中国古代成语、典故的英文翻译技巧
汉语成语的英译技巧
汉语成语的英译技巧10级翻译一班1040501015 肖海丽摘要：成语是人们长期沿袭使用的、结构基本固定的短语或短句。
这些成语蕴涵着丰富的文化信息，并折射出东方民族独特的思维方式，同时汉语成语中有大量的历史典故和民间传说，因此汉语成语的翻译对传播中国文化、促进两国的交流起着至关重要的作用。
本文旨在通过用直译、音译、音译结合、套译、加注法和增译法来探讨汉语成语的翻译技巧。
关键字：汉语成语、翻译、技巧引言汉语成语有三大语言特色：形象鲜明，如“见风使舵”、“遍体鳞伤”、“笨鸟先飞”；常用典故，如“沉鱼落雁”、“邯郸学步”“成也萧何败也萧何”；音韵和谐，如“熙熙攘攘”、“双宿双飞”，翻译时应尽量保留这些特色。
但是由于汉英两种语言和文化的巨大差异，汉语成语这些特色很难全部在译文中得以再现，此时译者必须采取适当的翻译策略以确保主要信息的传递。
1、直译法汉语成语常用具体的描述来比喻抽象的概念，此时在不违背译文语言规范、不引起错误联想的前提下，译者可以采用直译法，如：（1）【倾国倾城】宝玉道：“我就是个‘多愁多病的身’，你就是那‘倾国倾城的貌’。
”“I’m the one ‘sick with l onging‟ ” Baoyv joked. “And yours is the beauty which caused …cities and kingdoms to fall.‟ ”（2)打草惊蛇to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于wake a sleeping dog) （3)竭泽而渔to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于kill the goose that lays the golden eggs)（4)掌上明珠a pearl in the palm(相当于the apple of one`s eye)(5)半信半疑half believe and half doubt(6)悲喜交集mixed feelings of grief and joy2、意译汉语成语具有的民族文化特色在很多情况下载译语中难以用直译法再现。
汉英口译中成语的翻译策略研究
汉英口译中成语的翻译策略研究汉英口译中，翻译成语是一个具有挑战性的任务。
成语在汉语中常常具有丰富的文化内涵和特定的含义，因此直接翻译成英语可能会导致信息的丢失或误解。
本文将从翻译成语的策略和技巧两个方面探讨汉英口译中成语的翻译方法。
一、策略1. 直译法：直接将成语翻译成与之对应的英语成语或短语。
这种方法适用于那些在英语中有对应翻译的成语，能够准确传达原文的意思。
“一字之师”可以直接翻译为“a master with a single stroke”。
2. 意译法：根据上下文和文化背景，将成语进行意译，选择与之相近或类似的英语表达方式，以传达其所含的意义。
“狼狈为奸”可以翻译为“in collusion”。
3. 逐字逐句法：将成语拆解成其组成的字词，并逐个翻译，然后根据上下文和语言习惯进行合理的组合和调整。
“画龙点睛”可以翻译为“add the finishing touch”。
二、技巧1. 注意上下文：理解成语的含义需要结合上下文进行，因此在翻译时应该注意上下文的语境，包括对话的语气、说话者的身份和背景等因素，以确保翻译的准确性和适应性。
2. 主动追求对等效果：在翻译成语时，应该追求在英语中与汉语中相同或相似的效果，以使翻译能够传达原文的意思和情感。
这样的对等效果可以通过翻译成英语成语、短语或合理的表达方式来实现。
3. 保留特定文化内涵：成语通常带有丰富的文化内涵，所以在翻译中要注意保留原文的特点和风格，尽量不丢失其中的文化意义。
“木已成舟”可以翻译为“it's already a done deal”。
4. 模糊化处理：在某些情况下，成语的翻译可能会受到文化和语言差异的限制，无法找到与之完全对应的英语表达方式。
此时，可以采用模糊化处理，以保持翻译的流畅性和可读性。
“以牙还牙”可以翻译为“tit for tat”。
在汉英口译中，翻译成语需要综合考虑成语的文化内涵、上下文语境以及翻译目的，选择合适的翻译策略和技巧。
中国成语典故英文翻译
一朝被蛇咬，十年怕草绳Once bitten, twice shy.一言既出，驷马难追 A word spoken is past recalling.一见钟情to fall in love at first sight一箭双雕/一举两得Kill two birds with one stone.一寸光阴一寸金Time is money.一失足成千古恨The error committed on impulse may turn out to be the sorrow of a whole life.一将功名万古枯What millions died that Caesar might be great.一年之计在于春，一日之计在于晨Plan your year in spring and your day at dawn.一人难称百人意You cannot please everyone.一气呵成Never make two bites of a cherry.九死一生to have a hair-breadth escape九牛一毛 a drop in the bucket人生如梦Life is but a dream.人生自古谁无死Death comes to all men.人不可貌相Appearances are often deceptive./ Never judge a book by its cover. 人山人海 a sea of faces：How many people are there in the stadium? Believe it or not, a sea of faces.人云亦云echo others' words人面兽心 a wolf in sheep's clothing人言可畏Opinion rules the world十年风水轮流转Every dog has its day.十全十美leave nothing to be desired十拿九稳win something in the bag.十万火急in hot haste力不从心my spirit is willing, but my flesh is weak力挽狂澜try to stem the tide入乡随俗Do in Rome as the Romans do.七上八下to be sixes and sevens八面玲珑smooth and able to win favour on all sides千载难逢It only happens once in a blue moon.大言不惭blow your own trumpet大智若愚He who cannot play the fool is not a wise man.大海捞针needle in a haystack山穷水尽at the end of one's resources山中无老虎，猴子称大王Among the blind the one-eyed is king./When the cat's away, the mice will pay.小洞不补，大来吃苦 A stitch in time saves nine.亡羊补牢Better late than never./ It's never too late to mend.口是心非Speak with one's tongue in his cheek不畏艰难Take the bull by the horns.不战而屈人之兵The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting. 不胜其烦 a pain in the neck1. 鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利这个成语我们可以翻译成：a quarrel which benefits only a third party或者借用英语中一句相应的俗语：When shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a winning game。
浅析英语典故的翻译方法
浅析英语典故的翻译方法
英语典故是英语中经常使用的一种修辞手法，也是英语文化中的重要组成部分。
在翻
译英语典故的过程中，需要注意选择合适的翻译方法，以保持它们的独特韵味。
下面主要
介绍以下四种翻译方法的应用：
一、意译法
意译法是指将英语典故的原意转化成中文，并在保留原有含义的前提下，灵活运用中
文表达方式，达到翻译的效果。
比如：
1. He has an Achilles’ heel.他有致命弱点。
2. That’s a Pyrrhic victory.那是一个无法翻盘的胜利。
二、音译法
音译法是指直接将英语典故音译成中文，这种翻译方法体现出了英语对华人文化交流
的深远影响。
比如：
1. Aesop’s Fables 伊索寓言
2. Gulliver’s Travels 飞天历险记
三、直译法
直译法是指直接将英语典故翻译成中文，主要强调原汁原味的翻译效果，尽量不加修改。
比如：
1. The sword of Damocles.达摩克利斯之剑。
2. Catch-22.两难境地。
四、引用法
引用法是指在翻译中直接使用源语的典故，此种方式充分展示了源语典故的独特魅力，比如：
1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。
2. All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
总之，对于英语中的典故，在翻译过程中我们需要根据情况灵活应用不同的翻译方法，以尽可能贴合原意并加强表达的效果。
中国文化典籍英译
中国文化典籍英译中国文化典籍是中华民族宝贵的文化遗产，承载着丰富的思想、智慧和价值观。
为了使国际社会更好地了解和欣赏中国文化，英译中国文化典籍成为一项重要的任务。
本文将详细介绍中国文化典籍英译的重要性、挑战以及一些常用的翻译策略和技巧。
一、中国文化典籍英译的重要性中国文化典籍是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，包括《论语》、《道德经》、《红楼梦》等。
这些典籍蕴含着丰富的道德伦理观念、哲学思想和文学艺术，对于理解中国文化的精髓和特点具有重要意义。
通过英译，可以将中国文化典籍传播到世界各地，促进中西方文化的交流与对话，增进世界各国人民对中国文化的了解和认同。
二、中国文化典籍英译的挑战1. 文化差异：中西方文化存在着巨大的差异，中国文化典籍中的一些概念和思想在西方社会可能难以理解。
翻译时需要注重平衡原文的意义和西方读者的理解能力，避免出现歧义和误解。
2. 文字表达：中国文化典籍的表达方式通常较为简练、深奥，使用了大量的比喻、典故和修辞手法。
翻译时需要保持原著的风格和特点，同时确保译文的流畅和可读性。
3. 词语翻译：中国文化典籍中常使用古代词语和成语，这些词语在英语中可能没有直接对应的表达方式。
翻译时需要根据上下文和意义选择合适的词语，保持译文的准确性和地道性。
三、中国文化典籍英译的策略和技巧1. 理解原著：在进行翻译之前，首先要深入理解原著的内容和意义。
通过研读相关的历史、文化背景以及注释，对原著有一个全面的了解，避免在翻译过程中出现偏差和误解。
2. 保持风格：中国文化典籍通常有独特的风格和韵味，翻译时要尽量保持原著的风格特点。
可以使用一些英语修辞手法和表达方式，使译文更贴近原著的语言特点。
3. 灵活运用翻译技巧：在翻译过程中，可以灵活运用一些翻译技巧，如意译、加注释、使用脚注等。
这些技巧可以帮助读者更好地理解原著的意义和背景信息。
4. 校对和修改：翻译完成后，需要进行校对和修改。
可以请专业人士或母语为英语的人士进行审校，确保译文的准确性和流畅性。
成语英译方法
成语英译方法今日，为大家介绍成语英译的方法。
一、敏捷翻译1)比方形象不能被译文读者所接受，意译为佳。
例4、沉鱼落雁直译：something makes the fish dive down and geese fall.意译：dazzling beauty/ striking beauty解析：“沉鱼落雁”是极富东方特色的一种表述，中国读者当然非常清晰这里的“something”是指什么，但是国外读者唯恐难以知晓，甚至觉得可能是“雷电”或“飓风”等自然灾难让动物死亡。
既然“沉鱼落雁”的字面意义误导英语读者，便大可采纳应用意译的方式。
例5、灯红酒绿直译：with red lights and green wine意译：dissipated and luxurious开门见山直译：to open the door and see the mountain意译：to come straight to the point解析：以上两个例子，直译都会造成误会，采纳应用意译为佳。
在与其他文化接触时，人们很难摆脱自身的文化传统和思维方式，往往根据自己习惯的思维模式来解读，这就产生了难以避开的文化误会。
这就需要在翻译中留意换位思索。
2)字面上含有中国古代人名、地名，或出自寓言或历史典故的成语，最好绕开其文化背景，翻译其内涵意义。
若加上解释性文字，则失去了成语短小精炼的特点。
例6、毛遂自荐to volunteer one's service东施效颦crude imitation with ludicrous effect悬梁刺股to be extremely hard-working in one's study四周楚歌to be besieged on all sides解析：“毛遂自荐”指的是赵国平原君的门客毛遂自动请缨的故事，假如翻译时将毛遂的人名加上，不免让英文读者一头雾水。
而这成语本身就是一个典故，若是后缀英文解释又显得过于累赘。
十个中国成语故事的典故英文版
十个中国成语故事的典故英文版中国成语故事有很有趣的典故，那你知道哪些成语故事的典故呢？用英语如何讲好成语故事的典故呢？下面是小编为大家整理的十个中国成语故事的典故英文版，欢迎大家阅读和采纳，希望大家喜欢!十个中国成语故事的典故英文版范文一郑人买履A man of the state of Zheng wanted to buy a pair of shoes. He measured his foot and put the measurement on a chair. When he set out for the market he forgot to bring it along. It was after he had found the pair he wanted that this occurred to him.I forgot the measurement, said he.He went home to get it but when he returned the market had broken up and he did not get his shoes after all.Why didn't you try on the shoes with your feet?He was asked.I 'd rather trust the measurement than trust myself.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版范文二东施效颦Xi Shi, a famous beauty, had a pain in her bosom(胸部) , so she had a frown on her face when she went out. An ugly girl who lived nearby saw her and thought she looked very beautiful. therefore when she went home, she also put her hands on her bosom and had a frown on her face.When a rich man in the neighbourhood saw her, he shut his doors tightly and did not go out. When a poor man saw her, he took his wife and children and gave her a wide berth(保持安全距离) .She only knew Xi Shi's frown looked beautiful but she did not know the reason for its beauty.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版范文三专心致志Yi Qiu was known as the most famous expert at chess throughout the land. Once he gave lessons on chess to two men. One of them was netpletely absorbed in his teaching, listening attentively to Yi Qiu while the other, who seemed to be listening, had his mind on something else. In fact, he was having a fancy that a swan was flying towards him and he had in his hands a bow and an arrow, ready to shoot. As a result, though he was having the same lesson together with the first man, yet he turned out a much inferior(差的，自卑的) pupil.If one does not give single-hearted devotion to it, no skills will be learned.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版范文四买椟还珠A man from the state of Chu wanted to sell a precious pearl in the state of Zheng. He made a casket(小箱，棺材) for the pearl out of the wood from a magnolia(木兰) tree, which he fumigated(熏制) with spices. He studded the casket with pearls and jade, ornamented it with red gems and decorated it with kingfisher(翠鸟) feathers. A man of the state of Zheng bought the casket and gave him back the pearl.Too luxuriant(丰富的，奢华的) decoration usually supersedes(取代) what really counts. This man from Chu certainly knew how to sell a casket but he was no good at selling his pearl. And the man of Zheng didn't know which is really valuable.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版范文五万事俱备只欠东风China has been divided into three kingdoms historically: Wei in the north, Shu in the southwest and Wu in the southeast.Once Cao Cao from Wei led a 200,000 strong army down to the south to wipe out the kingdoms of Wu and Shu. Therefore, Wu and Shu united to defend his attack. Cao ordered his men to link up the boats by iron chains to form a bridge for the Cao's passing from the north bank of Yangtze River to the south bank. The General Commander of the allied army was Zhou Yu. He analyzed the situation carefully. Then he got a good idea. He decided to attack the enemy with fire. So he began to prepare for the neting battle. Suddenly he thought of the direction of wind. He needed the east wind to blow strongly in order to acnetplish his scheme. However, the wind did not nete for days. Thus Zhou Yu was worried about it. At that time, he got a note from Zhuge Liang, the military adviser of the State of Shu, which reads: "To fight Cao CaoFire will help you winEverything is readyExcept the east wind"Quickly he turned to Zhuge Liang for help. Zhuge told him not to worry and there would be an east wind in a couple of days. Two days later, the east wind helped Zhou acnetplish his scheme. At last, the allied army won the war.Later, people use it to say "All is ready except what is crucial".十个中国成语故事的典故英文版范文六相敬如宾During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), there was a high official in the State of Jin. He once saw a farmer working in the field and his wife bringing his lunch to him in a very respectful manner. He showed great interest in the matter. He took the farmer back to Jin with him, and said to the King of Jin, "Respect is a demonstration of virtue. If one is respectful, hemust be virtuous. We should educate our people with virtue." But the King asked, "His father is guilty, is it wise to do so?" He replied, "Guan Zhong had been enemy to the Duke Huan of Qi, but the duke appointed Guan Zhong prime minister and finally acnetplished his hegemony. Shun exiled Gun but promoted his son Yu. You just make use of his strong points." At last, Duke Wen took his advice and put the farmer in an important position.Later, this idiom means a couple treats each other with respect like guests.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版范文七入木三分Wang Xi-zhi is one of the most famous calligraphers(书法家) during the Eastern Jin Dynasty of China. When he was very young, he practiced his art every day and never stopped.Later he absorbed the strong points of all the other schools of calligraphy, and developed his own unique style of writing. Because of his achievements, he has been honored as one of China's sages of calligraphy. One time, Wang Xi-zhi sketched in wood for an engraver to cut. Then the engraver found the ink had penetrated one centimeter into the wood."Ru Mu San Fen" is got from this story, which means the calligraphy is penetrating.Now it is often used to describe expressing sharp ideas or profound views.十个中国成语故事的典故英文版范文八一技之长Gong sun Long , is a famous scholar lived in the State of Zhao during the Warring States Period (475-221BC). He had kept a circle skilled people around him. He often said, "A wise man should welnete anyone with a specialty."One day, a man dressed in tattered(破烂的) and dirty clothes c a m e t o s e e h i m a n d s a i d t o h i m : " I h a v e a s p e c i a l s k i l l . " / p > p s t y l e = " t e x t - i n d e n t : 2 e m ; t e x t - a l i g n : l e f t ; " b d s f i d = " 1 3 6 " > G o n g a s k e d : " W h a t i s i t ? " / p > p s t y l e = " t e x t - i n d e n t : 2 e m ; t e x t - a l i g n : l e f t ; " b d s f i d = " 1 3 7 " > " I h a v e a l o u d v o i c e a n d I ' m g o o d a t s h o u t i n g . " / p > p s t y l e = " t e x t - i n d e n t : 2 e m ; t e x t - a l i g n : l e f t ; " b d s f i d = " 1 3 8 " > T h e n G o n g t u r n e d t o h i s f o l l o w e r s a n d a s k e d , " W h o i s g o o d a t s h o u t i n g ? " B u t n o n e o f t h e m a n s w e r e d " Y e s " . S o t h e s c h o l a r t o o k t h e m a n i n . / p > p s t y l e = " t e x t - i n d e n t : 2 e m ; t e x t - a l i g n : l e f t ; " b d s f i d = " 1 3 9 " > S o m e d a y s l a t e r , G o n g a n d h i s f o l l o w e r s w e n t o n a t r i p . T h e y c a m e t o a w i d e r i v e r a n d f o u n d t h e f e r r y b o a t w a s o n t h e o t h e r s i d e o f t h e r i v e r . A l l o f t h e m h a d n o i d e a . S u d d e n l y , G o n g t h o u g h t o f t h e s h o u t i n g e x p e r t a n d t u r n e d t o h i m , " C a n y o u h a v e a t r y ? " T h e m a n r e a l i z e d i t w a s t h e c h a n c e t o s h o w h i s s k i l l . H e s h o u t e d t o t h e f e r r y m a n a s l o u d a s h e c o u l d , " H e y , f e r r y m a n , n e t e h e r e , w e w a n t t o c r o s s t h e r i v e r . " A s h i s v o i c e e n d e d , t h e f e r r y m a n c a m e t o f e t c h t h e m . G o n g w a s v e r y s a t i s f i e d w i t h t h e n e w f o l l o w e r . / p > p s t y l e = " t e x t - i n d e n t : 2 e m ; t e x t - a l i g n : l e f t ; " b d s f i d = " 1 4 0 " > L a t e r , p e o p l e u s e i t t o d e s c r i b e a n y o n e w h o h a s a s p e c i a l p r o f e s s i o n a l s k i l l . / p > p s t y l e = " t e x t - i n d e n t : 2 e m ; t e x t - a l i g n : l e f t ; " b d s f i d = " 1 4 1 " >。
中国常用成语的英文译法
中国常用成语的英文译法1.水落石出有人照字直译为：As the water level sinks，the stones are exposed.这样说，恐怕老外还是听不懂。
他们的说法是：All secrets may eventually come to light. （所有祕密最后总会曝光。
）也可以说：Eventually，every secret will be disclosed.2.这山望到那山高有人译成：The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest.（意思是：墙那边的苹果最甜）当然，如要译成：If you stand on a mountain，you feel the distant mountain seems higher than yours.老外也勉强能接受。
而他们的最习惯说法是：The grass always looks greener on the other side.（另一边的草，看来总是绿些。
）3.烈火炼真金，患难见真情有人译成：Fire is the test of gold；adversity is the test of friendship.这句译文，虽然很好，老外也能了解，但是他们还有另外的说法：Liquor brings out a person's true color.（烈酒能显示一个人真正的特色）或者说：Wine reveals a person's true heart.虽然老外不用“烈火炼真金”的比喻，但有“路遥知马力”的说法：By a long road，we know a horse's strength；at times of difficulty，we discover a friend's true character.4.雷声大，雨点小有人译为：The thunder roars loudly，but little rain falls.或者说：All we hear is thunder，but no rain falls.虽然这样直译比较容易理解，但是老外的说法是这样的：Actions speak louder than words. （行动胜于言谈）或All we hear is words，but there is no action.（只动嘴不动手）或Actions and words should go hand in hand. （言行必须一致）另外，还有英语里还有这样的说法：An empty barrel makes biggest sound.（空洞的话说得太多了。
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中国古代成语、典故的英文翻译技巧
天生万物，唯人为贵
Man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters.
民为重，社稷次之，君为轻。
People are the most important element in the state, next are the government and grain, least is the ruler himself.
二人同心，其利断金
And as a saying from The Book of Changes goes, If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal.
一乡之善士斯友一乡之善士，天下之善士斯友天下之善士。
In so many different ways, we are upholding the teachings of Mencius, who said:A good citizen in one community will befriend the other citizens of the community;a good citizen of the world will befriend the other citizens of the world.
不登高山，不知天之高也；不临深渊，不知地之厚也。
One can never be aware of the height of the sky or the depth of the earth, if he does not climb up a high mountain or look down into a deep abyss.
但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。
We wigh each other a long life so as to share the beauty of this graceful moonlight, even though miles apart.
独在异乡为异客，每逢佳节倍思亲。
A lonely stranger in a strange land I am cast, I miss my family all the more on every festive day.
二人同心，其利断金。
If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal.
海内存知己，天涯若比邻。
A bosom friend afar brings distance near.
祸兮，福之所倚；福兮，祸之所伏。
Misfortune, that is where happiness depends; happiness, that is where misfortune underlies.
举首望明月，低头思故乡。
Raising my head, I see the moon so bright; withdrawing my eyes, my nostalgia comes around.
礼尚往来。
往而不来，非礼也；来而不往，亦非礼也。
Propriety suggests reciprocity. It is not propriety not to give but to receive, or vice versa.
两情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。
If love between both sides can last for aye, why need they stay together night and day?
路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。
The way ahead is long; I see no ending, yet high and low Ill search with my will unbending.
敏而好学，不耻下问。
Quick-minded and eager to learn, he is never ashamed to consult his inferiors.
天生我材必有用。
Heaven has endowed me with talents for eventual use.
天时不如地利，地利不如人和。
Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are less important than terrestrial advantages, which in turn are less important than the unity among people.
天行健，君子以自强不息。
As Heavens movement is ever vigorous, so must a gentleman ceaselessly strive along.
无为其所不为，无欲其所不欲，如此而已矣。
Dont do what should not be done; dont desire what should not be desired. That is all.
学而不厌，侮人不倦。
Never be contented with your study; never be impatient with your teaching.
学如逆水行舟，不进则退。
Learning is like rowing upstream: not to advance is to drop back.
欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。
We widen our views three hundred miles by ascending one flight of stairs./Exhausting my eyes to a thousand li further, I am ascending one more story of the tower.。