高中生物必修I分子与细胞 思维导图(原创含答案)

(1)(2)(3) Fe(4)(5) (6) (7)(8)(9) (10)(11)(12)(13) (14) ……(15)(16) (17) (18)(19) (20) (21) )(22) (23) (24) (25)(26)(n) (m) (a), =(27) =(28) =(29)(30) (31)(32)(33) (34) (35) (36)(1)______________(2)_________________( DNA) (3)________________( RNA)(4)____________ (5)_________ (6)________ (7)_______ (8)______(8 )(9)____________________________(10)(11) (12)(13)(14)A GH2O(15)DNA (16) RNA (17)DNA (18) RNA (19)DNA (20)RNA (21)DNA (22) RNA (23)(24) DNA RNA(25) DNA (26) (27)RNA (28) (25)DNA RNA(29)DNA (25) RNA(26) DNA )DNA RNA(1)____(4)______C6H12O6(5)________(6)_______________(7)___________________(8)___________________)(9)_________________(2)____(10)_______(11)______1 (12)_________1 (13)_________(14)______2 (15)_________(16)______1 (17)_________1 (18)_________(3)_____(19)_________(20)_______(22)________(22)______________(23)______________(24)________(25)______________(26)_______(27)___________(28)___________(29)_______(30)_________________________(31)_____________________________(32) (50 60 )(33)_______ )(34)____________________(35)________________________(36)____(1)______(2)___ (3)___(4)___(5)______(6)______(7)________________ (8)________(9)__________N(10)______( (11)__________(12)______)(13)__________ (14)_______ D (15)__________ (16)______(17)__________ (18)______(19)________ (20)_________(1)_______(2)_______(3)___________SO>C>H>NC>O>N>HCFe Cu Zn Mo BATP(4)______________________(5)______________________(6)____ 60% 95%(7)_____ 4.5%(8)_____95.5%(9)____________(10)_______(11)____________(12)____________________(13)__________(14)__________1% 1.5%(15)______(16)_______(17)__________————”(18)______(19)_______(14)___2-3mm )(15)___(16)___(17)___(18)_ )(19)_____(20)__(21)__(22)__-- (1)____________-- -- (2)_______(3)_____________________________(4)_________________________________________(5)_____________________________________________(6)_____ (7)_____________ (8)_________ (9)______________(10)______________ (11)_________ (12)_________ (13)____ _____ ) (14)_____ ____(15)_____(16)_____ ____(17)_____ (18)_____ (19)_ ____(20)_____ ) (21)____) (22)_ )(23)_____ (24)_____ (25)___ (26)____(27)__)(!(36)___ (37)_________________)(1)___ )(2)________(3)_____(4)_____DNA RNA )(5)____(6)_______(7)___(8)___ (9)___(10)___(11)___ (12)___(13)___________(14)___ (15)___(16)___ )(17)__________ (18)__________(19)__________(20)________________(21)_______ (22)___(23)_______(24)________ (25)_______ (26)__________(27)________ (28)_____________________(29)___________________________________(30)________)(31)______________________________(31)________ (32)________(33)________________________________DNA RNA(34)________ RNA (35)________(36)________ (37)_____ (38)_____(39)________________________________(40)______________ (41)__________(42)_______(43)___(49)______________(50)_________((1)_____________(2)_________(3)__________________________________(4)_____________(5)______ (6)______(7)______( (8)______((9)________________________(10)________(11)________(12)____________(13)____________ (14)____________(15)_____(16)_______ (17)____________(18)____________________(19)_______ RNA(20)____________ (21)____________(22)____________(23)_________ (24)_________(25)_______ (26)______(27)____ ________ (28)____________(1)____(3)______________________________________________(2)____(4)______________________________________________(5)___________(6)______________________________________________(7)___________________________(18)_________________ (19)__________________________________B(20)___________________________________(20)_________________________________(21)_____(22)_____(23)_____(24)_____(25)______________(26)_____(27)_____ (29)_____(30)_____________________(31)______((32)______ (33)______(34)__________________________________(35)__________________________________(36)____(37)____(37)____(38)____) )(39)____________(40)____________(41)____________ (42)____________(43)________________________(44)________(45)________(1)_______(3)_____________RNA(6)_______( )(7)___(8)___ (9)____________ (10)__ (11)__(12)_______(13)__10^7 10^13pH(21)_____ (22)_____(23)___________________(24)______ (25)_________(26)_________(27)_____ (28)____(29)____(30)_________(31)_________ (32)_________ (33)_________ (34)______________________________________ DNA ) !(35)____( (36)__________________ (37)________________(38)__________________ (39)__________________( 20 30 35 40 45E 5min3540ATP(6)___ ____ATP ADP ADP ATP ADP ADP AMP((7)__________ RNA(8)___ (9)___ ADP Pi ATPATP ADP(10)_____________________________________________ATP(11)_____________________(12)_____________________ (13)_______ ) ATP (14)__ _____ATP ADP PiATP(15)_______(16)_______ )(17)_ ______ ATP (18)_______ (19)_______ ATP ( DNA )ATPADP PiATP(20)_____ __ATP(1)_____ (2)_________(3)______(4)________________)(5)______________(6)__________________?(7)________ (8)_______CO2NaOH (9)_____________(10)__________________(11)__________2(13)________ (14)_____(15)____ ____(16)________ (17)_____(18)____ ____(19)________ (20)_____(21)____ ____(22)____ ____[H] ATP(23)________ (24)_____(25)____ ____(26)_______________________________(27)___________________(28)_______O2O2 (29)_______O2 (30)_______ (31)_______O2 )CO2CO2CO2 N2)(1)_________(2)_________(3)______ (4)__ ____(5)______ (6)______(7)____ __(8)______(9)___________(10)______(11)_ _____(12)______ (13)______(14)_________________________________________________________S iO2(15)_______ (17)_______(18)_______ (19)_______(20)_______(21)_______(16)_______ (93#(22)__ _____(23)______________________________________________________________ lcm(24)_____________________(25)___________________________(26)_____ (27)____________________________): a( b( )(28)_____________________________________________________________________________(1/4) (29)_________________________ (30)__________ (3/4) (31)_________________________ (32)__________(31)____________________(32)______________________CO2 O2(33)__________________(34)__________________(35)_____________I I(36)________ ____________(37)__18O CO2+ H2O (38)_________________18O H2O+ CO218O CO2C3 C (39)____________________(39)________ (41)_____________(45)______________(47)_____________ ATP (42)_______________ ____________ (48)________(40)________ [H] (43)______ CO2+C5 2C3 (46)______________ATP(44)______ C3+[H]+ATP ____________ (49)______________(CH2O)+C5+ADP+Pi(50) :(51)( )(1) (2) (3) (4)(3) (4)(5)(6) (7)(8)(9)[_](10)[_]__________(11)[_]__________(12)[ ]_____________=[ -[(13)(14) (15)(16) CO2(17) CO2(18) CO2(19) C3a-b (20)b-c (21)c-d CO2d-e CO2(22) (23)AB (24)B (25)BC (26)[H] ATP(30)CO2H2O(31)(1)___(3)________________________(5)________________________NaOH NaOHNaOH(6)_______________ NaOHNaOH NaOH (7)______(8)________________________ (9)___________NaOH(4)___________________ (10)___________________(2)_________(11)_______________________________________(12)___________(13)___________(14)___________(15)_______________________DNA 2n)(37)__(38) (39) (40)(41)(42)(43)(44) (45)(46) (47)3mm (48)10(49) (50)(50)(51) (52)(53)(54)(55) (56) DNA(57) (58)(59)DNA (60)(1)____________ (2)______________(3)_________(4)_____________(4)______________________________________)(4)_____________(5) _____ _______( ) (6)_____(7)_____________(48)_____________ (9)_____________(10)____ _________) (11)___________________________(12)_______ (13)____(14)(15)(16)____________________(17)_______________(18)__________________)-( )(19)__________(20)______(21)_________(22)_______ _____ ______(23)______(24)_______(25)____________ _________________(26)________________________________(27)______ ________ _________(28)__________(29)_____ ____(30)______(31)____________(32)____________(33)_____ X(34)_____(35)_____(36)_____________( )(37)__________(38)__________P5 (1)有机物 (2)最多 (3)C、H、O、N (4)氨基酸 (5)20 (6)必需氨基酸 (7)非必需氨基酸(8) (9)氨基(-NH2) (10)羧基(-COOH) (11)同一碳原子上 (12)R基(侧链基团)(13)氨基酸 (14)二肽更正：肽链与蛋白质之间插入：一条或多条肽链盘曲折叠(15)(16)数量 (17)种类 (18)排列顺序 (19)空间结构 (20)条数 (21)盘曲折叠 (22)催化(23)调节 (24)运输 (25)免疫 (26)糖蛋白(或糖被) (27)肽键 (28)氨基酸数(n)-肽链数(m) (29)n×a-(n-m)×18 (30)小分子肽 (31)氨基酸 (32)CO2、H2O、尿素 (33)双缩脲试剂与蛋白质产生紫色反应 (34)双缩脲试剂(A液和B液) (35)先加A液，再加B液 (36)紫色P7 (1)C、H、O、N、P (2)脱氧核糖核酸 (3)核糖核酸 (4)遗传信息Array (5)蛋白质 (6)生物性状 (7)变异 (8)RNA(9)(13)脱氧核糖和胸腺嘧啶 (14)核糖和尿嘧啶(16)两条脱氧核苷酸链 (17)一条核糖核苷酸链 (18)4种脱氧核苷酸(19)4种核糖核苷酸 (20)磷酸、脱氧核糖、4种含氮碱基(胸腺嘧啶、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、腺嘌呤)(21) 磷酸、核糖、4种含氮碱基(尿嘧啶、胞嘧啶、鸟嘌呤、腺嘌呤) (22)细胞核 (23)细胞质(24)线粒体和叶绿体 (25)甲基绿 (26)绿色 (27)吡啰红 (28)红色以下序号需更正：(25→29)吡啰红和甲基绿混合 (29→30)能够改变细胞膜通透性，加速染色剂进入细胞，同时使染色质中的DNA和蛋白质分离，有利于DNA与染色剂结合 (25→31)拟核 (26→32)质粒P9 (1)C、H、O (2)多 (3)少 (4)多 (5)储能物质 (6)保温 (7)缓冲和减压脂肪 (8)内脏器官(9)C、H、O、P (10)生物膜 (11)细胞器膜 (12)胆固醇 (13)生物膜 (14)脂质 (15)血管堵塞(16)维生素D (17)钙和磷 (18)性激素 (19)生殖器官 (20)生殖细胞P10 (1)单糖 (2)二糖 (3)多糖 (4)水解 (5)动、植物 (6)主要能源物质 (7)细胞质基质、线粒体(8)叶绿体基质 (9)脱氧核糖和核糖 (10)单糖 (11)乳糖 (12)葡萄糖 (13)半乳糖 (14)麦芽糖(15)葡萄糖 (16)蔗糖 (17)葡萄糖 (18)果糖 (19)脱水缩合 (20)糖原 (22→21)肝糖原(22)葡萄糖合成肝糖原 (23)肝糖原分解成葡萄糖 (24)肌糖原 (25)葡萄糖合成肌糖原 (26)纤维素(27)细胞壁 (28)刚果红 (29)淀粉 (30)葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、半乳糖等(31)斐林试剂与还原性糖混合经水浴加热产生砖红色沉淀 (33)碳链 (34)蛋白质、核酸和多糖(35)氨基酸、核苷酸和单糖 (36)碳(C)P12 (1)统一性 (2)差异性 (3)C、H、O、N、P、S、K、Ca、Mg (4) C、H、O、N、P (5) C、H、O、N、Mg (6)最多 (7)结合水 (8)自由水 (9)良好溶剂 (10)生物化学 (11)细胞生活 (12)营养物质和代谢废物(13)自由水与结合水 (14)自由水与结合水(15)离子 (16)复杂化合物 (17)细胞和生物体 (18)渗透压 (19)酸碱P14 (1)有 (2)长 (3)短 (4)近 (5)远 (6)少、大、暗 (7)多、小、亮 (8)大 (9)小 (10)凹面镜(11)平面镜 (12)暗、小 (13)亮、大 (14)反光镜 (15)镜头转换器 (16)凹面镜和大光圈 (17)细准焦螺旋(18)相反 (19)180度 (20)长度、宽度 (21)放大倍数的平方 (22)放大倍数P15 (1)寄生在活细胞 (2)分化的细胞 (3)细胞→个体→种群→群落→生态系统(4)细胞→组织→器官→个体→种群→群落→生态系统(5)细胞→组织→器官→系统→个体→种群→群落→生态系统 (6)蓝藻 (7)化能合成作用(8)分裂和分化 (9)原始生殖细胞(如卵原细胞和精原细胞等) (10)原癌基因与抑癌基因(11)光合作用 (12)质壁分离 (13)根尖分生区、芽生长点、茎的形成层 (14)原始生殖细胞(15)酵母菌 16)是否具有以核膜为界限的细胞核 (17)核糖体 (18)染色体、核仁 (19)细胞膜、细胞质和核酸(20)细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核 (21)细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、核酸、核糖体 (22)施旺和施莱登 (23)动、植物 (24)相对独立 (25)生命 (26)整体 (27)老细胞P18 (1)脂质 (2)磷脂 (3)蛋白质 (4)蛋白质 (5)糖蛋白(或糖被) (6)流动镶嵌 (7)流动镶嵌(8)磷脂双分子层 (9)流动 (10)镶在 (11)嵌入 (12)贯穿 (13)流动性 (14)选择透过性(15)相对稳定 (16)控制物质进出细胞 (17)进行细胞间的信息交流 (18)渗透 (19)哺乳动物的成熟红细胞(20)细胞壁 (21)细胞核膜及众多的细胞器膜 (22)凹陷消失，体积增大，细胞破裂，内容物流出，获得细胞膜(23)线粒体和叶绿体 (24)内质网、高尔基体、液泡、溶酶体 (25)脂质和蛋白质 (26)物质运输、能量转换和信息传递等过程 (27)酶 (28)多种化学反应 (29)细胞器 (30)化学反应 (31)核膜和细胞膜(32)内质网和高尔基体、高尔基体和细胞膜 (33)内质网、高尔基体、细胞膜、线粒体(34)纤维素和果胶 (35)支持和保护 (36)末期 (37)高尔基体、线粒体 (38)用纤维素酶和果胶酶处理细胞壁P20 (1)嵴 (2)DNA和RNA (3)有氧呼吸 (4)叶肉细胞 (5)类囊体 (6)光合作用 (7)网状 (8)分泌蛋白(9)囊泡 (10)脂质 (11)囊状 (12)囊泡 (13)加工、分类和包装 (14)分泌物 (15)细胞壁 (16)水解(17)衰老、损伤 (18)病毒或病菌 (19)渗透压、调节植物细胞内的环境，使细胞保护坚挺(20)核糖体RNA和蛋白质 (21)脱水缩合 (22)合成蛋白质 (23)蛋白质 (24)有丝分裂 (25)复制(26)移向两极 (27)核糖体 (28)内质网、高尔基体、核糖体、线粒体、溶酶体 (29)中心体(30)高尔基体 (31)中心体、液泡 (31)叶绿体 (32)大液泡 (33)线粒体、叶绿体、中心体(34)叶绿体和线粒体 (35)核糖体 (36)叶绿体 (37)液泡 (38)中心体(39)叶绿体、线粒体、核糖体、内质网和高尔基体 (40)叶绿体、线粒体、溶酶体 (41)线粒体和溶酶体(42)内质网 (43)囊泡 (44)核糖体 (45)内质网 (46)高尔基体 (47)细胞膜(48)肽链 (49)椭圆球形或球形 (50)健那绿P23 (1)黑色美西螈(2)细胞核(3)将白色美西螈胚胎细胞核移植到黑色美西螈去核卵细胞形成重组细胞(4)分裂和分化(5)相互(6)条件(7)分裂、生长(8)代谢、应激性(9)相互对照和自身对照(10)伞藻“帽”的形状(11)其他物质(12) 伞藻“帽”的形状(13)遗传信息库(14)代谢和遗传(15)两层(16)核糖体(17)选择透过性(18)物质交换和信息交流(19)选择透过性(20)DNA和蛋白质(21)遗传物质(22)同种物质(23)染色质(24)染色体(25)某种RNA (26)核糖体有→在(27)分裂过程(28)原核细胞和真核细胞补充：模型方法(请抄在书上) 物理模型(实物或图画形式：制作原则：科学性、准确性、美观等)数学模型(公式或曲线) 概念模型(文字、箭头)P25 (1)自由扩散(2)协助扩散(3)由高浓度向低浓度运输，不需要载体，不消耗能量(4)由高浓度向低浓度运输，需要载体，不消耗能量(5)载体的种类和数量(6)由低浓度向高浓度运输，需要载体，消耗能量(7)氧气浓度、温度等(8)糖蛋白(9)磷脂(10)磷脂双分子层(11)ATP(或能量) (12)主动运输(13)自由扩散(14)协助扩散(15) ATP(或能量)(16)主动运输(17)蛋白质(18)细胞膜具有一定的流动性(19)不需要载体，需消耗能量(20)具有半透膜，半透膜两侧的溶液具有浓度差(20)溶剂分子由低浓度溶液向高浓度溶液扩散(21)皱缩(22)形态不变(23)胀大(24)原生质层(25)细胞液与外界溶液(26)小于(27)失水(29)质壁分离(30)吸水，发生质壁分离复原(补充：正常细胞吸水胀大，但由于细胞壁的保护而不会胀破)(31)逐渐缩小(32)逐渐变大(33)逐渐贴近(34)当外界溶液浓度大于细胞液浓度时，细胞失水，发生质壁分离(35)当外界溶液浓度小于细胞液浓度时，细胞吸水，发生质壁分离复原(36)前后(37)活细胞(37) 植物细胞(38)成熟植物细胞(39)发生质壁分离但不会复原(40)先发生质壁分离后自动复原注：若外界溶液浓度过高，则质壁分离现象明显但由于细胞失水过度而死亡，不会发生复原。