上海市2020学年高二英语下学期期中试题牛津上海版
上海市七宝中学2020学年第二学期高二英语期中试卷第一卷（共69分）Listening Comprehension (17)Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.1. A. Receptionist and guest. B. Hairdresser and customer.C. Doctor and patient.D. Boss and staff.2. A. On Thursday morning. B. On Monday night.C. On Friday morning.D. On Thursday night.3. A. In a library. B. In a classroom.C. In a furniture store.D. In a computer shop.4. A. The time of the lecture. B. The boredom of the lecture.C. The length of the lecture.D. The problem of the clock.5. A. Go to the movie alone. B. Check the Reader.C. See a movie with the woman.D. Find a nice movie.6. A. The cost of fixing the window.B. The difficulty of cleaning up the broken glass.C. The possible harm to the people involved.D. The type of punishment he will give Tommy.7. A. The clerk doesn’t like to be bothered.B. The machine was just repaired.C. The man couldn’t make any more copies.D. The woman can teach the man to use the machine.8. A. The man will buy some envelopes for the woman.B. The man will take the woman to town.C. The woman will have to go and buy some envelopes herself.D. The woman has written several letters today.9. A. Because she doesn’t feel tired.B. Because the seat is occupied.C. Because she feels tired.D. Because she feels terrible when sitting on the bus.10. A. He is surprised that Dan did not fail.B. He is working especially hard on physics.C. He wonders how Dan’s history course went.D. He wants to pass the management course.Section BDirections:Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The change of the weekend. B. Attitudes towards leisure activities.C. Shifting job opportunities.D. Attitudes towards employment.12. A. How many weeks there are in a month. B. Which day begins the week.C. Which days people should work.D. How the week is divided into days.13. A. It would make the workday longer.B. It would allow people to work on weekend.C. It would create much more free time.D. It would make leisure activities expensive.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear one longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you arerequired to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.考生注意: 语法题涂卡从25题开始II. Grammar and Vocabulary （16）25. A new study shows anger may help people reduce the negative impacts ______ stress and help you become healthier.A. inB. ofC. onD. at26. Mrs. Richardson couldn’t find her ring for ages, but after a few days it______ in her hand bag.A. turned outB. turned overC. turned toD. turned up27. The newspaper's owner and editor ___ away on holiday.A. isB. areC. beD. have been28. After the doctors’discussion about the mistakes they were making, new life-saving systems were designed to prevent those errors from ______.A. repeatingB. repeatedC. being repeatedD. to be repeated29. We all need knowledge from the past — ______ it comes from personal experience or from studying history. It is our only guide to the future.A. asB. whetherC. howD. when30. The man _______ from serious heart trouble needs a surgery badly.A. sufferedB. sufferingC. who sufferingD. who was suffered31. He said that the study was the first he had seen ____ massage in such depth.A. to analyzeB. analyzingC. analyzeD. analyzed32. The cause he had devoted himself to _______ a perfect success.A. provingB. provedC. was provedD. has been proved33. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A. whereB. whenC. whoD. which34. As for space exploration, we should take the fact into consideration____ many countries can not afford the expenses.A. whatB. whichC. /D. that35. The pressure _______ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A. to competeB. to be competedC. competingD. having competed36. ______along either bank of the Huangpu River, trees and flowers added beauty to the newly-decorated bund.A. PlantingB. PlantedC. To plantD. To be planted37. Unfortunately, when I got there she ______, so we only had time for a few words.A. just leftB. has just leftC. was just leavingD. had just left38. We are not conscious of the length _____ work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.A. thatB. in whichC. to whichD. as39. The footballer scored a winning goal from ________ seemed like an impossible angle.A. thatB. whichC. itD. what40.. ________ a hole in one of the walls. Otherwise, we couldn’t have seen what was going on inside the room.A. There happened to beB. It happened to beC. There happened to haveD. It happened to haveSection B: Vocabulary(9%)Directions: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. (9%)THINK spiders are boring? Think again. These little animals can produce some of the strongest material in the world, scientists say.Spider thread is four times stronger than __41____, according to . Their thread can be used to join together skin or tissue after an operation, or as fiber in machines. But scientists have long wondered what makes spider thread so strong.Now the secret has been ___42_____, thanks to Professor Horst Kessler’s research team at the Technical University of Munich and Professor Thomas Scheibel’s team at the University of Bayreuth, Germany.They discovered that spider thread contains long chains of protein molecules (分子). These are built up of thousands of amino acids (氨基酸). In some parts of the thread,protein chains ___43____ together, making the thread fiber stable. In other parts, proteins are separated, which helps keep them ___44____ as well as strong.Spiders keep these proteins in good condition before they turn them into thread. Before the proteins go into the spinning __45____, they are kept in the spider’s salt gland (腺体). This stops them becoming clumped (结块) together. Once they move into the spinning passage, however, the proteins will quickly __46_____ parallel structures. This keeps the thread structure stable.__47_____, even the best ___48____ synthetic fibers cannot match the strength of spider thread. These new findings may provide chemists with a __49_____ for creating new and improved materials.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15)ClozeMuch time and effort has been devoted to researching the mental health benefits of flexible work environments, but can the ability to leave work early to watch your son’s soccer game, or arrive at the office a bit later in the morning in order to 50 some personal matters, have broader physical health benefits 51 making you feel a bit less tired? According to new research published in the Cochrane Library's Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, it seems so. In a review of 10 previous studies examining the health effects of flexible work conditions for more than 16,000 people, 52 from the U.K.'s Durham University and University of Newcastle, as well as the University of Montreal, found that flexible work schedules —when employees can 53 their starting times, for example —were associated with improvements in a person’s overallhealth. And, perhaps unsurprisingly, in all of the studies included in the review, researchers found no evidence for 54 effects of more flexible work schedules.This initial analysis was intended to throw light on the potential health benefits of flexible work options, which are increasingly 55 throughout Scandinavia, and have recently gained some ground in the U.K.56 , last April, the British government 57 a policy that allowed parents of children ages six and under to request flexible work arrangementsto include parents of children ages 16 and younger. In the U.S., the phenomenon is a bit slower to catch on. Yet, the economic slowdown of recent years may have contributed to 58 in workplace flexibility — as companies 59 to reward employees with bonuses(奖金) or raises may 60 other forms of compensation(补偿), Reuters reported early last year. Previous research too, of course, has indicated the benefits of flexible work environments toward positive mental health outcomes. And while these latest findings are promising, the researchers stress that more study is vital to understanding the detailed 61 between flexible work and improved health outcomes. To truly 62 the benefits of flexible working conditions, the researchers say, additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wide 63 of workers —from high-ranking executives to hourly employees —is 64 , which helps to gain a deeper understanding of the issue, and to shape future workplace policy.50. A. see to B. keep to C. point to D. look to51. A. across B. besides C. before D. over52. A. officials B. employers C. executives D. researchers53. A. spend B. devote C. shift D. cancel54. A. changeable B. positive C. considerable D. negative55. A. popular B. interesting C. adaptable D. multiple56. A. In particular B. As a result C. For example D. In return57. A. extended B. adopted C. made D. implemented58. A. decrease B. beginning C. freedom D. growth59. A. willing B. unable C. determined D. ready60. A. turn to B. set aside C. help out D. get across61. A. difference B. relationship C. progress D. movement62. A. grasp B. follow C. fight D. apply63. A. variety B. change C. range D. gap64. A. critical B. possible C. feasible D. demanding Section B: Reading: 16%ATWO deer jumped out in front of 16-year-old Amanda Floyd’s car. She stepped on the brakes . and stopped just in time.But then she started texting. Distracted , Amanda turned left and right, then crashed into another car.Luckily she wasn’t in a real car. She was in a driving simulator at Roosevelt High School, Ohio, US.“I never really realized you swerve that much,” Amanda, a junior, said. She added that she doesn’t text while driving any more. The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) and State Highway Patrol brought the simulator to the school. They said they wanted to help students learn about the dangers of driving drunk, while texting, or while talking on the phone.Last year, state authorities reported 39 fatalities (死亡案例), 454 serious injuries and 12,410 crashes caused by distracted driving. Experts said that real numbers are probably higher.The simulator is basically a computer game. Like many computer games, it wasa hit with the students. They lined up and crowded around to watch each other take turns. The simulator has a steering wheel , brake and gas pedals . It is made up of three large computer screens on a table.Students choose a distraction, for example driving drunk or driving while texting. They always crash, of course. Then they are pulled over by police, and learn the bad results of their driving: how much damage they’ve caused, what their fine is, if anyone died in the accident, and if they’re going to go to prison.“It teaches how to drive without being on the road,” said Shante Thompson, 16. She had just crashed into a deer.ODOT spokesman Justin Chesnic said hundreds of kids have gone behind the wheel so far. He said even more have benefited from watching their classmates. “Driving is such a major responsibility, so take it seriously,” he said. “Put away your cell phone. Don’t put your makeup on. Don’t be eating or playing with the radio.“A lot of the accidents out there are because of distracted driving. It cannot on ly change your life, but it can change someone else’s life forever. The results are serious.”MCT65. The purpose of the first three paragraphs is to ______.A. show the damage Amanda Floyd caused by texting while drivingB. warn drivers to watch out for deer on the roadC. introduce the driving simulator at Roosevelt High SchoolD. teach people not to swerve too much while driving66. The driving simulator project at Roosevelt High School is meant to ______.A. teach students how to driveB. help students understand the dangers of distracted drivingC. let students have fun between classesD. test the students’ ability to stay focused67. Which of the following statements about the driving simulator is TRUE according to the article?A. It is connected to the local police station.B. It looks like a real car but has large computer screens.C. Students who use it benefit more than those who only watch.D. It lets students find out in detail the consequences of their “accidents”.68. We can conclude from the article that ______.A. students at some schools performed better with the simulator than kids at other schoolsB. the simulator has served its purpose wellC. driving with the radio on proved to be quite safeD. more courses should take the form of computer gamesB69. Ghostwritten work in “CONTEST RULES” might be ________.A. written by someone other than the authorB. science fiction difficult to understandC. a long essay in a very strange writing styleD. full of citations from other writers70. To enter the writing contest, one ________.A. has to pay a feeB. must submit work by January 1, 2020C. needs an eye-catching title for his word documentD. can submit any form or style of writing but a poem71. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. The final results will come out on December 31, 2020.B. All entries must be emailed to contest2020@.C. One can not add a note to a 1,500-word essay for the contest.D. the winning entries will be edited and published.(C)A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts（冷暖空气团接触的锋）to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts, droughts, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms. Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weatherpredictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations (气象站). Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification（改变）studies. But the limitations of modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super-cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional orographic (山岳形态的) precipitation on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.72. By reading weather maps, students majoring in geography can .A. design a project of weather modificationB. interpret the weather condition before the time of observationC. obtain data on atmospheric conditions over a wide areaD. survey ever-changing fronts in local meteorological stations73. A thirty-day forecast is determined by examining .A. daily weather mapsB. upper air levelsC. satellite reportsD. changing fronts74. The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because ______.A. electronic instruments are usedB. it enables man to alter the weatherC. it makes weather prediction more time-consumingD. information not obtained readily otherwise can be gained75. At the present time, experiments are being conducted in .A. controlling and influencing weatherB. determining density of pressure groupsC. 30-day “outlooks”D. predicting stormsSection CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.Tips for dealing with depression76.Getting the support you need plays a big role in lifting the fog of depression and keeping it away. On your own, it can be difficult to maintain perspective and sustain the effort required to beat depression. But the very nature of depression makes it difficult to reach out for help. However, isolation and loneliness make depression even worse, so maintaining your close relationships and social activities are important.77.Depression puts a negative spin on everything, including the way you see yourself, the situations you encounter, and your expectations for the future. But you can’t break out of this pessimistic mind frame by “just thinking positive.” Happy thoughts or wishful thinking won’t cut it. Rather, the trick is to replace negative thoughts with more balanced thoughts.78.In order to overcome depression, you have to take care of yourself. This includes following a healthy lifestyle, learning to manage stress, setting limits on what you’re able to do, adopting healthy habits, and scheduling fun activities into your day.79.When you’re depressed, exercisin g may be the last thing you feel like doing. But exercise is a powerful tool for dealing with depression. In fact, studies show that regular exercise can be as effective as antidepressant medication at increasing energy levels and decreasing feelings of fatigue. Scientists haven’t figured out exactly why exercise is such a potent antidepressant, but evidence suggests that physical activity triggers new cell growth in the brain, increases mood-enhancing neurotransmitters and endorphins, reduces stress, and relieves muscle tension — all things that can have a positive effect on depression.80.If you find your depression getting worse and worse, seek professional help. Needing more help doesn’t mean you’re weak. Sometimes the negative thinking in depression c an make you feel like you’re a lost cause, but depression can be treated and you can feel better!I. Translation(15)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 人们总把爱尔兰与绿色联系在一起。
上海市2020-2021年高二下学期期中英语试题
上海市2020-2021年⾼⼆下学期期中英语试题Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Movie review: The Wandering earthIn the near future, the sun is dying, leaving the freezing planet on the edge of destruction. 21 is left of humanity is huddled in underground cities created with an eye-catching combination of steam-punk (蒸汽朋克), brutalist (野兽派的), and futurist influences by the production designer. The United Earth? Government, 22 is never seen and represented only by a French voice, has decided the only solution is to propel the planet to another galaxy 4.2 light years away. 23 depends on 10,000 giant rocket thrusters being kept alight for the 2,500-year journey. Liu Peiqiang, a widowed astronaut played with appropriate solemnity by “Wolf W arrior” series superstar Wu Jing, is sent to a space station and tasked with navigating Earth’s path through the solar system, leaving behind young so Liu Qi and father-in-law Han Zi’ang. Seventeen years later, Liu’s still in orbit, while Liu Qi (Qu Chuxiao) has become an angry young man and self-proclaimed genius who blames his mother’s early death 24 his absent father. On the very day when his dad is due to finish stint and return home, Liu Qi and adopted teenage sister Duoduo sneak away to see the frozen surface for the first time. As they 25 (take) in the spectacular sights of ice-covered Beijing, a major rocket thruster malfunction sends Earth into the sights of ice-covered Beijing, a major rocket thruster malfunction sends Earth into the gravitational pull of Jupiter. 26 a miracle occurs in the next 37 hours, it will be Goodbye Earth.……‘The Wandering Earth’ Chinese commercial cinema reaches a significant landmark with its first-ever sci-fi megahit. Director Frant Gwo’s adaptation of the 2000 novella by Liu Cixin is no genre classic, but its furious pace, spectacular visuals, and fanciful plot deliver decent escapist entertainment. After accumulating an astronomical $640 million- plus domestically-plus a tidy $5 million on limited North American screens-since Feb. 5, this display of capability from China’s commercial film sector was snapped up by Netflix for future release on the streaming giant’s platform. A hyperactive mixture of doomsday films ranging from ‘50s classic.“When Worlds Collide” to Micheal Bays bombastic “Armageddon”and, 27 (notably), Ishiro Honda’s 1962 Japanese space opera “Gorath”, “The Wandering Earth” is perhaps most striking for its lack of nationalism and propaganda (宣传). Soft diplomacy, at most, is the order of the day. Politicians, bureaucrats (官僚), and army commanders are nowhere 28 (see). There’s barely a Chinese flag in sight, nor any chest- beating about Chinese ingenuity and leadership. Instead, a Chinese flag in sight, nor any chest-beating about Chinese ingenuity and leadership. Instead, what is presented is a traditional tale of nations and people 29 (pull) together to save the planet, with heavy does of guilt, sacrifice, and redemption from the human characters. With global conflict and division so prevalent today, it’s no wonder than these messages of hope and unity 30 strike an emotional chord in many viewers, create positive word-of-mouth, and make the film much more accessible for international audiences.Ⅲ. VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.(A)Tablets are really useful devices, but their big screens always make them a burden to carry around without a bag. Wouldn’t it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit 31 into the hand?Now something like a tablet-shaped but fold-able phone is about to become 32 . In February, South Korean electronics company Samsung and China’s Huawei both unveiled fold-able phones Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X 33 . Mobile phone use has entered the “fold-able future”, The Verge noted.The technology could change our lives in significant ways. These devices, due to their 34 screens, give us the larger screens we want. Meanwhile, they still fit easily into the pocket. As USA Today noted, they’re “the 35 of a small tablets and smart-phone, all in a single device”.The technology could 36 other devices too. For example, we could make TVs that stick to walls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers. In crowded modem cities, they will help us to 37 available space.In a keynote address, Samsung’s senior vice president of mobile product marketing, Justin Denison, called the fold-able screen “the 38 for the smart-phone of tomorrow.”“It’s a bala nk canvas for us to do something beautiful together,” he said.So is there nothing to stand in the way of the fold-able future?According to tech news website Android authority, the necessary displays were difficult to produce. In 2012, nine out of every to OLED screens produced were 39 . Today, that 10 percent rate has been improved to between 50 and 90 percent. However, at present these fold-able devices are expensive. For example, the price ofHuawei Mate X is 17,500 RMB. That’s a price that may 40 the majority of people.But if the fold-able device isn’t going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming.Patrick Moor-head, an industry analyst told The Verge, “Few are debating if fold-able or roll-able mobile displays are the future of smart-phones; the only question is when and by whom.”(B)Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 41 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.In fact, planes 42 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the grou nd.When a 43 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 44 , everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 45 process.Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 46 .That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 47 , these planes are “de-iced”- but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “t heir turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 48 . In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 49 , whichmakes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 50 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.Ⅳ. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Working on holidays has always presented something of a class divide. From the 1870s through the 1920s, middle-and-upper-class Americans often lived with “the help”—mostly women of color whose job was to cook and clean and care for others, day and night. While shows like Dowton Abbey seek to give 51 to servants, they also sanitize (粉饰) what was a cruel, back-breaking exi stence. It was common for a housemaid’s day to begin well before the family rose and extend until after they 52 for the evening. They did so seven days a week: working more than 80 hours a week - more than the 65 hours most factory workers worked at the time. While we often imagine that these women were young and single, Evelyn Nakano Gleen’s research on such care providers has shown that over 30% of them were married many with children. As they worked very hard for families not 53 , they left their children, parents, siblings and husbands behind. Thanksgiving or Christmas was no doubt one of the hardest times of the year, and their own families felt their 54 .The labor movement was 55 to changing this sorry state of affairs. Unions raised wages, lowered hours, instituted worker protections, guaranteed a minimum wage and 56 holidays off for workers. Those who did have to work on national holidays were guaranteed overtime pay. When unions were strong, such benefits even 57 to non-unionized workers.。
【精编精校卷】2020-2021学年上海交通大学附属中学度下学期高二期中英语试题(解析版)
上海交通大学附属中学2020-2021学年度下学期高二期中英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more Qian you need.My application essay to BrownCovid-19 is a very destructive respiratory disease that has caused much pain and suffering for millions of people around the world. Although my heart grieves for all the lives lost, each of us has suffered in our own unique ways. For me, that suffering took the 1．of not getting an opportunity to play the lead in our spring drama, which was, so 2．, cancelled.As a sophomore，my efforts to 3．the role of the wrongly accused Desdemona in William Shakespeare’s important play “Othello” were thwarted. Our drama coach, Ms. Wilkie, told me during the audition process that sophomores would be considered for 4．roles, but the parts of Othello, Iago, and Desdemona all went to upperclassmen, even though none of them had taken private 5．classes, as I have, with Leonard Michaels at the Willows Dramatic Academy for Young Performers.This experience taught me that authority figures do not always have “the answers”, a lesson 6．when Dr. Anthony Fauci, who is a very 7．medical adviser to many Presidents of the United States of America, said at first that masks should not be worn but then said that they should.Should I have the great 8．of studying at the Department of Theatre Arts and Performance Studies at Brown University, I vow to 9．the suffering of this past year into my art as a(n) 10．to all those, including myself who have experienced such tremendous loss.It is believed that the immortal bard, William Shakespeare, said, “Instead of weeping when a tragedy occurs in a songbird its life, it sings away its grief” My time at Brown will bemy chance to “sing away grief,’’ except that, unlike the tragedies of Shakespeare and other playwrights, my tragedy is real and therefore more tragic.二、完形填空Making predictions hinders the brain’s ability to remember the present moment, new research suggests. The hippocampus, a brain structure usually 11 with remembering events, also uses experiences to make forecasts (neuroscientists call this‘‘statistical learning”). 12 scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated that the latter function can disrupt the former.Researchers showed participants a series of photographs on a screen without telling them that some image categories always 13 others: mountains always came immediately after beaches, for example. The subjects were intended to 14 learn these associations and begin to expect these pairings. Later, the participants were shown the same photos again, mixed in with new examples, and were asked if they had 15 any of them before. They accurately recalled seeing 16 images at a much better rate than the “predictive” ones (like the beach pictures).The scientists repeated this process while scanning participants’ brains with functional MRI. Each image category prompted a distinct neural activity pattern, and the 17 for “predictable” categories were seen in the hippocampus when the corresponding predictive category was displayed. 18 , this effect’s strength in fMRI corresponded inversely with participants, memory task scores. “The more evidence for prediction we saw, the19 their memory was for those predictive items such as a particular beach scene, ” says study lead author and Yale University cognitive neuro scientist Brynn Sherman. This suggests that predictive images triggered the hippocampus to shift gears toward 20 一and away from encoding a new memory.The study is among the first to demonstrate how making predictions 21 human memory. Scientists previously suspected that the hippocampus had a role in statistical learning but had not known how it 22 with memory formation. “This paper is a really nice demonstration of the 23 where the hippocampus is doing both these things,” says University of Virginia cognitive neuroscientist Nicole Long, who was not involved in the research.The team says this trade-off occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of the same 24 pathways. In the paper, the authors compare it with “using one’s right foot to operate both the brake and gas pedals in a car . . . but not both at the same time.” This setup could prevent memory redundancies and thus 25 brainpower.Sherman says: a successful prediction would contain the same information as an actual outcome.The brain circuitry that makes all this possible still requires further research, Long says. For instance, she wonders how much repetition is needed before the hippocampus shifts from recording to predicting and whether it is possible to train the structure to improve both modes in tandem.11．A．concerned B．interfered C．involved D．associated 12．A．Therefore B．But C．Moreover D．While 13．A．resembled B．followed C．paralleled D．mirrored 14．A．consequently B．voluntarily C．subconsciously D．gradually 15．A．sought B．spotted C．enlightened D．witnessed 16．A．random B．previous C．supernatural D．magical 17．A．memories B．messages C．images D．patterns 18．A．Meanwhile B．Likewise C．Moreover D．Still 19．A．better B．more C．worse D．shorter 20．A．forgetfulness B．prevention C．prediction D．intention 21．A．relates B．enhances C．strengthens D．affects 22．A．interacts B．deals C．originates D．experiments 23．A．compromise B．relationship C．approach D．performance 24．A．systematical B．biological C．intellectual D．emotional 25．A．observe B．preserve C．reserve D．conserveThe past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘Palaeolithic Man’, ‘Neolithic Man’, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the 26 ‘Legless Man’. 27 of the time will go something like this: in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts andescalators in all large buildings to 28 people walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were spoiled by the 29 of large car parks.The future history books might also record that we were 30 of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world - or less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a 31 image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, 32 , are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly 33 in the words of the old song: ‘I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.’ The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ‘I’ve been there.’ You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is 34 to say ‘I’ve been there-meaning, ‘I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else.’When you travel at high speeds，the present means 35 : you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is 36 , is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you 37 all experience; the present ceases to be a reality. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and38 are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical 39 . He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just 40 of all true travelers.26．A．title B．nickname C．term D．label 27．A．Folks B．Inscriptions C．Histories D．Documents 28．A．facilitate B．relieve C．prevent D．motivate 29．A．area B．presence C．comfort D．alternative 30．A．assured B．deprived C．convinced D．denied 31．A．unique B．picturesque C．passing D．blurred32．A．in particular B．for instance C．on the other hand D．as a result 33．A．acted as B．summed up C．reflected on D．set up 34．A．ready B．reluctant C．bound D．thrilled 35．A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing 36．A．achieved B．administrated C．processed D．declared 37．A．expand B．suspend C．adventure D．depict 38．A．exercising B．relaxing C．arriving D．judging 39．A．initiation B．currency C．relief D．weariness 40．A．reward B．award C．demand D．evaluation三、阅读选择Which is safer-staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working in the office? Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact, the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this that makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947), Flixborough( 1974), Seveso (1976), Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984).Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small. No one died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was Bhopal, where up to 3,000 were killed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives, just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate (硝酸氨), which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders were incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in anovercrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction of exploding storage tanks. Yet, by a miracle, the two Largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire, then 3,000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.41．Which of the following statements is true?A．Working at the office is safer than staying at home.B．Travelling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.C．Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.D．Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.42．Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as newsbecause________.A．they are very rareB．they often cause loss of lifeC．they always occur in big citiesD．they arouse the interest of all the readers43．From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of________.A．natural gas, which can easily catch fireB．fertilizer, which can’t be stored in a great quantityC．poisonous substance, which can’t be used in overcrowded areasD．fuel, which is stored in large tanks44．From the discussion among some experts we may conclude that ________. A．natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safeB．to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industryC．all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measures had been takenD．the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemical industryIf scientists could create a pill that let you live twice as long while remaining free of diseases, would you take it?If one considers only the personal benefits that longer life would bring, the answer might seem like a no-brainer: People could spend more time with loved ones; watch future generations grow up; learn new languages or try different careers.But what about society as a whole? Would it be better off if life span were doubled? The question is of growing importance, and serious debate about it goes back a few years to the Kronos Conference on Longevity Health Sciences in Arizona. Gregory Stock, director of the Program on Medicine, Technology, and Society at UCLA5s School of Public Health, answered the question with a firm “Yes”. A doubled lifespan, Stock said, would “give us a chance to recover from our mistakes, lead us towards longer-term thinking and delay the start of expensive diseases of aging. It would also raise productivity through adding to our prime years.”Callahan, a co-founder of the Hastings Center in New York, didn’t share Stocks enthusiasm. For one thing, he said, doubling life spans won’t solve any of our current social problems. ‘‘We have war, poverty, all sorts of issues around, and I don’t think any of them would be at all helped if people lived longer, Callahan said in a telephone interview, “The question is, ‘What will we get as a society?’ I suspect it won’t be a better society?”Others point out that a doubling of the human lifespan will affect society at every level. Ideas about marriage and work will change in fundamental ways, they say, as will attitudes toward the young and the old.45．In Paragraph 2, “a no-brainer” most probably refers to ________.A．something coming to mind naturally B．someone unwilling to think C．something difficult to bear in mind D．someone having a low IQ 46．According to Stock, a doubled lifespan would result in people __________. A．thinking less frequently B．having fewer diseases of aging C．making more mistakes D．working productively longer 47．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．Aging: Burden or Treasure B．Base of Society: the Old or the Young C．Longer Lives: For or Again D．A Doubled Lifespan: Possible or NotIt was a ruling that had consumers seething with anger and many a free trader crying foul. On November 20th the European Court of Justice decided that Tesco, a British supermarket chain, should not be allowed to import jeans made by America’s Levi Strauss from outside the European Union and sell them at cut-rate prices without getting permission first from the jeans maker. Ironically, the ruling is based on an EU trademark directive that was designed to protect local, not American, manufacturers from price dumping. The idea isthat any brand-owning firm should be allowed to position its goods and segment its markets as it sees fit: Levi’s jeans, just like Gucci handbags, must be allowed to be expensive.Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands-which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice. Consumer groups and Tesco say that Levi’s case is specious. The supermarket argues that it was just arbitraging the price differential between Levi’s jeans sold in America and Europe-a service performed a million times a day in financial markets, and one that has led to real benefits for consumers. Tesco has been selling some 15,000 pairs of Levi’s jeans a week, for about half the price they command in specialist stores approved by Levi Strauss. Christine Cross, Tesco’s head of global non-food sourcing, says the ruling risks “creating a Fortress Europe with a vengeance”.The debate will rage on, and has implications well beyond casual clothes (Levi Strauss was joined in its lawsuit by Zino Davidoff, a perfume maker). The question at its heart is not whether brands need to control how they are sold to protect their image, but whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this. Gucci, an Italian clothes label whose image was being destroyed by loose licensing and over-exposure in discount stores, saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third-party suppliers, controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere.Brand experts argue that Levi Strauss, which has been losing market share to hipper rivals such as Diesel, is no longer strong enough to command premium prices. Left to market forces, so-so brands such as Levi’s might well lade away and be replaced by fresher labels. With the courts protecting its prices, Levi Strauss may hang on for longer. But no court can help to make it a great brand again.48．Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 1?A．Consumers and free traders were very angry.B．Only the Levi’s maker can decide the prices of the jeans.C．The ruling has protected Levi’s from price dumping.D．Levi’s jeans should be sold at a high price.49．The underlined word “specious” (paragraph 2) in the context probably means________.A．responsible for oneself B．having too many doubtsC．not as it seems to be D．raising misunderstanding 50．Gucci’s success shows that ________.A．Gucci has successfully saved its own image.B．It has changed its fate with its own effort.C．Opening its own stores is the key to success.D．It should be the court’s duty to save its image.51．According to the passage, the doomed fate of Levi’s is caused by such factors except that ________.A．Hie rivals are competitiveB．it fails to command premium pricesC．market forces have their own rulesD．the court fails to give some help52．The author’s attitude towards Levi’s prospect seems to be _________.A．biased B．indifferentC．puzzling D．objective四、六选四Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Television shows on interior design are bringing down the houseA wife and daughter arrive home to their living room transformed: Daddy is sitting in a soundproof room, playing his guitar. He offers his shocked wife a drink at his new bar, and delightedly shows off his table-football skills. He is the star of a recent episode of “Macho House’’, a new television show that creates dream spaces for South Korean men.53．. But it taps into a growing desire among South Koreans to rearrange their private living spaces. At first sight that is surprising for a nation that spends more hours at office desks than any other among rich countries. Yet in a recent poll by a local market researcher, over half said they had spent more time at home in the past year due to ‘‘growing social anxieties’’.Jipbang — “house broadcasts” that often weave tips on design makeovers with advicefor unhappy inhabitants — promote a new approach to domestic well-being. “Let Me Beautify Your Home” is a spin-off of “Let Me In”, a controversial series that offered radical plastic surgery as a cure for misery. 54．. It suggests, for example, new divisions to create privacy or to force all family members to pass through a shared living space in order to get to their bedrooms. In ‘‘Old House, New House”, two teams of experts compete to rebuild a celebrity’s house, recreated in a studio.Disorder is a big theme. Designers pride themselves on ideas for storing things, such as under sofas. They regularly suggest ways of creating what for some is their first experience of a room dedicated just to accommodating a Western-style bed. 55．. A bedroom might, once a sleeping mattress is rolled up, turn into a tea-room by day. Oddly, given the state of the economy, sales at a home-furnishings store, rose by nearly a third last year compared with 2014. 56．. These involve the sharing of photos of restored flats: in South Korea people “bangstagram” after the word for ‘‘room”.A．In urban apartments, rooms are commonly multifunctional.B．More homeowners may feel readier to spend more time hanging out with friends in their own appealing lounges.C．The programme is more of a show than one on thoughtful redesign.D．DIY shoppers collect tips from internet forums and online “housewarmings” on social-media sites such as Instagram.E.Among an economic decline, city-dwelling South Koreans are seeking comfort in their narrow flats.F.The new show tailors interior designs to a family’s problems: an uncommunicative teen, or a retired father who lacks authority.五、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Suez Canal, 57．it currently exists, is a 193-kilometer artificial waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea at Port Said to the Red Sea at Port Tewfik.This waterway connects the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in a way that doesn’t require a ship heading between Europe and Asia 58．go around Africa or wait for the ice to melt inthe Arctic.The canal also, unlike the Panama Canal, has no locks at all, making it 59．(easy) for some of the world’s ships to slip right through and for the canal 60．(expand ), should the Egyptian government prioritize such a project.As tough as it may have been to build a canal 61．this scale, the Suez Canal was far from the first of its kind of area. In fact a canal of this sort was first attempted by Egypt in the 19th century BC, under the rule of Middle Kingdom pharaoh Senusret II. A canal was reportedly later opened by the time of the Islamic Caliphates but it was reportedly closed in the 8th century AD．That combined with the Red Sea gradually receding away from what are now the Bitter Lakes 62．(cause) the canal to fade into disuse.In the following decades, a railway was set up between Alexandria and Suez but this wasn’t good enough for global trade, so guess what they thought of? That’s right, 63．canal!Construction broke ground in 1859 and took ten years 64．a grand total of over 1. 5 million workers throughout the decade.The area, seeing virtually immediate success, 65．(declare) in the Constantinople Convention to be an international zone under British protection. This 66．play a pivotal part in the World Wars, and also contribute to conflict between Britain and Egypt in the Suez Crisis.六、根据所给汉语提示填空67．The time will come ________________ (旧制度被粉碎、被摧毁).（根据汉语提示完成句子）68．Don’t hurt over and over again ________________那些能容忍你最糟糕的一面的人). （根据汉语提示完成句子）69．________________ (不久他就被对手赶上before), which caused great anxiety for him. （根据汉语提示完成句子）70．Perhaps there are creatures ________________ (在太阳系中生活在被人类发现的恐惧中). （根据汉语提示完成句子）71．A survey is being carried out on ________________ (你是否愿意吐露你内心最深处的感受和想法innermost). （根据汉语提示完成句子）72．________________ (尽管我们心中燃起的希望遭遇了可怕的现实rise ), none of ushad the slightest intention of abandoning them. （根据汉语提示完成句子）73．It is a wonder that ________________ (他在经历几次重大挫折后仍在医学工程上取得了有意义的突破). （根据汉语提示完成句子）74．________________ (这些与祖辈生活在一起的留守儿童的数量leave) currently estimated at 60 million nationwide. （根据汉语提示完成句子）75．The CCTV Spring Festival Gala, which this year more than 600 million people in China________________(通过电视观看，是春节庆祝活动不可或缺的一部分). （根据汉语提示完成句子）七、完成句子76．________________ (随着考试的临近，焦虑在所难免approach) and enough sleep and a healthy diet can effectively relieve your anxiety. （根据汉语提示完成句子）八、汉译英（整句）77．他人的成功可能会给你施加压力，但是实实在在地分析自己，你就能制定出一个切合实际的奋斗目标。
上海牛津版高二英语期中测试题
上海牛津版高二英语期中测试题高二英语期中测试题Grammar and Vocabulary1*16 ()Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. I really had a wonderful time, _____I didn't know anybody at the dance party.A. whenB. unlessC. in caseD. even though2. You'd better keep the important documents of the company_____other people can'treach them.A. in whichB. whereC. whichD. what3. This is the fact _____all of them thought to be true except you.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. of which4. The _____look on her face suggested that she _____to answer my questions.A. embarrassing…didn't wantB. embarrassing…shouldn't wantC. embarrassed ... didn't wantD. embarrassed ... shouldn't want5.At least 5 ,000 victims were reported _____in the earthquake last week.A. killedB. to have killedC. to have been killedD. having been killed6. _____Shenzhou VI successfully, so the scientists in the control centre felt relaxed.A. Having launchedB. LaunchingC. They launchedD. After they launched7. _____able to answer the easy question made the teacher extremely angry.A. John's being notB. John not beingC. John was notD. John's not being8. Most artists take their shapes and colors from nature, and their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth_____.A. looked atB. looking atC. being looked atD. to be looked at9. By the time he _____here, we will have finished discussing the environmental problem,A. arrivesB. is arrivingC. arrivedD. is arriving10. Oh, there must be something wrong. The taxi_____10 minutes ago.A. should arriveB. must arriveC. ought to have arrivedD. must have arrived11. He _____the scientific studying method to _____the fast changing College EntranceExamination.A. adapted ... adopt himself toB. adopted ... adapt himself toC. adapted ... adopt himself forD. adopted ... adapt himself for12. Mother Teresa, a great angel ,_____the Nobel Prize _____Peace in Sweden in 1979.A. was awarded with... forB. was rewarded with... forC. awarded... ofD. was awarded... for13. Of all the changes introduced by man into nature, nuclear reaction is undoubtedlyA. more dangerousB. most dangerousC. the more dangerousD. the most dangerous14. The physics problems our teacher assigned us to do yesterday were _____more difficult1than we had expected.A. ratherB. fairlyC. manyD. too15. The car accident occurred at 4 a. m. The police _____arrived and rescued the driver.A. previouslyB. meanwhileC. subsequentlyD. simultaneously16. Failure can make a(n)_____contribution to your life once you learn to use it.A. activeB. initialC. positiveD. definite17. Plain living and hard working are the fine ______of us Chinese people.A. qualitiesB. quantitiesC. customsD. habits18. Some workmen lead a _____life, doing exactly the same things day after day.A. fascinatingB. dangerousC. normalD. monotonous19. At school teachers often tell us that the more we practice in the society, _____.A. our experience will be the richerB. our experience will bericherC. the richer our experience will beD. the richer will our experience be20. Although the man isn't good-looking, his inner characteristics are _____by everyone.A. inspiredB. illustratedC. appreciatedD. congratulatedSectionB1*9()Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.. Reading comprehension 1*15?()Section ADirections; For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Don't Take the Fun Out of Youth SportsWhen I joined a private football league a few years ago, the sport meant everything to me. My coach said that I had lots of potential(), and I became captain of my 1 That was before 潜力all the fun was taken out of 2 .2At first, everyone on the team got 3 playing time. Then the team moved up to the top division after winning all its games, and the 4 started. Some parents, who had paid the coach extra so their daughters could have 5 one-on-one training, got angry when she didn't give them more playing time in our matches. The coach was replaced.The new coach, however, took all the fun out of the game All we did during practice was to 6 :. I always wished to God that it would rain so we would not have the training. Of course, all teamsrun drills; they are 7 . But we ran so much that, afterwards, we had trouble 8 . Younger peopleshouldn't be doing exercises intended for 18-year-olds. I was very thin 9 I started football, butas a member of this team I wouldn't eat much, because I was afraid of being too 10 to run. 1feared making mistakes, and the added pressure caused me to make more than my usual 11 .Is all this pressure necessary? I 12 leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, and two of them stopped playing football completely. That's 13 , because they had so muchpotential. They were just burned-out with all the pressure they felt from the coach or their parents.I continued playing football at school and 14 my love for it. I joined a private team coached by my school coach. When I started playing for him, he told me I needed to relax because I lookednervous. After I 15 down, I played better. When you enjoy something, it's a lot easier to do it well.1.A.classB.clubC.teamD.board2.A.playingB.livingC.learningD.working3.A.greatB.equalC.rightD.extra4.A.businessB.struggleC.attemptD.pressure5.A.freeB.privateC.goodD.basic6.A.jumpB.playC.runD.shoot7.A.necessaryB.boringC.scientificD.practical8.A.speakingB.movingC.sleepingD.breathing9.A.tillB.sinceC.beforeD.becausezyD.big11.A.sizeB.shareC.spaceD.state12.A.gave upB.kept upC.ended upD.made up13.A.sadB.shamefulC.sillyD.serious14.A.reconsideredB.rediscoveredC.regainedD.replaced15.A.fellB.steppedC.slowedD.calmed3Directions: Read the following passages. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 2*20()(A)We experience different forms of the Sun’s energy every day. We can see its light and feel its warmth. The Sun is the major source of energy for our planet. It causes the evaporation() of 蒸发water from the oceans and lakes. Sunlight also provides the energy used by green plants to make their own food. These green plants then provide food for all organisms() on the Earth.生物Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches theEarth’s surface. It is either reflected or absor bed by the gases in the upper atmosphere. Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere, 30%is reflected by clouds or the Earth’s surface. The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet, causes water to evaporate, and provides energy for the water cycle and weather. Only a tiny part, approximately 0.023%, is actually used by green plants to produce food.Many gases found in the atmosphere actually reflect heat energy escaping from the Earth’s surface back to the Earth. These gases act like the glass of a greenhouse in that they allow energy from the Sun to enter but prevent energy from leaving. They are therefore called greenhouse gases.When sunlight strikes an object, some of the energy is absorbed and some is reflected. The amount reflected depends on the surface. For example, you’ve probably noticed how bright snow is when sunlight falls on it. Snow reflects most of the energy from the Sun, so it contributesto the low temperatures of winter. Dark-colored surfaces, such as dark soil or forest, absorb more energy and help warm the surrounding air.1. According to the passage, the root cause for weather changes on the Earth is ______.A. the atmosphere surrounding the EarthB. water from oceans and lakesC. energy from the SunD. greenhouse gases in the sky2. Only a small part of the Sun’s energy reaches the Earth’s surface because most of it is ______.A. absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphereB. reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphereC. lost in the upper and lower atmosphereD. used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes3. We learn from the passage that ______.A. all living things on the Earth depend on the Sun for their foodB. a forest looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar energyC. only 0.023% of the energy from the Sun is made use of on the EarthD. greenhouse gases allow heat energy to escape from the Earth’s surface4BGallery Policiesfor Visitors to National Gallery of Art, WashingtonVisitors must present all carried items for For the safety of the artworks and other visitor. inspection upon entry. After inspection, all Nothing may be carried on a visitor’s back, Soft bags, backpacks, umbrellas, parcels, and front baby carriers are allowed, but children may other things as determined by security not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier officers must be left at the checkrooms. Free worn on the back. Pushchairs are available free of charge, close to each entrance. All of charge near each checkroom.oversized bags. Backpacks, and luggage must Smoking is prohibited. Food and drink are not be left at the checkrooms near the 4th Street permitted outside the food service areas. entrance of either the East or West Building. Unopened bottled water may be carried only in a These items will have to be x-rayed beforebeing accepted. Items of value, such as visitor’s bag. Cell phones may not be used in the laptop computers, cameras, and fur coats, galleries.may not be left in the checkrooms but may be Animals, other than service animals, are not carried into the galleries.permitted in the Gallery.We regret that we do not have enough space Skateboarding is prohibited.for visitor items larger than 17×26 inchesPicture-taking(including video) for personal use into the Gallery or its checkrooms.is permitted except in special exhibitions and Additional security procedures and checkswhere specifically prohibited. Tripods() 三脚架may be taken according to the decision of theare not allowed.Gallery.Please do not touch the works of art.4. When people come to visit the Gallery, they should ______.A. leave all their carried items at the checkroomsB. have all their carried items x-rayed at the entranceC. take all their carried items with them without inspectionD. have all their carried items inspected at the entrance5. What does the Gallery feel sorry for?A. Visitors have to keep their valuable items in the checkrooms.B. The size of visitor items allowed into the Gallery is limited.C. It cannot keep oversized visitor items due to limited space.D. Visitor items over 17×26 inches must go through additional checks.6. Parents with small children visiting the Gallery ______.A. can carry their children in soft front child carriers.B. can carry their children on their shouldersC. can carry their children in child carriers worn on the backD. ought to pay if they want to use pushchairs for their children7. Visiting photographers should make sure that ______.A. pictures and videos are allowed for personal use anywhere in the GalleryB. pictures and videos can be taken in some places for personal useC. picture-taking and videoing are totally forbidden in the GalleryD. tripods are allowed except in some special exhibitionsC5It had been some time since Jack had seen the old man. College, career, and life itself got in the way. In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of his dreams. There, in the rush of his busy life, Jack had little time to think about the past and often no time to spend with his wife and son. He was working on his future, and nothing could stop him.Over the phone, his mother told him, “Mr. Belser died last night. The funeral is Wednesday.” Memories flashed through his mind like an old newsreel as he sat quietly remembering his childhood days.“Jack, did you her me?”“Oh, sorry, Mom. Yes, I heard you. It’s been so long since I thought of him. I’m sorry, but I honestly thought he died years ago,” Jack said.“Well, he didn’t forget you. Every time I saw him he’d ask howyou were doing. He’d reminisce() about the many days y ou spent over‘his side of the fence’ as he put it,” Mom 回忆told him.“I told that old house he lived in,” Jack said.“You know, Jack, after your father died, Mr. Belser stepped in to make sure you had a man’s influence in your life,” she said.“He’s the one who taught me carpentry. I wouldn’t be in this business if it weren’t for him. He spent a lot of time teaching me things he thought were important… Mom, I’ll be there for the funeral,” Jack said.Busy as he was, he kept his word. Jack caught the next flight to his hometown. Mr. Belser’s funeral was small and uneventful. He had no children of his own, and most of his relatives had passed away.The night before the had to return home, Jack and his Mom stopped by to see the old house next door one more time, which was exactly as he remembered. Every step held memories. Every picture, every piece of furniture… Jack stopped suddenly.“What’s wrong, Jack?” his Mom asked.“The box is gone,” he said.“What box?” Mom asked.“There was a small gold box that he kept locked on top of his desk.I must have asked him a thousand times what was inside. All he’d ever tell me was ‘the thing I value most’,” Jack said.It was gone. Everything about the house was exactly how Jack remembered it, except for the box, He figured someone from the Belser family had taken it.“Now, I’ll never know what was so valuable to him,” Jack said sadly.Returning to his office the next day, he found a package on his desk. The return address caught his attention.“Mr. Harold Belser” it read.Jack tore open the package. There inside was the gold box and an envelope. Jack’s hands shook as he read the note inside.“Upon my death, please forward this box and its contents to Jack Bennett. It’s the thing I valued most in my life.” A small key was taped to the letter. His heart racing, and tears filling his eyes, Jack carefully unlocked the box. There inside he found a beautiful goldpocket watch. Running his fingers slowly over the fine cover, he opened it.Inside he found these words carved: “Jack, Tha nks for your time! Harold Belser.”“Oh, My God! This is the thing he valued most…”6Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointmentsfor the next two days. “Why?” his assistant asked.I need some time to spend with my son,” he said.“8. Why did Jack think Mr. Belser died years ago?A. College and career prevented him from remembering Mr. Bleser.B. Jack was too busy with his business and family to think about Mr. Belser.C. Jack was too busy realizing his dreams to think about Mr. Belser.D. His present busy life washed away his childhood memories.9. Jack’s mother told him on the phone about Mr. Belser EXCEPT that ______.A. Mr. Belser often asked how Jack was doingB. Mr. Belser’s funeral would take place on WednesdayC. Mr. Belser had asked for Jack’s mailing addressD. Mr. Belser had pleasant memories of their time together10. Why did Belser send Jack his gold watch?A. Because he was grateful for Jack’s time with him.B. Because he had no children or relatives.C. Because he thought he had to keep his word.D. Because Jack had always wanted it during his childhood.11. Why did Jack say he needed some time to spend with his son?A. He was very tired of his work and wanted to have a good rest.B. He had promised to spare more time to stay with his son.C. He had missed his son and his family for days.D. He came to realize the importance of the time with his family.12. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?A. The Good Old TimesB. What He Valued MostC. An Old Gold WatchD. The Lost Childhood Days7DAfter the Summer Olympics are over, when all the athletics have gone home and thetelevision audience has switched off, another group of athletics and fans will arrive at the host city, and another competition will begin. These are the Paralympics, the games for athletes with a disability. But in Beijing in 2008, for the first time, one of the greatest Paralympics will not be taking part.She is a British athlete by the name of Tanni Grey-Thormpson. Born with spine hifida ( 脊) which left her paralysed from the waist down. Tanni used a wheelchair from the age of 7. at 椎裂first, she was not keen on sport, apart from horse-riding, which gave her a sense of freedom. But in her teens, she started taking sports more seriously. She tried swimming, basketball and tennis. Eventually she found athletics, and never looked back.Indeed, Tanni’s athletic career took off. In 1984, when she was 15, she pulled off a surprisevictory in the 100metres at the Junior National Wheelchair Games.In 1988, Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 metres. Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona. Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process. In the same year she achieved she first of her six London Wheelchair Marathon victories.Tanni’s enduring success had been part motivation(), part preparation, “The training I 动机do that enables me to be a good sprinter enables me to be good at a marathon too. I train 50 weeks of the year and that keeps me preparedfor whatever distance I want to race. I am still competing at a very high lever, but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart.”Indeed Tanni retired finally after the Visa Paralympic World Cup in 2007. Her wish is tocoach young athletes for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.In spite of ups and downs, she never take her fate lying down. In her splendid life, she has won an amazing eleven gold medals, four silvers and one bronze in series of Paralympics- a top lever athletic career covering two decades. She has won the London Wheelchair Marathon six times, more than any other competitor, and she has set over thirty world records.What advice does she have for young athletes? “Work hard at your studies, and then train,train and train again.”13. Which of the following sports did Tanni like before thirteen?A. BasketballB. Swimming.C. Tennis.D. Horse-riding.14. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?A. In 1984.B. In 1988.C. In 1992.D. In 2007.15. The underlined word “that” in the 5th paragraph refers to_______.A. fifty weeks’ trainingB. being a good sprinterC. training almost every dayD. part motivation and part preparation16. What’s the right order of the events related to Tanni?a. She works as a coach.b. She took up athletics.c. She won four gold medals in Barcelona.d. She competed in herfirst Paralympic Games.e. She achieved a victory in her first London Wheelchair Marathon.A. b, d, c, e aB. a, d, b, c ,eC. A,d,c,e,bD. b.d.a.e.c17. What can we learn from Tanni’s success?A. Union is strength.B. Never too late to learn.C. Well begun is half done.D. No pains, no gains.8Direction: Read the passage and complete the sentences or answer the questions .,Not everyone is born with beautiful hair , but by learning a fewabout hair care, you can makeyour hair look its best. Healthy, attractive hair should look smooth, silky and shiny. Hair that is dull, dry, brittle or frizzy is unhealthy. Everyday events such as shampooing, brushing and blow drying can dogreat damage to your hair, causing the dry, brittle, frizzy appearance.When you shampoo your hair, you should use a shampoo for yourspecific type of hair. If you have color treated hair, you should use a shampoo for chemically treated hair. If you are not sure what your hair type is or what type of shampoo to use, ask your hairdresser. Yourhairdresser can recommend a specific shampoo and conditioner to keep your hair healthy and shiny.Brushing your hair can actually help improve the shine. If you have long hair that tends to tangle on the ends, you should start brushing on the ends to remove any tangles, and work your way up to the scalp. You should never brush wet hair. When hair is wet，it is much weaker than when it is dry. Wet hair will break very easily if it is not combed very gently. If you have long hair, you should squeeze the extra water from your hair with a towel. Never rub your hair between the towel to dry it, this can cause severe breakage. Before combing, a leave-in conditioner should besprayed on the hair to help restore shine and help remove tangles. Using a wide tooth comb, comb hair from the ends and work your way up.Blow dryers are very convenient and many of us use them daily. If they are used incorrectly, they can cause severe heat damage to your hair. Blow drying can cause your ends to be dry, brittle and frizzy. You should allow your hair to air dry until it is about half way dry. Set your blow dryer on low or medium heat, and keep the blow dryer about six to eight inches away from your hair.If you follow these healthy hair practices, you should notice an improvement in the condition of your hair within two to four weeks, depending on how damaged your hair is. While you are working to improve the condition of your hair, see your hairdresser or visit your local beautysupply store for more information on available products.1. 1.A healthy hair looks like________, ________ and _________.2. Why should we never brush wet hair?3. You turn to ______________ or________________________________ for help if you aren’t sure which kind of shampoo is suitable for your hair.4. What mentioned above can damage our hair?9Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading form A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A(A “needs statement” is critical to your proposal.BNever write a grant proposal only for funding purpose.(CAbout school grants.(DRead and understand the investor’s guidelines and requirements.( EDescribe your project fully.(FLet your investor know your progress.(1(You should always seek grantopportunities that match your program’s goals and (奖学金)objectives rather than the other way around. If you change your program based on an investor’s guidelines, you may end up with aproject or program that is mere shellof the original (框架)plan. The goal of grant writing is not simply to bring more money in for your agency; the goal is to fund programs that will meet the needs of your investor.2(Most funding agencies publish grant guidelines or requirements. Make sure you understand them and follow them exactly. Note the deadline and whether the proposal must be received by the deadline. Don’t have your proposal thrown out because you didn’t follow the guidelines properly. Exceptions are rarely made, regardless of the circumstances. Some investors have special requirements; follow them!3(Yo ur “needs statement” drives your entire grant proposal. The proposed program should revolve around the problems faced by your clients. The purpose of the grant is to meet the specific needs you have identified. If you have not adequately described the reason you need the program, including the research data when possible, the investor will see no reason to invest in your project.4(Every proposal will require a section that describes the broad goals and measurable objectives of your project. You should detail the activities of your project Your budget and budget narrative must closely match the described activities. Your evaluation should carefully measure whether the stated project objectives are being met on a timely basis. Foundation and corporate investors generally expect this section to be no longer than 5 to 10 pages. Federal grants may allow up to 50 pages ormore for a thorough discussion of your project. Again, follow the guidelines of the investor.5(If you are fortunate enough to have your proposal funded, send a thank-you note for the grant. Next, keep the funding agency informed about your activities, progress and accomplishments. Invite them to come to see your program in operation. Send reports that tell how you’ve used the funds. In short, make your investor your partner.10IV. Translation (15’)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, usingthe words or phrases givenin brackets.1. (success)我们都希望这次奥运会会办得非常成功。
上海交通大学附属中学2020-2021学年度下学期高二期中英语试题
My application essay to Brown Covid-19 is a very destructive respiratory disease that has caused much pain and suffering for millions of people around the world. Although my heart grieves for all the lives lost, each of us has suffered in our own unique ways. For me, that suffering took the ____1____ of not getting an opportunity to play the lead in our spring drama, which was, so ____2____, cancelled. As a sophomore，my efforts to ____3____ the role of the wrongly accused Desdemona in William Shakespeare’s important play “Othello” were thwarted. Our drama coach, Ms. Wilkie, told me during the audition process that sophomores would be considered for ____4____ roles, but the parts of Othello, Iago, and Desdemona all went to upperclassmen, even though none of them had taken private ____5____ classes, as I have, with Leonard Michaels at the Willows Dramatic Academy for Young Performers. This experience taught me that authority figures do not always have “the answers”, a lesson ____6____ when Dr. Anthony Fauci, who is a very ____7____ medical adviser to many Presidents of the United States of America, said at first that masks should not be worn but then said that they should. Should I have the great ____8____ of studying at the Department of Theatre Arts and Performance Studies at Brown University, I vow to ____9____ the suffering of this past year into my art as a(n) ____10____ to all those, including myself who have experienced such tremendous loss. It is believed that the immortal bard, William Shakespeare, said, “Instead of weeping when a tragedy occurs in a songbird its life, it sings away its grief” My time at Brown will be my chance to “sing away grief,’’ except that, unlike the tragedies of Shakespeare and other playwrights, my tragedy is real and therefore more tragic. Making predictions hinders the brain’s ability to remember the present moment, new research suggests. The hippocampus, a brain structure usually ____11____ with remembering events, also uses experiences to make forecasts (neuroscientists call this ‘‘statistical learning”). ____12____ scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated that the latter function can disrupt the former. Researchers showed participants a series of photographs on a screen without telling them that some image categories always ____13____ others: mountains always came immediately after beaches, for example. The subjects were intended to ____14____ learn these associations and begin to expect these pairings. Later, the participants were shown the same photos again, mixed in with new examples, and were asked if they had ____15____ any of them before. They accurately recalled seeing ____16____ images at a much better rate than the “predictive” ones (like the beach pictur期中英语试题 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more Qian you need.
牛津版高二英语第二学期期中联考考试题
牛津版高二英语第二学期期中联考考试题高二英语注意事项：本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
第一卷1至11页，第二卷12至13页。
共150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第一卷的答案必须涂在答题卡上，第二卷直接在试卷规定处作答。
考试结束后只交第二卷和答题卡。
第一卷(共三部分，共105分)第一部分听力部分(共两节，满分20分)做题时, 先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题，每小题1分；满分5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。
每段对话仅读一边。
01. Whom do you think the woman is talking to?A. A bus conductorB. A clerk at the airportC. A taxi driver02. What does the woman mean? A. The winter has just begunB. Once it starts, it’ll snow a lotC. It has been snowing for some time03. What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Customer and shop assistantB. Manager and secretaryC. Travellar and travel agent04. Why doesn’t the woman take the umbrella? A. Because it stops rainingB. Because she has a raincoatC. Because she has an umbrella05. Where does Bill need to go before he can play ball? A. To a physical education classB. To a baseball training campC. To the doctor第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2021-2022学年上海市牛津上海版高二期中复习英语试卷(解析版)
上海市2021-2022学年牛津上海版高二英语期中复习英语卷第I卷（共110分）I. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously ____1____ (injure) each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same ____2____ falling from a third floor window. According to a government information booklet, ____3____ (wear) a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.Therefore, drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles ____4____ wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to 50 pounds. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. ____5____ it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front ____6____ they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection ____7____ (use) a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate ____8____ excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances apply to you before you decide ____9____ (not wear) your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and may ______10______ (fine) if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.〖答案〗1. injured 2. as 3. wearing 4. must 5. But 6. unless 7. using 8. which ## that 9. not to wear 10. be fined〖祥解〗本文是一篇说明文。
2020-2021学年上海交大附中高二(下)期中英语试卷
2020-2021学年上海交大附中高二（下）期中英语试卷My application essay to Brown Covid-19 is a very destructive respiratory disease that has caused much pain and suffering for millions of people around the world. Although my heart grieves for all the lives lost, each of us has suffered in our own unique ways. For me, that suffering took the（1）______ of not getting an opportunity to play the lead in our spring drama, which was, so （2）______ ，cancelled.As a sophomore,my efforts to（3）______ the role of the wrongly accused Desdemona in William Shakespeare's important play "Othello" were thwarted. Our drama coach, Ms.Wilkie,told me during the audition process that sophomores would be considered for（4）______ roles,but the parts of Othello,Iago,and Desdemona all went to upperclassmen, even though none of them had taken private（5）______ classes, as I have, with Leonard Michaels at the Willows Dramatic Academy for Young Performers.This experience taught me that authority figures do not always have "the answers," alesson （6）______ when Dr. Anthony Fauci, who is a very（7）______ medical adviser to many Presidents of the United States of America, said at first that masks should not be worn but then said that they should.Should I have the great（8）______ of studying at the Department of Theatre Arts and Performance Studies at Brown University, I vow to（9）______ the suffering of this past year into my art as a（n）（10）______ to all those, including myself who have experienced such tremendous loss.It is believed that the immortal bard, William Shakespeare, said,"Instead of weeping whena tragedy occurs in a songbird its life, it sings away its grief". My time at Brown will bemy chance to "sing away grief," except that, unlike the tragedies of Shakespeare and other playwrights, my tragedy is real and therefore more tragic.Making predictions hinders the brain's ability to remember the present moment,new research suggests. The hippocampus, a brain structure usually （1）______ with remembering events, also uses experiences to make forecasts （neuroscientists call this "statistical learning"）. （2）______ scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA havenow demonstrated that the latter function can disrupt the former.Researchers showed participants a series of photographs on a screen without telling them that some image categories always（3）______ others：mountains always came immediately after beaches,for example. The subjects were intended to（4）______ learn these associations and begin to expect these pairings. Later, the participants were shown the same photos again, mixed in with new examples,and were asked if they had （5）______ any of them before. They accurately recalled seeing（6）______ images at a much better rate than the "predictive" ones （like the beach pictures）.The scientists repeated this process while scanning participants' brains with functional MRI. Each image category prompted a distinct neural activity pattern,and the （7）______ for "predictable" categories were seen in the hippocampus when the corresponding predictive category was displayed.（8）______ ，this effect's strength in fMRI corresponded inversely with participants, memory task scores. "The more evidence for prediction we saw, the（9）______ their memory was. for those predictive items," such as a particular beach scene, says study lead author and Yale University cognitive neuro scientist Brynn Sherman. This suggests that predictive images triggered the hippocampus to shift gears toward（10）______ - and away from encoding a new memory.The study is among the first to demonstrate how making predictions（11）______ human memory. Scientists previously suspected that the hippocampus had a role in statistical learning but had not known how it（12）______ with memory formation. "This paper is a really nice demonstration of the（13）______ where the hippocampus is doing both these things," says University of Virginia cognitive neuroscientist Nicole Long, who was not involved in the research.The team says this trade-off occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of the same（14）______ pathways. In the paper,the authors compare it with "using one's right foot to operate both the brake and gas pedals in a car... but not both at the same time." This setup could prevent memory redundancies and thus （15）______ brainpower,Sherman says：a successful prediction would contain the same information as an actual outcome.The brain circuitry that makes all this possible still requires further research,Long says. For instance,she wonders how much repetition is needed before the hippocampus shifts from recording to predicting and whether it is possible to train the structure to improve both modes in tandem.1. A. concerned B. interfered C. involved D. associated2. A. Therefore B. But C. Moreover D. While3. A. resembled B. followed C. paralleled D. mirrored4. A. consequently B. voluntarilyC. subconsciouslyD. gradually5. A. sought B. spotted C. enlightened D. witnessed6. A. random B. previous C. supernatural D. magical7. A. memories B. messages C. images D. patterns8. A. Meanwhile B. Likewise C. Moreover D. Still9. A. better B. more C. worse D. shorter10. A. forgetfulness B. prevention C. prediction D. intention11. A. relates B. enhances C. strengthens D. affects12. A. interacts B. deals C. originates D. experiments13. A. compromise B. relationship C. approach D. performance14. A. systematical B. biological C. intellectual D. emotional15. A. observe B. preserve C. reserve D. conserveThe past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like'Palaeolithic Man'，'Neolithic Man'，etc.，neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the （1）______ 'Legless Man'. （2）______ of the time will go something like this：'in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to （3）______ people walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn't use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were spoiled by the （4）______ of large car parks.' The future history books might also record that we were （5）______ of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird's-eye view of the world - or less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a（6）______ image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers,（7）______ ，are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on：they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what？And as for seatravel, it hardly deserves mention, It is perfectly（8）______ in the words of the old song：'I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see？I saw the sea.' The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says 'I've been there.' You mention the remotest,most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado,Kabul,Irkutsk and someone is（9）______ to say 'I've been there' meaning,'I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else.'When you travel at high speeds,the present means （10）______ ：you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is （11）______ ，is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this,you （12）______ all experience；the present ceases to be a reality. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and （13）______ are one and the same thing：he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical（14）______ . He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his：the just （15）______ of all true travelers.16. A. title B. nickname C. term D. label17. A. Folks B. Inscriptions C. Histories D. Documents18. A. facilitate B. relieve C. prevent D. motivate19. A. area B. presence C. comfort D. alternative20. A. assured B. deprived C. convinced D. denied21. A. unique B. picturesque C. passing D. blurred22. A. in particular B. for instanceC. on the other handD. as a result23. A. acted as B. summed up C. reflected on D. set up24. A. ready B. reluctant C. bound D. thrilled25. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing26. A. achieved B. administrated C. processed D. declared27. A. expand B. suspend C. adventure D. depict28. A. exercising B. relaxing C. arriving D. judging29. A. initiation B. currency C. relief D. weariness30. A. reward B. award C. demand D. evaluationDWhich is safer-staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working in the office？Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry？Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact, the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this that makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City （1947），Flixborough （1974），Seveso （1976），Pemex （1984）and Bhopal （1984）.Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small. No one died at Seveso,and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was Bhopal,where up to 3，000 were killed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives, just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate （硝酸氨），which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management, which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town, local leaders were incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction of exploding storage tanks. Yet, by a miracle, the two Largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire, then 3，000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.31.Which of the following statements is true？______A. Working at the office is safer than staying at home.B. Travelling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.C. Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.D. Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.32.Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news because ______ .A. they are very rareB. they often cause loss of lifeC. they always occur in big citiesD. they arouse the interest of all the readers33.From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of ______ .A. natural gas, which can easily catch fireB. fertilizer, which can't be stored in a great quantityC. poisonous substance, which can't be used in overcrowded areasD. fuel, which is stored in large tanks34.From the discussion among some experts we may conclude that ______ .A. natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safeB. to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industryC. all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measures hadbeen takenD. the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemicalindustryEIf scientists could create a pill that let you live twice as long while remaining free of diseases, would you take it？If one considers only the personal benefits that longer life would bring, the answer might seem like a no-brainer：People could spend more time with loved ones；watch future generations grow up；learn new languages or try different careers.But what about society as a whole？Would it be better off if life span were doubled？The question is of growing importance, and serious debate about it goes back a few years to the Kronos Conference on Longevity Health Sciences in Arizona. Gregory Stock, director of the Program on Medicine, Technology, and Society at UCLA's School of Public Health, answered the question with a firm "Yes". A doubled lifespan, Stock said, would "give us a chance to recover from our mistakes, lead us towards longer-term thinking and delay the start of expensive diseases of aging. It would also raise productivity through adding to our prime years."Callahan, a co-founder of the Hastings Center in New York, didn't share Stocks enthusiasm. For one thing, he said, doubling life spans won't solve any of our current social problems. "We have war, poverty, all sorts of issues around, and I don't think any of them would be at all helped if people lived longer, Callahan said in a telephone interview, "The question is, 'Whatwill we get as a society？' I suspect it won't be a better society？"Others point out that a doubling of the human lifespan will affect society at every level. Ideas about marriage and work will change in fundamental ways, they say, as will attitudes toward the young and the old.35.In Paragraph 2，"a no-brainer" most probably refers to ______ .A. something coming to mind naturallyB. someone unwilling to thinkC. something difficult to bear in mindD. someone having a low IQ36.According to Stock, a doubled lifespan would result in people ______ .A. thinking less frequentlyB. having fewer diseases of agingC. making more mistakesD. working productively longer37.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？______A. Aging：Burden or TreasureB. Base of Society：the Old or the YoungC. Longer Lives：For or AgainD. A Doubled Lifespan：Possible or NotFIt was a ruling that had consumers seething with anger and many a free trader crying foul. On November 20th the European Court of Justice decided that Tesco, a British supermarket chain, should not be allowed to import jeans made by America's Levi Strauss from outside the European Union and sell them at cut-rate prices without getting permission first from the jeans maker. Ironically, the ruling is based on an EU trademark directive that was designed to protect local, not American, manufacturers from price dumping. The idea is that any brand-owning firm should be allowed to position its goods and segment its markets as it sees fit：Levi's jeans, just like Gucci handbags, must be allowed to be expensive.Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas,Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands-which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice. Consumer groups and Tesco say that Levi's case is specious. The supermarket argues that it was just arbitraging theprice differential between Levi's jeans sold in America and Europe-a service performed a million times a day in financial markets, and one that has led to real benefits for consumers. Tesco has been selling some 15，000 pairs of Levi's jeans a week,for about half the price they command in specialist stores approved by Levi Strauss. Christine Cross,Tesco's head of global non-food sourcing, says the ruling risks "creating a Fortress Europe with a vengeance".The debate will rage on, and has implications well beyond casual clothes（Levi Strauss was joined in its lawsuit by Zino Davidoff, a perfume maker）. The question at its heart is not whether brands need to control how they are sold to protect their image, but whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this. Gucci, an Italian clothes label whose image was being destroyed by loose licensing and over-exposure in discount stores, saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third-party suppliers, controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere.Brand experts argue that Levi Strauss, which has been losing market share to hipper rivals such as Diesel, is no longer strong enough to command premium prices. Left to market forces, so-so brands such as Levi's might well lade away and be replaced by fresher labels. With the courts protecting its prices, Levi Strauss may hang on for longer. But no court can help to make it a great brand again.38.Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 1？______A. Consumers and free traders were very angry.B. Only the Levi's maker can decide the prices of the jeans.C. The ruling has protected Levi's from price dumping.D. Levi's jeans should be sold at a high price.39.The underlined word "specious"（paragraph 2）in the context probably means ______ .A. responsible for oneselfB. having too many doubtsC. not as it seems to beD. raising misunderstanding40.Gucci's success shows that ______ .A. Gucci has successfully saved its own image.B. It has changed its fate with its own effort.C. Opening its own stores is the key to success.D. It should be the court's duty to save its image.41.According to the passage, the doomed fate of Levi's is caused by such factors except that______ .A. the rivals are competitiveB. it fails to command premium pricesC. market forces have their own rulesD. the court fails to give some help42.The author's attitude towards Levi's prospect seems to be ______ .A. biasedB. indifferentC. puzzlingD. objectiveTelevision shows on interior design are bringing down the house A wife and daughter arrive home to their living room transformed：Daddy is sitting in a soundproof room, playing his guitar. He offers his shocked wife a drink at his new bar, and delightedly shows off histable-football skills. He is the star of a recent episode of "Macho House"，a new television show that creates dream spaces for South Korean men.（1）______ . But it taps into a growing desire among South Koreans to rearrange their private living spaces. At first sight that is surprising for a nation that spends more hours at office desks than any other among rich countries. Yet in a recent poll by a local market researcher, over half said they had spent more time at home in the past year due to "growing social anxieties".Jipbang - "house broadcasts" that often weave tips on design makeovers with advice for unhappy inhabitants - promote a new approach to domestic well-being. "Let Me Beautify Your Home" is a spin-off of "Let Me In"，a controversial series that offered radical plastic surgery as a cure for misery. （2）______ . It suggests,for example, new divisions to create privacy or to force all family members to pass through a shared living space in order to get to their bedrooms. In "Old House,New House"，two teams of experts compete to rebuild a celebrity's house,recreated in a studio.Disorder is a big theme. Designers pride themselves on ideas for storing things,such as under sofas. They regularly suggest ways of creating what for some is their first experience of a room dedicated just to accommodating a Western-style bed. （3）______ . A bedroom might, once a sleeping mattress is rolled up,turn into a tea-room by day Oddly, given the state of the economy, sales at a home-furnishings store,rose by nearly a third last year compared with 2014. （4）______ . These involve the sharing of photos of restored flats：in South Korea people "bangstagram" after the word for "room".43. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F44. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F45. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F46. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F47.The Suez Canal,（1）______ it currently exists,is a 193-kilometer artificial waterwayconnecting the Mediterranean Sea at Port Said to the Red Sea at Port Tewfik.This waterway connects the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in a way that doesn't require a ship heading between Europe and Asia（2）______ go around Africa or wait for the ice to melt in the Arctic.The canal also, unlike the Panama Canal, has no locks at all, making it（3）______ （easy）for some of the world's ships to slip right through and for the canal（4）______ （expand），should the Egyptian government prioritize such a project.As tough as it may have been to build a canal （5）______ this scale, the Suez Canal was far from the first of its kind of area. In fact a canal of this sort was first attempted by Egypt in the 19th century BC，under the rule of Middle Kingdom pharaoh Senusret Ⅱ. A canal was reportedly later opened by the time of the Islamic Caliphates but it was reportedlyclosed in the 8th century AD. That combined with the Red Sea gradually receding away from what are now the Bitter Lakes（6）______ （cause）the canal to fade into disuse.In the following decades, a railway was set up between Alexandria and Suez but thiswasn't good enough for global trade, so guess what they thought of？That's right,（7）______ canal!Construction broke ground in 1859 and took ten years（8）______ a grand total of over1.5 million workers throughout the decade.The area, seeing virtually immediate success,（9）______ （declare）in theConstantinople Convention to be an international zone under British protection. This（10）______ play a pivotal part in the World Wars, and also contribute to conflict between Britain and Egypt in the Suez Crisis.48.The time will come ______ （旧制度被粉碎、被摧毁） .49.Don't hurt over and over again ______ （那些能容忍你最糟糕的一面的人）.50.______ （不久他就被对手赶上before），which caused great anxiety for him.51.Perhaps there are creatures ______ （在太阳系中生活在被人类发现的恐惧中）.52. A survey is being carried out on ______ （你是否愿意吐露你内心最深处的感受和想法innermost）.53.______ （尽管我们心中燃起的希望遭遇了可怕的现实rise），none of us had theslightest intention of abandoning them.54.It is a wonder that ______ （他在经历几次重大挫折后仍在医学工程上取得了有意义的突破） .55.______ （随着考试的临近，焦虑在所难免approach）and enough sleep and a healthydiet can effectively relieve your anxiety.56.______ （这些与祖辈生活在一起的留守儿童的数量leave）currently estimated at 60million nationwide.57.The CCTV Spring Festival Gala, which this year more than 600 million people in China______ （通过电视观看，是春节庆祝活动不可或缺的一部分）.58.他人的成功可能会给你施加压力，但是实实在在地分析自己，你就能制定出一个切合实际的奋斗目标。
上海市金山中学2019-2020学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题 含答案
上海市金山中学2019-2020学年度高二年级第二学期期中考试英语学科（考试时间：120分钟满分：150分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A（10分）Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 2:00. B. At 3:00. C. At 4:45. D. At 5:15.2. A. To go to a physical club. B. To work in the office.C. To sleep in bed.D. To go shopping.3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Librarian and reader.C. Actor and actress.D. Waitress and customer.4. A. In a restaurant. B. In a barber’s.C. At a tailor’s shop.D. At the cinema.5. A. He has gone to visit his mother. B. He has asked for a sick leave.C. He has found a new job in Europe.D. He has done something wrong.6. A. They lived in the same neighbour. B. They went to the same college.C. He’s known Margie for a long time.D. It’s the first time he has met Margie.7. A. The nearest post office is next to the police station.B. The man is working in the office building.C. The man ought to get off at the next bus stop.D. The post office is two blocks away from the police station.8. A. He agrees on setting the bed.B. He wants to look for a place to live.C. He’d like to invite two friends to visit.D. He will change his phone number immediately.9. A. Both of them are sports fans. B. The man wants to buy a fan to cool down.C. There is a fan exhibition now.D. They will play a tennis game together.10. A. The woman doesn’t agree with the man.B. Drunk driving causes many accidents on the road.C. Most people killed in the accidents are heavy drinkers.D. People should be careful with the traffic when crossing the road.Section B（20分）Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. International Nurses’ Day. B. World No Tobacco Day.C. International Workers’ Day.D. National Chocolate Chip Day.12. A. May’s brilliant green jewel stands for constant love.B. Workers started to fight for 8 hours labor back in the 1800s.C. Chocolate Chip cookies are usually made for the people you love.D. May’s flower, the Lily of the valley, represents happiness and pure love.13. A. The Merry Month of May. B. Month Flower and Jewel or MayC. Food celebrations in May.D. No Cigarettes in May.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. He invented the way of blood transfusion. (输血)B. He solved the problem of dangerous blood transfusion.C. He found a couple of new blood types of human beings.D. He discovered the relation between blood types and personalities.15. A. Loyal but anxious. B. Logical but changeable.C. Creative but selfishD. Ambitious but inflexible.16. A. Modest B. NeutralC. DisapprovingD. SupportiveQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation17. A. They stood to eat. B. They declined to buy the food.C. They waited to have a seat to sit onD. They bought the food and took it away.18. A. They are brothers who had business ideas.B. They are friends who run the McDonald’s.C. They are the owners of the first McDonald’s.D. They are partners who bought the first McDonald’s.19. A. $27 billion. B. $27 millionC. $2.7 millionD. $270 million.20. A. The one in New York. B. The one in San Francisco.C. The one in Hong Kong.D. The one in Shanghai.II. Grammar and V ocabularySection A（10分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Nook’s arrival, Good or Bad?Booklovers, most of them, will tell you (21)_______ a pleasure it is to lend a favorite read to a friend-the novel you stayed up all night to get to the end of; the travel book that made you feel (22)_______ you yourself were on a train ride through India. For a while it seemed that e-book users were to be denied this pleasure of lending to friends. You could buy a book or magazine for your reading device, but you couldn’t lend it out.But now, with the Nook, the US book chain Barnes and Noble’s response to Amazon’s Kindle, electronic readers will be able to have their latest literary enthusiasm (23)_______ (press) on their friends, just like readers of physical books can. You simply email the book from your Nook and your friend can read it for two weeks, (24)_______ (use) any device with the Barnes & Noble e-book reader software. It’s a big improvement from previous e-book readers.The Nook offers other features too. You read in black and white on the main screen, just like with Kindle. The difference is (25)_______ on the lower part of the device there’s a color touch screen, (26)_______ allows you to browse through a book or magazine, but goes black when you’re not using it so that you save power.(27)_______ exciting thing about the Nook is that it offers Wi-Fi, arguably a big advance on previous e-book readers. Customers in the United States can use the Internet connection (28)_______ (read) whole e-books at Barnes and Noble’s hundreds of bookstores for free. None of Barnes and Noble’s competitors can come close to this.But the Nook, ironically, (29)_______ (turn out) to be a money-loser for Barnes and Noble, or at least a job-loser for Barnes and Noble’s employees. According to Marian Maneker at The Big Money Website, (30)_______ the Nook is successful it might take sales from the company’s bookstore, eventually forcing their closure and the loss of thousands of jobsSection B（10分）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.“That which does not kill us makes us stronger.” But parents can’t handle it when teenagers put this 31 into practice. And now technology has become the new field for the age-old battle between adults and their freedom-craving kids.Locked indoors, unable to get on their bicycles and hang out with their friends, teens have turned to social media and their mobile phones to 32 with their friends. What they do online often mirrors what they might otherwise do if their mobility wasn’t so 33 limited in the age of helicopter parenting. Social media and smart phones apps have become so popular in recent years. Teens want the freedom to explore their 34 and the world around them, so they jump online.As teens have moved online, parents have projected their 35 onto the Internet, imagining all the potential dangers that youth might face--from violent strangers to cruel pees.Rather than helping teens develop strategies for discussing public life and the potential risks of interacting with others, fearful parents have focused on tracking, monitoring and 36 . These don’t help teens develop the skills they need to manage complex social situations, assess risks and get help when they’re in trouble. It gradually weakens the learning that teens need to do as they come of age in a technology-soaked world.The key to helping youth handle 37 life isn’t more restrictions. It’s freedom-plus communication. Famed urban theorist Jane Jacobs used to argue that the safest neighborhoods were those where communities 38 took interest in and paid attention to what happened on the streets. Safety didn’t come from keeping everyone indoors but from a 39 to watch out for one another. The same is true online.Teens need the freedom to wander the 40 street, but they also need to know that caring adults are behind them and supporting them wherever they go.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A（15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In modern society loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon and people can experience loneliness for many reasons. It is a very common, though normally temporary, 41 of a breakup, divorce, or loss of any importantlong-term relationship. In these cases, loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and from the __42__ from social circles. The loss of a significant person in one’s life will typically initiate a grief response; in this situation, one might feel lonely, even while in the company of others.Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive (破裂的) event, such as moving from one’s home town into 43 communities leading to homesickness. Loneliness can also occur in places with low population densities in which there are comparatively few people to 44 .There are many different ways used to 45 loneliness. The first step that most doctors recommend to patients is therapy. Short term therapy typically occurs over a period of ten to twenty weeks. During therapy, emphasis is put on understanding the cause of the problem, 46 the negative thoughts, feelings, and attitudes resulting from the problem, and exploring ways to help the patient feel connected. Some doctors also recommend 47__ therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system. It may take several attempts before a suitable anti-depressant medication is found. Some patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to 48 periodically.Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy. Studies and surveys indicate that the presence of animal companions such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and guinea pigs can 49 feelings of loneliness or depression among some sufferers. Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for 50 with other pet owners. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention there are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership, such as lowered blood pressure. In addition, some other alternative approaches may include exercise, dieting, etc, which many patients find have a 51 effect on relieving symptoms. Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition (认知) offers the best chance of 52__ loneliness.Nevertheless, loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the 53 process. In some people, temporary or prolonged loneliness can lead to notable artistic and creative expression, for example, as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson, and numerous musicians. This is not to imply that loneliness itself ensures this creativity, __54 , it may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely be present in individuals 55__ creative activities.41. A. type B. concern C. consequence D. evidence42. A. withdrawal B. absence C. disappearance D. presence43. A. informal B. uncertain C. relevant D. unfamiliar44. A. turn to B. interact with C. long for D. share with45. A. release B. observe C. monitor D. treat46. A. reversing B. directing C. measuring D. pursuing47. A. long-term B. sightseeing C. patient D. group48. A. quit B. evolve C. switch D. exercise49. A. confirm B. protest C. enhance D. ease50. A. socializing B. interfering C. comparing D. coping51. A. historic B. restorative C. decisive D. permanent52. A. promoting B. enhancing C. reducing D. striving53. A. creative B. musical C. artistic D. poetic54. A. however B. therefore C. rather D. otherwise55. A. restricted to B. engaged in C. concerned about D. altered bySection B（22分）Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes. Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic, Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involve defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed. For years, Margaret felt embarrassed abouther problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret.“I just wish I had learned to say that when I was 17.”56. Which of the following is true of amusics?A. Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.B. They love places where they are likely to hear music.C. They can easily tell two different songs apart.D. Their situation is well understood by musicians.57. According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one whoA. dislikes listening to speechesB. can hear anything nonmusicalC. has a hearing problemD. lacks a complex hearing system58. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish thatA. her problem with music had been diagnosed earlierB. she were seventeen years old rather than seventyC. her problem could be easily explainedD. she were able to meet other amusics59. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. Amusics’ strange behaviours.B. Some people’s inability to enjoy music.C. Musical talent and brain structure.D. Identification and treatment of amusics.(B)Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone’s life? If yes, don’t care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you’ll make it!60. What does the underlined part mean?A. You’ll make others’ lives more meaningful with this job.B. You’ll arrive home just in time from this job.C. You’ll earn a good salary from this job.D. You’ll succeed in getting this job.61. The volunteers’ major responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities _______.A. to get some financial supportB. to properly protect themselvesC. to learn some new living skillsD. to realize their own importance62. Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?A. The one who can drive a car.B. The one who has done similar work before.C. The one who has patience to listen to others.D. The one who can use English to communicate.(C)About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular.Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it.However, paradoxically (自相矛盾地), just recently a group of black parents filed a lawsuit (诉讼) in California claiming that the state’s ban on IQ testing discriminates (歧视) against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test. (They believe, correctly, that IQ tests are a valid method of evaluating children for special education classes.) The judge, therefore, reversed, at least partially his original decision.And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting, even promoting such testing. If a child of anycolor or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause.What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is not discriminative to evaluate either a child’s physical condition or his intellectual level.Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation (起伏) back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what the best procedures are. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.As to intelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about any child’s intellectual level, the better for the child in question.63. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?A. Its validity was challenged by many communities.B. It was considered discriminative against minority children.C. It met with strong opposition from the majority of black parents.D. It robbed the black children of their rights to a good education.64. The author believes that intelligence testing _______.A. may ease racial discrimination in the United StatesB. can encourage black children to keep up with white childrenC. may seriously worsen racial discrimination in the United StatesD. can help black parents make decisions about their children’s education65. The author’s opinion of child adoption seems to be that _____.A. no definite rules can be prescribedB. white families should adopt black childrenC. adoption should be based on IQ test resultsD. cross-racial adoption is to be advocated66. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that _______.A. good will may sometimes complicate racial problemsB. social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of childrenC. intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areasD. American opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive issuesDirection: In the article, 4 sentences have been removed. Choose the most suitable ones from the list A-AC to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are TWO which do not fit in any of the gaps.Do not underestimate the power of revision in the days and hours before an examination. The closer you are to the exam, the more chance you have of storing and keeping important information. But do not overdo it 67 An effective daily routine can help you to go through an exam period, so in the days leading up to your first exam, get into the habit of being up and ready to work by 9 a.m. It can be a shock to the system after months of working to your own timetable to be mentally alert at that time if you have not prepared for.On the day of the exam, have a good breakfast, pack everything you need (pens, pencils, erasers, etc), then make your way to the examination hall in good time. Do not arrive too early, though, as other people’s anxiety can be passed on to you, and you may suffer from panic.Once in your seat, simply stop for a few seconds and collect your thoughts. 68 When you first look at the test paper, spend a shot period reading through all the instructions and questions, paying attention to key verbs such as “discuss”, “compare” and “evaluate”. Map out a quick plan of points you wish to make and how much time you should spend on each question.It is wise always to allow for 10 minutes at the end of the exam to give yourself time to go back over your answers. Once you have selected the questions you wish to deal with, begin by attempting the one you think is you strongest. It will give you more confidence when you see a well-answered question down on paper.69 If you do need something else to focus on to help collect your thoughts, choose a fixture in the room, such as the ceiling-or anything else-that will not allow you to be distracted.Finally, once you have finished, never hang around outside afterwards to discuss the exams you’ve taken with other students. 70IV. Summary Writing（10分）71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no morethan 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of a lift operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to expect higher quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform is likely to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a hairdresser, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical good points. They are often more comfortable and more lasing than civilian clothes.Primary fact among the argument against uniforms is their lack of variety and the loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they are likely to think, speak, and act similarly on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.V. Translation（15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.在宇宙中有许多肉眼看不到的星星（visible）73.直到期末考试临近，迈克才意识到他的复习时间不够了。
2020-2021学年上海交大附中高二(下)期中英语试卷
2020-2021学年上海交大附中高二（下）期中英语试卷I•Listening Comprehension Section A （每题1分，共10分）Directions：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．（1分）A. Quit driving because of the traffic jam.B. Take the motorway on Saturday.C. Set off earlier in case of heavy traffic.D. Take public transport to get there.2．（1分）A. The man is fond of travelling.B. The woman is a photographer.C. The woman took，a lot of pictures at the contest.D. The man admires the woman's talent in writing.3．（1分）A. The coffee machine is always convenient.B. Coffee buyers should have the exact change.C. The coffee from a coffee machine is cheaper.D. Coffee buyers should wait for getting coffee.4．（1分）A. The woman is sure to get more bonus next year.B. There are some problems with the woman's bonus.C. They have to reduce the expenses this year.D. The bonus is in proportion to the woman's work.5．（1分）A. Buy a sweater as a gift.B. Check out in the counter.C. Switch to another store.D. Select a sweater she likes.6．（1分）A. He learns it on his own.B. He starts playing guitar quite early.C. He processes the basic ideas himselfD. He finds a tutor to teach him.7．（1分）A. The bus to the department store.B. The route for the No. 6 Bus.C. The bus sent off by the store.D. The rules to take the No. 6 Bus.8．（1分）A. The man's eyes are infected when swimming.B. The man can't swim before his eyes are cured.C. The woman persuades the man into quitting swimming.D. The woman gives the man suggestions to protect his eyes.9．（1分）A. Because his boss is very strict.B. Because he has some work problems.C. Because his boss assigned him many projects.D. Because he had a hard time in sleeping.10．（1分）A. They are very convenient.B. They cost people much money.C. They take up people much time.D. They have both advantages and disadvantages.Section B （每题1分，共10分）Directions：In Section B，you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage and conversation，you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.11．（3分）（1）A. She was stuck in dense fog.B. She was too old to swim for a long time.C. She had been swimming for too long.D. She suffered a lot for the sea water was icy.（2）A. She was too tired to persist in swimming.B. The fog was too dense to make her see her goal.C. The water was cold enough to defeat her.D. She was persuaded by her mother and her trainer.（3）A. She swam across the Catalina Channel.B. She insisted on her dream.C. She convinced others' suspicion.D. She eliminated discrimination against women.12．（3分）（1）A. They provide a variety of subjects in their courses.B. They award most degrees online to their students.C. They ensure students to improve their language skills.D. They have met certain standards of excellence.（2）A. They are addicted to computer.B. They lack human interaction.C. They are reluctant to meet people.D. They need physical exercises.（3）A. His financial situation.B. His schedule arrangement.C. His interpersonal competence.D. His social activities.13．（4分）（1）A. They are complaining about the college life.B. They are planning ways to improve study.C. They are discussing ways to relax themselves.D. They are talking about their study here.（2）A. It is more informative to study here.B. The students are asked to read more.C. The students need to keep up with others.D. It is more difficult to get used to the life here.（3）A. Because she doesn't plan to deal with the problem.B. Because she is puzzled by the way to write her essay.C. Because she is involved too much in planning her essay.D. Because she must attend too many lectures for study.（4）A. The lectures can't make any sense for him.B. The subjects aren't related to the lectures.C. The lecturers can't attract students.D. The subjects are too boring to be presented.II. Vocabulary （每题1 分，共10 分）Directions：After reading the passage below，fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more Qian you need.14．（10分）A. secureB. reinforcedC. tributeD. tragicallyE. leadingF. respectedG. formH. actingI.honor J. incorporate K. unexpectedlyMy application essay to BrownCovid﹣19 is a very destructive respiratory disease that has caused much pain and suffering for millions of people around the world. Although my heart grieves for all the lives lost，each of us has suffered in our own unique ways. For me，that suffering took the（1）of not getting an opportunity to play the lead in our spring drama，which was，so （2），cancelled.As a sophomore，my efforts to（3）the role of the wrongly accused Desdemona in William Shakespeare's important play "Othello" were thwarted. Our drama coach，Ms.Wilkie，told me during the audition process that sophomores would be considered for（4）roles，but the parts of Othello，Iago，and Desdemona all went to upperclassmen，even though none of them had taken private（5）classes，as I have，with Leonard Michaels at the Willows Dramatic Academy for Young Performers.This experience taught me that authority figures do not always have "the answers，" a lesson （6）when Dr. Anthony Fauci，who is a very（7）medical adviser to many Presidents of the United States of America，said at first that masks should not be worn but then said that they should.Should I have the great（8）of studying at the Department of Theatre Arts and Performance Studies at Brown University，I vow to（9）the suffering of this past year into my art as a（n）（10）to all those，including myself who have experienced such tremendous loss.It is believed that the immortal bard，William Shakespeare，said，"Instead of weeping when a tragedy occurs in a songbird its life，it sings away its grief". My time at Brown will be my chance to "sing away grief，" except that，unlike the tragedies of Shakespeare and other playwrights，my tragedy is real and therefore more tragic.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （每题1分，共30分）Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.（A）15．（15分）Making predictions hinders the brain's ability to remember the present moment，new research suggests. The hippocampus，a brain structure usually （1）with remembering events，also uses experiences to make forecasts （neuroscientists call this "statistical learning"）. （2）scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated that the latter function can disrupt the former.Researchers showed participants a series of photographs on a screen without telling them that some image categories always（3）others：mountains always came immediately after beaches，for example. The subjects were intended to（4）learn these associations and begin to expect these pairings. Later，the participants were shown the same photos again，mixed in with new examples，and were asked if they had （5）any of them before. They accurately recalled seeing（6）images at a much better rate than the "predictive" ones （like the beach pictures）.The scientists repeated this process while scanning participants' brains with functional MRI. Each image category prompted a distinct neural activity pattern，and the （7）for "predictable" categories were seen in the hippocampus when the corresponding predictive category was displayed.（8），this effect's strength in fMRI corresponded inversely with participants，memory task scores. "The more evidence for prediction we saw，the（9）their memory was. for those predictive items，" such as a particular beach scene，says study lead author and Yale University cognitive neuro scientist Brynn Sherman. This suggests that predictive images triggered the hippocampus to shift gears toward（10）﹣and away from encoding a new memory.The study is among the first to demonstrate how making predictions（11）human memory. Scientists previously suspected that the hippocampus had a role in statistical learningbut had not known how it（12）with memory formation. "This paper is a really nice demonstration of the（13）where the hippocampus is doing both these things，" says University of Virginia cognitive neuroscientist Nicole Long，who was not involved in the research.The team says this trade﹣off occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of the same（14）pathways. In the paper，the authors compare it with "using one's right foot to operate both the brake and gas pedals in a car... but not both at the same time." This setup could prevent memory redundancies and thus （15）brainpower，Sherman says：a successful prediction would contain the same information as an actual outcome.The brain circuitry that makes all this possible still requires further research，Long says. For instance，she wonders how much repetition is needed before the hippocampus shifts from recording to predicting and whether it is possible to train the structure to improve both modes in tandem.（1）A. concerned B. interfered C. involved D. associated（2）A. Therefore B. But C. Moreover D. While（3）A. resembled B. followed C. paralleled D. mirrored（4）A. consequently B. voluntarily C. subconsciously D. gradually（5）A. sought B. spotted C. enlightened D. witnessed（6）A. random B. previous C. supernatural D. magical（7）A. memories B. messages C. images D. patterns（8）A. Meanwhile B. Likewise C. Moreover D. Still（9）A. better B. more C. worse D. shorter（10）A. forgetfulness B. prevention C. prediction D. intention（11）A. relates B. enhances C. strengthens D. affects（12）A. interacts B. deals C. originates D. experiments （13）A. compromise B. relationship C. approach D. performance （14）A. systematical B. biological C. intellectual D. emotional（15）A. observe B. preserve C. reserve D. conserve 16．（15分）The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like 'Palaeolithic Man'，'Neolithic Man'，etc.，neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century，they will surely choose the（1）'Legless Man'. （2）of the time will go something like this：'in the twentieth century，people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars，buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to （3）people walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn't use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways，ski﹣lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were spoiled by the （4）of large car parks.'The future history books might also record that we were （5）of the use of our eyes.In our hurry to get from one place to another，we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird's﹣eye view of the world ﹣or less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a（6）image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers，（7），are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on：they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways，or what？And as for sea travel，it hardly deserves mention，It is perfectly（8）in the words of the old song：'I joined the navy to see the world，and what did I see？I saw the sea.' The typical twentieth ﹣century traveler is the man who always says 'I've been there.' You mention the remotest，most evocative place﹣names in the world like El Dorado，Kabul，Irkutsk and someone is（9）to say 'I've been there' meaning，'I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else.'When you travel at high speeds，the present means （10）：you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place.But actual arrival，when it is （11），is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this，you （12）all experience；the present ceases to be a reality. The traveler on foot，on the other hand，lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and（13）are one and the same thing：he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes，his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical（14）. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his：the just （15）of all true travelers.（1）A. title B. nickname C. term D. label（2）A. Folks B. Inscriptions C. Histories D. Documents （3）A. facilitate B. relieve C. prevent D. motivate（4）A. area B. presence C. comfort D. alternative（5）A. assured B. deprived C. convinced D. denied（6）A. unique B. picturesque C. passing D. blurred（7）A. in particular B. for instance C. on the other hand D. as a result（8）A. acted as B. summed up C. reflected on D. set up（9）A. ready B. reluctant C. bound D. thrilled（10）A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing（11）A. achieved B. administrated C. processed D. declared（12）A. expand B. suspend C. adventure D. depict（13）A. exercising B. relaxing C. arriving D. judging（14）A. initiation B. currency C. relief D. weariness（15）A. reward B. award C. demand D. evaluation Section B （每题2分，共24分）Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）Which is safer﹣staying at home，traveling to work on public transport，or working in the office？Surprisingly，each of these carries the same risk，which is very low.However，what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry？Unfortunately，the former is 65 times riskier than the latter!In fact，the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is lessthan that of almost any of human activity，and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby.It is this that makes chemical accidents so newsworthy.Fortunately they are extremely rare.The most famous ones happened at Texas City （1947），Flixborough（1974），Seveso （1976），Pemex （1984）and Bhopal （1984）.Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small.No one died at Seveso，and only 28 workers at Flixborough.The worst accident of all was Bhopal，where up to 3，000 were killed.The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552.The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives，just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger.Thus the Texas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate （硝酸铵），which is safe unless stored in great quantity.The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management，which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs.The Seveso accident shows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep.When the poisonous gas drifted over the town，local leaders were incapable of taking effective action.The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb.The fire set off a chain reaction of exploding storage tanks.Yet，by a miracle，the two Largest tanks did not explode.Had these caught fire，then 3，000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.（1）Which of the following statements is true？A.Working at the office is safer than staying at home.B.Travelling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.C.Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.D.Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.（2）Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news because.A.they are very rareB.they often cause loss of lifeC.they always occur in big citiesD.they arouse the interest of all the readers（3）From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of.A.natural gas，which can easily catch fireB.fertilizer，which can't be stored in a great quantityC.poisonous substance，which can't be used in overcrowded areasD.fuel，which is stored in large tanks（4）From the discussion among some experts we may conclude that.A.natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safeB.to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industryC.all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measures had beentakenD.the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemical industry 18．（6分）If scientists could create a pill that let you live twice as long while remaining free of diseases，would you take it？If one considers only the personal benefits that longer life would bring，the answer might seem like a no﹣brainer：People could spend more time with loved ones；watch future generations grow up；learn new languages or try different careers.But what about society as a whole？Would it be better off if life span were doubled？The question is of growing importance，and serious debate about it goes back a few years to the Kronos Conference on Longevity Health Sciences in Arizona. Gregory Stock，director of the Program on Medicine，Technology，and Society at UCLA's School of Public Health，answered the question with a firm "Yes". A doubled lifespan，Stock said，would "give us a chance to recover from our mistakes，lead us towards longer﹣term thinking and delay the start of expensive diseases of aging. It would also raise productivity through adding to our prime years."Callahan，a co﹣founder of the Hastings Center in New York，didn't share Stocks enthusiasm. For one thing，he said，doubling life spans won't solve any of our current social problems. "We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I don't think any of them would be at all helped if people lived longer，Callahan said in a telephone interview，"The question is，'What will we get as a society？' I suspect it won't be a better society？"Others point out that a doubling of the human lifespan will affect society at every level.Ideas about marriage and work will change in fundamental ways，they say，as will attitudes toward the young and the old.（1）In Paragraph 2，"a no﹣brainer" most probably refers to.A. something coming to mind naturallyB. someone unwilling to thinkC. something difficult to bear in mindD. someone having a low IQ（2）According to Stock，a doubled lifespan would result in people.A. thinking less frequentlyB. having fewer diseases of agingC. making more mistakesD. working productively longer（3）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？A. Aging：Burden or TreasureB. Base of Society：the Old or the YoungC. Longer Lives：For or AgainD. A Doubled Lifespan：Possible or Not19．（10分）It was a ruling that had consumers seething with anger and many a free trader crying foul. On November 20th the European Court of Justice decided that Tesco， a British supermarket chain，should not be allowed to import jeans made by America's Levi Strauss from outside the European Union and sell them at cut﹣rate prices without getting permission first from the jeans maker. Ironically，the ruling is based on an EU trademark directive that was designed to protect local，not American，manufacturers from price dumping. The idea is that any brand﹣owning firm should be allowed to position its goods and segment its markets as it sees fit：Levi's jeans，just like Gucci handbags，must be allowed to be expensive.Levi Strauss persuaded the court that，by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas，Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands﹣which could only lead to less innovation and，in the long run，would reduce consumer choice. Consumergroups and Tesco say that Levi's case is specious. The supermarket argues that it was just arbitraging the price differential between Levi's jeans sold in America and Europe﹣a service performed a million times a day in financial markets，and one that has led to real benefits for consumers. Tesco has been selling some 15，000 pairs of Levi's jeans a week，for about half the price they command in specialist stores approved by Levi Strauss. Christine Cross，Tesco's head of global non﹣food sourcing，says the ruling risks "creating a Fortress Europe with a vengeance".The debate will rage on，and has implications well beyond casual clothes（Levi Strauss was joined in its lawsuit by Zino Davidoff，a perfume maker）. The question at its heart is not whether brands need to control how they are sold to protect their image，but whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this. Gucci，an Italian clothes label whose image was being destroyed by loose licensing and over﹣exposure in discount stores，saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third﹣party suppliers，controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut﹣price Gucci anywhere.Brand experts argue that Levi Strauss，which has been losing market share to hipper rivals such as Diesel，is no longer strong enough to command premium prices. Left to market forces，so﹣so brands such as Levi's might well lade away and be replaced by fresher labels. With the courts protecting its prices，Levi Strauss may hang on for longer. But no court can help to make it a great brand again.（1）Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 1？A. Consumers and free traders were very angry.B. Only the Levi's maker can decide the prices of the jeans.C. The ruling has protected Levi's from price dumping.D. Levi's jeans should be sold at a high price.（2）The underlined word "specious"（paragraph 2）in the context probably means.A. responsible for oneselfB. having too many doubtsC. not as it seems to beD. raising misunderstanding（3）Gucci's success shows that.A. Gucci has successfully saved its own image.B. It has changed its fate with its own effort.C. Opening its own stores is the key to success.D. It should be the court's duty to save its image.（4）According to the passage，the doomed fate of Levi's is caused by such factors except that.A. the rivals are competitiveB. it fails to command premium pricesC. market forces have their own rulesD. the court fails to give some help（5）The author's attitude towards Levi's prospect seems to be.A. biasedB. indifferentC. puzzlingD. objectiveSection C （每题2分，共8分）Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．（8分）A. In urban apartments，rooms are commonly multifunctional.B. More homeowners may feel readier to spend more time hanging out with friends in theirown appealing lounges.C. The programme is more of a show than one on thoughtful redesign.D. DIY shoppers collect tips from internet forums and online "housewarmings" on social﹣media sites such as Instagram.E. Among an economic decline，city﹣dwelling South Koreans are seeking comfort in theirnarrow flats.F. The new show tailors interior designs to a family's problems：an uncommunicative teen，ora retired father who lacks authority.Television shows on interior design are bringing down the houseA wife and daughter arrive home to their living room transformed：Daddy is sitting in asoundproof room，playing his guitar. He offers his shocked wife a drink at his new bar，and delightedly shows off his table﹣football skills. He is the star of a recent episode of "Macho House"，a new television show that creates dream spaces for South Korean men.（1）. But it taps into a growing desire among South Koreans to rearrange their private living spaces. At first sight that is surprising for a nation that spends more hours at office desks than any other among rich countries. Yet in a recent poll by a local market researcher，over half said they had spent more time at home in the past year due to "growing social anxieties".Jipbang ﹣"house broadcasts" that often weave tips on design makeovers with advice for unhappy inhabitants ﹣promote a new approach to domestic well﹣being. "Let Me Beautify Your Home" is a spin﹣off of "Let Me In"，a controversial series that offered radical plastic surgery as a cure for misery. （2）. It suggests，for example，new divisions to create privacy or to force all family members to pass through a shared living space in order to get to their bedrooms. In "Old House，New House"，two teams of experts compete to rebuilda celebrity's house，recreated in a studio.Disorder is a big theme. Designers pride themselves on ideas for storing things，such as under sofas. They regularly suggest ways of creating what for some is their first experience ofa room dedicated just to accommodating a Western﹣style bed. （3）. A bedroom might，once a sleeping mattress is rolled up，turn into a tea﹣room by day Oddly，given the state of the economy，sales at a home﹣furnishings store，rose by nearly a third last year compared with 2014. （4）. These involve the sharing of photos of restored flats：in South Korea people "bangstagram" after the word for "room".Section A （每题1分，共10分）Directions：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，useone word that best fits each blank.21．（10分）The Suez Canal，（1）it currently exists，is a 193﹣kilometer artificial waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea at Port Said to the Red Sea at Port Tewfik.This waterway connects the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in a way that doesn't require a ship heading between Europe and Asia（2）go around Africa or wait for the ice to melt in the Arctic.The canal also，unlike the Panama Canal，has no locks at all，making it（3）（easy）for some of the world's ships to slip right through and for the canal（4）（expand），should the Egyptian government prioritize such a project.As tough as it may have been to build a canal （5）this scale，the Suez Canal was far from the first of its kind of area. In fact a canal of this sort was first attempted by Egypt in the 19th century BC，under the rule of Middle Kingdom pharaoh Senusret Ⅱ. A canal was reportedly later opened by the time of the Islamic Caliphates but it was reportedly closed in the 8th century AD. That combined with the Red Sea gradually receding away from what are now the Bitter Lakes（6）（cause）the canal to fade into disuse.In the following decades，a railway was set up between Alexandria and Suez but this wasn't good enough for global trade，so guess what they thought of？That's right，（7）canal!Construction broke ground in 1859 and took ten years（8） a grand total of over1.5 million workers throughout the decade.The area，seeing virtually immediate success，（9）（declare）in the Constantinople Convention to be an international zone under British protection. This（10）play a pivotal part in the World Wars，and also contribute to conflict between Britain and Egypt in the Suez Crisis.Section B （每题2分，共20分）Directions：Complete the following sentences with the help of the Chinese given.22．（2分）The time will come（旧制度被粉碎、被摧毁）. 23．（2分）Don't hurt over and over again（那些能容忍你最糟糕的一面的人）.24．（2分）（不久他就被对手赶上before），which caused great anxiety。
上海市金山中学2020学年高二英语下学期期中试题
金山中学2020学年度第二学期高二年级英语学科期中考试卷（考试时间：120分钟满分：150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening Comprehension（30分）Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 4:45 B. 5:15 C.5:50 D. 5:452. A . At home. B. In a restaurant.C. In a car.D. On the street.3. A. Colleagues. B. Husband and wife.C. Employer and employee.D. Mother and son4. A. Listening to some loud music. B. Testing the earphon es.C. Talking loudly on the phone .D. Preparing for the speech contest.5. A. Pick up his son from school. B. Meet the woman in her office.C. Work on a report.D. Prepare dinner for his son.6. A. She discussed the sports program with Mr. Wright.B. She is about to call Mr. Wright’s secretary.C. She will see Mr. Wright at lunch time.D. She failed to reach Mr. Wright.7. A. To find out more about the topic for the conference.B. To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.C. To get the conference schedule for the woman.D. To pick up the woman from the library.8. A. It can stand any crash. B. It is not as good as hers.C. It was once damaged.D. It is kept in good condition.9. A. She has been warmed to improve her working efficiency.B. She has been fired because of her poor performance.C. She has been promoted to a well-paid position.D. She has been dismissed due to the economic crisis.10. A. More sleep can get the man back onto the right track.B. Tiredness is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.C. The man should spend more time outdoors.D. People tend to work longer hours with artificial lighting.Section BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To work for Mr. Brown. B. To bake cakes.C. To take a training course.D. To go to Paris.12. A. By taking a cooking test.B. By writing to Mr. Brown.C. By making a delicious cake.D. By having baking experience.13. A. Popular. B. Optimistic. C. Experienced. D. Ambitious.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Great market demands for online buying.B. Benefits for businessmen and consumers.C. Group buying online——a new shopping model.D. Discounts and good services available online.15. A. By purchasing cheaper goods.B. By inviting others to buy together.C. By providing personal information publicly.D. By checking the conditions of sales carefully.16. A. Consumers g ain more benefits than merchants.B. There are many problems in group buying online.C. The group buying business is now in good condition.D. Group buying helps merchants to sell more products.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on you answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Tom’s mood: He is ____17_____.The object broken by Tom: A ____18____.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and Vocabulary.（26分）Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The problem with much mobile technology is that it’s not really designed to be used while you’re actually mobile. The human brain can only pay attention to about three things at a time—— and concentrate effectively on just one of them. Even though the consequences of smart phone distractionare sometimes ____25____(amuse), they can also be serious.The number of children ____26____(admit) to hospitals after accidents in public playgrounds has climbed by about a third in five years, according to NHS data. Experts in both Britain and the US, ____27____ a similar rise has occurred suggest some of the increase may be a result of parents being too distracted by their phones ____28____ (take) care of their children properly.And now comes evidence showing that 11-year-old children are three times more likely to be hurt or seriously injured on the way to and from school than 10-year-old, since 11 is the average age at whic h children receive their first mobile phone, six times more likely to send a test ___29____ it happens.___30___ quarter of children surveyed admitted that they had been distracted by personal technology while crossing the road. “There is,”the report concluded, “a clear connection __31__ the use of technology and time of serious accidents with children.”（B）DC Hilton was one of the first Americans to find out that there was money to be made in the middle of the night. 52 years ago he bought a small restaurant on US highway 69, in Oklahoma. His main customers were truck drivers and traveling salesmen who drank coffee and ate cheeseburgers when they stopped ___32___(break) their journey.It was they ____33____ first tried to persuade Hilton to remain open all night. ___34___(think) about it for a while, he suddenly made up his mind. He took the door key and threw it across the road. He hasn’t closed the door ever since.Over the years his simple burger café has been expanded ____35____ a24-hour roadside empire, with a 100-seat restaurant, a petrol station, a mini shopping market, a car park for mobile homes and all-night self-help laundry.Hilton was a pioneer in a 24-hour working trend, ___36___ has now caught on around the world. Today not only restaurants but also banks, supermarkets, mail-order firms, travel agencies and many other businesses are beginning to be open all night. But is this really a good thing?So far, a lot of research __37____(do) in America on the effect of 24-hour working, and there is growing concern about the long-term dangers of society that doesn’t sleep. Americans are said to be sleeping 20% less than ___38___ did 100 years ago, and 55% claim to suffer at least occasionally from over-tiredness. Several of the ___39___(bad) man-made disasters happened in the last few hours before dawn, when even the most experienced night-worker has difficulty ___40___(stay) awake.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Many of us grow up dreaming of becoming an astronaut. Ever wonder what it takes to be one？Take NASA for example.In order to catch NASA’s eye, would-be astronauts must not only stand out in required skills and pass physical and psychological exams, but also find unique ways to ___41___ them selves from the harsh competition.NASA’s requirements for becoming an astronaut have changed over the years. Originally, it ___42___ candidates with a military flight background, with at least 1000 hours spent in command of a jet aircraft. In 1978, however, NASA ___43___ its focus to a more varied group of astronauts: scientists and engineers with at least three years of experience in their respective fields.During the years of shuttle missions, everyone had a ___44___: some would focus on robotics, others on spacewalks or maintenance. To walk on the space station, astronauts must be able to perform all tasks, which encourage ___45___ to acquire different experiences. Jeanette Epps, an astronaut, studied aerospace engineering, worked at Ford Motor Company and took a job with the CIA before joining NASA, She says astronauts’ varied backgrounds __46____ to their ability to adapt and learn anything quickly.After ensuring that candidates are U.S citizens and that they satisfy ___47___ education and experience requirements, the selection committee enters a gray area. “We’re not really looking for one thing, just a good mix of things,”said Duane Ross, the manager for astronaut candidate selection and training.To the committee, candidates who take on ___48___ outside of the workplace demonstrate curiosity and energy. Many astronauts who don’t have a military background do hold a(n)__49____ piloting license. Some are enthusiastic mountain climbers, scuba divers or skiers. Other are musicians, dancers, or play competitive sports. Choosing to __50____ themselves to different, extreme environments counts as another way to stand out from the crowd.III Reading Comprehension（39分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Specialists say that it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock” is the term these specialists ____51____ when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. There are three stages of culture shock, say the specialists. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience ____52____, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the ____53____ stage, the newcomers begin to adjust to their surroundings and, as a result, ____54____ their life more.There are some obvious factors in culture shock. The weather may be ____55____. The customs may be different. The public ____56____ systems—the telephone, post office, or transportation—may be difficult to work out. The most simple things seem to be big ___57_____. The language may be difficult.Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock ____58____ most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who ____59____ had any difficulties in their home countries and were successful in their community. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same ___60_____ positions. They find themselves without a role, ____61____ without an identity. They have to build a new self-image.Culture shock gives rise to a feeling of disorientation (迷惘). Thisfeeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying ___62_____ all the time. They want to protect themselves for the strange environment, and create an escape inside their room for a sense of ____63____. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the ____64____ term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and ____65____ experience—these are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock.51. A. discover B. spend C. know D. use52. A. comes B. dies C. appears D. misses53. A. key B. second C. different D. last54. A. satisfy B. realize C. enjoy D. find55. A. unpleasant B. lovely C. warm D. reliable56. A. service B. society C. communication D. relation57. A. things B. ones C. problems D. questions58. A. exhausts B. surprises C. ruins D. meets59. A. seldom B. ever C. once D. always60. A. correct B. central C. competitive D. established61. A. almost B. nearly C. hardly D. mostly62. A. outside B. inside C. alone D. sleeping63. A. safety B. silence C. lonelinessD. regret64. A. long B. short C. full D. fixed65. A. gaining B. offering C. making D. providingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“It seems likely that a caged elephant would miss the wilderness it was born into.” A six-year study revealed.British and Canadian scientists studied 4500 elephants in European zoos and compared them with elephants living in the wild. They found that wild elephants are healthier, live longer and reproduce more than those elephants in zoos.When it comes to living in a zoo, “many species do well but elephants don’t,” said Georgia Mason, one of the researchers of the study. Many animals live longer in zoos than they do in the wild. This isn’t surprising when you consider that zoo animals are not threatened by predators(掠食者), always have plenty to ea t, and have professionals on hand to care for them.When it comes to elephants, however, the situation is different. The world’s largest land animals live much longer in the wild than they do in zoos.Female African elephants born in zoos live on average for 17 years, while those in the wild make it to 56. “So far,” says Mason, “We’ve got 300 African elephants in zoos in Europe, and not one’s yet reached 50.”Asian elephants are the more endangered of the two elephant species. They live for about 19 years in captivity(圈养) compared to 42 years in the wild.A few wild Asian elephants have even made it into their 70s. In Kenya, 30 to 50 percent of wild elephants reach 50 years of age.Fatness and stress are likely causes for the giant land animals’ early death in captivity, Mason said.The researchers say that zoos do not offer enough space for animals that can travel as far as 48 kilometers a day. Too little exercise and too much food means captive elephants put on extra weight. The weight gain can lead to heart disease and other health problems.Being “caged” is bad for health, not only for elephants, but also for humans. Be careful not to become a “caged elephant”!66. Many animals live longer in zoos owing to the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.A. they are far away from the danger of being eatenB. they can be in a better mood thereC. they needn’t worry about their food at allD. they are taken good care of67. Which of the following may probably result in the early death of elephants in zoos?A. Stress and lack of delicious food.B. Loneliness and little space for activities.C. Lack of delicious food and enough exercise.D. Being stressed and over weight.68. What can be concluded from the passage?A. Zoos are not suitable for animals to live in.B. None of the animals live well in zoos due to lack of exercise.C. Compared with the elephants in zoos, wild elephants are healthier.D. Asian elephants can live longer than African elephants in zoos.69. What is the passage mainly about?A. The living conditions of animals in the world are worsening.B. Elephants can live a longer time in the wild than in zoos.C. All of us should take action to protect wild elephants.D. The places where wild elephants live are being damaged seriously.(B)When I was young, it wasn’t the parental love that filled my thoughts in the spring. It was baseball.I loved everything about the game — the crack of a bat, the excitement of chasing a ground ball across short green grass, even watching the games on our old black-and-white TV. Yet looking back now, nothing was quite as important to me as the annual ritual (老规矩) of playing catch with my dad.Dad was never much of a baseball fan, but as green leaves began to shoot on bare branches and warmth returned to the air, he would grab his old mitt (棒球手套) and head out to the yard with me just the same. There was something beneficial about playing catch with him, the hum of the ball as it sailed through the air, and the friendly pop as it hit the leather netting. We may have been 50 feet apart, but the flight of that ball connected us, formingas strong a relationship as any father-son talk ever could have.I was never the star of my Little League team, yet Dad never cared about that. Every year, he would be out there, waiting to field any false throw I sent his way.As I grew older, I realized that our game was a reflection of our relationship —that even if a problem didn’t involve a glove and a ball, Dad would always be there to handle anything I threw in his direction. His devotion to our springtime ritual showed his devotion to me — not only to my love of baseball but also to my life.I’ve often heard it said that “the devil is in the details.” Now I realize that in my relationship with my father, love was in the details.70. When the author was young, he didn’t care much about _______.A.the sound of hitting a ballB. the company of his fatherC.the joy of running after a ballD. the gamesbroadcast on TV71. The author’s father practiced catching baseball with him on warm spring days, ________.A.having a father-son conversation with himB.killing time while doing some physical exerciseC.making him an excellent baseball playerD.giving him a guiding hand in his life72. We can learn from the passage that ________.A. a yearly celebration was held to start their spring baseball catchingritualB.the author and his father used to have a loose relationship with eachotherC.the author fully realized his father’s love for him when he was youngD.the author’s father always stood by him whenever he was in trouble73. What is the passage mainly about?A.The same hobby shared between the author and his father.B.The way the author and his father used to spend spring days.C.The author’s sweet memory of his father’s love for him.D.The analysis made by the author about father-son relationship.(C)The death of languages is not a new phenomenon. Languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. Only a few, including Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Latin, have lasted more than 2,000 years.What is new, however, is the speed at which they are dying out. Europe’s colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 percent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century.The rise of nation-states has also been decisive in selecting and consolidating national languages and sidelining others. By making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and the civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages.This process of linguistic standardizatio n has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge. Monolingualism became an ideal.More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the spread of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified（强化）the threat to “small” languages. A language not on the Internet is a language that “no longer exists” in the modern world. It is out of the game.The serious effects of the death of languages are evident. First of all, it is possible that if we all ended up speaking the same language, our brains would lose some of their natural capacity for linguistic inventive ness. We would never be able to figure out the origins of human language or resolve the mystery of “the first language”. As each language dies, a chapter of human history closes.Multilingualism is the most accurate reflection of multiculturalism. The destruction of the first will inevitably lead to the loss of the second. Imposing a language without any links to a people’s culture and way of lif e stifles the expression of their collective（集体的） genius. A language is not only used for the main instrument of human communication. It also expresses the world vision of those who speak it, their imagination and their ways of using knowledge. To safeguard languages is an urgent matter.74. Which of the following does not contribute to the death of languages?A. Colonial conquests of Europe.B. The boom of human population.C. Advances in science and industrialization.D. The rise of nation-states.75. Wh at does the underlined word “stifles” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?A. boosts.B. fuelsC. imposes.D. kills76. The serious effects of the death of languages include all except that____________.A. people would fail to understand how languages originated.B. language diversity would become an obstacle to globalization.C. monolingualism would lead to the loss of multiculturalism.D. human brains would become less creative linguistically.77. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A. To explain the reasons why languages are dying out.B. To warn people of the negative aspects of globalization.C. To call people’s attention to the urgency of language preservation.D. To argue how important it is for people to speak more languages.Section C （8分）Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words.Millions of personal computers across the world are running at this moment, but most are using just a fraction of their full capacity to process information. Imagine what could happen if the spare power of these millions of machines were used to solve global problems.The organization Charity Engine attempts to do just that. It enables researchers and companies to use the extra computing power of thousands of personal computers. These companies pay a usage fee that goes to carefully selected charities.The computersCharity Engine offers a free app that has the user’s computer do research as a background task. The program runs automatically, without direction from the user. Each computer works on a small chunk of a larger project and sendsback its results. The results are combined to answer the researchers’ questions.The researchersCharity Engine mostly uses its computing power for companies doing scientific, medical or commercial research. For example, Rosetta@home attempts to help find cures for serious diseases by discovering the shapes of proteins. Another project, Einstein@Home, tests scientific theories. And another helps establishments in Africa such as universities search for ways to fight the spread of malaria.The CharitiesCharity Engine gives 50 percent of the profits from renting out com puting power to various charities. Each organization it supports has a good reputation for working in an area of vital importance. Most of them seek to address the primary causes of poverty while bringing short-term relief. These include Oxfam, a network of organizations in 94 countries. Another is CARE International, one of the three largest international aid agencies, which works in 87 countries. Charity Engine also supports Doctors Without Borders, which supplies medical care, and WaterAid, which provides safe water and promotes hygiene (卫生) in developing countries. Another of its charities, Sightsavers, works to prevent and reverse blindness through medical treatments and provides training for the blind. Charity Engine helps many other organizations as well.An added bonusCharity Engine returns the other 50 percent of its earnings to the people who made it all possible. The app users are entered into draws. Chosen at random, the winners receive thousands of dollars in prizes!Thanks to Charity Engine, computing power that would have gone to wasteis fighting poverty and bringing healing and hope.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What does Charity Engine help companies do?________________________________________________________________________ ______79. How does Charity Engine spend its earnings?________________________________________________________________________ _______80. The computers selected by Charity Engine help researchers and companies through________________________________________________________________________ ______.81. According to the passage, besides many organizations, Charity Engine mostly supports ________________________________________________________________________ ______.第II卷(共47分)I Translation （22分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 每天早上大声读英语对于我们学习语言很有帮助。