第二讲 主谓一致(高考英语语法复习)
高考英语语法之主谓一致的用法总结
高考英语语法之主谓一致的用法总结主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
它是英语语法中的重要内容，正确使用主谓一致有助于提高语言表达的准确性和流畅性。
下面是主谓一致的用法总结。
1.单数主语搭配单数谓语：- 例如：He runs every morning.- 主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即动词加“-s”或者“-es”。
2.复数主语搭配复数谓语：- 例如：They run every morning.- 主语为复数时，谓语动词不加“-s”或者“-es”。
3.并列主语搭配复数谓语：- 例如：Tom and Jerry are good friends.- 并列主语由连词“and”连接时，谓语动词用复数形式。
4.具体时间表达式中的单数主语搭配复数谓语：- 例如：Three days is enough.-具体时间表达式中的单数主语搭配复数谓语，常以复数形式表示。
5.集体名词的单数形式搭配单数谓语，但根据语境决定单复数：6. 由"one of + 复数名词"引导的主语，谓语动词用复数形式：- 例如：One of the students have won scholarships. (学生中有人获得了奖学金。
）- 此处的one of the students表示“其中一位学生”，主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
7.有些名词既可以作单数，又可以作复数，谓语动词根据意思决定单复数形式：- 例如：The news is interesting. (这个新闻很有趣。
）- 例如：The news are good. (这些消息很好。
）- 此处的news是一个例子，作为可数名词时，可以看作单数或复数，谓语动词根据意思决定单复数形式。
8. 在there be句型中- 例如：There is a cat on the table. (桌子上有一只猫。
）- 例如：There are two cats on the table. (桌子上有两只猫。
高考英语语法：主谓一致
高考英语语法：主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致(或叫形式一致)，意义一致或就近一致①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或两个以上的主语,谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致分述1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用第三人称单数a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.b. Nobody knows the answer.有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 若不定代词所指为单数意义, 谓语用单数; 若不定代词所指为复数意义, 谓语用复数. 这类词有: all, some, any, more, most, half 等a. All are happy to hear the news.b. All that has to be done has been done.c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.d. Half of the wood has been carried away.2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy,government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数, 若看成其中的成员(个体), 则谓语动词用复数a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数a. The police are looking for the thief.b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.3.代词none和neither作主语时, 谓语动词根据说话人的意思用单数或复数. 当说话人着眼于任何一个都不时, 谓语动词用单数; 当说话人着眼于全都不时, 谓语动词用复数a. None of them has a car. ( 他们没有一个人有汽车)b. None of them have a car. ( 他们都没有汽车)c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他们两个谁也不知道答案)d. None of them know the answer. ( 他们两个都不知道答案)4.bothand连接两个主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数. eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut 连接两个主语时, 采取就近原则, 即谓语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.5.在There be和Here be结构中, 句子的主语在be之后, 如果主语不止一个, 那么谓语动词be与邻近的主语一致a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.6.如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besi des, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的形式只与主语有关, 而与其后的短语无关a. The teacher with three student s was in the classroom then.b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.7.表示时间, 长度, 距离, 金额, 价值, 重量, 容量等的复数名词作主语时, 通常作整体看待, 即表示总量或总和, 谓语动词用单数. 若把它们看作一个个的个体, 即强调其具体数量时, 谓语动词用复数形式a. Twenty years is a long time to us.b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.d. There are ten minutes left.8.在四则运算中, 谓语动词用单复数均可, 但单数形式更为多用a. Two and ten is / are twelve.b. Three times five is / are fifteen.9.动名词或动词不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.10.主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数. 但若主语从句所指的具体内容为复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数a. What we need is more time.b. What we need are more doctors.11.以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数, 这类专有名词如: General Motors(通用汽车公司), the United Nations(联合国), the United States, the New York Times(纽约时报)等.a. The New York Times is published daily.b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脉), the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the West Indies(西印度群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)12.有些形式为复数, 而意义为单数的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 这类名词如: news, works(工厂), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(数学 )等13.以-s或-es结尾, 由对称的两部分构成的物体作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 这类物体如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔裤), scissors(剪刀), shades(太阳镜)等. 如果这类名词前用了pair, 则谓语动词的数取决于pair的数a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.14. 分数或百分数+ of + 名词作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的可数与否采用单数或复数a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.b. 35 percent of the do ctors are women.c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.d. One third of the water has been wasted.15.用and连接两个或两个以上的单数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and f ork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)时, 则谓语动词用单数a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.16. the + adj.表示一类人或事物作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品质, 则谓语用单数a. The old in the city are taken good care of.b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美给我们以快乐17.more than one和many a + 单数名词作主语时, 谓语用单数a. Many a student has won the prize.很多学生获了奖b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。
高考英语复习：主谓一致课件
Examples
• He accompanied by me goes to see a film. • Nobody but you gets the bonus. • The teacher together with some students is
visiting the factory.
something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody, no one, nothing等做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 10.each ,either, neither, another, the other,(a) little,或 much做主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：Much of what you said is true.你所说的许多话是
4.one or two +复数名词 做主语时，谓语动词用复数。 One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一两个学生在种树。 5.两个或两个以上的主语从句，动词不定式，动词ing 形式作主语，表示两个或两个以上的概念或意义时，
语法一致
• 语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致 关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式； 反之，谓语动词用复数形式。
• My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me.
• 我的孩子不想与我一起度假。
• My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.
• Every man and every woman____(be) allowed.
高考英语主谓一致知识点总结
高考英语主谓一致知识点总结高考英语主谓一致知识1(一) 语法一致原则即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
高中英语主谓一致讲解
All of the apples ____rotten. are 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple ____rotten. is 整个苹果都烂了。
None of the money_____ left. is 没有剩下一点钱。 None of the students _____ there. is 没有学生在那里。
3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可 以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。 强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人 员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集 合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。
His family ____going out. is 他们全家要外出。 His family ____all music lovers. are 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。
1.
二、就近原则 either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句 子中连接主语的时候或者在there be 句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保 持一致。 nor I am wrong. Neither you There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
+ 名词 B 这样的结构做主语，谓语动词仅与 A 一致。 1>.Mary, together with her parents, ____________ has been to ----(去过) the Summer Palace twice. 2>.The teacher as well as her students ________ ----------fond of popular music very much. 3>. All but Tom _______________(know) the truth have known --so far.
高中英语2025届高考语法复习句法知识讲解(主谓一致+动词时态+助动词)
高考英语语法复习句法知识讲解一、主谓一致在英文中，谓语的形式要与主语保持一致。
比如，你、我、他是学生，中文“是”字是一样的，只有主语不同。
英文的动词要根据主语不同而改变：I am，you are，he is。
主谓一致有三大原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近一致。
（一）语法一致名词是单数，谓语动词是单数。
不可数名词、集体名词、动词不定式、动名词等，谓语动词也用单数。
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
The team is playing well. 这个团队表现得很好。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Swimming is good exercise. 游泳是一项很好的运动。
记住：绝大多数都用单数，只有明确的复数名词，谓语动词才用复数。
My parents are teachers. 我的父母都是老师。
The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子很合适。
鞋、裤子、眼镜，只能是复数，如果前面加上“一双”“一条”，后面的动词就是单数。
A pair of glasses is very expensive. 一副眼镜很贵。
要想搞清楚谓语用单数还是复数，一定要准确锁定主语。
All except me in my family are going to the park. 很显然，all才是真正的主语，所以是复数。
She as well as the other girls is reading a book. 在这里，She才是真正的主语，所以是单数。
"more than one +名词"作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
例如：More than one teacher gets the flowers."half of, the rest of, most of, all of, 百分数/分数+of +名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
高中英语主谓一致讲解(整理版)
一、主谓一致的基本概念
●定义：主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语动词在数、时态和形式上保持一致。
●功能：确保句子语法正确，意义清晰。
●主谓关系：主语与谓语之间存在逻辑关系，这种关系决定了谓语的形式。
二、主谓一致的主要规则
1.单数主语与谓语的一致
⏹第三人称单数主语使用单数形式的谓语动词。
⏹不可数名词作为主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理：如“either...or...”结构中，根据就近原则确定谓语的形式。
1.复数主语与谓语的一致
⏹复数主语使用复数形式的谓语动词。
⏹集合名词作为主语时，需要根据具体情况确定谓语的形式。
⏹特殊情况的处理：如“there be”结构中的主谓一致。
1.并列结构中的主谓一致
⏹并列结构中的主语和谓语动词需要保持形式上的平行。
⏹当并列结构中包含不同性质的成分时，需要根据语境和逻辑关系选择适当的谓语形式。
1.从句、不定式、动名词等作为主语时的主谓一致
⏹从句作为主语时，需要根据从句中的谓语动词选择适当的主语形式。
⏹不定式、动名词等非限定性结构作为主语时，谓语动词的形式选择需考虑语境和逻辑关系。
三、实践与练习
●练习题：提供一些练习题，帮助学生更好地理解和掌握主谓一致的规则。
●答案解析：对练习题进行详细的答案解析，帮助学生理解自己的错误，并给出正确的用法建议。
四、总结
对本次讲解的内容进行总结，强调主谓一致在英语语法中的重要性，并提醒学生注意常见的主谓一致错误。
二。名词和主谓一致(高考英语语法复习)
二．名词和主谓一致1.名词的数（1）.常见的不可数名词：advice.news.progress.money.furniture.fun.equipment.weather.luck rmation.bread.medicine.clothing.wealth. sope.rice这些词在使用中不可乱套汉语而使用复数或加不定冠词（2）.有些名词通常只用作复数。
如：glasses.clothes.trousers（裤子）.ashes(灰尘).congrstulations.in high spirit（以很高的热情）.It is good manners to do sth.（做某事有礼貌）（3）.有些名词既可以作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，但意义不同。
Workun.工作cn.作品，著作roomun.空间cn.房间Experience un.经验cn.经历paperun.纸cn.论文、试卷、文件（4）.名词的修饰词只能修饰可数名词的有：each,either,neither, another, these, Those,both, (a)few, several, many, agreat/good many, dozens of等只能修饰不可数名词的有：（a）little, much, a bit of, a great dealof, a large amount of 等。
既可修饰可数又可修饰不可数的有：some, any, half, most, all, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, quantities of 等。
2.名词的单复数（1）.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces(2).凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
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由“a lot of , (lots of, plenty of, the rest of ) +名词”
构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成
的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中
后面名词是否可数而定。
Three-fourths of the surface is sea .
问题7：
All but one_____here just now . (2019 NMET)
安徽省青阳中学 周美灵
主谓一致
在线课堂501/502班 2020.2.11
高考考点分析
1、用and连接两个并列成分； 2、介词with伴随主语； 3、就近原则； 4、各种代词的主谓一致; 5、短语和从句作主语； 6、定语从句中的主谓一致。
问题 1： When and where to build the new factory ____ yet. （NMET）
B) All that can be done has been done . All have gone to the park .
问题8：
He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years. (上海春季)
（一）谓语动词常用复数的情况
1）主语为复数名词或代词 The teachers are respected in the world.
2) 当people , police, cattle 等集体名词作主语，形式上 为单数而意义却是复数，谓语用复数
The police are looking for the sing child.
1．两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接， 谓语用复数．
Tom and Dick are good friends. 但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。
A singer and dancer was present at the party. The worker and writer is talking to the students。
A. is B .was C. have been ✓D. were
A) what, who, which, any, more, most, all 等代词可以是 单数也可是复数，主要依意思而定。 Which is your pen ? 哪是你的笔？ Which are your pens? 哪些是你们的笔？
either, neither, each, every或no + 单数名词和由 some, any, no, every 构成的不定代词都作单数看 待。 Each of us has a new pen . Everything that is around us is matter.
问题5：
The number of people invited _______ fifty, but
5) the+姓的复数形式表一家人
The Whites are going to make a trip to London. The Greens were watching TV when a fire broke out.
（二）谓语动词常用单数的情况
1）可数名词的单数及不可数名词作主语时。 2）表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作 主语，表达一个整体概念时。 Twenty years is only a short time in human history.
only…but also 连接的复合主语，其谓语与其相
邻的那个名词的数保持一致，即就近原则。
Eg. You or I am to be invited.
问题4：
Nobody but Jane _____the secret.
A. know ✓B. knows C. have known D. is known
A. need B. are needed C. is needed D✓. needs
2. What I say and think ____ no business of yours.
A. is B. are C. were ✓D. both A and B 当动名词短语、不定式短语和从句作主语时，谓语动 词用单数。如果用 and 连接两个从句或短语作主语，则 需看是表示一个整体还是不同的两件事。题（2）中的 “What I say and think” 既可理解为同一件事也可理解 为不同的两个动作。 （注意：从句作主语时有时需根据表语来定。）
A. is B. are C. have been ✓D. has been
who, which, that 作定语从句主语时，谓语取决于先行词 Those who want to go should sign your names here. He is one of the students who have passed the exam. He is the（only）one of the students who has passed
问题3：
Not only I but also Jane and Mary ___ tired of
having one examination after another.
A. is
✓B. are C. am D. be
以连词or, either…or , neither …nor, there be, not
a number of them ________ absent for different
reasons . (2019 NMET)
A. were, was
B. was , was
C✓. was, were
D. were; were.
a number of 表示“很多”的意思，修饰可数名词
的复数。The number of表示“数量，号码”作主
the exam.
问题9：
Mathematics ____ the language of science.
A✓. is B. are going to be C. are
以-ics结尾的学科名词，如“mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, 等，形式上为复数，实际为单数，它们作主语时， 其谓语动词要用单数形式。 另外：复数名词用作书，电影、戏剧、报刊、国家等名称 时，谓语动词用单数。 His “selected Poems”____ first published in 1965.
语，其谓语动词用单数形式。
问题6：
_____ of the southern hemisphere (南半球) _____
with water.
A. Four-five; is covered
✓B. Four-fifths; is covered
C. Four-fifth, are covered D. Four-fifths, are covered.
✓A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
这个句子看上去是and连接的两个并列短语充当主 语，本应用复数形式的谓语，但这两个短语表达 的是同一事件的两个方面，可以看成是一个整体， 因此使用单数的谓语动词；而从句意可判断此句 谓语动词需使用被动语态。
✓ A. were B. was C. has been
问题10：
His family ___ all football fans.
A. is B. has been C. are being D✓. are
集体名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；集体名词看 成个体，谓语用复数．但people, police, cattle等只能用 复数．
life.
2．用 and 连接的两个名词若被 no, each, every, many a, 修饰，则谓语用单数。(More than one + n. 谓语单数) No bird and no beast is seen in the bare island. Many a boy and many a girl has made such a funny experiment. At Christmas each boy and each girl is given a present. 3. 如果 and 后面加 no 或 not, 谓语也用单数形式， My friend, and not hers, is chosen to join the army. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
The cattle are kept in his farm. 3）山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的复数名词作主语。
The Olympic Games are held once every four years.
The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America
4）the+adj. 表示一类人 或物做主语时
如 the+
blind,deaf, living,dead,
wounded,poor,rich old, young等
The dead are soon forgotten. The rich are not always happy. Generally speaking the young are eager for success.
My family is a big family. My family are listening to the radio. The police are trying to catch the thief.