2019届上海市闵行区高三上学期期末(一模)质量调研考试英语试题(word版)
闵行区2018-2019学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bus. D. By bike.2. A. A policeman. B. A postman. C. A doctor. D. A teacher.3. A. He didn’t sleep well last night. B. He did too much work last night.C. He went to bed late last night.D. He worked late with his work.4. A. The man has just missed his flight. B. The plane is delayed due to bad weather.C. The plane will leave at 9:14.D. The departure time is unknown.5. A. Offering a suggestion. B. Starting an argument.C. Stopping a fight.D. Correcting a mistake.6. A. Apply for a discount. B. Read the agreement.C. Fill in the application form.D. Buy a certain product.7. A. The woman was too tired to see the TV programme.B. The man missed part of the TV programme.C. Both of the speakers found the TV programme boring.D. The man regretted wasting time on the TV programme.8. A. Select the data. B. Revise the report.C.Collect more data.D. Present the report.9. A. Go to bed earlier. B. Learn how to be attentive.C. Spend more time outdoors.D. Take her job more seriously.10. A. He feels sorry for the students. B. He is strongly against the punishment.C. He approves of the pr ofessor’s action.D. He offers an option to stop cheating.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Volunteer work and study. B. Work and relaxation.C. Adventurous trip and project.D. Cultural study and local visiting.12. A. It offers ways to learn a new language. B. It helps broaden your horizons.C. It guarantees you to earn money.D. It might take you to unusual places13. A. Volunteering in foreign countries. B. Ways to spend a working holiday.C. Great places for a working holiday.D. The concept of a working holiday. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Committed. B. Flexible. C. Independent. D. Agreeable.15. A. They easily get wounded when doing exercise.B. They feel uncomfortable when they are observed.C. They are serious about their exercise plan.D. They are suitable to take up co-operative sports.16. A. To help people understand what personality type they are.B. To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits.C. To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise.D. To describe different types of exercises available at present. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Student opinions on a biology program.B. The present situation of biology education.C. The treatment and status of biology professors.D. The quality of biology laboratory equipment.18. A. Incapable teaching staff. B. Inaccessible laboratory.C. Insufficient budget.D. Unmotivated students.19. A. It’s unsuitable for complex experiments. B. It’s too complicated to use.C. It’s more than satisfactory.D. It’s much better than expected.20. A. The professorsshould be more devoted to the program.B. Some professors may go elsewhere to teach.C. Some professors can’t get budge to conduct experiments.D. The professors aren’t academically recognized.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed (21) ______ they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice. (22) ______ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, (23) ______ (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don’t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never (24) ______ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.(25) ______ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design(26) ______ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put(27) ______: “You can’t develop new technologyunless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don’t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strong egos(自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼). The consequence is that (28) ______ ______ learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes (29) ______ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. (30) ______ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.They’re still kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group 31 , even from their Millennial (千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may seem slight, but they 32 the appearance of a new generation.The 33 between Millennialelders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has 34 the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically 35 life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguishthemselves as a new generation, which he hasgiven them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is the key. They are 36 from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected—even in class, where cell phones are 37 banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens 38 distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change 39 .“The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid, and w e run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think. We have to give them options because they want their world40 ,” Rosen says.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.After my public lectures on evolution, someone in the audience asks, “Are we still evolving?” People want to know if humans are getting taller, smarter, better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but 41 : We’re almost certainly evolving, but we don’t know in what 42 or how fast.We’ve seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia, but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences. For example, we know that during the past 10,000 years, several populations of humans —those keeping sheep, cows or goats for milk—gained the ability to digest dairy products. This quality was 43 in our earlier ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk. And in the past 3,000 years, Tibetans have acquired 44 adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But these well-documented changes are limited to particular populations, so the 45 for recent evolution of our entire species, remains not much.The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” 46 . Not only, they claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we’re doing it to ourselves. Juan Enr iquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have 47 evolution —not just in our own species but virtually in all species: “For better or worse, we are increasingly in charge. We are the primary drivers of 48 . We will directly and indirectly determine what lives, what dies, where, and when. We are in a different phase of evolution: the future of life is now 49 .”According to the authors, we’ve replaced natural selection with what they call “ 50 selection.” Overfishing, for example, has reduced the ave rage size of many fish species, for taking the biggest fishes is 51 those smaller fishes.Yet while there’s no doubt that we’re changing the planet, the claim that we’re completely changing evolution on the planet 52 . Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger for example. This 53 has been documented in many species that we eat, but this is just a minuscule fraction (极小的一部分) of the 30,000 known species of fish.The authors speak with 54 assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything. When they claim, for example, our ingestion (摄取) of drugs and exposure tochemicals mean that “our children’s brains are evolving fast,” they are abusing (滥用) the word “ 55 .” Our children’s brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological (药理学的) environment, but change alone is not evolution.41. A. instructive B. disappointing C. decisive D. conflicting42. A. direction B. region C. frequency D. condition43. A. beneficial B. adaptable C. unique D. useless44. A. unproved B. changeable C. genetic D. mysterious45. A. study B. evidence C. interest D. implication46. A. disagree B. support C. follow D. approve47. A. delayed B. overdone C. neglected D. controlled48. A. unbalance B. disaster C. change D. disturbance49. A. in our hands B. out of order C. in peace D. out of control50. A. destructive B. unnatural C. adventurous D. emotional51. A. by means of B. at the cost of C. in favor of D. for the protection of52. A. makes no sense B. makes great impressionC. calls attentionD. comes to an end53. A. problem B. mistake C. phenomenon D. obstacle54. A. strong B. baseless C. sensitive D. persuasive55. A. environment B. technology C. exposure D. evolutionSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Once again DC Comics and Warner Bros. have divided fans andcritics over their latest superhero film.There had been worrying news about Justice League in themonths before its release, with a lot of reshoots of scenes, a newdirector being brought in to finish the film after original directorZack Snyder’s tragic loss of his daughter and, of course, a lot of talk about Ben Affleck’s future in the role of Batman.Some people are saying that Justice League is another big disappointment, that it could have been incredible and instead fails to really entertain. Others say that Warner Bros. have finally got it right and that the future for the League looks bright.My opinion lies somewhere in the middle. The film was by no means a disappointment: it was exciting, funny and a lot of fun to watch. There’s something special about watching the heroes from your childhood brought to life on the big screen and maybe that is affecting my opinion.However, I will say that a lot of work needs to be done if the producer wants to make a great success. Although the film was good, it was obvious which scenes had been reshot and how the characters had been changed. I also have to mention the several scenes in which the special effects were very badly done; these are the kinds of problems that you don’t expect to see in a film with such a big budget.Another point to add is that it is good to see the producer making Superman slightly a brighter character and adding some jokes to the plot to keep things fun. But the producer must be careful not to make the mistake that another film producer—here, not mentioning the name—is coming very close to doing: turning all of the films into bright and colorful shows and losing a lot of seriously good stories.In the end, Justice League is not a perfect film but it is definitely not a terrible one.A lot of work is still to be done but I hope that DC does not completely lose its darker side.56. Before the release of Justice League, many people showed their ______.A. pity for the director, Zack SnyderB. concern about the film’s qualityC. higher expectation of the new directorD. support for the actor, Ben Affleck57. According to the author, what’s special about Justice League?A. It advocates social justice.B. It brings lots of fun to the audience.C. It has some brave heroes.D. It brings back childhood memories.58. In Paragraph 5 the author mainly wants to express his ______.A. views on the film’s weaknes sB. advice to the film’s directorC. love for the filmD. expectation of the film’s sequels59. The author mentioned another film producer to ______.A. stress the importance of fun in a filmB. show J ustice League’s lack of a serious plotC. serve as a warning to the producer of Justice LeagueD. set an example for the producer of Justice League(B)60.61. Which of the following statements might the author agree with?A. The subject line is filled with Hey instead of being left blank.B. Using capitals is acceptable when offering congratulations.C. You are supposed to reply to only one person at a time.D. Social network links should be included in your signature.62. In which of the following sentences does the phrase “cry wolf” iscorrectly used?A. Economists are just crying wolf while actually the economic future is not so bad.B. The government is always crying wolf and has never kept the promise to reduce taxes.C. He cried wolf when he received a letter saying that his application had been rejected.D. He just cried wolf in comforting her when he didn’t know what had really happened.(C)The recession (衰退) of 2008-09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity, the followingrecovery for its weakness. The labour market has also broken the rules, as new research from the OECD, a think-tank of mainly rich countries, shows in its annual Employment Outlook.Young people always suffer in recessions. Employers stop hiring them; and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss. But in previous episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups.The researchers focus on movements in “non-employment” as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012. This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment, where people are looking for work, but also inactivity, where people are not seeking jobs. Whereas the average non-employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one-and-a-half points among 25-to 54-year-olds, it has fallen by two points among the 55-64 age group.Why have older employees done so well? In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers, but that did not really help them in past recessions. What has changed, s ays Stefano Scarpetta, head of the OECD’s employment directorate, is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff. In the past,early-retirement policies provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped.Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded. First, it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another; there is no fixed amount of work. And second, as the report shows, young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation: younger people are keen on IT firms, for example, whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries. There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless, but kicking older workers out of the workplace is not one of them.63. By saying “The labour market has also broken the rules”, the author means ______.A. young employees were protected by the governmentB. young employees suffered moderately in labour marketC. old employees suffered very little in the labour marketD. The recession had little impact on labour market64. What do we know about “early-retirement policies” mentioned in the 4th paragraph?A. They proved to be little use and nearly no longer in effect.B. They have effectively helped young employees.C. They financially supported the elderly people.D. They have gain popularity in southern European countries.65. The word “fallacy” (in the last paragraph) probably means “______”.A. common beliefB. wrong conceptC. acceptable assumptionD. wise statement66. Which of the following might the author agree with?A. Early-retirement policies should have been well adoptedby governments.B. Young people should be encouraged into traditional industries.C. Supportive policies should be made to help elderly people when crisis occurs.D. Old people’s remaining in jobs doesn’t necessarily threaten young people’s jobs.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from the best experiences. 67 Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases.68 However, people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would. At this time, people refer only to people who have already achieved what they want to do. Look at any successful person and you’ll notice one thing common in all of them: they took time to learn and mastered their skill like no one else. There is no elevator to success and you have to take the stairs.Be brave to take the road less traveled. In our whole life, we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests, do the same thing everyone does, take the same career path everyone takes, wear the same clothes everyone wears, and hang out with the same people we work with. Why? Because we are scared to fail. But when you get bored of life, you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny is different from anyone else’s out there in the world. 69You don’t have to live your life in a way society wants you to. 70 Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don’t want because other children have selected that career.Worst of all, people follow them without even asking.There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your intere st, sooner or later you’ll realize that you should first do what you think is right.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.As is known to all, many things can be measured in terms of data. Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth. With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day. Obviously, data can make our life easier and more comfortable. What is more important, data seem to be fairer than words or statements. If the data are true, we don’t have to worry about being cheated. Nowadays, as lies exist in the world, data are expected to tell the truth. Therefore, many of us would rather believe data.On the other hand, if we judge things only by data from the so-called specific research, aren’t we a little too narrow-minded? Many people often treat the so-called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions. But sometimes we may find that data aren’t everything. For example, how can you tell that somebody isn’t a good student just because he or she doesn’t get high mar ks in the final examination?There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data. For example, the degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data.There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. We should try our best to be wise thinkers. Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.Data are data after all. Life is much more colorful than the pale data. So give the cold data a warm heart and we’ll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我们相约周末去植物园看花展。
2019年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷
2019年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonly once.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.第1-10每题（1分）；第11-20每题（1.5分）．1．（1分）A．Bycar．B．Onfoot．C．Bybus．D．Bybike．2．（1分）A．Apoliceman．B．Apostman．C．Adoctor．D．Ateacher．3．（1分）A．Hedidn'tsleepwelllastnight．B．Hedidtoomuchworklastnight．C．Hewenttobedlatelastnight．D．Heworkedlatewithhiswork．4．（1分）A．Themanhasjustmissedhisflight．B．Theplaneisdelayedduetobadweather．C．Theplanewillleaveat9：14．D．Thedeparturetimeisunknown．5．（1分）A．Offeringasuggestion．B．Startinganargument．C．Stoppingafight．D．Correctingamistake．6．（1分）A．Applyforadiscount．B．Readtheagreement．C．Fillintheapplicationform．D．Buyacertainproduct．7．（1分）A．ThewomanwastootiredtoseetheTVprogramme．B．ThemanmissedpartoftheTVprogramme．C．BothofthespeakersfoundtheTVprogrammeboring．D．ThemanregrettedwastingtimeontheTVprogramme．8．（1分）A．Selectthedata．B．Revisethereport．C．Collectmoredata．D．Presentthereport．9．（1分）A．Gotobedearlier．B．Learnhowtobeattentive．C．Spendmoretimeoutdoors．D．Takeherjobmoreseriously．10．（1分）A．Hefeelssorryforthestudents．B．Heisstronglyagainstthepunishment．C．Heapprovesoftheprofessor'saction．D．Heoffersanoptiontostopcheating．SectionBDirections：InSectionB，youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation，andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesan dtheconversationwillbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertotheque stionyouhaveheard.11．（4.5分）（1）A．V olunteerworkandstudy．B．Workandrelaxation．C．Adventuroustripandproject．D．Culturalstudyandlocalvisiting．（2）A．Itofferswaystolearnanewlanguage．B．Ithelpsbroadenyourhorizons．C．Itguaranteesyoutoearnmoney．D．Itmighttakeyoutounusualplaces（3）A．Volunteeringinforeigncountries．B．Waystospendaworkingholiday．C．Greatplacesforaworkingholiday．D．Theconceptofaworkingholiday．12．（4.5分）（1）A．Committed．B．Flexible．C．Independent．D．Agreeable．（2）A．Theyeasilygetwoundedwhendoingexercise．B．Theyfeeluncomfortablewhentheyareobserved．C．Theyareseriousabouttheirexerciseplan．D．Theyaresuitabletotakeupco﹣operativesports．（3）A．Tohelppeopleunderstandwhatpersonalitytypetheyare．B．Toexplainhowpersonalcharacteristicsaffectexercisehabits．C．Toidentifythedangersofdoingthewrongtypeofexercise．D．Todescribedifferenttypesofexercisesavailableatpresent．13．（6分）（1）A．Studentopinionsonabiologyprogram．B．Thepresentsituationofbiologyeducation．C．Thetreatmentandstatusofbiologyprofessors．D．Thequalityofbiologylaboratoryequipment．（2）A．Incapableteachingstaff．B．Inaccessiblelaboratory．C．Insufficientbudget．D．Unmotivatedstudents．（3）A．It'sunsuitableforcomplexexperiments．B．It'stoocomplicatedtouse．C．It'smorethansatisfactory．D．It'smuchbetterthanexpected．（4）A．Theprofessorsshouldbemoredevotedtotheprogram．B．Someprofessorsmaygoelsewheretoteach．C．Someprofessorscan'tgetbudgetoconductexperiments．D．Theprofessorsaren'tacademicallyrecognized．GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagiven word，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．（10分）Wewantourchildrentosucceedinschooland，perhapsevenmoreimportantly，inlife．Buttheparadox（悖论）isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceed（1）theyfirstlearnhowtofail．Considerthefindingthatworld﹣classfigureskatersfallovermoreofteninpracticethanlow﹣levelfigureskaters．Whyarethereallygoodskatersfallingoverthemost？Thereasonisactuallyquitesimple．Topskatersareconstantlychallengingthemselvesinpractice．（2）（stretch）theirlimitations，theykeeptryingtheirbest．Theyfalloversooften，butitispreciselywhytheylearnsofast．Lower﹣levelskatershaveaquitedifferentapproach．Theyarealwaysattemptingjumpstheycanalreadydov eryeasily，（3）（remain）withintheircomfortzone．Thisiswhytheydon'tfallover．Inasuperficialsense，theylooksuccessful，becausetheyarealwaysontheirfeet．Never（4）（fail）inpracticepreventsthemfrommakingprogress．（5）istrueofskatingisalsotrueoflife．JamesDysonworkedthrough5，126prototypes（原型）forhisnewestvacuumbeforecomingupwiththedesign（6）madehisfortune．Thesefailureswereessentialtothepathwayoflearning．AsDysonput（7）："Youcan'tdevelopnewtechnologyunlessyoutestnewideasandlearnwhenthingsgowrong．Failur eisessentialtoinvention．"Inhealthcare，however，thingsareverydifferent．Cliniciansdon'tliketoadmittofailure，partlybecausetheyhavestrongegos（自我）﹣particularlytheseniordoctors﹣andpartlybecausetheyfearlitigation（诉讼）．Theconsequenceisthat（8）learningfromfailure，healthcareoftencoversupfailure．Thedirectconsequenceisthatthesamemistakes（9）（repeat）．AccordingtotheJournalofPatientSafety，400，000peopledieeveryyearinAmericanhospitalsaloneduetopreventableerror．（10）healthcarelearnstorespondpositivelytofailure，thingswillnotimprove．SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatt hereisonewordmorethanyouneed.评分标准：每题（1分）．15．（10分）They'restillkids，andalthoughthere'salotthattheexpertsdon'tyetknowaboutthem，onethingtheydoagreeonisthatwhatthekidsuseandexpectfromtheirworldhaschangedrapidly．An dit'sallbecauseoftechnology．Tothepsychologists，sociologists，andmediaexpertswhostudythem，theirdigitaldevicessetthisnewgroup（1），evenfromtheirMillennial（千禧年的）elders，whoarequitefamiliarwithtechnology．Theywanttobeconstantlyconnectedandavailableinawaye ventheirolderbrothersandsistersdon'tquiteget．Thesedifferencesmayseemslight，butthey（2）theappearanceofanewgeneration．The（3）betweenMillennialeldersandthisyoungergroupwassoevidenttopsychologistLarryRosenthatheha s（4）thebirthofanewgenerationinanewbook，Rewired：UnderstandingtheingenerationandtheWayTheyLearn，outnextmonth．Rosensaysthetechnically （5）lifeexperienceofthosebornsincetheearly1990sissodifferentfromtheMillennialeldershewroteabo utinhis2007book，Me，MySpaceandI：ParentingtheNetGeneration，thattheydistinguishthemselvesasanewgeneration，whichhehasgiventhemthenicknameof"ingeneration"．Rosensaysportabilityisthekey．Theyare（6）fromtheirwirelessdevices，whichallowthemtotextaswellastalk，sotheycanbeconstantlyconnected﹣eveninclass，wherecellphonesare（7）banned．Manyresearchersaretryingtodeterminewhethertechnologysomehowcausesthebrainsofyoungpe opletobewireddifferently．"Theyshouldbedistractedandshouldperformmorepoorlythantheydo，"Rosensays．"Butfindingsshowteens（8）distractionsmuchbetterthanwewouldpredictbytheirageandtheirbraindevelopment．"Becausethesekidsaremoredevotedtotechnologyatyoungerages，Rosensays，theeducationalsystemhastochange（9）．"Thegrowthontheuseoftechnologywithchildrenisveryrapid，andweruntheriskofbeingoutofstepwiththisgenerationasfarashowtheylearnandhowtheythink．Wehavetogivethemoptionsbecausetheywanttheirworld（10），"Rosensays．ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.评分标准：每题（1分）．16．（15分）Aftermypubliclecturesonevolution，someoneintheaudienceasks，"Arewestillevolving？"Peoplewanttoknowifhumansaregettingtaller，smarter，betterlookingormoreathletic．Myansweristruthfulbut（1）：We'realmostcertainlyevolving，butwedon'tknowinwhat（2）orhowfast．We'veseensomeevolutioninourspeciesoverthepastfewmillennia，butitwasdetectedbyreconstructinghistoryfromDNAsequences．Forexample，weknowthatduringthepast10，000years，severalpopulationsofhumans﹣thosekeepingsheep，cowsorgoatsformilk﹣gainedtheabilitytodigestdairyproducts．Thisqualitywas（3）inourearlierancestorswho，afterbabyhood，neverencounteredmilk．Andinthepast3，000years，Tibetanshaveacquired（4）adaptationsthatallowedthemtodevelopwellintheirhigh﹣altitude，low﹣oxygenhome．Butthesewell﹣documentedchangesarelimitedtoparticularpopulations，sothe（5）forrecentevolutionofourentirespecies，remainsnotmuch．Theauthorsof"EvolvingOurselves"（6）．Notonly，theyclaim，areweevolvingfasterthanever，butwe'redoingittoourselves．JuanEnriquezandSteveGullansarguethathumanshave（7）evolution﹣notjustinourownspeciesbutvirtuallyinallspecies："Forbetterorworse，weareincreasinglyincharge．Wearetheprimarydriversof （8）．Wewilldirectlyandindirectlydeterminewhatlives，whatdies，where，andwhen．Weareinadifferentphaseofevolution：thefutureoflifeisnow（9）．" Accordingtotheauthors，we'vereplacednaturalselectionwithwhattheycall"（10）selection．"Overfishing，forexample，hasreducedtheaveragesizeofmanyfishspecies，fortakingthebiggestfishesis（11）thosesmallerfishes．Yetwhilethere'snodoubtthatwe'rechangingtheplanet，theclaimthatwe'recompletelychangingevolutionontheplanet（12）．Let'stakethosefishthatareevolvingtoreproducesmallerandyoungerforexample．This （13）hasbeendocumentedinmanyspeciesthatweeat，butthisisjustaminusculefraction（极小的一部分）ofthe30，000knownspeciesoffish．Theauthorsspeakwith（14）assuranceabouthowourspeciesisevolvinginresponsetonearlyeverything．Whentheyclaim，forexample，ouringestion（摄取）ofdrugsandexposuretochemicalsmeanthat"ourchildren'sbrainsareevolvingfast，"theyareabusing（滥用）theword"（15）．"Ourchildren'sbrainsmaybechangingfastinresponsetothenewpharmacological（药理学的）environment，butchangealoneisnotevolution．（1）A．instructive B．disappointing C．decisive D．conflicting（2）A．direction B．region C．frequency D．condition（3）A．beneficial B．adaptable C．unique D．useless（4）A．unproved B．changeable C．genetic D．mysterious（5）A．study B．evidence C．interest D．implication（6）A．disagree B．support C．follow D．approve（7）A．delayed B．overdone C．neglected D．controlled（8）A．unbalance B．disaster C．change D．disturbance（9）A．inourhands B．outoforder C．inpeace D．outofcontrol （10）A．destructive B．unnatural C．adventurous D．emotional（11）A．bymeansof B．atthecostof C．infavorof D．fortheprotectionof （12）B．makesgreatimpression C．callsattention D．comestoanend A．makesnosense（13）A．problem B．mistake C．phenomenon D．obstacle（14）A．strong B．baseless C．sensitive D．persuasive（15）A．environment B．technology C．exposure D．evolution SectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstate ments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustre ad.17．（8分）OnceagainDCComicsandWarnerBros．havedividedfansandcriticsovertheirlatestsuperherofilm．TherehadbeenworryingnewsaboutJusticeLeagueinthemonthsbeforeitsrelease，withalotofreshootsofscenes，anewdirectorbeingbroughtintofinishthefilmafteroriginaldirectorZackSnyder'stragiclossofhisda ughterand，ofcourse，alotoftalkaboutBenAffleck'sfutureintheroleofBatman．SomepeoplearesayingthatJusticeLeagueisanotherbigdisappointment，thatitcouldhavebeenincredibleandinsteadfailstoreallyentertain．OtherssaythatWarnerBros．h avefinallygotitrightandthatthefuturefortheLeaguelooksbright．Myopinionliessomewhereinthemiddle．Thefilmwasbynomeansadisappointment：itwasexciting，funnyandalotoffuntowatch．There'ssomethingspecialaboutwatchingtheheroesfromyourchildh oodbroughttolifeonthebigscreenandmaybethatisaffectingmyopinion．However，Iwillsaythatalotofworkneedstobedoneiftheproducerwantstomakeagreatsuccess．Althoughthef ilmwasgood，itwasobviouswhichsceneshadbeenreshotandhowthecharactershadbeenchanged．Ialsohavetom entiontheseveralscenesinwhichthespecialeffectswereverybadlydone；thesearethekindsofproblemsthatyoudon'texpecttoseeinafilmwithsuchabigbudget．AnotherpointtoaddisthatitisgoodtoseetheproducermakingSupermanslightlyabrightercharactera ndaddingsomejokestotheplottokeepthingsfun．Buttheproducermustbecarefulnottomakethemi stakethatanotherfilmproducer﹣here，notmentioningthename﹣iscomingveryclosetodoing：turningallofthefilmsintobrightandcolorfulshowsandlosingalotofseriouslygoodstories．Intheend，JusticeLeagueisnotaperfectfilmbutitisdefinitelynotaterribleone．Alotofworkisstilltobedonebut IhopethatDCdoesnotcompletelyloseitsdarkerside．（1）BeforethereleaseofJusticeLeague，manypeopleshowedtheir．A．pityforthedirector，ZackSnyderB．concernaboutthefilm'squalityC．higherexpectationofthenewdirectorD．supportfortheactor，BenAffleck（2）Accordingtotheauthor，what'sspecialaboutJusticeLeague？A．Itadvocatessocialjustice．B．Itbringslotsoffuntotheaudience．C．Ithassomebraveheroes．D．Itbringsbackchildhoodmemories．（3）InParagraph5theauthormainlywantstoexpresshis．A．viewsonthefilm'sweaknessB．advicetothefilm'sdirectorC．loveforthefilmD．expectationofthefilm'ssequels（4）Theauthormentionedanotherfilmproducerto．A．stresstheimportanceoffuninafilmB．showJusticeLeague'slackofaseriousplotC．serveasawarningtotheproducerofJusticeLeagueD．setanexamplefortheproducerofJusticeLeague18．（6分）（1）Accordingtothepassage，itisgoodhabitto whenyouarewritingyouremail．A．includeallofyoursocialnetworklinks B．sendyouremailstoallofyourcoworkers C．usedifferentfontsizetomakethemassagevividD．keepthesubjectlinebrief（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsmighttheauthoragreewith？A．ThesubjectlineisfilledwithHeyinsteadofbeingleftblank．B．Usingcapitalsisacceptablewhenofferingcongratulations．C．Youaresupposedtoreplytoonlyonepersonatatime．D．Socialnetworklinksshouldbeincludedinyoursignature．（3）Inwhichofthefollowingsentencesdoesthephrase"crywolf"iscorrectlyused？A．Economistsarejustcryingwolfwhileactuallytheeconomicfutureisnotsobad．B．Thegovernmentisalwayscryingwolfandhasneverkeptthepromisetoreducetaxes．C．Hecriedwolfwhenhereceivedalettersayingthathisapplicationhadbeenrejected．D．Hejustcriedwolfincomfortingherwhenhedidn'tknowwhathadreallyhappened．19．（8分）Therecession（衰退）of2008﹣09wasremarkableinrichcountriesforitsintensity，thefollowingrecoveryforitsweakness．Thelabourmarkethasalsobrokentherules，asnewresearchfromtheOECD，athink﹣tankofmainlyrichcountries，showsinitsannualEmploymentOutlook．Youngpeoplealwayssufferinrecessions．Employersstophiringthem；andtheyoftengetridofnewrecruitsbecausetheyareeasiertodismiss．Butinpreviousepisodes，suchastherecessionsofthe1970s，1980sand1990s，olderworkerswerealsokickedoff．Thistimeisdifferent．Duringthefinancialcrisisin2008，andsince，theyhavedonebetterthanotheragegroups．Theresearchersfocusonmovementsin"non﹣employment"asashareofthetotalpopulationinthreeagegroupsbetweenthefinalquartersof2007and 2012．Thismeasurehastheadvantageofincludingnotjustunemployment，wherepeoplearelookingforwork，butalsoinactivity，wherepeoplearenotseekingjobs．Whereastheaveragenon﹣employmentrateintheOECDhasrisenbyfourpercentagepointsamongyoungpeopleandbyone﹣and﹣a﹣halfpointsamong25﹣to54﹣year﹣olds，ithasfallenbytwopointsamongthe55﹣64agegroup．Whyhaveolderemployeesdonesowell？InsomesouthernEuropeancountriestheybenefitfromjobprotectionnotaffordedtoyoungerworkers，butthatdidnotreallyhelptheminpastrecessions．Whathaschanged，saysStefanoScarpetta，headoftheOECD'semploymentdirectorate，isthatfirmsnowbearthefullcostsofgettingridofolderstaff．Inthepast，early﹣retirementpoliciesprovidedbygovernments （inthemistakenbeliefthatthesewouldhelpyoungpeople）madeitcheapertopushgrey﹣hairedworkersoutofthedoor．Thesehavelargelystopped．Manywillarguethatolderworkershavedonebetterattheexpenseoftheyoung．Thatviewiswronghe aded．First，itisafallacythatajobgainedforonepersonisajoblostforanother；thereisnofixedamountofwork．Andsecond，asthereportshows，youngandoldpeoplearebyandlargenotsubstitutesintheworkplace．Theydodifferenttypesofwork indifferenttypesofoccupation：youngerpeoplearekeenonITfirms，forexample，whereasolderfolktendtobeemployedinmoretraditionalindustries．Thereareplentyofthingsthats houldbedonetohelptheyoungjobless，butkickingolderworkersoutoftheworkplaceisnotoneofthem．（1）Bysaying"Thelabourmarkethasalsobrokentherules"，theauthormeans．A．youngemployeeswereprotectedbythegovernment B．youngemployeessufferedmoderatelyinlabourmarket C．oldemployeessufferedverylittleinthelabourmarket D．Therecessionhadlittleimpactonlabourmarket（2）Whatdoweknowabout"early﹣retirementpolicies"mentionedinthe4th paragraph？A．Theyprovedtobelittleuseandnearlynolongerineffect．B．Theyhaveeffectivelyhelpedyoungemployees．C．Theyfinanciallysupportedtheelderlypeople．D．TheyhavegainpopularityinsouthernEuropeancountries．（3）Theword"fallacy"（inthelastparagraph）probablymeans""．A．commonbeliefB．wrongconceptC．acceptableassumptionD．wisestatement（4）Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith？A．Early﹣retirementpoliciesshouldhavebeenwelladoptedbygovernments．B．Youngpeopleshouldbeencouragedintotraditionalindustries．C．Supportivepoliciesshouldbemadetohelpelderlypeoplewhencrisisoccurs．D．Oldpeople'sremaininginjobsdoesn'tnecessarilythreatenyoungpeople'sjobs．SectionCDirections：Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentenceca nbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.评分标准：每题（2分）．20．（8分）Lifeisnoteasywhenyouarelookingforsomethingworthwhileandreadytolearnfromthebestexperie nces．（1）Herearesomelifelessonswhichpeoplewilllearnthehardwayinmajorityofcases．（2）However，peopleusuallygetdiscouragedwhenittakesmoretimethantheythoughtitwould．Atthistime，peoplereferonlytopeoplewhohavealreadyachievedwhattheywanttodo．Lookatanysuccessfulpe rsonandyou'llnoticeonethingcommoninallofthem：theytooktimetolearnandmasteredtheirskilllikenooneelse．Thereisnoelevatortosuccessandyouh avetotakethestairs．Bebravetotaketheroadlesstraveled．Inourwholelife，wealwayswanttofollowthesamepaththateveryonesuggests，dothesamethingeveryonedoes，takethesamecareerpatheveryonetakes，wearthesameclotheseveryonewears，andhangoutwiththesamepeopleweworkwith．Why？Becausewearescaredtofail．Butwhenyougetboredoflife，yourealizethatyouarenotmeanttodowhateveryonedoesandthatyourdestinyisdifferentfromanyon eelse'soutthereintheworld．（3）Youdon'thavetoliveyourlifeinawaysocietywantsyouto．（4）Parentssometimesforcetheirchildrentoselectacareertheydon'twantbecauseotherchildrenhavesel ectedthatcareer．Worstofall，peoplefollowthemwithoutevenasking．Thereisnoharminbelievinginoldbeliefsbutwhenyoupur suethembeforeyourinterest，soonerorlateryou'llrealizethatyoushouldfirstdowhatyouthinkisright．SummaryWriting21．（10分）Directions：Readthefollowingpassage．Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words．Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible．Asisknowntoall，manythingscanbemeasuredintermsofdata．Sometimesdatacanindeedtellthetruth．Withthehel pofdatawecaneasilyknowthepriceofacanofCokeinthesupermarketortheresultofafootballmatcho rthetemperatureofacertainday．Obviously，datacanmakeourlifeeasierandmorecomfortable．Whatismoreimportant，dataseemtobefairerthanwordsorstatements．Ifthedataaretrue，wedon'thavetoworryaboutbeingcheated．Nowadays，asliesexistintheworld，dataareexpectedtotellthetruth．Therefore，manyofuswouldratherbelievedata．Ontheotherhand，ifwejudgethingsonlybydatafromtheso﹣calledspecificresearch，aren'twealittletoonarrow﹣minded？Manypeopleoftentreattheso﹣calledspecificdataunwiselyjusttomakesurethattheyaremakingtherightdecisions．Butsometime swemayfindthatdataaren'teverything．Forexample，howcanyoutellthatsomebodyisn'tagoodstudentjustbecauseheorshedoesn'tgethighmarksinthefin alexamination？Therearemanythingsinourlifewhichcannotbemeasuredbydata．Forexample，thedegreeofyourfeelinghappyinyourlife，thedepthoflovebetweenyouandyourfriends，andthefaithyouhaveinyourcountry．Wecanonlyfeeltheminourheartsbutcanneverexpressthemin data．Thereisnodoubtthatanalyzingtheexactdataisimportanttoassessmentofanactualevent．Butdatas houldbedealtwithwisely．Weoftengetwrongdatawhichmisleadus．Weshouldtryourbesttobewisethinkers．Remember，datahavenofeelingbutwehumanshave．Datadonotmeanmuchtopeopleifwedonothavetheabiliti estoanalyzethedatawiththeknowledgeandconfidencetojudgewhethertheyaretrueorfalse．Dataaredataafterall．Lifeismuchmorecolorfulthanthepaledata．Sogivethecolddataawarmhear tandwe'llfindthattheworldisfarmorewonderfulthanthepaledatacandescribe．TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.22．（3分）我们相约周末去植物园看花展．（appointment）23．（3分）这家超市商品种类繁多，能满足不同的消费需求．（variety）24．（4分）如果父母在教育孩子的问题上意见一致，家庭就会更加和睦．（share）25．（5分）许多学校已将剪纸之类的民间艺术引入课堂，这不但培养了学生的动手能力，也提高了他们的艺术鉴赏力．（notonly…）GuidedWriting26．（25分）Directions：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120﹣150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese．假设你们学校正在向学生征询开设选修课（optionalcourse）的有关事宜．请你写信给校长，提出你希望开设的选修课的名称，并简要说说这门课应该涉及的主要内容以及开设这门选修课的意义．2019年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonly once.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.第1-10每题（1分）；第11-20每题（1.5分）．1．（1分）A．Bycar．B．Onfoot．C．Bybus．D．Bybike．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】D【点评】略2．（1分）A．Apoliceman．B．Apostman．C．Adoctor．D．Ateacher．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略3．（1分）A．Hedidn'tsleepwelllastnight．B．Hedidtoomuchworklastnight．C．Hewenttobedlatelastnight．D．Heworkedlatewithhiswork．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略4．（1分）A．Themanhasjustmissedhisflight．B．Theplaneisdelayedduetobadweather．C．Theplanewillleaveat9：14．D．Thedeparturetimeisunknown．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】D【点评】略5．（1分）A．Offeringasuggestion．B．Startinganargument．C．Stoppingafight．D．Correctingamistake．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略6．（1分）A．Applyforadiscount．B．Readtheagreement．C．Fillintheapplicationform．D．Buyacertainproduct．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略7．（1分）A．ThewomanwastootiredtoseetheTVprogramme．B．ThemanmissedpartoftheTVprogramme．C．BothofthespeakersfoundtheTVprogrammeboring．D．ThemanregrettedwastingtimeontheTVprogramme．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略8．（1分）A．Selectthedata．B．Revisethereport．C．Collectmoredata．D．Presentthereport．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略9．（1分）A．Gotobedearlier．B．Learnhowtobeattentive．C．Spendmoretimeoutdoors．D．Takeherjobmoreseriously．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略10．（1分）A．Hefeelssorryforthestudents．B．Heisstronglyagainstthepunishment．C．Heapprovesoftheprofessor'saction．D．Heoffersanoptiontostopcheating．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略SectionBDirections：InSectionB，youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation，andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesan dtheconversationwillbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertotheque stionyouhaveheard.11．（4.5分）（1）A．V olunteerworkandstudy．B．Workandrelaxation．C．Adventuroustripandproject．D．Culturalstudyandlocalvisiting．（2）A．Itofferswaystolearnanewlanguage．B．Ithelpsbroadenyourhorizons．C．Itguaranteesyoutoearnmoney．D．Itmighttakeyoutounusualplaces（3）A．Volunteeringinforeigncountries．B．Waystospendaworkingholiday．C．Greatplacesforaworkingholiday．D．Theconceptofaworkingholiday．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】11．B12．C13．D【点评】略12．（4.5分）（1）A．Committed．B．Flexible．C．Independent．D．Agreeable．（2）A．Theyeasilygetwoundedwhendoingexercise．B．Theyfeeluncomfortablewhentheyareobserved．C．Theyareseriousabouttheirexerciseplan．D．Theyaresuitabletotakeupco﹣operativesports．（3）A．Tohelppeopleunderstandwhatpersonalitytypetheyare．B．Toexplainhowpersonalcharacteristicsaffectexercisehabits．C．Toidentifythedangersofdoingthewrongtypeofexercise．D．Todescribedifferenttypesofexercisesavailableatpresent．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】14．A15．D16．B【点评】略13．（6分）（1）A．Studentopinionsonabiologyprogram．B．Thepresentsituationofbiologyeducation．C．Thetreatmentandstatusofbiologyprofessors．D．Thequalityofbiologylaboratoryequipment．（2）A．Incapableteachingstaff．B．Inaccessiblelaboratory．C．Insufficientbudget．D．Unmotivatedstudents．（3）A．It'sunsuitableforcomplexexperiments．B．It'stoocomplicatedtouse．C．It'smorethansatisfactory．D．It'smuchbetterthanexpected．（4）A．Theprofessorsshouldbemoredevotedtotheprogram．B．Someprofessorsmaygoelsewheretoteach．C．Someprofessorscan'tgetbudgetoconductexperiments．D．Theprofessorsaren'tacademicallyrecognized．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】17．A18．C19．A20．B【点评】略GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagiven word，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．（10分）Wewantourchildrentosucceedinschooland，perhapsevenmoreimportantly，inlife．Buttheparadox（悖论）isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceed（1）if/when theyfirstlearnhowtofail．Considerthefindingthatworld﹣classfigureskatersfallovermoreofteninpracticethanlow﹣levelfigureskaters．Whyarethereallygoodskatersfallingoverthemost？Thereasonisactuallyquitesimple．Topskatersareconstantlychallengingthemselvesinpractice．（2）Tostretch（stretch）theirlimitations，theykeeptryingtheirbest．Theyfalloversooften，butitispreciselywhytheylearnsofast．Lower﹣levelskatershaveaquitedifferentapproach．Theyarealwaysattemptingjumpstheycanalreadydov eryeasily，（3）remaining（remain）withintheircomfortzone．Thisiswhytheydon'tfallover．Inasuperficialsense，theylooksuccessful，becausetheyarealwaysontheirfeet．Never（4）failing（fail）inpracticepreventsthemfrommakingprogress．（5）What istrueofskatingisalsotrueoflife．JamesDysonworkedthrough5，126prototypes （原型）forhisnewestvacuumbeforecomingupwiththedesign（6）which/that madehisfortune．Thesefailureswereessentialtothepathwayoflearning．AsDysonput（7）it："Youcan'tdevelopnewtechnologyunlessyoutestnewideasandlearnwhenthingsgowrong．Failur eisessentialtoinvention．"Inhealthcare，however，thingsareverydifferent．Cliniciansdon'tliketoadmittofailure，partlybecausetheyhavestrongegos（自我）﹣particularlytheseniordoctors﹣andpartlybecausetheyfearlitigation（诉讼）．Theconsequenceisthat（8）insteadof learningfromfailure，healthcareoftencoversupfailure．Thedirectconsequenceisthatthesamemistakes（9）arerepeated（repeat）．AccordingtotheJournalofPatientSafety，400，000peopledieeveryyearinAmericanhospitalsaloneduetopreventableerror．（10）Unless healthcarelearnstorespondpositivelytofailure，thingswillnotimprove．【考点】N6：语法填空．【分析】本文章是一篇议论文，论证了"失败是孩子成功的必要条件"这一观点．【解答】1．if/when．考查连词，如果/当他们学会如何失败，可以是时间状语从句也可以是条件状语从句，故填if/when．2．Tostretch．考查不定式，为了扩展极限，表示目的，故填tostretch．3．remaining．考查非谓语，they与remain是主动关系，故填现在分词做状语，故填remaining．4．failing．考查动名词，failing在句中做主语，故填动名词failing．5．What．考查连词，该句中what引导主语从句，因为从句缺少主语，故填what．6．which/that．考查连词，先行词是design，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which/that．7．it．考查代词，正如某人所说：assbputsit，是常见搭配，故填it．8．insteadof．考查固定搭配，insteadof：而不是，不是从失败中学习，故填insteadof．9．arerepeated．考查语态，主语是mistakes，错误被重复，故填arerepeated．10．Unless．考查连词，除非学会积极应对失败，除非：unless，故填Unless．【点评】对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定．SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatt hereisonewordmorethanyouneed.评分标准：每题（1分）．15．（10分）They'restillkids，andalthoughthere'salotthattheexpertsdon'tyetknowaboutthem，onethingtheydoagreeonisthatwhatthekidsuseandexpectfromtheirworldhaschangedrapidly．An dit'sallbecauseoftechnology．Tothepsychologists，sociologists，andmediaexpertswhostudythem，theirdigitaldevicessetthisnewgroup（1）J，evenfromtheirMillennial（千禧年的）elders，whoarequitefamiliarwithtechnology．Theywanttobeconstantlyconnectedandavailableinawaye ventheirolderbrothersandsistersdon'tquiteget．Thesedifferencesmayseemslight，butthey（2）E theappearanceofanewgeneration．The（3）H betweenMillennialeldersandthisyoungergroupwassoevidenttopsychologistLarryRosenthatheha s（4）A thebirthofanewgenerationinanewbook，Rewired：UnderstandingtheingenerationandtheWayTheyLearn，outnextmonth．Rosensaysthetechnically （5）G lifeexperienceofthosebornsincetheearly1990sissodifferentfromtheMillennialeldershewroteabo utinhis2007book，Me，MySpaceandI：ParentingtheNetGeneration，thattheydistinguishthemselvesasanewgeneration，whichhehasgiventhemthenicknameof"ingeneration"．Rosensaysportabilityisthekey．Theyare（6）K fromtheirwirelessdevices，whichallowthemtotextaswellastalk，sotheycanbeconstantlyconnected﹣eveninclass，。
2019-2020学年上海市闵行中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年上海市闵行中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABest Online Bachelor's ProgramsAn online college degree may appeal to those who want to take lasses while working full time. Choosing where to sign up online will likely be challenging, but below you'll find advice and other resources to make your search easier.•ArizonaStateUniversityASU relies upon cutting-edge technology and world-class educators to offer degree programs that fit into any lifestyle. Its courses employ advanced technology, such as our virtual labs, adaptive learning and virtual community, to provide real-world experiences to prepare graduates for their chosen industry.ADMISSION: 15,321TUITION: S413•UniversityofIllinoisUI is a top-ranked, diverse research institution and an approved SARA institution. For UTs degree completion programs, students transfer with an associate degree or 57-60 credits. All of the online classes arc recorded so students can access lecture material at their convenience.ADMISSION: 385TUITION: S462•UniversityofFloridaUF Online is a fully-online degree pathway giving students access to the same teachers in UF. Courses arc designed and taught by UF's well-known teachers. Students feel connected, frequently communicating with teachers and their fellow students.ADMISSION: 3,340TUITION: $500•OhioStateUniversityThe courses of OSU online bachelor's programs are all related to health science. The online programs are flexible providing students with the knowledge to enter professional medical practice or prepare them for moreadvanced roles in their fields.ADMISSION: 542TUITION: 56421. What's special aboutArizonaStateUniversity?A. It is an approved SARA institution.B. It provides the most expensive programs.C. It offers some technology-assisted courses.D. It admits fewer students than other universities.2. Which university’s, online programs favor medical students?A.ArizonaStateUniversity.B.UniversityofIllinois.C.UniversityofFlorida.D.OhioStateUniversity.3. What's the purpose of this passage?A. To advertise free online programs.B. To call on people to sign up online.C. To introduce some best online programs.D. To provide access to the best universities.BMy sister Alice and I have been trying to get people tostop dropping cigarette（香烟）butts（烟头）for seven years. One day, we were walking in our hometown and saw hundreds of cigarette butts on the ground. They made the town look so ugly that we decided to start a group to make people dropping butts. We called it “No Butts About It”.At first, we drew pictures with “The Earth is not your ashtray（烟灰缸）”written on them. We put the pictures around our hometown—in parks, by beaches, and along roads. We wanted to make people understand that dropping butts hurts the environment. Most smokers don’t think that dropping butts hurts the Earth. But it does, and all rubbish does!Later, we wrote to companies and asked them for money to help us. We used the money to buy ashtrays to give to smokers. We wanted smokers to carry the ashtrays with them so they didn’t have to drop butts.At the moment, we are trying to get cigarette companies to put an ashtray in each pack of cigarettes. Some companies want to do it. Many people have started to join our group since it began. Today there are 45 other “No Butts About It” groups inAmerica.Now there even groups inEngland,Australia, andIndia! Many newspapers have written about my sister and me over the last seven years. And we have won many prizes for what we do. But we are not interested in prizes. We just want to make the Earth a better and cleaner place for animals, plants and people.One day, it will be.4. What did the writer think about the cigarette butts in the first place?A. They made the town smelly.B. They made the town unhealthy.C. They made the town dirty.D. They made the town poor.5. What does the writer do with the cigarette butts?A. Give ashtrays to the smokers.B. Stop people buying cigarettes.C. Pick up the cigarette butts.D. Win prizes for starting groups.6. From the passage we can know that _____.A. no companies wanted to give money to themB. The writer believes that the Earth will be a better and cleaner placeC. There are only 45”No Butts About It”D. The writer likes to be on newspapers and win prizes27. Which is the best tittle for the passage?A. Save our Town From Cigarette Butts.B. Buy Yourself An Ashtray.C. Cigarette Butts Also Destroy Other Countries.D. No Butts Prize.CEvery day, millions of shoppers hit the stores in full force, searching wildly for the perfect gift.Aside from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, and graduations. This frequent experience of gift-giving cancause uncertain feelings in gift-givers. Many enjoy the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds, while many worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended recipients (接受者).Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive social process, serving various political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favorable view. According to Waldfogel, gift-giving represents an objective wasteof resources. People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to buy on their own, or at least not spend as much money to purchase (a phenomenon referred to as‘‘the deadweight loss of Christmas”).What is surprising is that gift-givers have much experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients, but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift. In the present research, we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problem — gift-givers link how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift. Though it seems natural to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we propose that gift-recipients will be less likely to base their feelings of appreciation on the value of a gift than givers assume.Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely linked to gift-recipients’ feelings of appreciation? Perhaps givers believe that more expensive gifts communicate a stronger sense ofthoughtfulness and consideration. According to Camerer and others, gift-giving represents a symbolic ritual (习俗), by which gift-givers attempt to signal their positive attitudes towards the recipient and their willingness to invest resources in a futurerelationship. In this sense, gift-givers may be motivated to spend more money on a gift in order to send a “stronger signal”. As for gift-recipients, they may not interpret smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.The idea of gift-givers and gift-recipients being unable to account for the other party’s viewpoint seems confusing because people slip in and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the experience as both givers and receivers, people often struggle to apply information gained from one role in another. In theoretical terms, people fail to use information about their own preferences and experiences to produce more efficient outcomes in their exchange relations. In practical terms, people spend hundreds of dollars each year on gifts, but somehow never learn to estimate their gift expense according to personal insight.8. The author uses “the deadweight loss of Christmas” in Paragraph 2 to express ________.A. gift-givers don’t spend much money during holidaysB. gift-givers don’t ask recipients what gifts they preferC. gift-givers buy improper and expensive giftsD. gift-givers have difficulty in choosing gifts9. According to the passage, people buy gifts to ________.A. receive gifts in returnB. enjoy the feeling of shoppingC. help recipients to save moneyD. better relationships with recipients10. What can we learn from the passage?A. People’s high living standards require expensive gifts.B. Gift-givers buy gifts based on their experiences as recipients.C. Anthropologists think gift-giving meets different human needs.D. Recipients judge the depth of friendship according to the gift price.11. Why did the author write this article?A. To criticize people’s gift-buying habits.B. To analyze people’s gift-giving behaviors.C. To offer advice on how to improve relationships.D. To remind people not to overlook others’ preferences.DThe prevalence of melanoma (黑素瘤) has been rapidly rising around the world for nearly a century. While some of the increase may be due to better detection, researchers also believe it’s because we’re spending more time outdoors in the sun, vacationing to warmer climates during the winter and using tanning beds. That rise is concerning, since melanoma is the most dangerous kind of skin cancer.Most of us know to cover up and apply sunscreen on hot, sunny days, but when fall arrives, we tend to drop those habits. Experts warn that’s a mistake. Though there’s less need for sun protection after summer ends, exposure to UV rays still adds up.What precautions you should take to defend against melanoma during the cooler months depends on where you are in the world. That’s because the further away you are from the equator, the more UV rays weaken in the winter. “In southern England or Canada, the daily dose of UVA on a clear summer day is 6.5 times higher than on a clear winter day,” says Professor Brian Diffey of the British Association of Dermatologists. “People in those countries typically receive only about 5% of their annual UV exposure in the winter months.”But no matter where you are, even during colder, lower risk months, it’s a mistake to put your sun-protection habits on ice. “It’s important to wear sun-screen when there is a lot of glare from the snow,” says Victoria Mar, director of the Victorian Melanoma Service at Alfred Hospital in Melbourne, Australia.Finally, you should monitor your moles(痣). “Early detection of melanoma is vital for successful treatment,” says Diffey. If it’s caught before it spreads to other parts of the body, the patient will have 99 % of chance to survive for five years. If it’s caught late, that can drop to 25%. Warning signs are a mole that’s changing size, shape or colour, or one that’s asymmetrical — sometimes referred to as “ugly duckling” moles. If you have concerns, talk to your doctor.12. What’s the main cause of the rise ofmelanoma?A. The climate change.B. Better detection.C. More exposure to the sun.D. The increase ofskin cancer.13.What’s a mistake according to experts?A. Applying sunscreen in summer.B. Wearing sun-screen when there is snow.C. Using sunscreen during lower risk months.D. Dropping sun-protection habits in winter.14. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Prevention is better than cure.B. Health is better than wealth.C. A disease known is half cured.D. When the sun comes in, the doctor comes out.15. What is the best title of the text?A. Detect Melanoma.B. Beware Winter Rays.C. Monitor Your Moles.D. Spend Less Time Outdoors.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海闵行中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年上海闵行中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you truly want to live, you need to get out and see the world. Traveling and living different adventures may become your favorite lifestyle. Here is a brief introduction about the top three destinations to visit in the world. ParisFirst on the list is Paris, France. For some people, this shouldn’t be a surprise. For others, they might consider Paris overrated as it has a reputation for being dirty. Any major city in the world might be thought to be dirty by anyone not living in a city. It comes with the territory. The reason Paris is at the top of this list is not because of its famous attractions but because of its charm. You can spend the day walking around cobblestone streets and enjoy elegant cafes and high-end shopping. When you finish satisfying your appetite, you can relax on the banks of the Seine River.Glacier National ParkGlacier National Park comes in second on the list. It is located in Montana, America. It will be well worth the effort thanks to snow-capped mountains, crystal blue lakes, seventy miles of hiking trails, and thirteen camping areas. If you visit during the summer, you can go swimming or white-water rafting. If you visit during the winter, you can go skiing or snowshoeing. But the real allure (诱惑力) and what you will always remember is the breathtaking scenery and fresh mountain air.Bora BoraThe reason Bora Bora is the third on this list is that it’s expensive, which could limit your other travel plans. If you do make it to this small island paradise, you will find peaceful beaches, jungles, luxury accommodations, turquoise water, and some of the friendliest people you have ever met.Other vacation destinations that should be on your list if you’re living the adventurous lifestyle include London, the South Island of New Zealand, Maui, Tahiti, Tokyo, Barcelona and New York City.1. Tourists can ______ to appreciate the charm of Paris.A. enjoy crystal blue lakesB. visit its famous attractionsC. take a walk around cobblestone streetsD. meet the friendliest people you have ever met2. Which of the following points in Glacier National Park will really attract tourists?A. peaceful beaches.B. White-water rafting.C. Snow-capped mountains.D. Fresh mountain air.3. What’s the purpose of this passage?A. to introduce the top three destinations.B. to compare the top three destinations.C. to encourage people to live an adventurous lifestyle.D. to analyze the good and bad points of the three destinationsBPhotographer Rebecca Douglas has always been fascinated by the night sky. Her love for stars has taken theU.K.resident on “star walking” trips toIcelandand into theArctic, where she steps out onto darkened trails to capture twinkling stars and glowing planets in her images.Hiking at night isn’t uncommon. Plenty of people hike after dark to get to campsites or watch the sunrise from a mountaintop. Star walking goes a step further by blending hiking with stargazing. Rather than heading to an observatory or setting up a telescope in your backyard,star walking takes you on a brief journey to look at the stars from different viewpoints.Whether you’re in the mountainside or by the lake with stars reflecting on the water, star walking is often much more dynamic than traditional stargazing.What’s more, star walking is good for you. There are plenty of studies that show the health benefits of being in nature. Spending at least two hours a week outdoors, particularly while engaging in what involves “effortless attention”, can decrease blood pressure, heart rate, and stress levels.So how does an aspiring star walker get started? It doesn’t take much more than a sturdy pair of boots.While telescopes and binoculars obviously have their uses, people are encouraged to start with naked-eye stargazing. Using only the eyes allows one to get lost in the infinite expanse of space and lets the mind go.It is advised that one read up on the night sky before heading out. Free mobile apps, such as Star Walk 2, can help identify celestial bodies（天体）and are easy to use—simply point your phone at the sky to reveal a map. Websites like Sky & Telescope and NASA’s Space Place cover the basics, have in-depth explanations on stars, andoffer advice on equipment. Space Place posts monthly skywatching updates, so you can plan outings around events such as meteor showers.In the United States, national parks are great options for inexperienced night hikers. Many offer guided outings that explain the importance of protecting night skies. Those with a good number of walks under their belt may want to try GlacierNational Park in Montana.If national parks and other dark-sky designated areas are out of range, check local astronomy clubs and observatories for guided sessions. Sites like the International Astronomical Union are useful for finding resources by area.At the end of the day, the best advice is to take it slow and enjoy the journey.“With all of the chaos（混乱）that’s happening around us, the one constant has been the night sky,” explains Douglas, who hasbeen exploring popular places nearby, long after the crowds have gone home for the day. “Walking is quite a mindful way of looking up and being reminded that, although everything feels so different, some things are still the same.”4. According to the passage, star walking refers to ________.A. going to an observatoryB. looking at stars in mountainsC. combining hiking and stargazingD. setting up a telescope in the backyard5. One of the reasons why people go on a star walking is that _______.A. it’s easier to identify celestial bodiesB. it is good for physical and mental healthC. they can enjoy the journey without crowdsD. they can raise awareness of protecting night skies6. According to the passage, a star walking beginner is advised to _______.A. prepare a pair of strong bootsB. start by observing with telescopesC. join an astronomy club or an observatoryD. find guided outings with the help of mobile apps7. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. excite people’s interest in star walkingB. recommend some places for star walkingC. explain the health benefits of star walkingD. introduce the preparations for star walkingCWe all use different ways to remember ideas, facts and things we need to store. Remembering is an extremely important part of our learning experience. Information process, storage and recall encourage purposeful learning.But the brain doesn’t store everything we want or need for future use. It makes choices and tends to remember information that forms a memorable pattern. Things you learned recently can be particularly difficult to remember because they haven’t taken root in your mind.“Forgetting allows us to remember what is really important to our survival. We forget much of what we read, watch, and think directly every day.” writes John Medina in his book, Brain Rules.How do you avoid losing 90%of what you’ve learned? An inspiring writer and speaker Zig Ziglar once said: “Repetition is the mother of learning, the father of action, which makes it the architect of accomplishment.”Repetition has been a remembering skill for ages. When you hear or read something once，you don’t really learn it-at least not well enough to store the new information for long. The right kind of repetition can do wonders for your memory. People learn or remember better by repeating things or getting exposed to information many times. Othersrepeat particular steps or processes deliberately a number of times or even years to become better at certain skills.Daniel Coyle explains in his book, The Little Book of Talent:“...closing the book and writing a summary, even short ones, forces you to figure out the key points, process and organize those ideas so they make sense, and write them on the page. When you pick it back up weeks later, reread all of your notes or highlights to strengthen the ideas even further.”People learn by repeating things. Better learning is a repetition process. Every time we repetitively access something we already know, we increase the memory’s stored value.8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. The brain tends to store 90% of the things we learn.B. The fresher the information isthe easier to remember.C. Thinking is more important than remembering in study.D. The brain tends to choose and keep what it thinks important.9. How does the writer prove his opinion?A.By giving examples.B. By listing numbers.C. By borrowing words of experts.D. By providing scientific finding.10. What does Daniel Coyle want to say in his book?A. You can’t pay too much attention to repetition.B. Summarizing is a very effective learning tool.C. Forgetting forces human brain to make choices.D. Regular repetition helps to form good habits.11. Which do you think is the best title of the passage?A. How the Brain WorksB. Reading for MoreC. Fighting Against ForgettingD. Repeat to RememberDChancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne said yesterday he would use the autumn spending review to increase Britain’s￡12bn-a-year aid budget towards humanitarian(人道主义的) causes in the wake of the European refugee(难民) crisis.Britainpromised to spend 0.7 percent of state general product on aid, meaning the budget could rise sharply by the end of the decade as the economy grows.Mr Osborne also said more of the aid budget could be given to help local government with housing costs for incomers, without breaking international guidelines.“We will use the foreign aid budget to help with the costs of these refugees. People ask about the pressure on public services; we’ll have extra money to help with that.”The government was unable to give a figure for how much aid money could be handed to local authorities: it would depend on how many refugees are accepted.David Cameron, Prime Minister, will set out his position on aid for refugees today. It is reported thatBritainwill accept at least 10,000 extra people from camps on theSyriaborder. He will use a statement in the House of Commons to flesh out plans — announced inMadridon Friday — to take more people.A report inThe Sunday Timesthat the UK would take 15,000 Syrians, not far from the 18,000 figure demanded by the EU, was described by “Downing Street” as a “guess”.TheUKwill offer to resettle Syrians directly from refugee camps inJordan,LebanonandTurkey— but not those who have already reached the EU.12. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Britain tried to help refugees.B. People doubtBritain’s kindness.C. Britain tried to explain its behavior.D. Refugees like to live inBritain.13. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?A. Britain’s economy grows rapidly.B. Britain will use little of its money to help refugees.C. Most countries are not willing to help refugees.D.Britainwill use more money to help refugees.14. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Britain will use foreign money to help refugees.B. Britain helps refugees following international guidelines.C. Britain will use foreign money to develop themselves.D. People ask to use public service money to help refugees.15. What can we know from the passage?A. Britain can hold 10,000 refugees at most.B. The number of refugees to be received is uncertain.C. House of Commons declare a general plan.D.Britaincan hold 15,000 refugees at most.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海市闵行中学高三英语上学期期末试卷及答案
2019-2020学年上海市闵行中学高三英语上学期期末试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI started working with my hands at a young age. The youngest of five brothers, I took on the role as a “maintenance (维修) man” at an early age for our family’s small grocery store. Often my dad wouldn’t give me a clear idea of how something shouldbe done, so I just had to figure it out by researching or through trial and error.Fast forward to 2016 and those problem-solving skills would become the focus of Tippecanoe High School’s Homebuilding class. I knew I wanted to teach the students skills that went beyond just being able to hammer nails or cut pieces of two-by-fours. The problem was that we didn’t have the resources at the time to do much else. The idea of attracting some type of funding seemed very important. Designing, building and selling a tiny house on wheels seemed like the perfect project to accomplishthe task. I reached out to a number of local businesses and most of them responded with the greatest support for what x k w we were doing.This year we added a new element to the program. Through one of our partners, we were able to connect with the nonprofit Veteran’s Ananda Incorporated. Students in the Homebuilding class are leading the design and production of micro houses to be donated to this organization. The new partnership gives the students another focus to consider when designing and building the houses.There has been no shortage of students since our first year. Three years ago we had 41 students, the next 191, and this year it was limited to just over 160 students so we could have a safe and manageable classroom environment. The number of girls taking the class has risen steadily over the last few years as well. This class offers something for everyone and the skills are universal.1. How can we describe the young author?A. He opened a small grocery store.B. He did a lot of research in the lab.C. He enjoyed doing hands-on activities.D. He learnt about maintenance from his father.2. What do the underlined words “the task” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Getting some financial support.B. Selling a tiny house on wheels.C. Reaching out to many local businesses.D. Offering the students some problem-solving skills.3. What can be inferred about the Homebuilding class from the last paragraph?A. Its size needs increasing.B. Itis popular with the students.C. It has caused some safety concerns.D. Its classroom environment is hard to manage.BWe touch our faces all the time, and it had never seemed to be a big problem—until COVID-19 arrived. Touching our faces—the "T-zone" of our eyes, nose and mouth in particular—can mean giving ourselves the deadly virus.This is why organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have suggested that we avoid touching our faces. "Just stop this simple behavior," William Sawyer, founder of Henry the Hand, a nonprofit organization that promotes hand hygiene (卫生), told The Washington Post. "It's the one behavior that would be better than any vaccine (疫苗) ever created."Yet, stopping this "simple" behavior might be harder than you think because it's already hardwired (固定存在于) into our system.Some face touchingis an automatic reflex (反射) —like when there is an itch (痒) on your nose, you'll scratch (挠) it without thinking. According to CNBC, a 2014 study found that touching your face also helps to reduce stress and regulate emotions. For example, you're more likely to do it when you feel awkward or embarrassed. According to Dacher Keltner, a psychologist at the University of California Berkeley, US, this action may also come with a social function: When you are talking to someone and want to change the subject, for example, touching your face is like "the curtains on a stage, closing up one act of the social drama, ushering (引导) in the next," Keltner told the BBC.Moreover, face-touching in almost all of these occasions is subconscious, which means it's very hard to change "because you don't even know you're doing it", said Sawyer. But you're not alone. In a 2015 study, wherea group of medical students were filmed in class, it was found that they touched their faces an average of 23 times an hour—with 44 percent of the touches being in the "T-zones". That was particularly surprising since medical students were supposed to know better.Since it's so hard to shake the habit, maybe the easiest way is to wash our hands more often. This way, wecan be sure that our hands are free from the novel coronavirus.4. What do the first two paragraphs talk about?A. The best way to fight COVID-19B. How organizations are fighting COVID-19.C. Typical hand hygiene problems in the fight against COVID-19.D. The necessity to avoid touching our faces to fight COVID-19.5. Why is it hard for people to stop touching their faces?A. It makes people feel more confident.B. Many are unaware of this behavior's risks.C. They usually do it automatically and subconsciouslyD. Many think the action helps them express their emotions.6. Which of the following is a social function of touching faces, according to the text?A. Using it as a sign to change the topicB. Bringing a conversation to an end.C. Showing an interest in the ongoing subject.D. Making others feel relaxed while talking.7. What is the author's purpose in mentioning a 2015 study on a group of medical students?A. To give tips on how to stop touching faces.B. To prove that it is common for people to touch their faces.C. To show it is impossible to shake the habit of touching your face.D. To show how hygiene awareness helps people avoid touching their faces.CIt’s a big change from homeless teen to Yale (耶鲁)medical school student, butperseverancepaid off for Chelesa Fearce of Clayton County, Georgia.Fearce was a fourth grader when her mom was diagnosed (诊断) with Lymphoma (淋巴瘤).That began a hard time for the family. They had to move in and out of shelters,hotels and even the family car.“I know I have been made stronger. I was homeless. My family slept on the floor and we were lucky if we got more than one full meal a day. Getting a shower, food and clean clothes was an everyday struggle,” Fearce said in a speech she gave at her high school graduation ceremony. Fearce overcame her day-to-day struggles by focusing on a better day. “I just told myself to keep working, because the future will not be like this anymore. And thathelped me get through,” she told WSBTV.Fearce was determined to be a good role model for her younger sister. She found inspiration in her late grandmother, struggling with deadly diseases, who gave Fearce emotional support. In her junior and senior year, Fearce took both high school and college courses, missing out on the free meals she depended on so she could get to her college classes. Despite having to use her cellphone to study after the shelter lights were turned off at night, she not only graduated as valedictorian (毕业生代表) of her 2013 class with a 4.5 grade average, but was also given a ride scholarship—including a meal plan to Spelman College in Atlanta.After graduation, she worked full time for two years at the National Institutes for Health inBethesda,Maryland,doing research on drugs. Last fall, she entered Yale and set a course to earn both a PhD and medical degree.8. What does the underlined word “perseverance” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. instant passion.B. continuous efforts.C. great patience.D. selfless ambitions.9. How did Fearce feel facing the sufferings?A. Sad and disappointed.B. Stressed and defeated.C. Determined and confident.D. Joyous and contented.10. What can we know about Fearce’s learning experience?A. Her grandma encouraged her to study medicine.B. Her high school offered her free meals and courses.C. She failed to study late due to frequent power cut.D. She gained remarkable high school achievement.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. From Homeless to YaleB. Meet American’s Top GirlC. Disabled but not DefeatedD. Chelesa Fearce: A Girl of Many TalentsDJeff Bezos, Elon Musk and Richard Branson have a combined net worth of 400 billion, roughly the size of the GDP of the entire nation of Ireland. And all three men have decided to put vast sums of their wealth into chasing their space travel dreams, creating a modern space race in which ultra — rich men — rather than countries —shoot for the stars.But why the three billionaires choose the crazy plan? Just for the travel dreams? It’s not that simple.As we all know, the space travel is a mirror of comprehensive national strength, whether it’s the cold war or the present. The first space racespannedmultiple presidents and premiers — Kennedy, Krushchev, Brezhnev, Nixon. It made heroes of astronauts and cosmonauts, and it focused national prides. But obviously, this year’s race between the billionaires features none of that national pride or opposing ideas. It’s tax — averse tycoons (大亨) who want to sell high — priced tickets to rich people interested in experiencing weightlessness. Amazon’s Bezos has said he is funding his portion by selling off large chunks of his Amazon stock (股票) — 1 billion or more a year.What are the odds? If anyone is taking bets on how this will end, and who will have the more profitable space tourism business, consider Amazon’s method of making very little profit in order to eat up competition. So, from this point of view, what’s hiding behind this crazy race is business. As a method of expand influence, it is not a bad idea.Richard Branson has carried out his plan on July 12, and Jeff Bezos announced that he will start his space travel on July 20. Bezos is getting some good press because he’s taking Wally Funk along for the ride. She’s the pilot now in her 80s who was kept out of space in the 1960s because she’s a woman. This may be a bonus for him. As for Musk, he thinks these two above are not real space trips, he wants a larger move.Who will win the race in the end? Let’s wait and see.12. Which of the following people might be the potential client of the space travel?A. Daisy aged 45 with a heavy debt.B. Clarkson who doesn’t enjoy taking risks.C. Billy aged 60 with an ample retirement pension.D. Alexander who knows nothing about space travel.13. What stopped Wally Funk flying to space in the 1960s?A. Age.B. Gender.C. Height.D. Disposition.14. What does the author think of the billionaires race?A. Profit — driven.B. Meaningless.C. Foolish.D. Generous.15. What does the underlined word “spanned” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Revolved.B. Turned down.C. Entered.D. Leapt through.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-届闵行区英语一模
Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, useone word that best fits each blank.Martin Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as shewaits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And (21)not alone.more Americans, she’sA new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53%) have breakfastalone and nearly half (46%) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime (22) we eating together, 74% according to statistics from the report.prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, (23) (look) up for her“Ｉbook. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many ofus, too often (24) (work) through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss fromtapping her on (25) shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to said.myself,” sheJust two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local video-grapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes thaton a first - name basis (26)he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’ｓgone and think about the rest of the week,” he wants to have a little interaction. “ I reflect on (27) my day’ｓa chance for self-reflection. you return to work (28) (refresh) and with a plan.”he said. “It’sThat freedom (29) (choose) is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time whenpeople may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smart-phones to keep us company at the table. “It d oesn’ｔfeel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, (30) company provided the statistics for the report.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note thatthere is one word more than you need.A. modernityB. miseryC. insteadD. patentE. limitsF. passionateG. gifted H. outlook I. favored J. blessed K. exhaustingmodern world, most of us are 31 with so-called time-saving Time: is there ever enough of it? In today’sdevices and technological advancements and work less both at the office and at home. But why do we still feel busier?while 32 brought usA study by Derek Thompson on the “myth” of being busy suggests thatconvenience, it also brought us new headaches. Consider the idea of FOMO (fear of missing out). Knowing exactly what we’re missing out makes us feel guilty or anxious about the 33 for our time and our ability to use it effectively.While being informed is important, it can lead to anxiety about keeping up with the times. If you find yourselfunable to stop scrolling through Twitter, turn off the phone and take a mental break. Practice JOMO (joy of missingout), a(n) 34 on life that’sanda direct contradiction to FOMO. Get rid of feelings of guilt and “shoulds” replace them with mindfulness and living in the moment.Another thing technology has 35 us is the blurring（难以区分）between work and downtime. While;.constant connection has made the workday much more flexible, it’salso harder to turn off at the end of the day.n) __36 state of mind. Consider putting a hard stop on media and electronic devices an Always being “on” is a(hour or two before bed.Of course, if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck, working long hours has long been a 37 strategy. But if you don’t have passion for your job or care about what you do, you might just be working yourself into more 38 .People working the same hours feel completely different levels of time pressure depending on their passion.no wonder you start to feel out of If most of the hours are spent doing something you don’t feel39 about, it’scontrol and anxious about your time. Taking back control of your time can ease this mental stress. Therefore, your40 to figure out how to want less.time management goal shouldn’t be to figure out how to do more, butⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill ineach blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.ery much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is vsocial influence applied on an individual in order to get that person to act or believe in a(n) 41 ways as a larger group. This influence can be negative or positive, and can exist in both large and small groups.People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly 42 that some part of their self-respect comesfrom the approval of others. This instinct explains why the approval of peers, and the fear of 43 , is such alives. This instinct drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, powerful force in many people’ｓwhen a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a(n)or to answer a simple “fine”44 aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that45 day - to - day interaction between people.For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes a(n) 46 : in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to 47 their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that 48 criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometime feel 49 to coverup illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to50 the peers.However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at 51 may be urged towork harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of 52 can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.Although peer pressure is sometimes quite obvious, it can also be so 53 that a person may not even notice that it is affecting his or her behavior. For this reason, when making important decisions, simply going with a(n)54 is risky. Instead, people should seriously consider why they feel drawn to taking a particular action, and whether the real 55 is simply that everyone else is doing the same thing.41. A. traditional B. similar C. peculiar D. opposite42. A. understandable B. believable C. acceptable D. surprising43. A. disapproval B. failure C. absence D. independence44. A. uncertain B. practical C. impossible D. vague45. A. promotes B. prevents C. simplifies D. increases46. A. challenge B. inspiration C. promise D. addiction47. A. recognize B. abandon C. decrease D. define48. A. avoid B. encourage C. decline D. punish49. A. pressured B. respected C. delighted D. regretted50. A. catch sight of B. stay away from C. make fun of D. keep up with51. A. competitions B. interaction C. academics D. adaptation52. A. knowledge B. interest C. assistance D. influence53. A. abstract B. ridiculous C. subtle D. reasonable54. A. consciousness B. motivation C. instinct D. encouragement55. A. motivation B. danger C. support D. achievementSection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to theinformation given in the passage you have just read.(A)“You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was a（长曲棍球）club.reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids,’ lacrossestepping up to help forI guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety aroundan unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention thesingle parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren.At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The I’ｍsecretly relieved because I know there’sunwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable ember of the team. The coach is able tofocus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced orangesto bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled witha deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community as youfreely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.freely like to admit. However, if others In that sense, I’ｍpretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’ｄbenefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?56.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1?A. She knows little about the club.B. She isn’t good atsports.to volunteer D. She’sunable to meet her schedule.C. She just doesn’t wantmean?57.What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2A. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feeling.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.58.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?A. She gets interested in lacrosse.B. She is proud of her kids.C. She’ll work for another season.D. She becomes a good helper.59.Why does the writer like doing volunteer work?A. It gives her a sense of duty.B. It makes her very happy.C. It enable her to work hard.D. It brings her material rewards.(B)(You may read the questions first.)。
15. 2019闵行区高三英语一模卷
2019.1 闵行区高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷(满分：140分考试时间：120分钟)第I卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bus. D. By bike.2. A. A policeman. B. A postman. C. A doctor. D. A teacher.3. A. He didn't sleep well last night.B. He did too much work last night.C. He went to bed late last night.D. He worked late with his work.4. A. The man has just missed his flight.B. The plane is delayed due to bad weather.C. The plane will leave at 9:14.D. The departure time is unknown.5. A. Offering a suggestion.B. Starting an argument.C. Stopping a fight.D. Correcting a mistake.6. A. Apply for a discount.B. Read the agreement.C. Fill in the application form.D. Buy a certain product.7. A. The woman was too tired to see the TV programme.B. The man missed part of the TV programme.C. Both of the speakers found the TV programme boring.D. The man regretted wasting time on the TV programme.8. A. Select the data.B. Revise the report.C. Collect more data.D. Present the report.9. A. Go to bed earlier.B. Learn how to be attentive.C. Spend more time outdoors.D. Take her job more seriously.10. A. He feels sorry for the students.B. He is strongly against the punishment.C. He approves of the professor's action.D. He offers an option to stop cheating.Section B (15分)Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heardQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. V olunteer work and study.B. Work and relaxation.C. Adventurous trip and project.D. Cultural study and local visiting.12. A. It offers ways to team a new language.B. It helps broaden your horizons.C. It guarantees you to earn money.D. It might take you to unusual places13. A. V olunteering in foreign countries.B. Ways to spend a working holiday.C. Great places for a working holiday.D. The concept of a working holiday.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Committed. B. Flexible. C. Independent. D. Agreeable.15. A. They easily get wounded when doing exercise.B. They feel uncomfortable when they are observed.C. They are serious about their exercise plan.D. They are suitable to take up co-operative sports.16. A. To help people understand what personality type they are.B. To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits.C. To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise.D. To describe different types of exercises available at present.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Student opinions on a biology program.B. The present situation of biology education.C. The treatment and status of biology professors.D. The quality of biology laboratory equipment.18. A. Incapable teaching staff.B. Inaccessible laboratory。
上海市闵行区2018—2019学年高三上学期期末质量调研(一模)英语试题及答案
绝密★启用前上海市闵行区2019届高三上学期期末质量调研（一模）英语试题考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bus. D. By bike.2. A. A policeman. B. A postman. C. A doctor. D. A teacher.3. A. He didn’t sleep well last night. B. He did too much work last night.C. He went to bed late last night.D. He worked late with his work.4. A. The man has just missed his flight. B. The plane is delayed due to bad weather.C. The plane will leave at 9:14.D. The departure time is unknown.5. A. Offering a suggestion. B. Starting an argument.C. Stopping a fight.D. Correcting a mistake.6. A. Apply for a discount. B. Read the agreement.C. Fill in the application form.D. Buy a certain product.7. A. The woman was too tired to see the TV programme.B. The man missed part of the TV programme.C. Both of the speakers found the TV programme boring.D. The man regretted wasting time on the TV programme.8. A. Select the data. B. Revise the report.C.Collect more data.D. Present the report.9. A. Go to bed earlier. B. Learn how to be attentive.C. Spend more time outdoors.D. Take her job more seriously.10. A. He feels sorry for the students. B. He is strongly against the punishment.C. He approves of the professor’s action.D. He offers an option to stop cheating.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Volunteer work and study. B. Work and relaxation.C. Adventurous trip and project.D. Cultural study and local visiting.12. A. It offers ways to learn a new language. B. It helps broaden your horizons.C. It guarantees you to earn money.D. It might take you to unusual places13. A. Volunteering in foreign countries. B. Ways to spend a working holiday.C. Great places for a working holiday.D. The concept of a working holiday.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.。
2019年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷及参考答案
2019年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.第1-10每题（1分）；第11-20每题（1.5分）．1．（1分）A．By car．B．On foot．C．By bus．D．By bike．2．（1分）A．A policeman．B．A postman．C．A doctor．D．A teacher．3．（1分）A．He didn't sleep well last night．B．He did too much work last night．C．He went to bed late last night．D．He worked late with his work．4．（1分）A．The man has just missed his flight．B．The plane is delayed due to bad weather．C．The plane will leave at 9：14．D．The departure time is unknown．5．（1分）A．Offering a suggestion．B．Starting an argument．C．Stopping a fight．D．Correcting a mistake．6．（1分）A．Apply for a discount．B．Read the agreement．C．Fill in the application form．D．Buy a certain product．7．（1分）A．The woman was too tired to see the TV programme．B．The man missed part of the TV programme．C．Both of the speakers found the TV programme boring．D．The man regretted wasting time on the TV programme．8．（1分）A．Select the data．B．Revise the report．C．Collect more data．D．Present the report．9．（1分）A．Go to bed earlier．B．Learn how to be attentive．C．Spend more time outdoors．D．Take her job more seriously．10．（1分）A．He feels sorry for the students．B．He is strongly against the punishment．C．He approves of the professor's action．D．He offers an option to stop cheating．Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 11．（4.5分）（1）A．V olunteer work and study．B．Work and relaxation．C．Adventurous trip and project．D．Cultural study and local visiting．（2）A．It offers ways to learn a new language．B．It helps broaden your horizons．C．It guarantees you to earn money．D．It might take you to unusual places（3）A．Volunteering in foreign countries．B．Ways to spend a working holiday．C．Great places for a working holiday．D．The concept of a working holiday．12．（4.5分）（1）A．Committed．B．Flexible．C．Independent．D．Agreeable．（2）A．They easily get wounded when doing exercise．B．They feel uncomfortable when they are observed．C．They are serious about their exercise plan．D．They are suitable to take up co﹣operative sports．（3）A．To help people understand what personality type they are．B．To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits．C．To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise．D．To describe different types of exercises available at present．13．（6分）（1）A．Student opinions on a biology program．B．The present situation of biology education．C．The treatment and status of biology professors．D．The quality of biology laboratory equipment．（2）A．Incapable teaching staff．B．Inaccessible laboratory．C．Insufficient budget．D．Unmotivated students．（3）A．It's unsuitable for complex experiments．B．It's too complicated to use．C．It's more than satisfactory．D．It's much better than expected．（4）A．The professorsshould be more devoted to the program．B．Some professors may go elsewhere to teach．C．Some professors can't get budge to conduct experiments．D．The professors aren't academically recognized．Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）We want our children to succeed in school and，perhaps even more importantly，in life．But the paradox（悖论）is that our children can only truly succeed （1）they first learn how to fail．Consider the finding that world﹣class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low﹣level figure skaters．Why are the really good skaters falling over the most？The reason is actually quite simple．Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice．（2）（stretch）their limitations，they keep trying their best．They fall over so often，but it is precisely why they learn so fast．Lower﹣level skaters have a quite different approach．They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily，（3）（remain）within their comfort zone．This is why they don't fall over．In a superficial sense，they look successful，because they are always on their feet．Never （4）（fail）in practice prevents them from making progress．（5）is true of skating is also true of life．James Dyson worked through 5，126 prototypes （原型）for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design（6）made his fortune．These failures were essential to the pathway of learning．As Dyson put （7）："You can't develop new technologyunless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong．Failure is essential to invention．"In healthcare，however，things are very different．Clinicians don't like to admit to failure，partly because they have strongegos （自我）﹣particularly the senior doctors﹣and partly because they fear litigation （诉讼）．The consequence is that （8）learning from failure，healthcare often covers up failure．The direct consequence is that the same mistakes （9）（repeat）．According to the Journal of Patient Safety，400，000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error．（10）healthcare learns to respond positively to failure，things will not improve．Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.评分标准：每题（1分）．15．（10分）A．declared B．survive C．individualized D．advocated E．signalF．significantly G．dominated H．contrast I．supposedly J．apartK．inseparableThey're still kids，and although there's a lot that the experts don't yet know about them，one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly．And it's all because of technology．To the psychologists，sociologists，and media experts who study them，their digital devices set this new group （1），even from their Millennial （千禧年的）elders，who are quite familiar with technology．They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don't quite get．These differences may seem slight，but they （2）the appearance of a new generation．The （3）between Millennialelders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has （4）the birth of a new generation in a new book，Rewired：Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn，out next month．Rosen says the technically （5）life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book，Me，MySpace and I：Parenting the Net Generation，that they distinguishthemselves as a new generation，which he hasgiven them the nickname of "ingeneration"．Rosen says portability is the key．They are （6）from their wireless devices，which allow them to text as well as talk，so they can be constantly connected﹣even in class，where cell phones are （7）banned．Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently．"They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do，" Rosen says．"But findings show teens （8）distractions muchbetter than we would predict by their age and their brain development．"Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages，Rosen says，the educational system has to change（9）．"The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid，and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think．We have to give them options because they want their world（10），" Rosen says．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.评分标准：每题（1分）．16．（15分）After my public lectures on evolution，someone in the audience asks，"Are we still evolving？" People want to know if humans are getting taller，smarter，better looking or more athletic．My answer is truthful but（1）：We're almost certainly evolving，but we don't know in what （2）or how fast．We've seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia，but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences．For example，we know that during the past 10，000 years，several populations of humans ﹣those keeping sheep，cows or goats for milk﹣gained the ability to digest dairy products．This quality was （3）in our earlier ancestors who，after babyhood，never encountered milk．And in the past 3，000 years，Tibetans have acquired （4）adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high﹣altitude，low﹣oxygen home．But these well﹣documented changes are limited to particular populations，so the （5）for recent evolution of our entire species，remains not much．The authors of "Evolving Ourselves"（6）．Not only，they claim，are we evolving faster than ever，but we're doing it to ourselves．Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have（7）evolution ﹣not just in our own species but virtually in all species："For better or worse，we are increasingly in charge．We are the primary drivers of（8）．We will directly and indirectly determine what lives，what dies，where，and when．We are in a different phase of evolution：the future of life is now（9）．"According to the authors，we've replaced natural selection with what they call "（10）selection．" Overfishing，for example，has reduced the average size of many fish species，for taking the biggest fishes is （11）those smaller fishes．Yet while there's no doubt that we're changing the planet，the claim that we're completely changing evolution on the planet（12）．Let's take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger for example．This（13）has been documented in many species that we eat，but this is just a minuscule fraction （极小的一部分）of the 30，000 known species of fish．The authors speak with （14）assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything．When they claim，for example，our ingestion （摄取）of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that "our children's brains are evolving fast，" they are abusing （滥用）the word "（15）．" Our children's brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological （药理学的）environment，but change alone is not evolution．（1）A．instructive B．disappointing C．decisive D．conflicting （2）A．direction B．region C．frequency D．condition （3）A．beneficial B．adaptable C．unique D．useless（4）A．unproved B．changeable C．genetic D．mysterious （5）A．study B．evidence C．interest D．implication （6）A．disagree B．support C．follow D．approve（7）A．delayed B．overdone C．neglected D．controlled （8）A．unbalance B．disaster C．change D．disturbance （9）A．in our hands B．out of order C．in peace D．out of control （10）A．destructive B．unnatural C．adventurous D．emotional （11）A．by means of B．at the cost of C．in favor of D．for theprotection of（12）A．makes no sense B．makes greatimpressionC．calls attention D．comes to anend（13）A．problem B．mistake C．phenomenon D．obstacle（14）A．strong B．baseless C．sensitive D．persuasive （15）A．environment B．technology C．exposure D．evolution Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）Once again DC Comics and Warner Bros．have divided fans and critics over their latest superhero film．There had been worrying news about Justice League in the months before its release，with a lot of reshoots of scenes，a new director being brought in to finish the film after original director Zack Snyder's tragic loss of his daughter and，of course，a lot of talk about Ben Affleck's future in the role of Batman．Some people are saying that Justice League is another big disappointment，that it could have been incredible and instead fails to really entertain．Others say that Warner Bros．have finally got it right and that the future for the League looks bright．My opinion lies somewhere in the middle．The film was by no means a disappointment：it was exciting，funny and a lot of fun to watch．There's something special about watching the heroes from your childhood brought to life on the big screen and maybe that is affecting my opinion．However，I will say that a lot of work needs to be done if the producer wants to make a great success．Although the film was good，it was obvious which scenes had been reshot and how the characters had been changed．I also have to mention the several scenes in which the special effects were very badly done；these are the kinds of problems that you don't expect to see in a film with such a big budget．Another point to add is that it is good to see the producer making Superman slightly a brighter character and adding some jokes to the plot to keep things fun．But the producer must be careful not to make the mistake that another film producer﹣here，not mentioning the name ﹣is coming very close to doing：turning all of the films into bright and colorful shows and losing a lot of seriously good stories．In the end，Justice League is not a perfect film but it is definitely not a terrible one．A lot of work is still to be done but I hope that DC does not completely lose its darker side．（1）Before the release of Justice League，many people showed their．A．pity for the director，Zack SnyderB．concern about the film's qualityC．higher expectation of the new directorD．support for the actor，Ben Affleck（2）According to the author，what's special about Justice League？A．It advocates social justice．B．It brings lots of fun to the audience．C．It has some brave heroes．D．It brings back childhood memories．（3）In Paragraph 5the author mainly wants to express his．A．views on the film's weaknessB．advice to the film's directorC．love for the filmD．expectation of the film's sequels（4）The author mentioned another film producer to．A．stress the importance of fun in a filmB．show Justice League's lack of a serious plotC．serve as a warning to the producer of Justice LeagueD．set an example for the producer of Justice League18．（6分）（1）According to the passage，it is good habit to when you are writing your email．A．include all of your social network linksB．send your emails to all of your coworkersC．use different font size to make the massage vividD．keep the subject line brief（2）Which of the following statements might the author agree with？A．The subject line is filled with Hey instead of being left blank．B．Using capitals is acceptable when offering congratulations．C．You are supposed to reply to only one person at a time．D．Social network links should be included in your signature．（3）In which of the following sentences does the phrase "cry wolf" is correctly used？A．Economists are just crying wolf while actually the economic future is not so bad．B．The government is always crying wolf and has never kept the promise to reduce taxes．C．He cried wolf when he received a letter saying that his application had been rejected．D．He just cried wolf in comforting her when he didn't know what had really happened．19．（8分）The recession （衰退）of 2008﹣09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity，the followingrecovery for its weakness．The labour market has also broken the rules，as new research from the OECD，a think﹣tank of mainly rich countries，shows in its annual Employment Outlook．Young people always suffer in recessions．Employers stop hiring them；and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss．But in previous episodes，such as the recessions of the 1970s，1980s and 1990s，older workers were also kicked off．This time is different．During the financial crisis in 2008，and since，they have done better than other age groups．The researchers focus on movements in "non﹣employment" as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012．This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment，where people are looking for work，but also inactivity，where people are not seeking jobs．Whereas the average non﹣employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one﹣and﹣a﹣half points among 25﹣to 54﹣year﹣olds，it has fallen by two points among the 55﹣64 age group．Why have older employees done so well？In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers，but that did not really help themin past recessions．What has changed，says Stefano Scarpetta，head of the OECD's employment directorate，is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff．In the past，early﹣retirement policies provided by governments （in the mistaken belief that these would help young people）made it cheaper to push grey﹣haired workers out of the door．These have largely stopped．Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young．That view is wrongheaded．First，it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another；there is no fixed amount of work．And second，as the report shows，young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace．They do different types of work in different types of occupation：younger people are keen on IT firms，for example，whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries．There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless，but kicking older workers out of the workplace is not one of them．（1）By saying "The labour market has also broken the rules"，the author means．A．young employees were protected by the governmentB．young employees suffered moderately in labour marketC．old employees suffered very little in the labour marketD．The recession had little impact on labour market（2）What do we know about "early﹣retirement policies" mentioned in the 4th paragraph？A．They proved to be little use and nearly no longer in effect．B．They have effectively helped young employees．C．They financially supported the elderly people．D．They have gain popularity in southern European countries．（3）The word "fallacy" （in the last paragraph）probably means ""．A．common beliefB．wrong conceptC．acceptable assumptionD．wise statement（4）Which of the following might the author agree with？A．Early﹣retirement policies should have been well adoptedby governments．B．Young people should be encouraged into traditional industries．C．Supportive policies should be made to help elderly people when crisis occurs．D．Old people's remaining in jobs doesn't necessarily threaten young people's jobs．Section CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.评分标准：每题（2分）．20．（8分）A．It takes continuous time and effort to be successful in any area．B．The general rule goes that the harder you try，the greater results you get．C．Many old beliefs are being performed these days and are followed blindly．D．It always takes tests and then fails us to learn anything worthwhile．E．However，in most circumstances your effort and attempt go well alongside with your desired achievement．F．But the price we pay to realize this is high because it takes a great amount of courage to follow your own path．Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from the best experiences．（1）Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases．（2）However，people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would．At this time，people refer only to people who have already achieved what they want to do．Look at any successful person and you'll notice one thing common in all of them：they took time to learn and mastered their skill like no one else．There is no elevator to success and you have to take the stairs．Be brave to take the road less traveled．In our whole life，we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests，do the same thing everyone does，take the same career path everyone takes，wear the same clothes everyone wears，and hang out with the same people we work with．Why？Because we are scared to fail．But when you get bored of life，you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny isdifferent from anyone else's out there in the world．（3）You don't have to live your life in a way society wants you to．（4）Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don't want because other children have selected that career．Worst of all，people follow them without even asking．There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest，sooner or later you'll realize that you should first do what you think is right．Summary Writing21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．As is known to all，many things can be measured in terms of data．Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth．With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day．Obviously，data can make our life easier and more comfortable．What is more important，data seem to be fairer than words or statements．If the data are true，we don't have to worry about being cheated．Nowadays，as lies exist in the world，data are expected to tell the truth．Therefore，many of us would rather believe data．On the other hand，if we judge things only by data from the so﹣called specific research，aren't we a little too narrow﹣minded？Many people often treat the so﹣called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions．But sometimes we may find that data aren't everything．For example，how can you tell that somebody isn't a good student just because he or she doesn't get high marks in the final examination？There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data．For example，the degree of your feeling happy in your life，the depth of love between you and your friends，and the faith you have in your country．We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data．There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event．But data should be dealt with wisely．We often get wrong data which mislead us．We should try our best to be wise thinkers．Remember，data have no feeling but we humans have．Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false．Data are data after all．Life is much more colorful than the pale data．So give the cold data a warm heart and we'll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe．TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）我们相约周末去植物园看花展．（appointment）23．（3分）这家超市商品种类繁多，能满足不同的消费需求．（variety）24．（4分）如果父母在教育孩子的问题上意见一致，家庭就会更加和睦．（share）25．（5分）许多学校已将剪纸之类的民间艺术引入课堂，这不但培养了学生的动手能力，也提高了他们的艺术鉴赏力．（not only…）Guided Writing26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．假设你们学校正在向学生征询开设选修课（optional course）的有关事宜．请你写信给校长，提出你希望开设的选修课的名称，并简要说说这门课应该涉及的主要内容以及开设这门选修课的意义．2019年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.第1-10每题（1分）；第11-20每题（1.5分）．1．（1分）A．By car．B．On foot．C．By bus．D．By bike．【解答】D2．（1分）A．A policeman．B．A postman．C．A doctor．D．A teacher．【解答】C3．（1分）A．He didn't sleep well last night．B．He did too much work last night．C．He went to bed late last night．D．He worked late with his work．【解答】A4．（1分）A．The man has just missed his flight．B．The plane is delayed due to bad weather．C．The plane will leave at 9：14．D．The departure time is unknown．【解答】D5．（1分）A．Offering a suggestion．B．Starting an argument．C．Stopping a fight．D．Correcting a mistake．【解答】A6．（1分）A．Apply for a discount．B．Read the agreement．C．Fill in the application form．D．Buy a certain product．【解答】B7．（1分）A．The woman was too tired to see the TV programme．B．The man missed part of the TV programme．C．Both of the speakers found the TV programme boring．D．The man regretted wasting time on the TV programme．【解答】B8．（1分）A．Select the data．B．Revise the report．C．Collect more data．D．Present the report．【解答】A9．（1分）A．Go to bed earlier．B．Learn how to be attentive．C．Spend more time outdoors．D．Take her job more seriously．【解答】C10．（1分）A．He feels sorry for the students．B．He is strongly against the punishment．C．He approves of the professor's action．D．He offers an option to stop cheating．【解答】CSection BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 11．（4.5分）（1）A．V olunteer work and study．B．Work and relaxation．C．Adventurous trip and project．D．Cultural study and local visiting．（2）A．It offers ways to learn a new language．B．It helps broaden your horizons．C．It guarantees you to earn money．D．It might take you to unusual places（3）A．Volunteering in foreign countries．B．Ways to spend a working holiday．C．Great places for a working holiday．D．The concept of a working holiday．【解答】11．B12．C13．D12．（4.5分）（1）A．Committed．B．Flexible．C．Independent．D．Agreeable．（2）A．They easily get wounded when doing exercise．B．They feel uncomfortable when they are observed．C．They are serious about their exercise plan．D．They are suitable to take up co﹣operative sports．（3）A．To help people understand what personality type they are．B．To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits．C．To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise．D．To describe different types of exercises available at present．。
2019年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷
2019年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.第1-10每题（1分）；第11-20每题（1.5分）．1．（1分）A．By car．B．On foot．C．By bus．D．By bike．2．（1分）A．A policeman．B．A postman．C．A doctor．D．A teacher．3．（1分）A．He didn't sleep well last night．B．He did too much work last night．C．He went to bed late last night．D．He worked late with his work．4．（1分）A．The man has just missed his flight．B．The plane is delayed due to bad weather．C．The plane will leave at 9：14．D．The departure time is unknown．5．（1分）A．Offering a suggestion．B．Starting an argument．C．Stopping a fight．D．Correcting a mistake．6．（1分）A．Apply for a discount．B．Read the agreement．C．Fill in the application form．D．Buy a certain product．7．（1分）A．The woman was too tired to see the TV programme．B．The man missed part of the TV programme．C．Both of the speakers found the TV programme boring．D．The man regretted wasting time on the TV programme．8．（1分）A．Select the data．B．Revise the report．C．Collect more data．D．Present the report．9．（1分）A．Go to bed earlier．B．Learn how to be attentive．C．Spend more time outdoors．D．Take her job more seriously．10．（1分）A．He feels sorry for the students．B．He is strongly against the punishment．C．He approves of the professor's action．D．He offers an option to stop cheating．Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 11．（4.5分）（1）A．V olunteer work and study．B．Work and relaxation．C．Adventurous trip and project．D．Cultural study and local visiting．（2）A．It offers ways to learn a new language．B．It helps broaden your horizons．C．It guarantees you to earn money．D．It might take you to unusual places（3）A．Volunteering in foreign countries．B．Ways to spend a working holiday．C．Great places for a working holiday．D．The concept of a working holiday．12．（4.5分）（1）A．Committed．B．Flexible．C．Independent．D．Agreeable．（2）A．They easily get wounded when doing exercise．B．They feel uncomfortable when they are observed．C．They are serious about their exercise plan．D．They are suitable to take up co﹣operative sports．（3）A．To help people understand what personality type they are．B．To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits．C．To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise．D．To describe different types of exercises available at present．13．（6分）（1）A．Student opinions on a biology program．B．The present situation of biology education．C．The treatment and status of biology professors．D．The quality of biology laboratory equipment．（2）A．Incapable teaching staff．B．Inaccessible laboratory．C．Insufficient budget．D．Unmotivated students．（3）A．It's unsuitable for complex experiments．B．It's too complicated to use．C．It's more than satisfactory．D．It's much better than expected．（4）A．The professorsshould be more devoted to the program．B．Some professors may go elsewhere to teach．C．Some professors can't get budge to conduct experiments．D．The professors aren't academically recognized．Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.14．（10分）We want our children to succeed in school and，perhaps even more importantly，in life．But the paradox（悖论）is that our children can only truly succeed （1）they first learn how to fail．Consider the finding that world﹣class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low﹣level figure skaters．Why are the really good skaters falling over the most？The reason is actually quite simple．Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice．（2）（stretch）their limitations，they keep trying their best．They fall over so often，but it is precisely why they learn so fast．Lower﹣level skaters have a quite different approach．They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily，（3）（remain）within their comfort zone．This is why they don't fall over．In a superficial sense，they look successful，because they are always on their feet．Never （4）（fail）in practice prevents them from making progress．（5）is true of skating is also true of life．James Dyson worked through 5，126 prototypes （原型）for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design（6）made his fortune．These failures were essential to the pathway of learning．As Dyson put （7）："You can't develop new technologyunless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong．Failure is essential to invention．"In healthcare，however，things are very different．Clinicians don't like to admit to failure，partly because they have strongegos （自我）﹣particularly the senior doctors﹣and partly because they fear litigation （诉讼）．The consequence is that （8）learning from failure，healthcare often covers up failure．The direct consequence is that the same mistakes （9）（repeat）．According to the Journal of Patient Safety，400，000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error．（10）healthcare learns to respond positively to failure，things will not improve．Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.评分标准：每题（1分）．15．（10分）A．declared B．survive C．individualized D．advocated E．signalF．significantly G．dominated H．contrast I．supposedly J．apartK．inseparableThey're still kids，and although there's a lot that the experts don't yet know about them，one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly．And it's all because of technology．To the psychologists，sociologists，and media experts who study them，their digital devices set this new group （1），even from their Millennial （千禧年的）elders，who are quite familiar with technology．They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don't quite get．These differences may seem slight，but they （2）the appearance of a new generation．The （3）between Millennialelders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has （4）the birth of a new generation in a new book，Rewired：Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn，out next month．Rosen says the technically （5）life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book，Me，MySpace and I：Parenting the Net Generation，that they distinguishthemselves as a new generation，which he hasgiven them the nickname of "ingeneration"．Rosen says portability is the key．They are （6）from their wireless devices，which allow them to text as well as talk，so they can be constantly connected﹣even in class，where cell phones are （7）banned．Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently．"They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do，" Rosen says．"But findings show teens （8）distractions muchbetter than we would predict by their age and their brain development．"Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages，Rosen says，the educational system has to change（9）．"The growth on the use of technology with children is very rapid，and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think．We have to give them options because they want their world（10），" Rosen says．Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.评分标准：每题（1分）．16．（15分）After my public lectures on evolution，someone in the audience asks，"Are we still evolving？" People want to know if humans are getting taller，smarter，better looking or more athletic．My answer is truthful but（1）：We're almost certainly evolving，but we don't know in what （2）or how fast．We've seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia，but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences．For example，we know that during the past 10，000 years，several populations of humans ﹣those keeping sheep，cows or goats for milk﹣gained the ability to digest dairy products．This quality was （3）in our earlier ancestors who，after babyhood，never encountered milk．And in the past 3，000 years，Tibetans have acquired （4）adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high﹣altitude，low﹣oxygen home．But these well﹣documented changes are limited to particular populations，so the （5）for recent evolution of our entire species，remains not much．The authors of "Evolving Ourselves"（6）．Not only，they claim，are we evolving faster than ever，but we're doing it to ourselves．Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have（7）evolution ﹣not just in our own species but virtually in all species："For better or worse，we are increasingly in charge．We are the primary drivers of（8）．We will directly and indirectly determine what lives，what dies，where，and when．We are in a different phase of evolution：the future of life is now（9）．"According to the authors，we've replaced natural selection with what they call "（10）selection．" Overfishing，for example，has reduced the average size of many fish species，for taking the biggest fishes is （11）those smaller fishes．Yet while there's no doubt that we're changing the planet，the claim that we're completely changing evolution on the planet（12）．Let's take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger for example．This（13）has been documented in many species that we eat，but this is just a minuscule fraction （极小的一部分）of the 30，000 known species of fish．The authors speak with （14）assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything．When they claim，for example，our ingestion （摄取）of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that "our children's brains are evolving fast，" they are abusing （滥用）the word "（15）．" Our children's brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological （药理学的）environment，but change alone is not evolution．（1）A．instructive B．disappointing C．decisive D．conflicting （2）A．direction B．region C．frequency D．condition （3）A．beneficial B．adaptable C．unique D．useless（4）A．unproved B．changeable C．genetic D．mysterious （5）A．study B．evidence C．interest D．implication （6）A．disagree B．support C．follow D．approve（7）A．delayed B．overdone C．neglected D．controlled （8）A．unbalance B．disaster C．change D．disturbance （9）A．in our hands B．out of order C．in peace D．out of control （10）A．destructive B．unnatural C．adventurous D．emotional （11）A．by means of B．at the cost of C．in favor of D．for theprotection of（12）A．makes no sense B．makes greatimpressionC．calls attention D．comes to anend（13）A．problem B．mistake C．phenomenon D．obstacle（14）A．strong B．baseless C．sensitive D．persuasive （15）A．environment B．technology C．exposure D．evolution Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．（8分）Once again DC Comics and Warner Bros．have divided fans and critics over their latest superhero film．There had been worrying news about Justice League in the months before its release，with a lot of reshoots of scenes，a new director being brought in to finish the film after original director Zack Snyder's tragic loss of his daughter and，of course，a lot of talk about Ben Affleck's future in the role of Batman．Some people are saying that Justice League is another big disappointment，that it could have been incredible and instead fails to really entertain．Others say that Warner Bros．have finally got it right and that the future for the League looks bright．My opinion lies somewhere in the middle．The film was by no means a disappointment：it was exciting，funny and a lot of fun to watch．There's something special about watching the heroes from your childhood brought to life on the big screen and maybe that is affecting my opinion．However，I will say that a lot of work needs to be done if the producer wants to make a great success．Although the film was good，it was obvious which scenes had been reshot and how the characters had been changed．I also have to mention the several scenes in which the special effects were very badly done；these are the kinds of problems that you don't expect to see in a film with such a big budget．Another point to add is that it is good to see the producer making Superman slightly a brighter character and adding some jokes to the plot to keep things fun．But the producer must be careful not to make the mistake that another film producer﹣here，not mentioning the name ﹣is coming very close to doing：turning all of the films into bright and colorful shows and losing a lot of seriously good stories．In the end，Justice League is not a perfect film but it is definitely not a terrible one．A lot of work is still to be done but I hope that DC does not completely lose its darker side．（1）Before the release of Justice League，many people showed their．A．pity for the director，Zack SnyderB．concern about the film's qualityC．higher expectation of the new directorD．support for the actor，Ben Affleck（2）According to the author，what's special about Justice League？A．It advocates social justice．B．It brings lots of fun to the audience．C．It has some brave heroes．D．It brings back childhood memories．（3）In Paragraph 5the author mainly wants to express his．A．views on the film's weaknessB．advice to the film's directorC．love for the filmD．expectation of the film's sequels（4）The author mentioned another film producer to．A．stress the importance of fun in a filmB．show Justice League's lack of a serious plotC．serve as a warning to the producer of Justice LeagueD．set an example for the producer of Justice League18．（6分）（1）According to the passage，it is good habit to when you are writing your email．A．include all of your social network linksB．send your emails to all of your coworkersC．use different font size to make the massage vividD．keep the subject line brief（2）Which of the following statements might the author agree with？A．The subject line is filled with Hey instead of being left blank．B．Using capitals is acceptable when offering congratulations．C．You are supposed to reply to only one person at a time．D．Social network links should be included in your signature．（3）In which of the following sentences does the phrase "cry wolf" is correctly used？A．Economists are just crying wolf while actually the economic future is not so bad．B．The government is always crying wolf and has never kept the promise to reduce taxes．C．He cried wolf when he received a letter saying that his application had been rejected．D．He just cried wolf in comforting her when he didn't know what had really happened．19．（8分）The recession （衰退）of 2008﹣09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity，the followingrecovery for its weakness．The labour market has also broken the rules，as new research from the OECD，a think﹣tank of mainly rich countries，shows in its annual Employment Outlook．Young people always suffer in recessions．Employers stop hiring them；and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss．But in previous episodes，such as the recessions of the 1970s，1980s and 1990s，older workers were also kicked off．This time is different．During the financial crisis in 2008，and since，they have done better than other age groups．The researchers focus on movements in "non﹣employment" as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012．This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment，where people are looking for work，but also inactivity，where people are not seeking jobs．Whereas the average non﹣employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one﹣and﹣a﹣half points among 25﹣to 54﹣year﹣olds，it has fallen by two points among the 55﹣64 age group．Why have older employees done so well？In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers，but that did not really help themin past recessions．What has changed，says Stefano Scarpetta，head of the OECD's employment directorate，is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff．In the past，early﹣retirement policies provided by governments （in the mistaken belief that these would help young people）made it cheaper to push grey﹣haired workers out of the door．These have largely stopped．Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young．That view is wrongheaded．First，it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another；there is no fixed amount of work．And second，as the report shows，young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace．They do different types of work in different types of occupation：younger people are keen on IT firms，for example，whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries．There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless，but kicking older workers out of the workplace is not one of them．（1）By saying "The labour market has also broken the rules"，the author means．A．young employees were protected by the governmentB．young employees suffered moderately in labour marketC．old employees suffered very little in the labour marketD．The recession had little impact on labour market（2）What do we know about "early﹣retirement policies" mentioned in the 4th paragraph？A．They proved to be little use and nearly no longer in effect．B．They have effectively helped young employees．C．They financially supported the elderly people．D．They have gain popularity in southern European countries．（3）The word "fallacy" （in the last paragraph）probably means ""．A．common beliefB．wrong conceptC．acceptable assumptionD．wise statement（4）Which of the following might the author agree with？A．Early﹣retirement policies should have been well adoptedby governments．B．Young people should be encouraged into traditional industries．C．Supportive policies should be made to help elderly people when crisis occurs．D．Old people's remaining in jobs doesn't necessarily threaten young people's jobs．Section CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.评分标准：每题（2分）．20．（8分）A．It takes continuous time and effort to be successful in any area．B．The general rule goes that the harder you try，the greater results you get．C．Many old beliefs are being performed these days and are followed blindly．D．It always takes tests and then fails us to learn anything worthwhile．E．However，in most circumstances your effort and attempt go well alongside with your desired achievement．F．But the price we pay to realize this is high because it takes a great amount of courage to follow your own path．Life is not easy when you are looking for something worthwhile and ready to learn from the best experiences．（1）Here are some life lessons which people will learn the hard way in majority of cases．（2）However，people usually get discouraged when it takes more time than they thought it would．At this time，people refer only to people who have already achieved what they want to do．Look at any successful person and you'll notice one thing common in all of them：they took time to learn and mastered their skill like no one else．There is no elevator to success and you have to take the stairs．Be brave to take the road less traveled．In our whole life，we always want to follow the same path that everyone suggests，do the same thing everyone does，take the same career path everyone takes，wear the same clothes everyone wears，and hang out with the same people we work with．Why？Because we are scared to fail．But when you get bored of life，you realize that you are not meant to do what everyone does and that your destiny isdifferent from anyone else's out there in the world．（3）You don't have to live your life in a way society wants you to．（4）Parents sometimes force their children to select a career they don't want because other children have selected that career．Worst of all，people follow them without even asking．There is no harm in believing in old beliefs but when you pursue them before your interest，sooner or later you'll realize that you should first do what you think is right．Summary Writing21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．As is known to all，many things can be measured in terms of data．Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth．With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match or the temperature of a certain day．Obviously，data can make our life easier and more comfortable．What is more important，data seem to be fairer than words or statements．If the data are true，we don't have to worry about being cheated．Nowadays，as lies exist in the world，data are expected to tell the truth．Therefore，many of us would rather believe data．On the other hand，if we judge things only by data from the so﹣called specific research，aren't we a little too narrow﹣minded？Many people often treat the so﹣called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions．But sometimes we may find that data aren't everything．For example，how can you tell that somebody isn't a good student just because he or she doesn't get high marks in the final examination？There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data．For example，the degree of your feeling happy in your life，the depth of love between you and your friends，and the faith you have in your country．We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data．There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event．But data should be dealt with wisely．We often get wrong data which mislead us．We should try our best to be wise thinkers．Remember，data have no feeling but we humans have．Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false．Data are data after all．Life is much more colorful than the pale data．So give the cold data a warm heart and we'll find that the world is far more wonderful than the pale data can describe．TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．（3分）我们相约周末去植物园看花展．（appointment）23．（3分）这家超市商品种类繁多，能满足不同的消费需求．（variety）24．（4分）如果父母在教育孩子的问题上意见一致，家庭就会更加和睦．（share）25．（5分）许多学校已将剪纸之类的民间艺术引入课堂，这不但培养了学生的动手能力，也提高了他们的艺术鉴赏力．（not only…）Guided Writing26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．假设你们学校正在向学生征询开设选修课（optional course）的有关事宜．请你写信给校长，提出你希望开设的选修课的名称，并简要说说这门课应该涉及的主要内容以及开设这门选修课的意义．2019年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.第1-10每题（1分）；第11-20每题（1.5分）．1．（1分）A．By car．B．On foot．C．By bus．D．By bike．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】D【点评】略2．（1分）A．A policeman．B．A postman．C．A doctor．D．A teacher．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略3．（1分）A．He didn't sleep well last night．B．He did too much work last night．C．He went to bed late last night．D．He worked late with his work．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略4．（1分）A．The man has just missed his flight．B．The plane is delayed due to bad weather．C．The plane will leave at 9：14．D．The departure time is unknown．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】D【点评】略5．（1分）A．Offering a suggestion．B．Starting an argument．C．Stopping a fight．D．Correcting a mistake．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略6．（1分）A．Apply for a discount．B．Read the agreement．C．Fill in the application form．D．Buy a certain product．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略7．（1分）A．The woman was too tired to see the TV programme．B．The man missed part of the TV programme．C．Both of the speakers found the TV programme boring．D．The man regretted wasting time on the TV programme．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略8．（1分）A．Select the data．B．Revise the report．C．Collect more data．D．Present the report．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略9．（1分）A．Go to bed earlier．B．Learn how to be attentive．C．Spend more time outdoors．D．Take her job more seriously．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略10．（1分）A．He feels sorry for the students．B．He is strongly against the punishment．C．He approves of the professor's action．D．He offers an option to stop cheating．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation，and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 11．（4.5分）（1）A．V olunteer work and study．B．Work and relaxation．C．Adventurous trip and project．D．Cultural study and local visiting．（2）A．It offers ways to learn a new language．B．It helps broaden your horizons．C．It guarantees you to earn money．D．It might take you to unusual places（3）A．Volunteering in foreign countries．B．Ways to spend a working holiday．C．Great places for a working holiday．D．The concept of a working holiday．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】11．B12．C13．D【点评】略12．（4.5分）（1）A．Committed．B．Flexible．C．Independent．D．Agreeable．（2）A．They easily get wounded when doing exercise．B．They feel uncomfortable when they are observed．C．They are serious about their exercise plan．D．They are suitable to take up co﹣operative sports．（3）A．To help people understand what personality type they are．。
2019-2020学年上海闵行中学高三英语期末考试试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年上海闵行中学高三英语期末考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA Lifelong Devotion to Keeping People FedYuan Longping is a Chinese agricultural scientist and educator, known for developing the hybrid rice varieties.Yuan graduated from the Southwest Agriculture Institute in 1953 andbegan his teaching career at an agriculture school.In the 1960s, when a serious food shortage sweptChina, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the yields of rice. He then began a lifelong connection with rice.Yuan succeeded in growing the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per mu (about 0.067 hectares), rising from the previous yield of only 300 kg per mu. For the next four decades, he continued to work on research and development of hybrid rice, achieving increasingly higher outputs. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by Yuan’s team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record.InChina, where rice is the main food for the majority of the 1.4 billion people, the planting area of hybrid rice has reached 16 million hectares, or 57 % of the total planting area of rice, helping feed an extra 80 million people a year.Hybrid rice has also been grown in over 40 countries, including theU.S.,Brazil,India,Vietnam, thePhilippinesandMadagascar. The total planting area of the hybrid rice has reached 8 million hectares overseas.Even after a great success, Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs. In 2017, his team started to grow seawater rice inQingdao. The rice was designed to grow in saline-alkaline land and survive even after being completely in seawater. His team planned to develop a type of seawater rice that could be planted in 6.67 million hectares of saline-alkaline land acrossChinato boost the country’s rice harvest by about 20 %. In 2018, Yuan’s team was invited to plant the saline-alkaline tolerant rice in experimental fields inDubai, which achieved huge success. In June 2020, his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters in northwestChina’sQinghaiProvince. The experiment succeeded.Yuan had two dreams — to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food shortage.1. What made Yuan Longping decide to study rice?A. A serious food shortage.B. Agriculture development.C. His interest in the rice experiment.D. His wish to plant the tallest rice in the world.2. From the passage, we know that Yuan Longping ________.A. developed a variety of hybrid riceB. worked as a scientist after graduationC. started to grow seawater rice inDubaiin 2017D. grew the first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 19533. We can infer from the passage that Yuan Longping’s most outstanding qualities are________.A. modest and outgoingB. honest and creativeC. generous and optimisticD. responsible and devotedBWilliam had worked hard to pass the exams to enter high school. When the term began, however, his father told him that there was no money to pay for his school fees because of the summer drought. Still, William wanted to learn.He made the village library his school. One day, he found a book calledUsing Energy. On the book’s cover was a picture of windmills, tall steel towers with blades (叶片) spinning like giant fans. He learned that wind—something of which his hometown had plenty—could produce electricity.He couldn’t help picturing his own windmill in mind, but collecting the parts and tools he needed would take months. In a junkyard, he dug through piles of used metal, old cars, and worn-out tractors, searching for anything that might help him construct his machine. He made four-foot-long blades from plastic pipe, which he melted over a fire, flattened out, and hardened with bamboo poles.Earning some money, he paid a blacksmith to attach the piston (活塞) to the pedal sprocket (踏板链轮) of an old bicycle frame. This would be the axle (轮轴) of the windmill. When the wind blew, the spinning blades would turn the bicycle wheel and spin a small dynamo (发电机), donated by his friend.When he had collected all the parts, William began putting them together. He fixed the blades to the tractor fan he found, using washers (垫圈) he’d made from bottle caps. Next he pushed the fan onto the piston joint to the bicycle frame. With the help of his two best friends, Williambuilt a 16-foot-tall tower from trunks of trees and lifted the ninety-pound windmill to the top.The big moments eventually came. He climbed up the tower and connected two wires that held a small bulb.As the wind whipped around him, the blades began to turn, slowly at first, then faster and faster. The light bulb flickered (闪烁), then flashed to life. The crowd cheered from below. “Wachitabwina (well done)!”William’s machine now powered his house. And the story of the boy who’d built a power-generating windmill to rescue his family from the drought spread across the Internet.4. After readingUsing Energy, what did William decide to do?A. Make use of wind.B. Enter a high school.C. Build a village library.D. Learn to survive a drought.5. According to Para.3, which of the following word can best describe William?A. Humorous.B. Determined.C. Cooperative.D. Friendly.6. What can you learn about William’s machine?A. It was built by villagers.B. It worked at the first attempt.C. It took him years to complete it.D. It was made from metal materials.7. What is the besttitle for the passage?A. Winds Of HopeB. Ideas Worth SpreadingC. Learning from ExperienceD. Windmills for VillagesCMusic is said to be a universal language. But for Chase Burton, a deaf filmmaker fromTexas, music has always been a totally different experience.“When I was a kid, I’d lie on the floor so I could feel the vibrations (震动，颤动) from my brother’s band rocking out below my body, ” the 33-year-old man said. “That was one of the first times I began building a relationship with music.”In 2016, his ability to experience music changed dramatically, thanks to California-based technology company Not Impossible Labs. It designed a vibrating suit that enables deaf people to “feel” music through their skin. Consisting of a body harness (背带), ankle and wrist belts, the suit translates audio into a range of vibrating pulses that are felt at 24 contact points.Burtonhas been trialing the suit for four years.“The sound hits different parts of your body, ” saidBurton. “Maybe it will strikeme down in my ankles first. And then I’ll start to feel the vibrations in my back. And then I’ll feel some pulsations in my wrist.”The creators want to extends the tactile (触觉) musical experience beyond the deaf community. In 2018, they gave out 150 of the suits at a rock concert inLas Vegaswhere half the audience members were deaf and half were able to hear.Since then, Not Impossible Labs has been working to improve the technology and says it’s ready to go to market soon. Eventually, the creators want the suit to become a consumer product, accessible to all. The company’s talent and business development director, Jordan Richardson, said that the technology could be used in live sports broadcasts, video games and theme parks.As a writer and director who’s been working to make the movie world more accessible,Burtonhopes that the vibrating suit will be available to his film audiences in the future. He believes the suit canenhanceemotions while watching a movie – for hearing as well as deaf people. “I see the tech as a real opportunity to help people understand that music for movies doesn’t always need to be enjoyed through the ears”.8. Why would Chase Burton lie on the floor when he was a kid?A. To feel some pulsations in his wrist.B. To feel the vibrations from his brother’s band.C. To expand the tactile musical experience.D. To begin building a bond with films.9. What do we know about Not Impossible Labs from the passage?A. It was started by Chase Burton in 2016.B. Its products have been used in live sports broadcasts.C. It is a technology company based inCalifornia.D. Its administrative director is Jordan Richardson.10. Which can replace the underlined word “enhance” in the last paragraph?A. createB. expressC. coverD. strengthen11. What is the best title for the passage?A. Vibrating Suit Allows Deaf People to “Feel” MusicB. Tech Company Provides Free Suits for Deaf PeopleC. Deaf People Enjoy Rock Music with Free SuitD. Movies Need to Be Enjoyed Through the EarsDAs I work in theLarkwhistle Garden in Dyer's Bay, Ontario, I take my time and the garden is teaching me aboutworking with the earth. I recognize that there will be both successes and failures and there are many variables(变量)that affect them both.The quality of the seeds planted has a bearing on how the plants will grow. The weather can be too hot, too cold, or exactly right, and usually varies between all three. Weeds seem to grow in the garden and need to be taken care of, pulled, and removed to ensure they do not eat into the fruits, vegetables, and flowers we have so lovingly planted.I take time to stand back and rest, and to observe the plants and how they are growing. Each plant is unique and develops in the way that is best for them. Some have large broad leaves to shadow their fruit from the severe rays of the sun, while other plants are more open, their fruit needing the light to grow and ripen.Getting my hands dirty, feeling the sweat on my forehead, and the strength and flexibility of my body as I dig, bend and work under the warm summer sun, reminds me I am alive in ways I would not have remembered sitting on the couch.It is attractive to move things around, to transplant, and to disturb the natural order of how plants grow. The garden teaches me that it is important to know when to disturb things and when to let them be. The garden's life cycle follows a pattern that is repeated according to laws of nature, birth, growth, and then dies and it teaches us to accept this fact.12. How many variables may affect the growth of plants in the garden?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.13. What can we learn about the author?A. He feels exhausted while gardening.B. He enjoys life from working practice.C. He takes pleasure in harvesting fruits.D. He dreams away his time in the garden.14. How is the garden tended by the author?A. Its rank grass is got rid of.B. Its plants are left to grow freely.C. Its temperature is controlled properly.D. Its plants with large broad leaves are cut off.15. What fact does the author learn from gardening?A. Life takes its course.B. Hard work benefits health.C. Time is short and precious.D. Gardening brings good harvest.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。