托福听力逻辑信号词汇总
托福听力逻辑信号词汇总
因果关系：因为（原因, 源于）:due to，as，for, because (of), since, owing to, thanks to, come from, result from, initiate from, derive from, arise from, originate from, in that, on account of, be attributed to所以（结果，导致）：therefore, thereby, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, so, so that, as a result (of), result in, bring about, accordingly, account for, give rise to, contribute to, lead to, spark, prompt, be responsible to, stimulate, cause, make, render, spur, push, motivate对比转折关系:in contrast to, while, whereas, nevertheless, instead of, but，yet, conversely, alternatively, on the contrary, contrary to, in contrast, different from, differ from, however, rather than, unlike, in fact, while, meanwhile并列比较关系：or, vice versa, also, as well as, both and, either or, neither nor, in the same way, equally, similarly, similar to, like, just like, unlike，likewise, not only but also, more than.条件关系：if, unless, providing, provided, until, suppose, supposing that, in case, as long as, on condition that, only if, when让步关系：Although, though, even though/if, even, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, anyway, as while(尽管，虽然，即使), still(尽管如此) , now that递进Still, also, indeed, furthermore, moreover, even, besides, additionally, in addition, what’s more经常考察的逻辑关系有: 因果, 转折&让步, 并列&递进, 举例因果关系: 两个事物A和B, A导致了B的发生-常见的表示因果关系的词语:---1. 表示前因后果的逻辑连接词: thus/therefore/hence/consequently, lead to, so, so ... that ..., in order to(前为手段, 后为目的), result in, ...---2. 表示前果后因的逻辑连接词: because, result from, subject to, for/as/since, ...---3. 表示逻辑意味的动词: 作者常在表示因果的逻辑连接词和表示因果的动词之间替换------1. 表示”造成, 确定”意味的动词: determine, cause,make,have, come from, arise from, ...------2. 表示”刺激, 影响”意味的动词: influence, stimulate, trigger, inspire, ...------3. 表示”思考, 联系”意味的单词: establish connections between, reasoning that, ...-常见的因果关系的错误选项:---1. 因果颠倒(常见): 把原句的因果调换位置构成一个错误选项, 所以我们读到因果关系的句子时一定要先明确何者为因, 何者为果---2. 把因果关系替换成必要条件关系: 假如原句的逻辑关系为因果关系, 那么只要在选项中出现了unless, only if等表示必要条件关系的词语, 这个选项就一定为错误选项---3. 把因果关系替换成并列关系: 假如原句中的A和B两个事物之间成因果关系, 但是选项中A和B两个事物呈现并列关系, 那么这个选项就一定为错误选项---4. 遗漏因果关系: 假如原句中含有因果关系, 但是某个选项中却不存在因果关系, 那转折关系&让步关系: A + 转折/让步词+ B, 表示A和B的内容相反-转折关系和让步关系的差别: 转折关系强调的是紧接在转折词之后的内容(I love you, but I canʼt marry you.), 让步关系强调的是不与让步词紧密连接的内容(I love you, although I canʼt marry you.), 也就是说,这两种关系的强调重点不同-常见的表示转折关系的逻辑连接词: but, however, whereas, while, contrary to, ...-常见的表示让步关系的逻辑连接词: even, even though, although, despite, in spite of, ...-一般来说, 原句中的转折/让步关系都在正确选项中得到保留-在复述题中, 转折关系和让步关系是可以互换的(也就是说, 假如原句中出现了转折关系, 但是选项中出现了让步关系, 那么该选项仍然有可能为正确选项)并列关系&递进关系: A和B两个事物的性质/地位相同-并列关系和递进关系之间的差别: 并列关系表示两个事物之间性质/地位完全相同, 递进关系除此之外还表示两个事物之间的程度存在差别-常见的表示并列关系的逻辑连接词: and, also, both, as well as, either ... or ..., neither ..., nor, ...-常见的表示递进关系的逻辑连接词: not only ... but also ..., in addition to, even+比较级, ...-复述题只考察性质的判断, 而不考察程度的差别; 所以在复述题中, 并列关系和递进关系是可以互换的-并列关系假如被替换成了其他关系(因果/转折), 那么这个选项一定是错误选项-一般不作为主考的逻辑关系, 只可能作为出错误选项的一个要点举例关系: 一个观点A, 配上一个相关例子B, B的作用是为了说明A 的正确性-观点往往出现在例子之前, 为观点服务-常见的表示举例关系的逻辑连接词: for example, such as, like, ...-在正确选项中, 具体的例子是可以被省略的, 但是例子想要说明的观点或者结论是必须保留的大家都来到荷塘，挖莲藕抓鱼虾，捉泥鳅捡螃蟹，人声鼎沸，笑语欢声，相互谈说着要如何弄出一顿顿可口的美味。
听力常见逻辑信号词
表示列举，增补关系的信号词and、in addition to that、one more thing 、what’s more 、besides 、either also、too、as well as、for instance 、both and 、together、for example 、further more 、such as、in addition 、likewise、like、similarly、moreover表示转折关系的信号词although 、by contract 、as a matter of fact、nevertheless 、in contrast 、instead、however 、while 、otherwise、though、but 、despite、on the contrary 、on the other hand 、in the same way、in spite of 、yet 、whereas表示顺序或序列关系的信号词first 、before 、first of all、on the right/left、next、to begin with、turn right/left 、afterward、meanwhile、second、last but not least 、for a start、third 、finally、until、between 、firstly 、subsequently、then 、secondly 、previously、in the middle 、for one thing、for another、after 、in the first place表示解释或强调关系的信号词that is 、in particular、i mean、namely、especially、actually、in other words 、that is to say 、specially、another way of saying、equally、表示归纳，结论性关系的信号词as a result、altogether 、finally、in short、therefore 、overall、in sum 、thus、on the whole、in brief 、accordingly、to conclude、in a word 、consequently、to sum up、in conclusion、so 、to summarize、表示因果关系的信号词as a result 、therefore 、since、for 、for this reason 、so、because 、consequently 、as、thus ielts一些起到信号词作用的常用语and now (we will)——most importantly…now tell me….——one more thing before i move on to….——to start with…next, I’d like to…——finally, can you tell us…and what about…——well, that’s about it, except for… right, so the first thing…——i’d like not to move on to…。
托福作文逻辑指示词
Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work
5. 因果 -- 造成，产生
cause/ lead to / result in / give rise to / stem from / due to
an important factor in doing an important driving factor of X an influence on as a consequence of X, it appears that X exerts a powerful effect upon Y through..
3. 假设
Suppose Assuming Imagine Once If
4. 比较
同义比较
Similarly Likewise In the same way Equally important In comparison So does Still As … as
反义比较
Conversely Unlike Apart from Instead On the contrary In contrast While this is true Not so much as
逻辑指示词
1. 原因 – 因为，多亏
thanks to attribute to contribute to be partially responsible for
Owing to Because of As a result of For sake of For reason of
be trumental in
e.q. 她旳帮助对逮捕犯人起到了主要作用
be instrumental in
托福听力必备信号词
托福听力必备信号词在托福听力备考中，对于信号词这一部分是不能忽视的，所以同学们在准备托福听力考试的时候也要总结一些托福听力词汇，今天文都国际教育小编就给大家介绍下托福听力必备信号词。
托福听力必备信号词：表示因果关系as a result 、therefore 、since、for 、for this reason 、so、because 、consequently 、as、thus托福听力必备信号词：表示序列关系first 、before 、first of all、on the right/left、next、to begin with、turn right/left 、afterward、meanwhile、second、last but not least 、for a start、third 、finally、until、between 、firstly 、subsequently、then 、secondly 、previously、in the middle 、for one thing、for another、after 、in the first place托福听力必备信号词：表示结论as a result、altogether 、finally、in short、therefore 、overall、in sum 、thus、on the whole、in brief 、accordingly、to conclude、in a word 、consequently、to sum up、in conclusion、so 、to summarize托福听力必备信号词：表示列举and、in addition to that、one more thing 、what’s more 、besides 、too、as well as、for instance 、both and 、together、for example 、further more 、such as、in addition 、likewise、like、similarly、moreover托福听力必备信号词：表示转折关系although 、by contract 、as a matter of fact、nevertheless 、in contrast 、instead、however 、while 、otherwise、though、but 、despite、on the contrary 、on the other hand 、in the same way、in spite of 、yet 、whereas 托福听力必备信号词：表示强调that is 、in particular、I mean、namely、especially、actually、in other words 、that is to say 、specially、another way of saying、equally托福听力必备信号词：表示定义define, is defined as, known as, that is, the term means, we mean, we can state以上就是小编分享的托福听力必备信号词的详细内容，希望大家了解。
托福听力7大类关键信号词全面讲解
托福听力7大类关键信号词全面讲解托福听力中抓不住关键信息始终是困扰许多同学的老大难问题，而想要解决这个问题有一个比较简单粗暴的方法，今天小编给大家带来了托福听力7大类关键信号词全面讲解，希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
【备考必看】托福听力7大类关键信号词全面讲解什么是信号词?信号词是语篇衔接和连贯的重要手段，它包括逻辑联系语(logical connectives)和段落标题(paragraph headings)。
所以!掌握住听力中的信号词，就相当于把握住了听力的出题点。
下面我们以讲座类材料为例，整理总结了托福听力中的信号词。
1、主题出现在讲座开头的主题类信号词主题类信号词一般出现在讲座开头，例如● Let's...● Today, I will be talking about ...● Today，we’ll focus on/ discuss...但有些讲座的教授在点明主题之前会提及其它信息，例如：● Last time, we talked about ... tod ay, we will be discussing ...● We’ve been talking about ... Today, let’s discuss ...● Continuing ... Today, we will ...此时，today 后面的内容才是关键，不能被today前面的内容误导了。
2、定义被定义的概念是讲座的关键内容下定义也是讲座中常见的内容，被定义的概念是讲座的关键内容，需要做笔记。
此类信号词有：● What I mean is● All that mean s is● which is / that is● in other words，...● ... is referred to as...● ... is named/known/called3、举例教授借例子说明的道理更为关键比起例子中的种种细节，教授借例子说明的道理更为关键。
托福听力信号词-
Sara Tang托福听力中需要重点听的地方:信号词往往是连接句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间的一座桥梁,注意好信号词可以帮助自己进行前后文的判断,准确把握文章内涵。
因果:because (of , so, the reason, why, since, as, for, account for对比:compare to, different from..., unlike..., (not as... as, similar to, resemble, unlike, instead of转折:but,however,nevertheless, yet, still, though, anyhow, even so, in any case, anyway, after all, in spite of, by the way,actually, in fact并列:first, second, third, for a start, for one thing, for another, to begin with, next解释说明(同义重述,举例:that is, namely, or rather, to be more exact, to put it another way, in other words, by definition, this is what we call, this is+现象,for example,(just as, for instance, like, take, say观点:I was wondering, I was thinking, I was hoping, I wanted to(并非过去,都为现在所想, the reason I’m he re 自问自答(for its own sake, for itself强调:especially, again, really, only, distinctive主旨信号词:now, today (I am going to talk about, discuss, 开头处第一个But特殊信号词:数字,人名,时间,地点。
托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词汇总一览
托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词汇总一览托福听力讲座中开头和结尾部分往往是很多题目的出题点所在，因此大家假如能够在听的过程中把握好这两个部分，今日我给大家带来了托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词汇总一览，盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福听力讲座开头结尾常见信号词汇总一览托福听力讲座开头部分信号词一览说话者表达主旨或谈话的目的的语句往往消失在开头的几句话，是把握全局的重点。
信号词：(专家建议考生，每天要把全部的信号词读个几遍，强迫自己听到这个词立刻反应过来这里有考点)Today, we’ll focus on/constrated/discuss…Today, our topic is…Let’s…特别状况(也常常消失)：开头会将讲一些上次课讲的东西，作为复习，之后才是主旨，我们把这种状况称为：Miss start留意：消失Miss Start，上次课讲的东西肯定要听，在这部分很可能出细节题Miss Start 信号词：Before we get started, let’s review what we’ve learned last class…Let’s pick up where we left off last week, OK, as you recall(记得)…Before we begin our discussion on…(此处为本次主题)，Let’s review what we know about…(此处为上次主题)间接开头：In your text book, the author says that… (主题消失)，I thought we all to/should take sometime to talk about it. (不肯定完全一样，但是类型差不多)托福听力讲座结尾部分信号词汇总托福听力的结尾部分往往消失一些总结性信息以及其他一些涉及考点的内容，应充分重视。
托福听力对话主旨题信号词
托福听力对话主旨题信号词
听力对话中常用的信号词有：
- 主题相关的信号词：about, discuss, focus on, the main point, the topic
- 提出观点的信号词：2points of view, opinion, argue, suggest, think, believe, claim, consider
- 引起对话的信号词：problem, issue, question, situation, concern - 对话发展的信号词：first, second, furthermore, moreover, in addition, finally, on the other hand, however
- 对比观点的信号词：but, on the other hand, however, although, despite, even though
- 结论的信号词：in conclusion, to sum up, overall, the main idea, the most important thing
- 谈论细节的信号词：detail, example, instance, explain, show, demonstrate, illustrate, evidence, reason, support, fact, statistic
需要注意的是，托福听力对话主旨题的答案可以是对话的总体概括，也可以是对话中主要争论的观点。
因此，在听力过程中要抓住对话的重点内容，同时注意对话中出现的信号词，以帮助理解并准确回答主旨题。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
因果关系：
因为（原因, 源于）:
due to，as，for, because (of), since, owing to, thanks to, come from, result from, initiate from, derive from, arise from, originate from, in that, on account of, be attributed to
所以（结果，导致）：therefore, thereby, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, so, so that, as a result (of), result in, bring about, accordingly, account for, give rise to, contribute to, lead to, spark, prompt, be responsible to, stimulate, cause, make, render, spur, push, motivate
对比转折关系:
in contrast to, while, whereas, nevertheless, instead of, but，yet, conversely, alternatively, on the contrary, contrary to, in contrast, different from, differ from, however, rather than, unlike, in fact, while, meanwhile
并列比较关系：or, vice versa, also, as well as, both and, either or, neither nor, in the same way, equally, similarly, similar to, like, just like, unlike，likewise, not only but also, more than.
条件关系：if, unless, providing, provided, until, suppose, supposing that, in case, as long as, on condition that, only if, when
让步关系：Although, though, even though/if, even, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, anyway, as while(尽管，虽然，即使), still(尽管如此) , now that
递进
Still, also, indeed, furthermore, moreover, even, besides, additionally, in addition, what’s more
经常考察的逻辑关系有: 因果, 转折&让步, 并列&递进, 举例
因果关系: 两个事物A和B, A导致了B的发生
-常见的表示因果关系的词语:
---1. 表示前因后果的逻辑连接词: thus/therefore/hence/consequently, lead to, so, so ... that ..., in order to(前为手段, 后为目的), result in, ...
---2. 表示前果后因的逻辑连接词: because, result from, subject to, for/as/since, ...
---3. 表示逻辑意味的动词: 作者常在表示因果的逻辑连接词和表示因果的动词之间替换
------1. 表示”造成, 确定”意味的动词: determine, cause,make,
have, come from, arise from, ...
------2. 表示”刺激, 影响”意味的动词: influence, stimulate, trigger, inspire, ...
------3. 表示”思考, 联系”意味的单词: establish connections between, reasoning that, ...
-常见的因果关系的错误选项:
---1. 因果颠倒(常见): 把原句的因果调换位置构成一个错误选项, 所以我们读到因果关系的句子时一定要先明确何者为因, 何者为果
---2. 把因果关系替换成必要条件关系: 假如原句的逻辑关系为因果关系, 那么只要在选项中出现了unless, only if等表示必要条件关系的词语, 这个选项就一定为错误选项
---3. 把因果关系替换成并列关系: 假如原句中的A和B两个事物之间成因果关系, 但是选项中A和B两个事物呈现并列关系, 那么这个选项就一定为错误选项
---4. 遗漏因果关系: 假如原句中含有因果关系, 但是某个选项中却不
存在因果关系, 那
转折关系&让步关系: A + 转折/让步词+ B, 表示A和B的内容相反-转折关系和让步关系的差别: 转折关系强调的是紧接在转折词之后的内容(I love you, but I canʼt marry you.), 让步关系强调的是不与让步词紧密连接的内容(I love you, although I canʼt marry you.), 也就是说,
这两种关系的强调重点不同
-常见的表示转折关系的逻辑连接词: but, however, whereas, while, contrary to, ...
-常见的表示让步关系的逻辑连接词: even, even though, although, despite, in spite of, ...
-一般来说, 原句中的转折/让步关系都在正确选项中得到保留
-在复述题中, 转折关系和让步关系是可以互换的(也就是说, 假如原句中出现了转折关系, 但是选项中出现了让步关系, 那么该选项仍然有可能为正确选项)
并列关系&递进关系: A和B两个事物的性质/地位相同
-并列关系和递进关系之间的差别: 并列关系表示两个事物之间性质/地位完全相同, 递进关系除此之外还表示两个事物之间的程度存在差别
-常见的表示并列关系的逻辑连接词: and, also, both, as well as, either ... or ..., neither ..., nor, ...
-常见的表示递进关系的逻辑连接词: not only ... but also ..., in addition to, even+比较级, ...
-复述题只考察性质的判断, 而不考察程度的差别; 所以在复述题中, 并列关系和递进关系是可以互换的
-并列关系假如被替换成了其他关系(因果/转折), 那么这个选项一定是错误选项
-一般不作为主考的逻辑关系, 只可能作为出错误选项的一个要点
举例关系: 一个观点A, 配上一个相关例子B, B的作用是为了说明A 的正确性
-观点往往出现在例子之前, 为观点服务
-常见的表示举例关系的逻辑连接词: for example, such as, like, ...
-在正确选项中, 具体的例子是可以被省略的, 但是例子想要说明的观点或者结论是必须保留的。