科技英语翻译
1.What‘ 1.What‘s the scientific translation
Professional(专业性） 专业性） 专业性
Objective(客观性 客观性) 客观性
Precise(精确性 精确性) 精确性
2011-3-17
The Scientific Translation 2010年硕士论文答辩 2010年硕士论文答辩
2011-3-17
The Scientific Translation 2010年硕士论文答辩 2010年硕士论文答辩
1.What‘ 1.What‘s the scientific translation
Precise ： Scientific technology is the products of ideal though, which emphasizes preciseness and accuracy. As a result, scientific translation must be precision and accurate.
2011-3-17
The Scientific Translation 2010年硕士论文答辩 2010年硕士论文答辩
2.The features of scientific translation
3，非限定动词（ non-finite verb ） ，非限定动词（ nonScientific writing requires brief and compact and in order to achieve this, participial phrases are frequently used to substitute the attribute clause or adverbial clauses, infinitive clauses for subordinate clauses, and preposition combine with gerund phrases for shorten sentences.
1.What‘ 1.What‘s the scientific translation
Professional： ：
As an old proverb goes, Difference in profession makes one feel worlds apart. Scientific translation must follow profession characteristics accurately. Such as, element should be translated as “要素，成分” normally, 要素， 要素 成分” but it must be translated as “元素” in the field of 元素” 元素 chemistry, as “电极” in the field of electricity 电极” 电极 studies and as “元件” in the field of radio 元件” 元件 studies.
2011-3-17
The Scientific Translation 2010年硕士论文答辩 2010年硕士论文答辩
Content
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What is the scientific translation The features of scientific translation How to do the scientific translation Common errors
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The Scientific Translation 2010年硕士论文答辩 2010年硕士论文答辩
2.The features of scientific translavoice ） ，被动语态（
According to the statistics of John Swales，there ， are at least 1/3 passive voice in EST predicate, because scientific writing aim at narrating and inference, and emphasize objective accuracy. Example： ： Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.(应当注意机器的工作温度 应当注意机器的工作温度) 应当注意机器的工作温度 Rarely put it in this way : You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine.
The Scientific Translation 2010年硕士论文答辩 2010年硕士论文答辩
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1.What‘ 1.What‘s the scientific translation
Scientific translation emerges following the step of scientific English and is one branch of translation studies. As the fierce development of scientific technology and scientific communication, scientific translation has caused widely public attention. The so-called scientific translation is mainly about the translation of literature of science and technology. What making the independence of scientific translation is its special word processing skills, and it pursues the combinations of form and logic.
2011-3-17
The Scientific Translation 2010年硕士论文答辩 2010年硕士论文答辩
1.What‘ 1.What‘s the scientific translation
Objective ：
Another feature of scientific translation is to be objective. That means it would rather apply a few sentences than just a long and free one; the latter may destroy the coherence and also mistaken readers.
科技英语翻译
Clark Yang
March 19，2011 ，
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What is the scientific translation The features of scientific translation How to do the scientific translation Common errors
2011-3-17
The Scientific Translation 2010年硕士论文答辩 2010年硕士论文答辩
scientific translation scientific translation scientific translation scientific translation scientific translation scientific translation scientific translation scientific translation
The Scientific Translation 2010年硕士论文答辩 2010年硕士论文答辩
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2.The features of scientific translation
1，名词化结构（ Nominalization） ，名词化结构（ ）
Since scientific writings require brief words, objective expression, accurate content, huge amount of messages and emphasize facts, rather than action, nominalization is heavily used and it becomes a character of scientific writings. Examples： ： 1， 1， Archimedes first discovered the principle that water is displaced by solid bodies. 2，Archimedes first discovered the principle of ， displacement of water by solid bodies. in the second sentence, displacement of water by solid bodies is nominalization. On one side, it simplified appositive clause, on the other hand, it emphasis the fact of displacing.
2011-3-17
The Scientific Translation 2010年硕士论文答辩 2010年硕士论文答辩
大学英语四六级翻译--科技类词汇(精炼版)
四六级翻译——科技类词汇1.科技园science and technology park2.高新技术开发区high-tech industrial zones3.信息产业IT (Information Technology)4.电器设备electrical appliance5.电子设备electronic device6.电子商务e-commerce7.人工智能artificial intelligience8.先进技术advanced technology9.尖端技术state-of-the-art technology10.载人航天飞行manned space flight11.发射成功successful launch12.自然科学natural science13.新兴学科new branch of science14.科技成果research achievements15.科学发展观concept of scientific development16.科教兴国revitalize China through science and education17.可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development18.科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure19.专利，专利权patent20.生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture21.物种起源origin of species22.生物工程bio-technology23.基因工程genetic engineering24.转基因食品GM food (genetically modified food)25.技术产权technology property right26.科技含量technology content27.电脑病毒computer virus28.黑客hacker29.垃圾邮件junk mail30.数码科技digital technology31.虚拟社区virtual community32.网络空间cyber space 网络文化cyber culture33.网民netizen34.克隆cloning 激光laser35.纳米nanometer 粒子particle36.太阳能/ 核能/ 原子能solar/ nuclear/ atomic energy37.突飞猛进advance by leaps and bounds38.技术创新technological innovation39.中国科学院the Chinese Academy of Science40.科学技术是第一生产力Science and technology constitute the foremost productive forces.41.科技前沿the forefront of science and technology42.科技发明的传播和交流dissemination and exchanges of advanced scientific andtechnological inventions。
科技英语的翻译技巧
摘要：本文主要阐述了科技英语的翻译技巧以及应遵循的准则关键词：科技英语；被动语态；名词化结构我们科技工作者在工作中经常需要了解国际国内交通发展的状况，借鉴国内外先进的科学技术或进行学术交流，这样不可避免地要翻阅大量的外文书刊和杂志。
虽然我们在学习普通英语的基础上掌握了几千个单词的词汇量，但对科技英文书刊的查阅仍有较大的困难。
科技英语（English for science and Technology，通常略为EST ），它之所以能同普通英语分道扬镳，形成一门独立的学科，很重要的原因在于它有不同于普通英语的特点，笔者根据自己多年的翻译经验，认为我们要掌握其中的几种技巧。
一、首先要拥有一本好的科技词典学习普通英语几年以后，你大约掌握几千个单词的词汇量，这时你就会发现英语拥有极其丰富多彩的词汇，但在科技文章中，又会对大量的专业词汇和术语而头疼。
有些词晦涩难懂，大而长，看起来吓人，如posttention（后张拉力），prefabricate（预制），意义比较简单，只要查一下词典就行。
有些词在文章中起着举足轻重的作用。
光凭上下文含义猜测其中的含义是行不通的。
另外有许多词比如negotiate这比较常见的是“谈判”的意思，但是当它出现在“negotiate a bad turn”这个词组中，译成“谈判”就不合适，查查词典就知道是“顺利通过”的意思，所以翻译时选择在具体语言环境中最恰当。
一本好的科技词典可以成为你的良师益友，为此笔者推荐《英汉道路词典》《汉英科技大词典》两本较好的词典。
二、科技英语中大量使用被动语态被动语态在普通英语中是最基本的语法，简单易学。
科技英语中大量使用被动语态，不是为了追求文章语言的艺术美，而是为了讲求叙述文章的客观，语言简洁，结构严谨，和普通英语文章有着显著不同，加深读者对所叙述事物的深刻印象，摒弃不必要的东西。
例如：1. Most primary highways are built and cared for by state governments. 大部分主要的公路都是由联邦政府建造和管理。
科技英语翻译复习重点(1)
科技英语翻译复习重点（英译汉篇）一、词语意思翻译1.A fastener is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together.（直译法）紧固件是指将两个或多个物体通过机械方法固定在一起的硬件装置。
2.Machinery design is either to formulate an engineering plan for the satisfaction ofa specified need or to solve an engineering problem.（直译法）机械设计的目的是为满足特定需求而绘制工程图纸或解决工程问题。
3.In the1970s,integrated circuit technology and the subsequent creation of microprocessors futher decreased size and cost and further increased speed and reliability of computers.（增词法）20世纪70年代，集成电路技术的发展和后续的微处理器的发明进一步缩小了计算机的尺寸，降低了价格，同时加快了运行速度，提高了可靠性。
4.A power reactor has no need of oil,for the heat generated in the uranium pile is the result of nuclear fission,not of combustion.（增词法）原子动力反应堆不需要油，因为铀堆中所产生的热是核裂变的结果，而不是燃烧的结果。
5.The elementary mechanical components of a machine are termed machine elements.These elements consist of three basic types:structural components, mechanisms,and control components.（省略法）机器的基本机械构件称为机械零件，包括三种基本类型，即：结构构件、机械构件和控制构件。
科技英语翻译中译英常
1、直流电是一种总是沿着同一方向流动的电流。
A diret current is a current flowing always in the same direction.2、阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理．Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.3、地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜变化．The earth rotates on its own axis, which causes the change from day to night.4、极化产生的异常会远远大于地形引起的异常。
Anomalies due to polarization can be so much larger than those resulting from topography.5、娱乐用水标准的发展是一个棘手的问题。
Development of standards for recreational water is therefore a complicated issue.6、结构材料的选择应使其在外界条件中保持弹性。
Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so that they hehave elastically in the environmental conditions.7、柔性转子动平衡一直是现代工业中一项很实用的关键技术。
Flexible rotor balancing is a practical and key technique in modern industry.8、你可以采取手动的方法将此服务添加到本地连接里。
You can manually add the service to the local area connection.9、他们特别强调提高电子设备的质量。
科技英语翻译
科技英语翻译科技英语（English for Science and Technology，简称EST）是从事科学技术活动时所使用的英语，是英语的一种变体（科技文体）。
科技英语自70年代以来引起了人们的广泛关注和研究，目前已发展成为一种重要的英语语体。
本节所讨论的科技英语主要指描述、探讨自然科学各专业的著作、论文、实验报告，科技实用手段（包括仪器、仪表、机械、工具等）的结构描述和操作说明等。
一、科技英语的文体特点科技英语由于其内容、使用域和语篇功能的特殊性，也由于科技工作者长期以来的语言使用习惯，形成了自身的一些特点，使其在许多方面有别于日常英语、文学英语等语体。
这些特点主要表现在词汇和句法两个层面上：（一）词汇层面（1）专业术语多。
专业术语指某一学科领域所特有或专用的语汇，其词义常不为专业外读者所明白，如cryogenics （低温学）、norepinephrine （新肾上腺素）等。
这些专业术语的特点是：a. 词形较长，大多含有源于拉丁语、希腊语和法语的词根、词缀。
这类词语的语义范围较为狭窄，意义较为明确固定，符合科技英语准确明晰的要求。
如：nucleonics （核子学），semisomnus （半昏迷），autoradiography （自动射线照相术），excoriation （表皮脱落）等。
b. 多复合词。
人们常常通过各种构词方法创造出一些复合词来表示科技发展中出现的新事物，如radiophotography （无线电传真），anti-armored fighting vehicle missile（反装甲车导弹）等。
c. 多缩略词。
为使用便利和节省时间，科技英语同经贸英语一样，也有许多缩略词，如cpd （compound化合物），FM （frequency modulation 调频），telesat（telecommunications satellite通讯卫星）等。
（2）准专业术语和词汇多。
科技英语的特点及翻译
科技英语的特点与翻译一、科技英语的特点科技英语（English for science and technology，EST）指与用于科学和技术交流方面的英语口语和书面语。
作为一种重要的英语语体，其特点主要体现在以下几个方面。
1、词汇方面大量使用专业词汇、复合词、缩略词及利用前后缀构成的派生词。
专业词汇意义专一，用来表示明确的含义。
科技词汇多源于希腊语和拉丁语，是因为这两种语言作为英语的重要来源，是世界上成熟最早和最完备的语言中的两种，词汇不再发生词形、词义上的变化，具有稳定性。
2、句子方面多使用长句和被动语态，大量使用名词化结构（nominalization）和非限定动词。
另外，各种成份（如介词短语、形容词及其短语、副词、分词及从句等）作定语并后置，多使用It…that…结构句型、被动结构句型、as结构句型、分词短语结构句型和省略句结构句型等常用句型。
名词化结构有利于行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切，也可使所含信息量增大，尤其是科技英语强调存在的事实，而非个别行为。
不定式短语、-ing分词短语和-ed分词短语这三种非限定动词形式具有齐备的语法功能，可代替各种从句，这样既可缩短句子，行文简练，结构紧凑，又比较醒目。
3、形态方面科技英语在时态运用上有限，多用过去时和现在时。
尤其是多用一般现在时，以表述无时间性的科学定义、定理、公式、现象、过程等。
另外，科技英语多用逻辑性语法词（logical grammatical operators），如表示原因的如because (of)、due (owing) to、as (a result of)、caused by、for等，表示语气转折的如but、however、nevertheless、otherwise、yet等，表示逻辑顺序的如so、therefore、thus、furthermore、moreover、in addition to等。
4、文体方面科技英语注重行文的连贯（coherence）、清晰（clarity）、流畅（fluency），避免行文晦涩、表露个人感情、过多运用修辞手法等。
科技英语原文及简单翻译
How ASIMO WorksIntroduction to How ASIMO WorksWant a robot to cook your dinner, do your homework, clean your house, or get your groceries? Robots already do a lot of the jobs that we humans don't want to do, can't do, or simply can't do as well as our robotic counterparts.Honda engineers have been busy creating the ASIMO robot for more than 20 years. In this article, we'll find out what makes ASIMO the most advanced humanoid robot to date.The Honda Motor Company developed ASIMO, which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, and is the most advanced humanoid robot in the world. According to the ASIMO Web site, ASIMO is the first humanoid robot in the world that can walk independently and climb stairs.Rather than building a robot that would be another toy, Honda wanted to create a robot that would be a helper for people -- a robot to help around the house, help the elderly, or help someone confined to a wheelchair or bed. ASIMO is 4 feet 3 inches (1.3 meters) high, This allows ASIMO to do the jobs it was created to do without being too big and menacing.ASIMO's Motion: Walk Like a HumanHonda researchers began by studying the legs of insects, mammals, and the motion of a mountain climber with prosthetic legs to better understand the physiology and all of the things that take place when we walk -- particularly in the joints. For example, the fact that we shift our weight using our bodies and especially our arms in order to balance was very important in getting ASIMO's walking mechanism right. The fact that we have toes that help with our balance was also taken into consideration: ASIMO actually has soft projections on its feet that play a similar role to the one our toes play when we walk. This soft material also absorbs impact on the joints, just as our soft tissues do when we walk.ASIMO has hip, knee, and foot joints. Robots have joints that researchers refer to as "degrees of freedom." A single degree of freedom allows movement either right and left or up and down. ASIMO has 34 degrees of freedom spread over different points of its body in order to allow it to move freely. There are three degrees of freedom in ASIMO's neck, seven on each arm and six on each leg. The number of degrees offreedom necessary for ASIMO's legs was decided by measuring human joint movement while walking on flat ground, climbing stairs and running.ASIMO also has a speed sensor and a gyroscope sensor mounted on its body. They perform the tasks of:∙sensing the position of ASIMO's body and the speed at which it is moving ∙relaying adjustments for balance to the central computerThese sensors work similarly to our inner ears in the way they maintain balance and orientation.ASIMO also has floor surface sensors in its feet and six ultrasonic sensors in its midsection. These sensors enhance ASIMO's ability to interact with its environment by detecting objects around ASIMO and comparing gathered information with maps of the area stored in ASIMO's memory.To accomplish the job our muscles and skin do in sensing muscle power, pressure and joint angles, ASIMO has both joint-angle sensors and a six-axis force sensor.Unless you know a lot about robotics, you may not fully grasp the incredible milestone it is that ASIMO walks as we do. The most significant part of ASIMO's walk is the turning capabilities. Rather than having to stop and shuffle, stop and shuffle, and stop and shuffle into a new direction, ASIMO leans and smoothly turns just like a human. ASIMO can also self-adjust its steps in case it stumbles, is pushed, or otherwise encounters something that alters normal walking.In order to accomplish this, ASIMO's engineers had to find a way to work with the inertial forces created when walking. For example, the earth's gravity creates a force, as does the speed at which you walk. Those two forces are called the "total inertial force." There is also the force created when your foot connects with the ground, called the "ground reaction force." These forces have to balance out, and posture has to work to make it happen. This is called the "zero moment point" (ZMP).To control ASIMO's posture, engineers worked on three areas of control:∙Floor reaction control means that the soles of the feet absorb floor unevenness while still maintaining a firm stance.∙Target ZMP control means that when ASIMO can't stand firmly and its body begins to fall forward, it maintains position by moving its upper body in the direction opposite the impending fall. At the same time, it speeds up its walking to quickly counterbalance the fall.∙Foot-planting location control kicks in when the target ZMP control has been activated. It adjusts the length of the step to regain the right relationship between the position and speed of the body and the length of the step.ASIMO's Motion: Smooth MovesASIMO can sense falling movements and react to them quickly; but ASIMO's engineers wanted more. They wanted the robot to have a smooth gait as well as do something that other robots can't do -- turn without stopping.When we walk around corners, we shift our center of gravity into the turn. ASIMO uses a technology called "predictive movement control," also called Honda's Intelligent Real-Time Flexible Walking Technology or I-Walk, to accomplish that same thing. ASIMO predicts how much it should shift its center of gravity to the inside of the turn and how long that shift should be maintained. Because this technolgy works in real time, ASIMO can do this without stopping between steps, which other robots must do.Essentially, with every step ASIMO takes, it has to determine its inertia and then predict how its weight needs to be shifted for the next step in order to walk and turn smoothly. It adjusts any of the following factors in order to maintain the right position:∙the length of its steps∙its body position∙its speed∙the direction in which it is steppingWhile reproducing a human-like walk is an amazing achievement, ASIMO can now run at speeds up to 3.7 miles per hour (6 kilometers per hour). In order to qualify as a true running robot, ASIMO must have both feet off the ground for an instant in each step. ASIMO manages to be airborne for .08 seconds with each step while running.Honda engineers encountered an entirely new set of challenges while trying to give ASIMO the ability to run. They gave ASIMO’s torso a degree of freedom to aid in bending and twisting so that the robot could adjust its posture while airborne. Without this ability, ASIMO would lose control while airborne, possibly spinning in the air or tripping when landing.In order to make turns smoothly while running, the engineers enhanced ASIMO's ability to tilt its center of gravity inside turns to maintain balance and counteractcentrifugal force. ASIMO could even anticipate turns and begin to lean into them before starting the turn, much like you would if you were skiing or skating.ASIMO如何工作介绍如何工作。
科技英语翻译
第一章概论1．科技英语翻译的概念翻译包括口译和笔译.在笔译中，又可分为科技翻译、文学翻译、政论文翻译和应用文翻译等等.翻译就是“把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来".因而，翻译本身并不是一门独立的创造性科学,它既带有创造性，又带有科学性,它是用语言表达的一门艺术，是科学性的再创作。
随着国际学术交流的日益广泛，科技英语已经受到普遍的重视，掌握一些科技英语的翻译技巧是非常必要的。
科技英语(English for Science and Technology,简称EST）。
作为一种重要的英语文体，与非科技英语文体相比,具有词义多、长句多、被动句多、词性转换多、非谓语动词多、专业性强等特点，这些特点都是由科技文献的内容所决定的.因此，科技英语的翻译也有别于其他英语文体的翻译。
2. 科技英语翻译的标准及要求科技英语的语域特征有别于其它语篇体裁。
充分认识和把握好科技英语的语体特征,对于研究科技翻译的标准，从而真正实现翻译中的语际意义转换，达到功能对等具有重要意义.综合以上分析，科技英语翻译的标准及要求可定位于以下几方面。
(一)准确性科技英语由于语场，语旨而决定其翻译也有别于其它翻译形式。
对于一般翻译，译文必须忠实于原文内容。
科技英语翻译除要忠实反映原文内容外，还要确保其信息传递的准确性.科技译文一般不用或很少用"可能",”大概"等模棱两可的修饰语言.因此，准确性是科技英语翻译最重要的标准。
失去了"准确性”,科技翻译就失去了灵魂(许树椿:4MNE)。
要保证科技译文的准确性，译者必须精心研究原文，充分理解原文,然后用准确流畅的译入语表达。
（二）通顺完整性通顺既包括译文的表达,也包括译文的完整.表达是译者在理解原文的基础上,把所理解的东西用另一种语言阐述的过程.这一过程必须在确切理解原文的前提下进行，并且在尽量保持原文表达形式的同时，必须保证译文合乎译入语的规范,行文尽量通顺流畅,简单明了,让读者一看就懂。
科技英语
②并非所有被动语态句子都能起到突出新信息的作用。 基于以上观点，现代科技工作者提倡用主动语态撰写科 技文章。例如《Science》和《Nature》等国际著名刊物在征 稿要求中提出稿件应尽量采用主动语态写作。
翻译例句 本文介绍了热能制冷技术和燃料电池的工作原理及其特 点。针对燃料电池汽车余热浪费大的特点，提出了利用其余热 制冷为燃料电池汽车空调提供冷源的方法，并对其可行性进行 了研究。 译文1：In this paper, the work principles and features of fuel cell as well as refrigeration technique driven by heat energy are introduced. Considering the present fact that a large amount of heat of fuel cell automobile is wasted, the program that cold source is provided for automobile airconditioner with the refrigeration driven by the heat has been proposed and the feasibility of it has been studied. 第一句使用被动语态，该句主语由17个单词构成，而谓语 只有2个单词，造成头重脚轻的结构。第二句为了使用被动语 态，出现了“悬垂分词”，不合英语语法。
It was unsatisfactory for industry to depend on supplies coming from so far away from the industrial areas of Europe. It was always possible that wars or shopping trouble could stop supplies.
15.科技英语翻译
转化法 (conversion)
不通过任何词形上变化，直接转化为另一个词。在转 化过程中，词性有所改变而词义则与转化前的原义仍 保留有若干联系。 radio用无线电通讯(由名词词义“无线电”转化 而来) x-ray用x光检查(由名词词义“X光”转化而来) e-mail发电子邮件(由名词词义“电子邮件”转化 而来) clone使无性繁殖；复制(由名词词义“无性繁殖， 克隆”转化而来) format为„编排格式(由名词词义“格式”转化而 来)
情态动词can和may
这两个情态动词可用来表示客观可能性，而其他则多突出主 观性。
(1)You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease ． 与艾滋病患者一起工作或上学不会传染上艾滋病。 (2)Anyone with a personal computer ，a modem and the necessary software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on． 任何人只要有一台个人电脑, 再有一个调制解调器和必要的软件， 就可以把电脑连接到电话线上，然后就能申请上网。 (3)The best way to improve urban air may be to curb the use of cars，even though modem car are far cleaner than earlier ones． 改善城市空气质量最好的办法可能还是控制汽车的使用，尽管现代 汽车比以前的汽车污染要小得多。 (4)There are many methods by which gastric resection may be accomplished． 胃切除可以用许多方法。