法律英语__第九课_合同法
2020/1/1
法律英语
14
Contract
Document The set of papers in which such
Lesson Nine
Contract Law
2020/1/1
法律英语
1
The web of the law
May not be quite seamless 法律之网可能并非结实无缝 They are not ironclad and unchanging 法律并非打不破和不可改变。
The agreement creates a legal relationship of rights and duties.
If the agreement is broken, then the law provides certain remedies.
2020/1/1
法律英语
3
Three Factors
2020/1/1
法律英语
2
Contract Definition
A contract is basically an agreement between two or more people which creates an obligation to do, or not do, something.
performance) he uses principles
developed in equity.
2020/1/1
法律英语
12
“ordinary” common law relief of damages
普通法规定的赔偿金救济
“extraordinary” equity remedy of specific performance 衡平法规定的特定履行救济
例如，对购买不动产提供特殊履行的救济， 因为普通法的赔偿被认为不充分，由于不 动产具有特殊性，普通法的赔偿无法补偿 买方。
2020/1/1
法律英语
11
假如房屋的卖方于成交后出尔反尔了，那么 买方按普通法原则之规定得提出损害赔偿之 诉。但买方如要求强制卖方出售（即要求履 行），则买方则援引的是衡平法上的原则了。
There are three factors necessary to create a contract:
1) an offer, 2) acceptance, and 3) consideration. One party makes an offer, the second party
relief in the form of specific performance 特殊履行的救济方式
the injunction 禁令（临时或最终的采取或不采取某种行
为的命令）
the development of so called maxims of equity law
形成所谓的衡平法座右铭
2020/1/1
法律英语
13
TEXT
Contract —— an agreement between two or more persons.
Not merely a shared belief 不仅仅是共有的想法 A common understanding as to something 而且是对某些未来将要进行的事项有共同
Suppose that a vendor of house backs
out on the deal. The vendee may sue
for damages under common-law
principles, but if he wants a court to
force the seller to sell (specific
7
美国合同法
由法律保证执行 强制执行的限度
法律补救方法
2020/1/1
Expectation damages 预期赔偿金
Agreed upon remedies 补救协议
Equitable relief 衡平救济
法律英语
8
Special characteristics of equity law：
2020/1/1
法律英语
9
However, equitable relief regularly will lie only when the common law relief is inadequate.
不过，只有当普通法救济不充分时，才 适用衡平救济。
2020/1/1
法律英语
10
For instance, specific performance for the purchase of real property will be granted because common law damages are deemed to be inadequate since they cannot compensate the buyer in view of the uniqueness attributed to real property.
patents, copyrights,etc)
202niform Commercial Code Consumer Protection Statutes Labor Law Insurance Law
2020/1/1
涉及合同问题
法律英语
must accept the offer and there must be consideration exchanged. Consideration has to be something of value.
2020/1/1
法律英语
4
Example of Contracts
Employment contracts Service Contracts Building Construction Insurance Contracts Contract involving real property Sale of Intangibles(stocks, bonds,
法律英语课件-CONTRACT LAW (2017)合同法74页PPT
41、实际上，我们想要的不是针对犯 罪的法 律，而 是针对 疯狂的 法律。 ——马 克·吐温 42、法律的力量应当跟随着公民，就 像影子 跟随着 身体一 样。— —贝卡 利亚 43、法律和制度必须跟上人类思想进 步。— —杰弗 逊 44、人类受制于法律，法律受制于情 理。— —托·富 勒
45、法律的制定是为了保证每一个人 自由发 挥自己 的才能 ，而不 是为了 束缚他 的才能 。—— 罗伯斯 庇尔
46、我们若已接受最坏的，就再没有什么损失。——卡耐基 47、书到用时方恨少、事非经过不知难。——陆游 48、书籍把我们引入最美好的社会，使我们认识各个时代的伟大智者。——史美尔斯 49、熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。——孙洙 50、谁和我一样用功，谁就会和我一样成功。——莫扎特
法律英语第九课 Contract Law[精]
![法律英语第九课 Contract Law[精]](https://360docs-1393072327.cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com/7279efcd04a1b0717fd5ddcc.webp)
1) an offer, 2) acceptance, and 3) consideration. One party makes an offer, the second party
Intangible 无形的
2019/11/8
法律英语
13
bulldozer
Ring
The Empire
State Building
2019/11/8
Gone with the 法律英语 wind14Rights
Use
国家保护该“所有人”使用、享受乃 至耗费该物的权利，将所有其他人排 除在这种权利之外。
Lesson Nine
Contract Law
2019/11/8
法律英语
1
Contract Definition
A contract is basically an agreement between two or more people which creates an obligation to do, or not do, something.
Consume
Enjoy
Exclusion
2019/11/8
法律英语
15
Real property
不动产
Land
buildings
动产——personal property
2019/11/8
法律英语
16
/
real property:
all land, structures, firmly attached and integrated equipment, anything growing on the land, and all "interests" in the property.
何家弘 法律英语 第九章 合同法
何家弘法律英语第九章合同法全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Chapter Nine of He Jiahong's book "Legal English" discusses contract law. In this chapter, the author examines the principles of contract law in both common law and civil law jurisdictions, as well as the key elements of a contract, including offer, acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations, and capacity.One of the main topics covered in this chapter is the different types of contracts, including bilateral contracts, unilateral contracts, and contracts under seal. In addition, the author explores the concept of implied contracts and the distinction between formal and informal contracts.He Jiahong also discusses the formation of contracts, including the importance of offer and acceptance in creating a legally binding agreement. The author explains how an offer can be terminated, revoked, or rejected, and the requirements for acceptance to be valid.Another important aspect of contract law that is examined in this chapter is the doctrine of consideration. He Jiahong explains the significance of consideration in contract formation and the rules regarding adequacy of consideration and past consideration.Furthermore, the author delves into the principles of intention to create legal relations and capacity in contract law. He explains how parties must have the intention to be legally bound by the terms of a contract for it to be enforceable, and the rules regarding minors, intoxicated persons, and mentally incapacitated individuals entering into contracts.Overall, Chapter Nine of "Legal English" by He Jiahong provides a comprehensive overview of contract law principles and key concepts. By examining the various aspects of contract formation, the author offers a thorough understanding of the legal framework that governs contractual relationships in both common law and civil law systems.篇2Title: Chapter Nine of He Jiahong's "Legal English: Contract Law"Chapter Nine of He Jiahong's "Legal English: Contract Law" delves into the intricate details of contract law and provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts and principles governing contractual relationships. This chapter examines the formation, interpretation, and enforcement of contracts, as well as the rights and obligations of the parties involved.One of the central themes of this chapter is the concept of offer and acceptance, which is essential for the formation of a valid contract. According to He Jiahong, an offer is a proposal by one party to enter into a contract on certain terms, while acceptance is the unconditional agreement to the terms of the offer. The chapter outlines the requirements for a valid offer and acceptance, including communication of the offer and acceptance, intention to create legal relations, and certainty of terms.Moreover, He Jiahong discusses the importance of consideration in contract law, which refers to the exchange of something of value between the parties. He explains that consideration is necessary to make a contract legally binding and distinguishes it from a mere promise or gift. The chapter explores different types of consideration, such as goods, services,or money, and highlights the role of consideration in preventing gratuitous promises.Furthermore, this chapter addresses the issue of contractual interpretation, emphasizing the importance of interpreting contracts objectively and in accordance with the parties' intentions. He Jiahong explains that the courts will consider the language of the contract, the surrounding circumstances, and the parties' conduct to determine the meaning of the agreement. He also discusses the various rules of contractual interpretation, such as the contra proferentem rule and the parole evidence rule.In addition, He Jiahong examines the remedies available for breach of contract, including damages, specific performance, and injunctions. He explains that damages are the most common remedy for breach of contract and can be awarded to compensate the non-breaching party for any losses suffered as a result of the breach. The chapter also explores the principles governing the assessment of damages, such as remoteness, mitigation, and causation.Overall, Chapter Nine of He Jiahong's "Legal English: Contract Law" provides a comprehensive overview of the key principles and concepts of contract law. It offers valuable insightsinto the formation, interpretation, and enforcement of contracts, as well as the rights and obligations of the parties involved. This chapter serves as an essential resource for students, practitioners, and scholars seeking to deepen their understanding of contract law in a legal English context.篇3Chapter 9 Contract LawContract law is a fundamental part of the legal system in most countries around the world. The principles of contract law govern the relationships between parties entering into agreements, and are essential for regulating commerce and promoting fairness in business dealings. In this chapter, we will examine the key concepts and principles of contract law as outlined by legal scholar He Jiahong in his book on legal English.One of the fundamental principles of contract law is the concept of offer and acceptance. An offer is a promise by one party to do something in exchange for something from the other party, and acceptance is the agreement to the terms of the offer. For a contract to be legally binding, there must be a valid offer and acceptance between the parties involved. This principle iscrucial in determining whether a contract exists and what the terms of the contract are.Another important concept in contract law is consideration. Consideration is the exchange of something of value between the parties, such as money, goods, or services. In order for a contract to be enforceable, there must be consideration from both parties. This principle ensures that both parties are giving something of value in exchange for the promises made in the contract.The principle of intention to create legal relations is also essential in contract law. This principle states that the parties must have intended for their agreement to be legally binding. In commercial agreements, this intention is usually assumed. However, in other types of agreements, such as family agreements, the intention to create legal relations may not be present, and therefore the agreement may not be legally binding.One of the key components of contract law is the concept of capacity. Capacity refers to the legal ability of a party to enter into a contract. Minors, people of unsound mind, and those under the influence of drugs or alcohol may lack capacity toenter into a contract. In these cases, the contract may be voidable by the party lacking capacity.Contracts can also be classified into different types, such as bilateral and unilateral contracts. Bilateral contracts involve a promise from each party to the other, while unilateral contracts involve a promise from one party in exchange for an act from the other party. Understanding the different types of contracts is essential for interpreting and enforcing contract law.In conclusion, contract law is a complex and important area of legal study. Understanding the key concepts and principles of contract law is essential for anyone entering into business agreements or other contractual relationships. By following the guidelines outlined in this chapter, parties can ensure that their agreements are legally binding and enforceable.。
《合同法》英文版
总则GENERAL PRINCIPLES第一章一般规定Chapter One: General Provisions第一条为了保护合同当事人的合法权益，维护社会经济秩序，促进社会主义现代化建设，制定本法。
Article 1 PurposeThis Law is formulated in order to protect the lawful rights and interests of contract parties, to safeguard social and economic order, and to promote socialist modernization.第二条本法所称合同是平等主体的自然人、法人、其他组织之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。
婚姻、收养、监护等有关身份关系的协议，适用其他法律的规定。
Article 2 Definition of Contract; ExclusionsFor purposes of this Law, a contract is an agreement between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations with equal standing, for the purpose of establishing, altering, or discharging a relationship of civil rights and obligations.An agreement concerning any personal relationship such as marriage, adoption, guardianship, etc. shall be governed by other applicable laws.第三条合同当事人的法律地位平等，一方不得将自己的意志强加给另一方。
何家弘法律英语课件 第九课
various types of performance.
合同法是保护预期的法律机制，该预期 产生于就未来交易各类履行而制定的契
约。
转让财产
提供服务
2019/10/16
支付货币
法律Байду номын сангаас语
29
Legal problems do not always fit neatly into the pigeonholes that legal theorists have created.
must accept the offer and there must be consideration exchanged. Consideration has to be something of value.
2019/10/16
法律英语
3
Example of Contracts
Employment contracts Service Contracts Building Construction Insurance Contracts Contract involving real property Sale of Intangibles(stocks, bonds,
Tort law considers what remedy should be made to the individuals so injured
2019/10/16
法律英语
22
Criminal law tort law
Treason 判国罪 Tax evasion 偷税罪
overlap
Slander 诽谤
交换的契约是将一些资源组合起来，使 之得到有效利用的手段。
法律英语第九课 Contract Law
3.in fashioning appropriate remedies for their breach
在形成对其违约的适当补救时的作用
2020/12/11
法律英语
12
Property
A great of thing are susceptible “ownership” Tangible 有形的
2020/12/11
法律英语
23
Ownership of property
Include the right to use and consume the thing owned
所有权包括对属于自己的物品使用和耗费的权利
be more to the advantage of the owner to transfer the right of the ownership to some other person in exchange for something else of value
即使是那些对财产私有权的许可没有达 到我们这种程序的社会，也会承认个人 的人身权利不受某种行为的侵犯。
2020/12/11
法律英语
20
certain kinds of conduct
Infliction of physical injury
Other interferences with freedom or dignity
personal property (personalty) :
movable assets (things, including animals) which are not real property, money or investments.
法律英语 PPT 教案课件 - Week 9 - Contract Law 1
What other remedies may be available for breach of contract?
consequential damages [损害后果赔偿金] liquidated damages [规定的违约偿金] nominal damages [象征性的损害赔偿] punitive damages [惩罚性的损失赔偿]
Welcome to ‘Legal English!’
法律英语 Tuesday, 8:00 – 9:35 a.m. Room 2-303
Welcome to ‘Legal English!’
法律英语 Wednesday, 2:30 – 4:05 p.m. Room 2-406
Welcome to ‘Legal English!’
In American contract law, what is the most common remedy for breach of contract? (p. 96, lower middle)
当合同一方或双方违约时，美国 的合同法倾向于赔偿金形式的补 救方法。 In the event of a unilateral or bilateral breach of contract, American law tends to award damages as a remedy.
合同法的主要渊源是普通法或 判例法。 The main source of contract law is common law or law based on precedent.
Does contract law differ significantly from state to state? Why or why not? (p. 96, upper middle)
法律英语Lesson9-Contract-law
Words
create create legal relations create rights and obligations
remedy vt.& n.补偿；补救；补救办法；救济权 remedies remedies for breach of contract remedies for nonpayment remedy of attachment of property during the progress of an action
Words
conclude a contract enter into a contract
property n. 财产；产业；地产 immovable properroperty property in common property of nobody property ownership property under mortgage
LESSON NINE
CONTRACT LAW
Background
★ 合同法是美国私法体系的核心和基石．
★ 美国合同法由判例法和制定法组成，并以判例法 为主要渊源．
★ 美国法学会从各州的大量合同法判例中归纳总结 合同法的基本原理和规则，写成＜Restatement of Contracts＞,经常被法官们援引，作为判案的指 导．
Words
violate vt. 违反；违背；侵犯；玷污；强奸 violate law and discipline violate the constitution
法律英语合同法
Lesson5 合同法11122295 张梦瑶合同法的重要性合同法是美国法律体系的核心。
而且它也是我们整个社会的基础。
这并不是一种夸张的说法。
这只是一个简单的观察——只是我们经常观察不到。
我们的社会依赖于市场在各个层面上的自由交易。
这正好将合同法变成了一种可能。
在市场上发生的交换活动通常都要建立在个人或“法人”间自愿的立场上。
如果没有合同法，这类自愿的协议永远不可能生效。
合同法旨在使这些协议具有“可强制执行性”。
这也是说它通常允许合同的一方当事人在证实另一方违约后，可以从违约方处获取损害赔偿金。
如果没有合同法，这些自愿订立的协议将立刻变得不切实际而且没有办法被执行。
既然这些协议是我们社会和经济的核心，所以我们可以不夸张地说，合同法是我们整个社会的基础。
更准确地说，正是我们的合同法制度支持才使得更多订立私人协议变成可能。
由于这些协议，我们社会各个阶层才可以完成交易交换商品和服务的交易。
由于交易必须受到合同法的制约，所以合同法可以被称为市场文明的基准。
合同的定义合同就是指一份自愿交换有价物而订立的私人协定。
它通常是一种有价格承诺的交易。
比如，一个买房者会承诺付给卖房者250,000美元来使卖方将无负担产权转让给他。
美国《合同法重述（第二版）》的第一条规定，将合同定义为“一个承诺或一系列承诺，如果违反了这个承诺，那么法律就会来救你；如果其履行了承诺，那么法律以某种方式将其视为一项义务。
”使合同具有法律约束力的要求经过发展，普通法规定了六条使合同具有法律约束力的基本准则。
它们是：a）协定：一方向另一方提出约定并且另一方接受了它。
b）对价：一方提供物品作为交换来换取另一方的物品。
c）意向：双方都准备遵守这个合同。
d）行为能力：双方的当前的智力情况和精神状况都能清楚明白这个合同。
e）真实意愿：双方对合同内容达成一致都是在自愿的情况下。
f）合法性：在这个合同里的每一部分都是合法的。
不同种类的合同在这里，我们给合同提出一个更加专业的定义：合同是一份双方自愿订立的私人协议。
2024年法律英语学习《合同法》系列
法律英语学习《合同法》系列合同编号：__________第一章：合同的定义与成立1.1合同的定义合同是指当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事权利和民事义务关系的协议。
合同应当遵循平等自愿、诚实信用原则。
1.2合同的成立当事人就合同内容达成一致意见，合同即成立。
合同成立的时间、地点对合同的履行和解释具有重要意义。
1.3合同的形式合同可以采用书面形式、口头形式和其他形式。
法律、行政法规规定采用特定形式的，从其规定。
1.4合同的效力依法成立的合同，对当事人具有法律约束力。
当事人应当履行合同约定的义务，不得擅自变更或者解除合同。
2.1合同的履行当事人应当按照约定履行合同义务。
履行合同义务应当符合约定的质量、数量、期限、地点和方式。
2.2合同的担保当事人可以约定担保。
担保包括保证、抵押、质押、留置和定金等形式。
担保的具体内容由当事人约定。
2.3合同的变更和转让当事人协商一致，可以变更合同。
法律、行政法规规定变更合同应当办理批准、登记等手续的，从其规定。
当事人可以转让合同权利和义务，但应当通知对方，并经受让人同意。
2.4合同的终止合同履行；抵消；提存；免除；混同。
当事人可以约定合同终止的条件，但不得违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定。
3.1违约行为当事人违反合同义务，应当承担违约责任。
违约行为包括不履行、不适当履行和迟延履行。
3.2违约责任的承担当事人承担违约责任，可以采取继续履行、采取补救措施或者赔偿损失等方式。
当事人可以约定违约金，但不得超过合同标的额的百分之三十。
3.3不可抗力因不可抗力不能履行合同的，根据不可抗力的影响，部分或者全部免除责任。
但法律另有规定的除外。
3.4违约责任的免除当事人一方因不可抗力不能履行合同的，应当及时通知对方，并在合理期限内提供证明。
对方在收到通知后，可以根据情况部分或者全部免除责任。
第四章：合同的解释与争议解决4.1合同的解释合同解释应当遵循诚实信用原则，结合合同的性质、目的和交易习惯。