n.聚落shallow beach n.浅滩shell n.壳side beach n.边滩sidereal day n.恒星日sidereal year n.恒星年signatory n.签约国silted up n.淤积sima n.硅镁层Singapore n.新加坡site n.地点situation n.位置sleet shower n.降雨雪Slovakia n.斯洛伐克slums n.贫民区socio-economic determinants n.社会－经济的决定因素soil n.土壤soil erosion n.水土流失soil profile n.土壤剖面solar activity n.太阳活动solar altitude n.太阳高度Solar Constant n.太阳常数solar day n.太阳日solar energy n.太阳能solar flare n.耀斑solar radiation n.太阳辐射solar system n.太阳系solid shape n.固态solid inner core n.固体内核solstice n.至日；至点South Asia n.南亚South Pole n.（地）南极Southeast Asia n.东南亚south-west monsoon n.西南季风space explorer n.空间探测器space shuttle n.航天飞机space station n.航天站sparse adj.稀少的sparsely adv.稀疏的,稀少的species n.种;类spin v.快速旋转;回旋split v.分开,分离spring equinox n.春分star n.恒星stature n.身材steppe n.干草原strait n.地峡;海峡Strait of Gibraltar n.直布罗陀海峡Strait of Malacca n.马六甲海峡stratosphere n.平流层；同温层…………………………………………structure of the air above the urban area n.城市地区上空空气的结构subduction n.俯冲作用subpolar low n.副极地低压sub-Saharan Africa n.撒哈拉以南的非洲subsiding n.下沉subsistence agriculture n.自给农业subsolar point n.太阳直射点subtropical high n.副热带高压sub-tropical highs n.亚热带高气压succession n.演替Suez Canal n.苏伊士运河Sumatra n.苏门答腊岛summer solstice n.夏至summit n.顶点sun n.太阳sunlight hours n.日照小时sunlit adj.太阳照射的superenergy electronic particles n.高能带电粒子sustainable development n.可持续发展Sweden n.瑞典Switzerland n.瑞士Sydney n.悉尼Ttall grasses n.高草Tasmania n.塔斯马尼亚岛tectonic plate n.地壳构造板块Tectonic plate dirft n.板块漂移telescope n.天文望远镜temperate coniferous forest n.温带针叶林temperate deciduous broadleaf forest n.温带落叶阔叶林temperate deciduous woodland n.温带落叶林地temperate grasslands (steppe)n.温带草原（干草原)temperate zone n.温带temperature n.温度Tethys n.古地中海,特提斯海Thailand n.泰国the effect of city morphology on radiation received at the surface n.城市地貌对地表接受辐射的影响theories of plate motions and oceans ridges n.板块运动和大洋中脊理论thermal n.热的thermosphere n.热成层；电离层third quarter moon n.下弦月Three Gorges Dam n.三峡大坝thunder n.雷thunderstorms n.雷暴雨Tibet Plateau n.青藏高原tidal size n.潮汐大小tide and the tidal cycle n.潮汐和潮周期Tigris n.底格里斯河till n.冰碛物time zone n.时区Tokyo n.东京torrents n.山洪total fertility rate n.总的出生率trade-wind n.信风traditional farming n.传统农业traffic problems n.交通问题transitional adj.过渡的transport n.交通运输transport line n.管道运输transport junction /transport network n.交通运输网transportation n.运输transportation artery n.运输要道treatment n.处置,处理;治疗treaty n.条约;谈判trench n.海沟tributary n.支流trophic pyramid n. 营养（食物）金字塔tropic n.回归线Tropic of Cancer n.北回归线Tropic of Capricorn n.南回归线tropic zone n.热带tropical continental adj.热带大陆的tropical cyclone n.旋风;飓风;气旋；热带气旋tropical disturbances n.热带扰动tropical maritime adj.热带海洋的tropical rainforest n.热带雨林tropical semi-arid n.热带的半干旱tropical year n.回归年tropicalplant n.热带植物troposphere n.对流层tundra n.(北极地区的)冻原;苔原tundra belt n.苔原带turbulence n.湍流Turkey Strait n.土耳其海峡typhoon n.(气)台风UUkraine n.乌克兰ultraviolet ray n.紫外线underlying surface n.下垫面underneath n.在…下面undernourished adj.营养不良的underpopulation n.人口不足United Nations n.联合国United States n.美国uplift n.上升upper mantle n.上地幔upstream n.上游Ural Mountains n.乌拉尔山Uranus n.天王星urban heat island n.城市热岛urban microclimates n.城市小气候urban planning n.城市规划urban problems n.城市问题urban road network n.城市道路网urban settlement n.城市聚落urbanization n.城市化urban-rural shift n.城市－乡村迁移utilization n.利用Vvaried adj.多变的vegetation n.植物vegetation cover n.植被覆盖Venus n.金星vernal adj.春天的vertical stratification n.垂直的分层vessel n.血管;脉管Vienna n.维也纳Vietnam n.越南views of population growth n.人口增长观点vigorous adj.有力的Vladivostok n.夫拉迪乌克托克volcano n.火山Volga n.伏尔加河volume n.体积Wwarm current n.暖流warm front n.暖锋warm front approaches n.暖锋临近warm sector n.暖区Washington n.华盛顿wash-load n.冲积物water circulation n.水循环water level n.水位water source n.水资源water vapor n.水蒸汽waterfall n.瀑布waterway n.排水道waves and tides n.波浪和潮汐weapon n.武器weather n.天气weather associated with adepression n.与低压有关的天气weather forecast n.天气预报weather system n.天气系统weathering n.风化作用West Asia n.西亚West Siberian Plain n.西西伯利亚高原westerlies n.西风带wet and dry tropics n.湿润的和干燥的热带whale n.鲸;捕鲸wind v.弯曲windward adj.上风的，迎风的winter n.冬天winter solstice n.冬至world distribution n.世界分布World Trade Organization n.世界贸易组织XX ray n. X射线xerophytes n.旱生植物Yγ ray n. γ射线Ztimezone n.区时。
地理学英语词汇大全地理学专业英语词汇
地理学英语词汇大全地理学专业英语词汇Geography is a fascinating field that involves the study of the Earth's physical features, climate patterns, and the interaction between humans and the environment. As with any subject, learning the vocabulary specific to geography is essential for effective communication and understanding. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive list of English vocabulary words commonly used in geography studies. This compilation aims to assist geography students, researchers, and enthusiasts in expanding their knowledge and fluency in the subject.1. Physical Geography Terms:1.1 Landforms: mountains, plains, plateaus, hills, valleys, canyons, ridges, etc.1.2 Water Bodies: oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, ponds, waterfalls, etc.1.3 Climate: tropical, arid, temperate, polar, humid, continental, monsoon, etc.1.4 Weather: precipitation, humidity, temperature, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, etc.1.5 Ecosystems: forests, deserts, grasslands, wetlands, tundra, coral reefs, etc.1.6 Natural Disasters: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, etc.2. Human Geography Terms:2.1 Population: demographics, birth rate, death rate, population density, population growth, migration, etc.2.2 Urbanization: cities, urban areas, urban planning, urban expansion, slums, skyscrapers, etc.2.3 Transportation: roads, highways, railways, airports, ports, bridges, tunnels, public transportation, etc.2.4 Agriculture: farming, crop cultivation, livestock rearing, irrigation, agribusiness, sustainable agriculture, etc.2.5 Economic Systems: capitalism, socialism, market economy, planned economy, globalization, trade, etc.2.6 Cultural Geography: language, religion, traditions, customs, folklore, national identity, ethnicity, etc.3. Geographical Tools and Techniques:3.1 Maps: topographic maps, thematic maps, political maps, physical maps, cartography, map scale, symbols, etc.3.2 Remote Sensing: satellite imagery, aerial photography, GIS (Geographic Information System), GPS (Global Positioning System), etc.3.3 Fieldwork: surveys, observations, sampling, data collection, experiments, analysis, etc.3.4 Geographic Information: coordinates, latitude, longitude, elevation, GIS data layers, geospatial analysis, etc.3.5 Land Surveying: land measurement, boundary determination, survey instruments, geodetic surveying, etc.3.6 Computer Applications: geospatial software, data visualization, modeling, remote sensing software, etc.4. Environmental Geography Terms:4.1 Pollution: air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination, noise pollution, waste management, recycling, etc.4.2 Climate Change: greenhouse effect, global warming, carbon footprint, renewable energy, climate adaptation, mitigation, etc.4.3 Conservation: biodiversity, endangered species, habitat preservation, national parks, sustainable development, etc.4.4 Natural Resources: minerals, fossil fuels, renewable resources, water resources, forestry, sustainable use, etc.4.5 Environmental Impact: deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, land degradation, pollution control, conservation strategies, etc.4.6 Sustainability: environmental stewardship, eco-friendly practices, sustainable lifestyles, green technologies, circular economy, etc.5. Geopolitical and International Relations Terms:5.1 Borders: international borders, geopolitical boundaries, border disputes, border control, immigration, etc.5.2 Global Organizations: United Nations (UN), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organization (WTO), etc.5.3 Geopolitical Concepts: geopolitics, superpowers, regional integration, imperialism, colonialism, nation-state, etc.5.4 Global Issues: globalization, inequality, poverty, human rights, peacekeeping, conflict, diplomacy, international cooperation, etc.5.5 Development: developed countries, developing countries, sustainable development goals (SDGs), economic indicators, etc.5.6 Migration: immigration, emigration, refugees, asylum seekers, push factors, pull factors, brain drain, etc.Please note that this list of geography vocabulary words is not exhaustive but provides a broad overview of the most commonly used terms in the field. Remember to continuously expand your understanding of geographical concepts and their associated vocabulary through readings, research, and practical applications.。
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中文 正残积风化壳 碎屑型风化壳 硅铝粘土型风化壳 硅铝碳酸盐型风化壳 硅铝－氧化物－硫酸盐风化 壳 硅铝－铁质和富铝型风化壳 剥落 页状剥落 块状崩落 结壳作用 块状崩落 结壳作用 盐屑堆 盐屑锥
physical geography integrated physical geography general physical geography natural complex territorial natural complex physical geographic process natural potential productivity progressive factor relic factor three dimension zonality horizontal zone vertical zone zonality
中文 山间盆地 山峰 崖 山麓平原 高原 峡谷 谷 沟谷 冲沟 山形 山志 阶地 台地 洼地 坡地
英文 intermountain basin mountain peak cliff, scarp piedmont plain plateau gorge, canyon valley ravine gully mountain forms orography terrace tableland, platform depression slope
中文 非地带性 水平地带性 垂直地带性 地方性 坡向 阳坡 阴坡 山体效应 综合自然区划 雪带 亚雪带 高山 亚高山 山地
英文 azonality horizontal zonality vertical zonality locality exposure adret, sunny slope ubac, shady slope Massenerhebungseffekt(德） , integrated physicogeographical regionalization nival belt subnival belt alpine subalpine mountains
中文 内陆 地理单元 区划 带 地带 区域 地区 小区
英文 inland geographical unit regionalization belt zone region area district
02 自 然 地 理学
中文 英文
自然地理学 综合自然地理学 普通自然地理学 自然综合体 地域自然综合体 自然地理过程 自然生产潜力 进展因素 残留因素 三维地带性 水平地带 垂直地带 地带性
中文
英文
相关沉积 地壳均衡 新构造运动 构造地貌学
丹霞地貌 构造高原 构造阶地 单面山 方山 猪背脊 线形现象 断层崖 断层线崖 断层三角面
correlated sediments isostasy neotectonic movement structural geomorphology, tectonic geomorphology “Danxia” landform structural plateau structural terrace cuesta(西） mesa hogback ridge lineament fault scarp fault-line scarp triangular facet
中文 山 山脉 岭 峰 山麓 半岛 岛屿 群岛 海峡 地峡 海拔（高度） 相对高度 山嘴 盆地 山间盆地
英文 mountain mountain range, mountain chain range, ridge peak, mount piedmont peninsula island archipelago strait isthmus altitude, height above sea level relative height mountain spur basin intermountain basin
中文
英文
负地貌 正常地貌 倒置地貌 地貌倒置 刻蚀地貌 夷平作用 夷平面 准平面 剥蚀面 山麓[侵蚀]面 山麓侵蚀平面 山顶面 侵蚀循环 回春作用
negative landform normal landform inverted landform inversion of landform erosional landform planation surface peneplain denudation suface erosion surface pediment pediplain summit plane erosion cycle rejuvenation
中文 掏蚀 侵蚀基[准]面 总侵蚀基[准]面 局部侵蚀基[准]面 裂点 沉积作用 堆积作用 堆积物 加积作用 沉积相 地貌世代 地貌序列 地形基面 地貌组合 正地貌
英文 undercutting base level of erosion general base level local base level knick point sedimentation, deposition deposition, accumulation deposit aggradation sedimentary facies generation of landforms landforms series base level landform assemblage positive landform
中文 地球表层 地理系统 地理圈 景观圈 岩石圈 水圈 大气圈 土壤圈 生物圈 地圈 智能圈 技术圈 北半球 南半球 地球体
英文 epigeosphere geosystem geographical sphere landscape sphere lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere pedosphere biosphere geosphere noonsphere technosphere northern hemisphere southern hemisphere geoid
中文 地理因子 地理过程 地理分布 地理界线 地理综合 地理考察 综合考察 区域分析 区域分异 生存空间 生存承载能力 环境决定论 灾变论 地球 地球表面
英文 geographical factors geographical process geographical distribution geographical boundary geographical synthesis geographical survey integrated survey regional analysis regional differentiation living space life-carrying capacity environmental determinism catastrophe theory earth earth surface
01 地 理 学 总 论
中文 地理学 统一地理学 普通地理学 系统地理学 区域地理学 理论地理学 应用地理学 元地理学 地文学 地质学 古地理学 地理学体系 地理环境 英文 geography unified geography general geography systematic geography regional geography theoretical geography applied geography metageography physiography chorography paleogeogpraphy geographical system geographical environment
中文
英文
地理纬度 地理经度 北极 南极 极圈 北回归线 南回归线 赤道 时区 日界线 极昼 极夜 洲 大陆 洋
Hale Waihona Puke latitude longitude North Pole South Pole Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn equator time zone date line polar day polar night continent ocean sea
中文 荒漠 荒漠化 沙漠 岩漠 砾漠 泥漠 盐漠 戈壁 绿洲 景观学 景观 相 自然景观 土地
英文 desert desertification sandy desert rocky desert gravel desert argillaceous desert salt desert gobi oasis landscape science landscape facies natural landscape land
中文 坡度 基岩 地貌过程 侵蚀[作用] 雨滴侵蚀 剥蚀[作用] 刻蚀 溶蚀 冲刷 片蚀 溯源侵蚀 下切侵蚀 侧[向侵]
英文 slope, gradient bedrock geomorphological process erosion raindrop erosion denudation corrasion corrosion wash, erosion sheet erosion headward erosion downcutting, incision, vertical erosion lateral erosion
中文 土地系统 土地分类 土地类型 土地单元 土地要素 土地刻面 刻面联合体 土地属性 生态地理学 地生态学 景观生态学 生态系统 生态平衡 生态区域 生态小区
英文 land system land classification land type land unit land element land facet facet combination terrain characteristics ecogeography geoecology landscape ecology ecosystem ecological balance ecoregion ecodistict