常耀信美国文学史教案
常耀信美国文学史教案Chapter 1 Colonial America(US is a quite special country in the world. Although it only has a very short history, it is the most powerful country today. )1.Historical Background⑴ In 1942, Christopher Columbus found the new continent called America.⑵ Immigrants: Spanish (they built the first town on the new continent); Dutch (they built New York city at the beginning stage); French (today still lots of people’s mother tongue is French in North America)⑶ English immigrants, Jamestown, Virginia, 16071620 “May Flower”, Plymouth(Imagine: transportation not convenient, why some many immigrants left their hometown and came to such a remote place as America? Economic reasons; Religious reasons) (Reformation and religious conflicts in Europe; persecution of Protestants)2.American Puritanism（清教主义）⑴ Puritans=Calvinistsa:John Calvin, a theologian, Puritans believed most doctrines preached by him, so they were also called Calvinistsbut puritans wanted to “purify the church” to its original state, because they thought the church was corrupted and had too many ritualsc:To be a Puritan: taking religion as the most important thing; living for glorifying God; believing predestination（命运天定）, original sin（原罪，人生下来就是有罪的，因为人类的祖先亚当和夏娃是有罪的）, total depravity（人类是完全堕落的，所以人要处处小心自己的行为，要尽可能做到最好以取悦上帝）, limited atonement（有限救赎，只有被上帝选中的人才能得到上帝的拯救）d life style of Puritans: pious, austerity of taste, diligence and thrift, rigid sense of morality, self-reliance (John Milton is a typical Puritan.)⑵ American Puritana:On the one hand, American Puritans were all idealist as their European brothers. They came to the new continent with the dream that they would built the new land to an Eden on earth.b:On the other hand, American Puritans were more practical maybe because the severe conditions they faced.⑶ Influence on literaturea:Basis of American literature: the dream of building an Eden of Garden on earth (Early American literature were mainly optimistic because they believed that God sent them to the new continent to fulfill the sacred task so they would overcome all the difficulties they met at last. Gradually Americans found that their dreams would not be successful, so lots of pessimistic literary works were produced.)b:Symbolism（象征主义）: lots of American writers liked to employ symbolism in their works. (typical way of Puritans who thought that all the simple objects existing in the world connoted deep meaning.) Symbolism means using symbols in literary works. The symbol means something represents or stands for abstract deep meaning.c:Style: simple, fresh and direct (just as the style of the Authorized Version ofHoly Bible)3.Colonial Literature⑴ General featuresa:Humble origins: diaries, histories, letters etc.b:In content: serving either God or colonial expansion or bothc:In form: imitating English literary traditions⑵ Captain John Smith: the first American Writer (P16)⑶ Anne Bradstreet: first American woman poet; a Puritan poet; once called “Tenth Muse”; her poems mainly about religious experience, family life and early settlers’lives; her most famous poems?“Contemplations” (P17)⑷ Philip Freneau (1752-1832)a:He is the most important poet in the 18th century.b:He was entitled “Father of American Poetry”.c:He was born in New York and graduated from Princeton University.d:He wrote lots of poems supporting American Revolution and human liberty.e:He was the most notable representative of dawning American nationalism in literature.f:His poems presented Romantic spirits but his form and taste were mainly influenced by Classicism.g:Most famous poems: “The Wild Honey Suckle” and “The Indian Burying Ground”h:Analyze and discuss the theme, rhyme scheme and some difficult dictions in “The Wild Honey Suckle”.Lecture 2 Edwards and Franklin(In most course books, this part is called the 18th century literature. And Jonathan Edwards is not included and is put to the colonial period. However, Philip Freneau should be included in this chapter.)(Putting these two characters together, the author may means to compare these two. The comparison is mentioned several times in the text on P27 and P32.)1.Historical Background⑴ American Revolution(Strict rules made by English government prevented the economic development of the colonies. It was unfair. So American Independence War broke.)a:1775, Lexington, beginning of the Independence Warb:June 4th, 1776, Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independencec:1778, alliance with France, turning point for American armyd:1778, English army surrenderede:1783, formal recognition from Britain government⑵ Enlightenment (启蒙运动)(Review English Literature, 18th century, Addison, Steele and Pope, Classicism) a:Originated in Europe in the 17th centuryb:Resources: Newton’s theory; deism（自然神教派，课本P28，宗教与启蒙精神相结合的产物）; French philosophy (Rousseau, Voltaire)c:Basic principles: stressing education; stressing Reason (Order) (The age has been called Age of Reason.); employing Reason to reconsider the traditions and socialrealities; concerns for civil rights, such as equality and social justiced:Representatives: Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson etc.e:Influence on literatureIn form: imitating English classical（古典主义）writersIn content: utilitarian tendency (for political or educational purpose)2.Jonathan Edwards (1703?1758) (last important figure in Puritan tradition)⑴ Lifea:Born in a very religious New England familyb:Graduated from Yalec:Worked as a minister and was an important figure in “Great Awakening” (a serious of religious revivals which occurred in the 1730s and 1740s on North America continent)dismissed from his position because of fierce religious controversy at that time eived and meditated in solitude; wrote some books (P29)⑵ Analysisa:Influenced by the new ideas of Enlightenment, such as empiricismb:Still a pious Puritanc:His sense of God’s overwhelming presence in nature and in soul anticipated the Transcendentalism. (P32)d:First modern American and the country’s last medieval man3.Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)⑴ Life?Jack of all tradesa:Born in a poor candle maker’s family in Bostonb:No regular educationc:Became a apprentice of a printer when he was 12d:A editor of a newspaper and published lots of essays when he was 16e:Went to Philadelphia when he was 17f:A successful printer and publisherg:Retired when he was 42h: A scientist with lots of inventions and a famous experiment (kite, electricity, thunderstorm)i:A famous statesman (the only America who once signed all the four documents that created the new country) (P33)An example who made American Dream come true⑵ Literary worksaoor Richard’s Almanac《穷查理的年历》b:Modeled on farmers’ annual calendar; kept publishing for many years; includes many classical sayings, such as “A penny saved is a penny earned.” (P34)c:The Autobiography?first of its kind in literatureWriting when he was 65An introduction of his life to his own sonIncluding four parts written in different timePuritanism’s influence, such as self-examination and self-improvement (timetable, thirteen virtues, life style)Enlightenment spirits (man’s nature good, rights of liberty, virtues includes “order”)Style: simple, clear in order, direct and concise (“Nothing should be expressed in two words that can as well be expressed in one.”) (Puritanism’s influence) Popular, still well-read today, his values and style influenced lots of Americans Lecture 3 American Romanticism1.General Introduction(1)Time: from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War(2)Reasons (Why Romanticism emerged?)A. Fast development of the new nation (flood of immigrants; pioneers pushing the frontier further west; industrialization; economic boom; a promising new land with prevailed optimistic moods)B. Development of jounalism (Some influential periodicals appeared, such as The Atlantic Monthly. They need more literary productions.)C. Foreign influence (Review history of English literature.)(from the 18th century classicism to sentimentalism to Pre-Romanticism to Romanticism which can be divided into passive group and active group)(most influential British writers to American Romanticists-Walter Scott)(3)General features of RomanticismA. Stressing emotion rather than reasonB. Stressing freedom and individualityC. Idealism rather than materialismD. Writing about nature, medieval legends and with supernatural elements?(4) Features of American RomanticismA. ImitativeB. Independenta. peculiar American experience (landscape, pioneering to the West, Indian civilization, new nation's democracy and dreams)b. Puritan heritage (more moralizing, edifying more than mere entertainment) (careful about love and sex. example: Scarlet Letter)(5) Two periods and representativesA. 1770s to 1830s Early periodRepresentatives: Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper and New England poets Two famous poets: William Cullen Bryant (first distinctive American lyric poet; writing about nature, religion and life; famous poems - "Thanatopsis" and "To a Waterfowl") and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (balancing Romantic spirits with classical and Christian taste; famous poem - "A Psalm of Life")B. 1830s to 1860s? Late periodFlowering of American literatureRepresentatives: Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, Whitman, Dickinson, Poe etc.(6) SignificanceCreative period of a native American culture and literature2. Washington Irving (1783 - 1859)(1) LifeA. Born in a rich merchant familyB. Learned law but more interested in writingC. Went to England for family businessD. Wrote to support himself after business failureE. Diplomatic work for a period(2) Major worksThe Sketch Book (a collection of essays and short stories)Two famous short stories in the collection: "Rip Van Winkle" (Read the plot on P48-P49)and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (Read the plot on P49)(3) FeaturesA. Conservative (e.g. Rip felt into sleep before American Independence and woke after it.)(love of old world's tradition)("an old gentleman speaking English not American)B. Style: gentle, refined, lucid, beautiful (classical in form though romantic in subjects)C. Aim of writing: entertainment, not moralizingD. Good at creating atmosphereE. Thin plotF. HumorG. Finished and musical languageH. vivid characters(4) ContributionsA. He was the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame.B. The short story as a genre in American literature probably began with Irving's? The Sketch Book.3. James Fenimore Cooper (1789 - 1851)(1) Life storyA. born in a rich familyB. attended Yale but expelledC. five years at seaD. inherited fortune then a comfortable lifeE. wrote lots of novels because he oneday was disgusted by one novel(2) Major works"Leatherstocking Tales" (a series of five novels about the frontier life): The Pioneers, The Prairie, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Deerslayer Central character: Natty Bumppo (several names for same character: Hawk-eye, the Pathfinder, the Deerslayer, Leatherstocking) (a typical frontier man: honest, simple, innocent, generous) (represents brotherhood of man, nature and freedom)Theme: modern civilization advancing on the wilderness and the contradiction between them(3) FeaturesA. Good at inventing plots (Cooper had never been to the frontier area personally.)B. Style: powerful, yet clumsy and dreadfulC. Wooden CharactersD. Use of dialect, but not authentic (criticized by Mark Twain)(4) ContributionsFinding "the West" and "the frontier life" as materials for literary works Introducing Western tradition into American literatureLecture 4 Transcendentalism（超验主义）1. General Introduction(a special kind of philosophy appeared in the 1830s in US) (quite influential)(1) ResourcesA. Puritan heritageAt the end of the 18th century people gradually felt boring about the strict Calvinism. At the same time with the development of science and technology, Americans suspected the old religion. Thus, Unitarianism（唯一理教） appeared. It was a developed school from the Transcendentalism. It stressed "continual progress of mankind" rather than old religion's "man's total depravity”. It influenced Emerson. Emerson once was a preacher of Unitarianism, but he thought there were too many rituals in this religious school. Then he resigned from the position and sought a way for people to worship more freely.Emerson also believed in individuality and the dream of making a Garden of Eden on earth held by old generation Puritans.From Jonathan Edwards Emerson inherited the ideas of inward communication with God and the divine symbolism of nature.B. Foreign influenceGerman Philosophy, especially Kant（康德）Ancient Indian and Chinese works, such as Confucius and Mencius(2) Features (P57)A. Emphasis on Spirit (Oversoul) (超灵)（爱默生在超验主义里强调的超灵相当于过去宗教里上帝的这个角色，在超验主义里超灵是无形的，人生活的世界里所有的一切都来自超灵，超灵在人生活的世界里也无所不在。
美国文学简史第三版复习常耀信
美国文学作者作品Edwards: 爱德华兹The Freedom of the Will 《论意志自由》Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended 《论原罪》The Nature of True Virtue 《论真实德行的本原》名篇：Personal Narrative 《自述》Sinners in the hands of an Angry God 《愤怒上帝手中之罪》Benjamin Franklin:本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷理查德年历》Autobiography 《自传》Washington Irving:华盛顿·欧文A History of New York《纽约外传》The Sketch Book 《见文札记》名篇：Rip Van Winkle《瑞普·温·凡克尔》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《睡谷传奇》James Fenimore Cooper:詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏Leatherstocking Tales 《皮袜子故事集》The Pioneer 《拓荒者》The Prairie 《大草原》The Last of Mohicans《最后的莫希干人》The Pathfinder《探路人》The Deerslayer 《猎鹿者》Ralph Waldo Emerson:拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Nature 《论自然》Self-Reliance 《论自立》Essays 《随笔集》名篇：The American Scholar 《美国学者》（has been regarded as “American Declaration of Intellectual Independence”被誉为美国思想的独立宣言）The PoetHenry David Thoreau:亨利·戴维·梭罗Walden 《瓦尔登湖》Nathaniel Hawthorne:纳撒尼尔·霍桑The Scarlet Letter《红字》The House of the Seven Gables 《七个尖角阁的房子》Mosses from an Old Manse《古厦青苔》The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》The Marble Faun 《玉石神像》Ethan Brand 《伊桑布兰德》Young Goodman Brown 《好小伙子布朗》Dr. Heidggeger’s Experiment 《海德格博士的体验》The Ambitions Guest 《野心勃勃的客人》The Greast Stone Face 《巨石脸》Herman Melville:赫尔曼·梅尔维尔Moby Dick《白鲸》Omoo《欧穆》Mardi《玛地》Typee 《泰比》Redburn 《雷德本》White Jacket 《白外衣》Pierre《皮埃尔》Billy Budd《比利伯德》Benito Gereno《班纳托西兰尼》Walt Whitman:沃尔特·惠特曼Leaves of Grass《草叶集》Songs of Myself《自我之歌》There was a Child Went Forth《有个小孩走过来》I Sing the Body Electric《我歌唱带电的肉体》Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking《走出永不休止地摇动着的摇篮》Emily Dickenson:艾米莉·狄金森My Life Closed Twice before Its Close《我的生命已结束过两次》Because I Can’t Stop for Death《因为我不能等待死亡》I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I died《我死时听到了苍蝇的嗡嗡声》Mine—by the Right of the White Election《我的丈夫—选择如意情人的权利》Wild Nights—Wild Nights《暴风雨夜》William Dean Howells:豪威尔斯The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》Henry James:亨利·詹姆斯The American《美国人》Daisy Miller《黛西·米勒》The Portrait of a Lady《贵妇的画像》The Ambassadors《专使》The Wings of Dove《鸽翼》The Golden Bowl《金碗》Harriet Beecher Stowe:哈丽叶特·比切·斯托Oldtown Folks《老城的人们》Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》Bret Harte:布勒特·哈特The Luck of Roaring Camp《咆哮营的幸运儿》Hamlin Garland:哈姆林·加兰Main-Traveled Roads《大路条条》Sarah Orne Jewett:萨拉·奥恩·朱亚特Deephaven《深深拥有》Kate Chopin:凯特·肖邦Bayou Folk《路易斯安娜移民》A Night in Acadie《爱克迪之夜》The Awakening《觉醒》Mark Twain:马克吐温The Gilded Age《镀金时代》The Adventures of Tom Sawyer《汤姆索亚历险记》The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝利·芬历险记》Mysterious Stranger《神秘的陌生人》The Innocents Abroad《傻子出国记》Mark Twain Autobiography《马克吐温自传》Stephen Crane:斯蒂芬·克莱恩A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎麦琪》The Open Boat《海上扁舟》The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》The Black Riders《黑骑手》Frank Norris:弗兰克·诺里斯McTeague《麦克提格》The Octopus《章鱼》The Pit《深渊》The Responsibilities of the Novelist《小说家的责任》Theodore Dreiser:西奥多·德莱塞Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》Jennie Gerhardt《珍妮姑娘》The Financier《金融家》The Titan《巨人》The Stoic《斯多葛》The Genius《天才》An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》Jack London:杰克·伦敦The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》White Fang《白牙》The Sea Wolf《海狼》Martin Eden《马丁·伊登》The People of the Abyss《深渊中的人们》The Iron Heel《铁蹄》O·Henry:欧·亨利The Gift of the Magi《麦琪的礼物》After Twenty Years《二十年后》The Furnished Room《带家具出租的房间》Cope and the Anthem《警察与赞美诗》The Last Piece of Ivy Leaves《最后一片常春藤叶》Upton Sinclair: 厄普顿·辛克莱The Jungle《丛林》Ezra Pound:埃兹拉·庞德Cathay《华夏集》The Cantos《诗章》Hugh Selwyn Mauberley《休·塞尔温·毛伯利》T·S·Eliot:艾略特The Waste Land《荒原》Four Quartets《四个四重奏》Ash Wednesday《圣灰星期三》Hollow Man《空心人》The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock 《杰·阿尔弗雷德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌》Wallace Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯Harmoniun《风琴》Collected Poems《诗集》Best-known poems: The Emperor of Ice-Cream《冰激凌皇帝》Anecdote of the Jar《坛子的故事》Sunday Morning《星期天早晨》The Idea of Order at Key West《基维斯特的秩序观念》William Carlos William威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯Paterson《帕特森》Robert Frost罗伯特·弗罗斯特Poetry Anthology:A Boy’s Will《少年意志》North of Boston《波士顿以北》Mountain Interval《山间》New Hampshire《新罕普什尔》West-Running Brook《西流的溪涧》A Further Range《又一片牧场》A Witness Tree《一株作证的树》Well-known poem: The Road Not Taken《未选择的路》Carl Sandburg卡尔桑德堡Chicago Poems《芝加哥诗抄》Cornhuskers《剥玉米的人》The American Songbag《美国民歌集成》The Prairie Years《草原年代》The War Years《战争年代》The People, Yes《人民，是的》Complete Poems《诗歌全集》E·E·Cummings肯明斯The Enormous Room《巨大的房子》Hart Crane哈特·克兰The Bridge《桥》Marianne Moore玛丽安·穆尔Collected Poems《诗集》F·Scott Fitzgerald费茨杰拉德This Side of Paradise《人间天堂》The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》Tender is the Night《夜色温柔》Tales of the Jazz《爵士乐时代的故事》The Beautiful and the Damned《漂亮冤家》The Last Tycoon《最后的大亨》Flappers and Philosophers《轻佻女郎与哲学家》Ernest Hemingway海明威The Sun Also Rises《太阳照常升起》Death in the Afternoon《午后之死》The Old Man and the sea《老人与海》Green Hills of Africa《非洲青山》A Farewell to Arms《永别了武器》For Whom the Bell tolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》。
美国文学介绍(殖民主义时期)
Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607
❖ Many of the people who settled in the New World came
to escape religious persecution.
Two Important New England Settlements
1948: T. S. Eliot 艾略特(USA/UK)
❖ 1980: Czeslaw Milosz
米沃什
(Poland/USA)
❖ 1987: Joseph Brodsky
布罗德斯基
(USSR/USA)
❖ Basic common qualities of American Writers: Independent，独立精神 Individualistic，个性意识 Critical，批判精神 Innovative，革新意识 Humorous，幽默风格
How to use the textbook？
❖ 1. the authors ❖ 2. the works ❖ 3. the new words ❖ 4. the related questions
The relationship between English & American Literatures?
❖ Within such a short period, American literature
swiftly developed well matured began to receive international recognition has exercised an impactful effect upon world
美国文学名著选读教学大纲
《美国文学名著选读》教学大纲课程名称：《美国文学名著选读》英文名称：；History and Anthology of American Literature学分： 2学分总学时： 36学时适用专业：英语先修课程：《综合英语》（1,2,3,4册）一、课程性质、教学任务课程类别：专业通用课课程性质：通用选修课本课程的教学对象是高等学校英语专业（四年制）三年级学生。
他们已基本掌握和具备了英语语言文学的听、说、读、写、译的基本技能和基本的文学理论和文学常识。
在此条件下，引导学生发掘文学史演变的规律和文学与其它学科的内在联系。
传授英美国文学的基础知识，发掘美国文学演变的基本规律，树立正确阅读美国文学方式方法。
通过系统、全面的讲授和剖析，训练学生正确阅读和思考、鉴赏的能力，培养学生运用事实检验理论的才能，养成分析问题、解决问题的良好方法，为学生打下扎实、牢固的美国文学史基础。
二、课程教学目的通过本课程学习，培养学生以下专业素质：1.主要作家、作品及主要作品中的主要人物；2.主要文学流派，文学思潮及经典选文；3.主要文学术语；4.经典选段的分析。
通过本课程学习，培养学生以下非专业素质：1.求真务实的作风；2.开拓创新的精神；3.严谨科学的求学观；4.健康向上的人生观。
三、课程教学内容与要求1.殖民时代和独立战争时期Benjamin Franklin2.浪漫主义文学时期1) Washington Irving2) Edgar Allan Poe3) Walt Whitman4) Ralph Emerson5) Henry David Thoreau6) Nathaniel Hawthorne３.现实主义作家1) Mark Twain2) Henry James4.美国自然主义作家1) Jack London2) Theodore Dreiser5.二十世纪二十年代的美国作家1) Ernest Hemingway2) F· Scott Fitzgerald3) Imagism· Ezra Pound4) Robert Frost5) William Faulkner四、教学重点与难点六、实验、实训等实践教学要求本环节主要引导学生将学到的知识与社会生活进行密切融合，并关注与本课内容相关的社会问题等。
外国文学史》课程教案
外国文学史精品课程教案第一章：古希腊文学1.1 教学目标了解古希腊文学的基本概况及其对后世文学的影响。
掌握古希腊三大悲剧家：埃斯库罗斯、索福克勒斯和欧里庇得斯及其代表作。
理解古希腊悲剧的特点和意义。
1.2 教学内容古希腊文学概述：古希腊文学的发展历程、文学特点等。
古希腊悲剧：埃斯库罗斯的代表作《被束缚的普罗米修斯》、索福克勒斯的《俄底浦斯王》、欧里庇得斯的《美狄亚》。
古希腊喜剧：阿里斯托芬的代表作《鸟》等。
1.3 教学方法采用讲授法，系统介绍古希腊文学的基本情况。
案例分析法，深入剖析古希腊悲剧的代表作品。
讨论法，引导学生探讨古希腊文学对后世文学的影响。
1.4 教学资源教材：《外国文学史》（古希腊文学部分）。
课件：古希腊文学概述、悲剧代表作分析等。
影视资源：相关古希腊悲剧的影视作品片段。
1.5 教学评价课堂参与度：学生参与讨论、提问的积极性。
作业完成情况：课后作业、心得体会的完成质量。
期末考试：古希腊文学部分的考试成绩。
第二章：文艺复兴时期文学2.1 教学目标了解文艺复兴时期文学的基本特点及其对现代文学的影响。
掌握文艺复兴时期代表性的作家和作品。
理解文艺复兴时期人文主义思想的内涵。
2.2 教学内容文艺复兴时期文学概述：时期背景、文学特点等。
代表性作家及作品：但丁的《神曲》、莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》、莫尔的《乌托邦》等。
文艺复兴时期人文主义思想：自由、平等、人权等。
2.3 教学方法讲授法：系统介绍文艺复兴时期文学的基本情况和特点。
案例分析法：深入剖析代表性作家和作品。
讨论法：引导学生探讨文艺复兴时期人文主义思想的内涵。
2.4 教学资源教材：《外国文学史》（文艺复兴时期文学部分）。
课件：文艺复兴时期文学概述、代表性作家及作品分析等。
影视资源：相关文艺复兴时期文学作品的影视改编片段。
2.5 教学评价课堂参与度：学生参与讨论、提问的积极性。
作业完成情况：课后作业、心得体会的完成质量。
第三章：17-18世纪文学3.1 教学目标了解17-18世纪文学的主要成就及其对现代文学的影响。
外研社美国文学史及选读(第三版)(第二册)教学课件0 Part V-Introduction
Waste Land, the most significant American poem of the 20th century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.
ICnhatprtoerd3uction
American society. Early in the century Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot published works that would change the nature of American poetry, but their impact (and that of other modernist writers) on the general reading public was slight. The genteel tradition and popular romanticism still dominated the nation’s literary tastes.
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(21-26章)【圣才出品】
第21章自白派•垮掉的一代21.1复习笔记I.The Confessional School（自白派）The term is usually used to certain poets of the United States from the late1950s to the late 1960s.In a broad way,the poetry of this group of poets share common features such as a ruthless, excruciating self-analysis of one’s own background and heritage,one’s own most private desires and fantasies etc.,and the urgent“I’ll-tell-it-all-to-you”impulse.In a sense,it is Lowell who gave the Confessional poetry a new life and a new level of popularity with his ruthless self-dissection. Representatives of the Confessional are School Robert Lowell,Anne Sexton,Sylvia Plath.这一术语用来指20世界50年代末到60年代末的一些美国诗人。
广义上讲，这些诗人的诗歌具有以下共同特点，如对自己的背景和传统，自己的隐私、欲望和幻想等进行无情的、令人痛苦的自我分析，以及一种急切的“我将告诉你一切”的冲动。
从某种程度上讲，洛威尔用他无情的自我剖析使自白诗获得新生也使其成为新时尚。
自白派代表人物是罗伯特·洛威尔、安妮·塞克斯顿、西尔维娅·普拉斯。
《美国文学简史》考研常耀信版考研复习笔记和考研真题
《美国文学简史》考研常耀信版考研复习笔记和考研真题第1章殖民地时期的美国1.1 复习笔记I. American Puritanism（美国清教主义）The settlement of North American continent by the English began in the early part of the seventeenth century. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. In 1620, the ship Mayflower carried about one hundred Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth, Massachusetts. The first settlers in America were quite a few of them Puritans. They came to America out of various reasons. They carried with them American Puritanism which took root in the New World and became the most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature.英国向北美的移民活动开始于17世纪上半叶。
英国于1607年在北美建立了第一个永久性海外殖民区：弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦。
1620年“五月花”号载运100余名移民抵达马萨诸塞州的普利茅斯。
很多美国早期的移民是清教徒，他们出于多种原因来到美国。
他们信奉的清教主义后来在新大陆生根发芽，并对美国思想和美国文学产生了根深蒂固的影响。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】第11章~第14章【圣才出品】
第11章20世纪20年代•意象派•庞德I.Fill in the blanks.1.“In a Station of the Metro”by Ezra Pound goes like this:The apparition of these faces in the crowd;_____.（首师大2008研）【答案】Petals on a wet,black bough.【解析】这是意象派诗人庞德的名作，意为：人群中这些面孔幽灵一般显现，湿漉漉的黑色枝条上许多花瓣。
2._____,by Ezra Pound,employs the complex association of scholarly lore, anthropology,modern history and personages,private history and Witticism,and obscure literary interpolations in various languages.（人大2006研）【答案】The Cantos【解析】庞德的《诗章》包罗万象，是庞德的代表作。
3.Author_____Title_____.（南京大学2007研）The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet,black bough.【答案】Author:Ezra Pound Title:“In a Station of the Metro”【解析】题目节选自庞德的《在一个地铁车站》，该诗是以一个意象作为叙述语言的典型范例。
4.Ezra Pound’s lifelong endeavor had been devoted to the writing of_____,which contains_____poems.（国际关系学院2007研）【答案】The Cantos;117【解析】庞德把毕生精力都投入到写作《诗章》当中，《诗章》共包括117首诗。
《美国文学史及选读》(第三版)(第一册)教学课件Chapter 4 Benjamin Frankli
CChhapatpert3er 4 Benjamin Franklin
Brief Comment Successful in business, renowned in science, this most modern-spirited man
of early Americans also served his nation brilliantly.
born in Boston
went to Philadelphia as a young man and began his career as a printer
was the sole owner of a successful printing shop, and was the editor and publisher of The Pennsylvania Gazette (later The Saturday Evening Post) at twenty-four
CChhapatpert3er 4 Benjamin Franklin
Selections
my Father was impatient to have me bound8 to my Brother. I stood out some time, but at last was persuaded and signed the Indentures9, when I was yet but 12 Years old. I was to serve as an Apprentice till I was 21 Years of Age, only I was to be allow’d Journeyman’s Wages10 during the last Year. In a little time I made great Proficiency in the Business, and became a useful Hand to my Brother. I now had Access to better Books. An Acquaintance with the Apprentices of Booksellers enabled me sometimes to borrow a small one, which I was careful to return soon and clean. Often I sat up in my Room reading the greatest Part of the Night, when the Book was borrow’d in
外国文学史教案(下)
外国文学史教案(下)第一章：20世纪初期的文学1.1 概述20世纪初期的文学背景，包括社会、政治、文化等方面。
1.2 分析20世纪初期的重要文学流派，如现实主义、自然主义、象征主义等。
1.3 以具体作家和作品为例，探讨20世纪初期文学的特点和影响，如高尔基的《母亲》、普鲁斯特的《追忆似水年华》等。
第二章：现代主义文学2.1 介绍现代主义文学的背景和起源，如第一次世界大战后的欧洲文化危机。
2.2 分析现代主义文学的主要特点，如意识流、荒诞性、超现实主义等。
2.3 以詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》、弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《到灯塔去》等为例，探讨现代主义文学的创作手法和主题思想。
第三章：20世纪中后期的文学3.1 概述20世纪中后期的文学背景，包括社会、政治、文化等方面。
3.2 分析20世纪中后期的重要文学流派，如存在主义、魔幻现实主义、后现代主义等。
3.3 以具体作家和作品为例，探讨20世纪中后期文学的特点和影响，如加西亚·马尔克斯的《百年孤独》、托马斯·品钦的《万有引力之虹》等。
第四章：当代文学4.1 介绍当代文学的背景和特点，如全球化和数字化对文学的影响。
4.2 分析当代文学的主要趋势，如多元化、跨界创作、社会参与等。
4.3 以具体作家和作品为例，探讨当代文学的创新和发展，如村上春树、余华等。
第五章：文学理论及批评5.1 介绍20世纪以来的文学理论发展，如形式主义、结构主义、后结构主义等。
5.2 分析文学批评的重要性和方法，如文本分析、历史文化批评、女性主义批评等。
5.3 以具体文学作品和批评家为例，探讨文学理论和批评对文学解读的影响和意义。
第六章：美国文学6.1 概述美国文学的发展历程，从殖民时期到现代。
6.2 分析美国文学的主要流派和特点，如边疆小说、现实主义、现代主义等。
6.3 以具体作家和作品为例，探讨美国文学的发展及其对国家认同、社会变革等方面的影响，如马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》等。