专四真题听力原文上课讲义
专四听力讲义-2017-2016年真题
专四听力讲义-2017-2016年真题专四听力讲义DictationLearning SympathyA big part of being human is feeling sympathy,／but how early on in our lives do we learn this?/ Scientists find that babies respond to other people/ by crying when other babies cry. /However, babies can't distinguish between themselves and others /until they are eighteen to twenty months old. /Toddlers start to show concern for others around this time./ Kids also begin to do things like comforting other people./ And by the time they are three,/ most children will try to protect a victim in a fight./Tips:时态问题：一般现在时并列句及标点问题数字问题易错单词：sympathy；distinguish; comforting；victim; Toddler；babiesT alkOnline EducationIntroduction●On line courses can bring the best quality education to people around the world for free. Components of online education●no constraints of (1) __________--content design for online courses--short, modular units each discussing (2) __________--different ways of dealing with the material--a much more (3) __________●providing students with--(4) _______questions--(5) _______ on the questions●(6) ______ in different ways--(7) _________forum--median response time: 22 minutesBenefits of online education--education as a (8) __________--enabling (9) __________--making (10) __________ConclusionOnline education will have a promising future.Online EducationGood morning, everybody. In today’s lecture, we will talk about online education. You know in some parts of the world, it is not that easy for people to receive education. And even in the United Sates where education is available, it might not be within reach. Thus, online courses provided by those world famous universities can bring the best quality education to as many people as we could around the world, and for free.First, let’s talk a little bit about some of the components that go into online ed ucation. (1) The first component is that when you move away from the constraints of a physical classroom and design content for an online format, you can break away from, for example, the one-hour lecture format. You can break up the material, for example, into short, modular units of 8 to 12 minutes, （2）and each of the short unit introduces a coherent concept. Students can deal with this material in different ways, depending on their background, their skills ortheir interests. So, for example, some students might benefit from a little bit of preparatory material that other students might already have. Other students might be interested in a particular topic that they want to pursue individually. So this format allows students to break away from the one-size-fits-all model of education, （3）and allows students to follow a much more personalized curriculum. Second, and perhaps one of the biggest components of our online education is that we need to have students who practice with the material in order to re ally understand it. There’s been a range of studies that demonstrate the importance of this. A study in Science last year, for example, demonstrates that even simple retrieval practice, where students are just supposed to repeat what they already learned gives considerably improved results on various achievement tests.（4）So we need to build in much more meaningful practice questions. （5）Now, fortunately, technology has helped us to provide the students with feedback on those questions. We can now grade a range of interesting types of homework online.(6)The third component is what is called collaborative learning. Students could collaborate in different online courses in a variety of ways. (7) First of all, there was aquestion and answer forum, where students could pose questions, and other students could answer these questions. And what is really amazing is that, because there were so many students, it means that even if a student posed a question at 3 o’clock in the morning, somewhere around the world, there would be somebody who was awake and working on the same problem, and he might answer that question. And so, in many of the online course, the median response time for a question on the question and answer forum was 22 minutes.So in a word, if we wanted to offer top quality education to everyone around the world for free, what would that affect us?Three things. (8) First, it would establish education as a fundamental human right, where anyone around the world with the ability and the motivation could get the skills they need. (9) Second, it would enable lifelong learning. It’s a shame that for so many of us, learning stops when we finish high school or when we finish college. By making this amazing content available, we would be able to lea rn something new every time we wanted, whether it’s just to expand our minds or it’s to change our lives.(10) And finally, this would make a wave of innovation possible, because amazing talent can be found everywhere.To sum up today, we have talked about some features of online education and its benefits. We are sure that online education will have a promising future. In the next lecture, we are going to learn how online education has changed people around the world.Conversation One1.A. It has wiped the data from the flash drive.B.It can't read data from the flash drive.C.The files stored in it have got lost.D.The files in it can't be opened.2. A. Get a total refund.B.Get a partial refund.C.Get a new computer.D.Get a new hard disk.3.A. Indifferent. B. Surprised. C. Anxious. D. Dissatisfied.4.A. By 8:30 tomorrow morning. B.After 8:30 tomorrow morningC.At 8:30 this evening.D.Anytime tomorrow.5.A. 6574-3205. B.6547-2305. C.6457-2035. D.6475-3025.Questions1: What's wrong with the man's computer?2: How will the man be compensated if the computer can't be fixed?3: How did the man feel about the woman's offer of compensation?4: When will the service engineer come to fix the computer?5: What is the man's phone number?原文Conversation OneW: Good afternoon, this is BES customers service line, Maggie is speaking. How can I help you? M : Yeah, yeah. Look, it’s about the computer I’ve bought off you one month ag o.W: Yes, what seems to be the problem?M : Well, I was transferring my files to it from my flash drive and they got lost, everything.W: Ok, now don’t worry; I am sure we can sort something out. First, can you give me a few details? The computer has lost all your data you’re saying?M: Yes, (1)but you don’t understand it has wiped everything of the flash drive as well. My whole life! My whole life was in those files.W: Oh my goodness. Are you sure? Sounds like a problem is with your flash drive.M : Of c ourse not. There’s nothing wrong with my flash drive. I’ve had it for years. And I used it yesterday in my office in another computer.W: OK. I can understand how upset you must be. Now I don’t think we can deal with it on the phone. So I’m going tosend a service engineer to see if they can retrieve your data. Can you give me your product reference number?M : Eh… yes, it’s …here it is.It’s RF40-101.W: Thank you.M : I’ll be expecting a total refund and com pensation if this can’t be fixed.W: I’m sorry, but we’re not authorized to give refunds, what I can do is to send you a brand new computer. How would that be?M: But mine is supposed to be a brand new computer. You think I want another one of this after what the last one did to my files?W: Well, let’s see what our engineer can do. Hopefully, it’s not quite as bad as you think. NowI’ve got your address here in your customer file. N o.23 bond Street, right?M: Yep, right.W: And it’s Mr. Adams. Isn’t it?M: Right. Mr. Adams, we’ll have an engineer with you early tomorrow morning, and I’ll ask him to bring a new hard disk with him. Will you be at home?W: Yes, but not before 8:30.W: OK. Our engineer will contact you before he comes. Can you be reached by this number, 6574-3205?M: Yes, sure.W: Well, best of luck this afternoon. I hope we can solve the problem for you.M: Well, thanks. Er… goodbye.W: Goodbye, Mr. Adams.Conversation Two6. A. Hold a party at home.B.Introduce ourselves firstC.Avoid meeting them.D.Wait for them to visit us.7. A. Do nothing about it. B.Tell him to stop.C.Give him a reason to stop.D.Call the police immediately.8. A. Try to be patient. B.Try to be sympathetic.C.Don‘t appear to be friendly.D.Don't answer their questions.9. A. No more than five minutes. B.Five to ten minutes.C.About half an hour.D.About an hour.10. A. Family Circle Magazine. B.Morning radio programs.C.Betty's website.D.CBS news website.Questions:6 What should we do if our neighbors didn't reach out?7 Which is the best way to handle a noisy neighbor?8 What should we do if we have a nosy neighbor?9 How long do we expect our neighbors to stay?10 Where can we get more information on this topic?听力原文：M: Well, for years, people have been trying to keep up with the Joneses, but instead of competing with your neighbors, how about actually trying to get along with them? Joining us with some simple tips on how to deal with those likeable and not so likable neighbors is Betty Wong; she is the Executive Editor of Family Circle magazine. Good morning, Betty.W: Good morning, Allen.M: Well, in an ideal world, I guess we would all get along with our neighbors, wouldn’t we? W: Right, right. We hope so.M : But how do we establish a good relationship? When you move into a neighborhood, right,should you reach out to the neighbors or should they be reaching out to you?W: I think it could work either way. I mean, certainly, if they don’t reach out to you, don’t assume that they are being rude or unfriendly. They just might be holding back because they think you are too busy. So if they don’t make that first step, you know, after a few days, go ahead and introduce yourself.M: Yeah, neighbors can be really helpful, but of course they can also be annoying. For example, neighbors who make a lot of noise.W: Well. Loud music is one of those top complaints, and I think you know for most reasons… people, they probably aren’t even aware that they are causing problems for their neighbors. And I think if you bring it up t o your neighbors’ attentio n they will be more than happy to fix it. You could say something like, you know, I’m kind of, I’m really a light sleeper or I suffer from headache. Can you help me out by, you know, turning down the music during those evening hours or the early morning or come up with a compromise that works for both of you.M: Don’t just call the police, right? Which a lot of people do.W: Of course, no.M: Right, then what about a nosy neighbor.W: Right, I think a lot of time as we may mistake nosy behavior for being, you know, nosy or poky when they are just being kind of trying to be friendly, or maybe that person’s lonely. It’s…. You kind of have to see what the motive is there, andoftentimes, if you are little evasive, or, you just don’t a nswer their question, they often take the hint and back off.M: And the neighbor that comes to visit and wont go way?W: Well, I think, you know that, there might be somebody who is just really lonely and wants a friend. You know oftentimes I think the rule is a five or ten minute-visit, is fine. Because you know that way you are not imposing on that person’s schedule or that person’s plan. But you know, you don’t have to be best friends with your neighbor at all, you can just be polite, and say hello in th e morning, and that makes everybody’s relationship so much better.M: Well, that’s important. Betty Wong, thanks so much for the tips we appreciate from Family Circle magazine and for more on this topic and others, head to the Early Show website at /doc/c88b2e7bdc88d0d233d4b14e852458fb76 0b381e.html .2016年DictationThink Positive and Feel PositiveAre you confident or insecure in a difficult situation?／Do you react positively or negatively? ／The answer may depend in part on whom you’re around.／A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases.／For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. They measured each roommate’s tendency towards negative thinking.／It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious.／Students with a negative thinking roommate became more depressed themselves, ／and students with more positive thinking roommates／were more likely to become more positive as well.听写重难点突破：1.注意时态，研究是过去某一时段开展的。
2020年最新英语专业四级考试听力原文
Part II DictationDisappearing ForestsThe world’s forests are disappearing. As much as a third of the total tree cover has been lostsince agriculture began some 10,000 years ago. The remaining forests are home to half of thespecies thus becomin g the chief resource for their survival. Tropical rain forests once world’scovered twelve percent of the land of the planet. As well as supporting at least half of the world species of plants and animals, these rain forests are home to millions of people. But there are other demands on them. For example, much has been cut for timber. An increasing amount of forestlandhas been used for industrial purposes or for agricultural development, such as croporiginal rain forests remained, and they growing. By the 1990s less that half of the earth’sforests are now continues to disappear at an alarming rate every year. As a result, the world’sfacing gradual extinction.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A Statement1.Next I’d like to show you a three-bedroom apartment on the second floor which is newly builtone we have for rent.2.It used to take a fortnight to travel from London to Edinburgh by coach. However, you couldnow travel many times around the world in that time.3.Jack, thank you for inviting us to dinner in your house tomorrow. But I’m extremely sorry thatmy wife and I won’t be able to make it.st time we discussed some patterns of animal behavior and in today’s lecture you’llconcentrate on the methods used in the study of animals.5.In my opinion, motivation, rather than intelligence, often decides how far a person can go inhis career.6.In order to understand this writer thoroughly, you have to read between the lines.st week at the sale Jane bought herself an overcoat for 30 pounds which was one quarter ofthe regular price.8.Due to the continual rain the school sports meet has been postphoned again till further noticefrom the principal’s office.Section B Conversation9.M: I’m really getting worried about Mary. She is sitting in for the exam in two weeks’ time.But all she is talking about now is nothing but an upcoming concert.W: She may fail along that line. Let’s try to talk some sense into her.10.W: Tony, do you have a belief in UFOs?M: Me? Well, I have never seen one. But there are a lot of people who have, or they think they have, seen one.11.M: You know, I started out in civil engineering, then I switched to electronic engineering. Butwhat really interests me is electronic music.s a long way away from civil engineering.W: Well, that’12.W: How about a pound of milk for our breakfast? But it doesn’t seem to look fresh now. doyou think it is still all right to drink?M: Let me smell it. Well, it has gone off. If I were you, I wouldn’t even think of it.13.M: Is it true that all of them survived the fire last night?W: Yes, a miracle, isn’t it? There was a couple on the second floor and two women and three kids on the ground floor. But no one was badly hurt.14.W: I’m going to take a blood test at 7:45 tomorrow morning.M: In that case, you won’t miss any courses tomorrow morning then.15.M: I’m not really an expert on precious stones, but these are superb. Don’t you like them?W: Have you looked at the price tag? It costs almost twice as much as a house where we are living in.16.W: You seem to be restless the whole day today. What’s up?M: Later in the afternoon they will announce who will get permission for the study trip to Africa.17.W: I will never go with Bill again. He could never remember where he parked his car.M: That certainly sounds like Bill.Section C News BroadcastNews Item One (18-19)Britain has announced that it has decided to cancel about 200 million pounds’ worth of the dibts owed to it by poorer Commonwealth countries. The international development secretary says the relief is being offered to countries committed to eliminating poverty and pursuing good government. This would include taking action against corruption. At the sam time Coomon Market finance ministers are meeting in Muricius. Britain is expected to put forward a fesh initiative on reducting the debts of the poorest countries. The chancellor of Exchequer has indicated the plan to revise the scheme put forward last year by the International Monetary Fund which has not yet provided any relief.News Item Two (20-21)An underground train derailed at the station in central Paris yesterday, injuring 23 people and just missing another underground train standing on the opposite track. French emergency services say the trains were traveling at 35 kilometres per hour when it detrailed at the entrance of the station. No one was killed and no one was trapped in the train during the accident. Ambulances rushed to the scene and doctors began treating caualties in the station and a nearby cafe. Some people have broken limbs and others have suffered bruising. No onw was in a critical condition.As yet it was not known why the train came off the tracks.News Item Three (22-23)Argentina civil servants held a 24-hour strike yesterday to protest pay cuts of 12-15% for anyone earning more than 1,000 US dollars a month. Public service unions and local teamsters plan to hold the protest rally in front of the government house. The work stoppage comes at thelast Friday’s general strike when many of Argentina’s 12 million workers stayed home after the nation’s powerful General Worker Confedreation, the nation’s largest union gropu, called a one-day strike to protest spending cuts and free market reforms.News Item Four (24-25)Germany was due to strike a deal yesterday to close down its 19 nuclear power plants, making it the first major inductrial nation to commit to withdrawing from nuclear energy. Talks between Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder’s government and chiefs of German energy industry were to begain at 8:30 p.m. Closure of German 19 reactors, which provided around a ghird of the country’s elctricity needs, was a key pledge of the Green, the junior partner in Schroe-eer’s coalition government.。
全国商务英语专业四级样题4听力原文
样题4听力原文Section OneM: Hello Jennifer.W: Hello Callum.M: Do you like to travel?W: Oh yes，I love going to new and interesting places.M: What do you think of the idea of a one-way trip to Mars?W: Do you mean the planet Mars?M: Yes, this is what is being planned at the moment by a company in the Netherlands.They areplanning to send people to Mars who would never be able to come back toEarth.W: Really?M: What is interesting about it is that it would be a one-way trip.W: Why is this a one-way trip?M: It has to do with technology. Although we have the knowledge and technology to get people toMars，we can't get them back.W: That's a big commitment, isn't it? But I imagine some people will stilljump at the opportunity.But what kind of people are going to berecruited for this "trip of a lifetime"?M: They want smart people,，which means clever, intelligent people. These people need to behealthy both physically and mentally. They also need people with very specific skills.W: I would think so.M: And there is something more important.W: What's that?M: Character. You need to have the right personality.W: What other characteristics are they looking for?M: They want people who can still work well when things are bad. People who are calm in a crisis. So does it sound like the job for you?W: Absolutely not. I don't mind travelling but I think it's a bit far for me. And what about you?M: No, it's not for me, either.. I don't think I'm the kindof person who can handle a crisis with calm!W: I was wondering how they were going to pay for all of this. After all, it's not a government programme, is it?M: A very good question. They plan to finance this by involving the whole world as a n audience.W: So where is the money coming from?M: Television. It sounds like a big reality TV show to me. The Olympics raised a lot o f moneyfrom people watching television and this will be the same. There will be a big audience totune in and watch the mission but also the relationship between the people on the mission andperhaps even the birth of the first Mars baby.W: Would you watch it?M: Definitely, yeah, it would be fascinating viewing. How about you?W:You know what, I'm not usually a fan of reality TV, I would probably get bored ver y easilythough.Section TwoWomen in northern European nations are closest to equality with men on wages, education and health.That is the finding of a report by the World Economic Forum.The United States ranked 28th. On Friday, President Barack Obama announced the government will require large businesses to report how much they pay men and women. The data will be used to target companies that pay women less to do the same jobs.According to the World Economic Forum report, women worldwide continue to lag behind men on wages. Based on current trends, they will need 126 years to catch up, according to the report.Women are making progress. But they still only earn what men did 10 years ago, say the report's authors.The report measures the gender gap for women in 145 nations for health, education, economic opportunity, and political power. Women have not achieved equality in any of the 145 nations included in the survey, says the report.Women came closest to equality in four Northern European nations – Iceland, Norway, Finland and Sweden. Ireland ranks No. 5.At the bottom of the women's gender ratings are Yemen, Pakistan, Syria, Chad, Iran and Jordan.More women than men are attending colleges in 97 nations. But women make up a majority of skilled workers in only 68 nations. Women control the majority of government and political positions in only four.At last week's World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, Sheryl Sandberg, chief operating officer at Facebook, spoke about gender equality."The reason to work towards equality – whether woman or man – is that it is better for you," Sandberg said. "We should be doing this not because it's the right thing, but because it's the smart thing. ... So do it because it will help you."The World Economic Forum completed its worldwide 2015 gender gap survey in November.I'm Anne Ball.Section Three （太长）JUDY WOODRUFF: We begin tonight with politics,and the role of money in the cam paign for theWhite House.New Federal Election Commission reports spell outhow much each of the candidates has raised andspent so far. For the Democrats, Hillary Clinton spentnearly $49 million in July, while Republican DonaldTrump spent $18.4 million, a little over a third ofwh at Clinton spent. Since the race began, the Clintoncampaign has spent $319 million, w hile the Trumpcampaign has spent $89.5 million.We catch up on all of this now with Matea Gold. She covers money and influence for TheWashington Post.And we welcome you back to the "NewsHour."MATEA GOLD, The Washington Post: Great to be with you.JUDY WOODRUFF: So, Matea, when you look at these numbers that we have just cit ed ofwhat these two candidates have spent, what does that tell you about their prioritie s?MATEA GOLD: Well, I have to say, when Donald Trump's filing came in late Saturda y night, itwas incredibly surprising. He had actually had a very successful fund-raisin g month in July. Heactually almost matched Clinton and the DNC through his fund-rai sing in conjunction with theRNC.So, we expected to see a lot of spending. But, really, this is a reflection of the complet elyunorthodox approach that Trump has taken to this campaign. He actually really has scoffedat some of the traditional campaign investments that you see campaigns making over t he years.So, for one, he doesn't believe in expensive TV ads. He's just starting that right now. A nd hehasn't built a big infrastructure on the ground. And those are the two big differen ces.JUDY WOODRUFF: And speaking — one way to look at infrastructure, I guess, is th e numberof staff they have hired. And you look at that and you see that in these numb ers of what youfound in their filings.MATEA GOLD: Yes, it's really remarkable, Judy.So, by the end of July, Clinton had 705 paid staffers, and Trump had 82, barely just m aybe ahalf-dozen more than he had in June. This is a period of time that both of the ca ndidates werereceiving their nominations at the conventions, a time when candidates t raditionally are gearingup for the final four months of campaign.And, really, what's happening here is Donald Trump is leaning on the Republican Nati onalCommittee, the national party, to provide the kind of ground voter motivation that oftenusually the candidate takes the lead in doing.JUDY WOODRUFF: And when you contrast, I think, the size of — the small size of DonaldTrump's staff compared to previous presidential campaigns, it's really — it's a notabledifference.MATEA GOLD: No, there is no comparison.And what of the things that I think worries actually Trump allies is that he's too vulner able byleaning on the RNC in this way. If Trump's numbers do not improve late in the fall, if the RNCdecides to have its folks on the ground focus on Senate and House can didates, as opposed toreally pushing their presidential candidate, he really won't have anyone there to make up thedifference.JUDY WOODRUFF: Now, Matea, you also told us, it's interesting when you look at t hesenumbers, how much they spent on television on advertising. What do you find the re?MATEA GOLD: They're really mind-blowing.By the end of July, Clinton's campaign had already spent $108 million on TV producti on andairtime. They just announced today another $80 million on national cable. Trump, by comparison, last week launched his first general election ad, $4.8 million.JUDY WOODRUFF: And what is the campaign — what is the Trump camp saying ab out this?MATEA GOLD: So, their argument is, they don't need television in the way that she d oes. Hehas a huge megaphone through earned media, as we have talked about already in this election.His every remark, every speech…JUDY WOODRUFF: News coverage.MATEA GOLD: Exactly. His every remark and every tweet gets incredibly amplified through themedia.And he reaches people directly through social media, so they really don't feel like they have tospend in the ways that she does. And, in fact, we saw that this race was very ti ght up andthrough the summer until the conventions, at the time she was spending a lo t on television.And that validated their theory of theirs.JUDY WOODRUFF: Now, let's look, Matea, at where the money is coming from.The campaigns confirmed some numbers we actually saw a few days ago, that she rai sed aidsabout $90 million in July, he raised about $82 million. It sounds like relative p arity there, butwhat more is there to see?MATEA GOLD: Well, one of the mysteries of Trump's filing is why there wasn't more in hisactual campaign account by the end of the month.His campaign has said they had raised about $64 million online and through direct ma il with theparty. We thought we would see most of that in his campaign. He ended up j ust reporting $36million in his campaign, which suggests a lot of that money hasn't be en transferred over fromthe joint fund-raising committee or has been spent in another way.And…JUDY WOODRUFF: Let me just stop you there.MATEA GOLD: Sure.JUDY WOODRUFF: Explain the difference between the joint fund-raising committee and thecampaign, those two pots.MATEA GOLD: Yes.So, there's — both of the candidates actually are working through two joint fund-raisi ngcommittees. It's basically a committee that raises money for both the campaign and thenational party and splits the proceeds. And so a share of the money that goes into t he jointfund-raising committee legally goes to the campaign. Another share goes to th e national party.And, usually, the small donations end up with the campaign. And those are really tradi tionallythe most valuable, because the candidate controls that money and can really di rect thoseresources.JUDY WOODRUFF: And speaking of small donations, it's interesting how much of t he money— to look at how much came from donors giving $200 or less, with Clinton, $62 million, 18percent of what she raised. But, for Trump, it was 30— over 30 percent.MATEA GOLD: There is no question that, as soon as he finally began fund-raising, h e tappedinto incredible enthusiasm among his supporters, and, in fact, caught, I think, the Clintoncampaign by surprise with how much money he was able to raise so quickl y online throughsmall donors.And he's also put in a large share of his own money,$52 million by the end of July, into thispresidential bid.JUDY WOODRUFF: Fascinating. One month's reporting, there's a lot there.Matea Gold with The Washington Post, we thank you.MATEA GOLD: Thank you.。
专四听力原文
专四听力原文Legal Age for Marriage (1997)Throughout the United States, the legal age for marriage shows some difference./ The most com mon age without parents’ consent is 18 for both females and males./ However, persons who are under age in their home state can get married in another state, and then return to the home stat e legally married./ Each state issues its own marriage license./ Both residents and non-residents a re qualified for such a license./ The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state./ Most st ates, for instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not./ Most states permit either a c ivil or religious ceremony, but a few require the ceremony to be religious./ In most states a waitin g period is required before the license is issued. /This period is from one to five days depending o n the state. / A three-day-wait is the most common. In some states there is no required waiting p eriod.The Railways in Britain (1998)The success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities,/ led to a great increase in railw ay building in Victorian times. / Between 1835 and 1865 about 25000 kilometers of track were bu ilt,/ and over 100 railway companies were created. / Railway travel transformed people's lives. / Trains were first designed to carry goods. / However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day / which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. / Soon working class passengers found they could a fford to travel by rail. / Cheap day excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapi dly. / The railways also provided thousands ofnew jobs:/ building carriages, running the railways and repairing the tracks. / Railways even changed the time. / The need to run the railways on tim e meant that local time was abolished/ and clocks showed the same time all over the country. / United Nations Day (1999)The 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations Day. /it is a day that belongs to everyone./ A nd it is celebrated in most countries of the world./ Some countries celebrate for a week instead o f a day. /In many parts of the world, schools have special programs for the day. /Boys and girls in s ome communities decorate a UN tree./ In other communities, young people put on plays about t he UN./ Some libraries exhibit children’s art works from around the world. /Schools celebrate wit h the songs and dances of other countries/ or give parties where foods of other countries are ser ved./ No matter how the day is celebrated,/ the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyon e understand the UN,/ and the important roles it plays in world affairs. /The UN encourages peop le to learn about other lands and their customs./ In this way, people can gain a better understand ing and appreciation of peoples all over the world./What We Know About Language (2000)Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. /However, we now do know something about it./ First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort./ No hu man race anywhere on earth is so backward/ that it has no language of its own at all. /Second, th ere is no such thing as a primitive language./ There are many peoples whose cultures are undevel oped/ but the languages they speak are by no means primitive./ In all the languages existing in th e world today, /there are complexities that must have been developed for years. /Third,we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. / Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. / An d finally, we know that language changes over time, / which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. /The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead. / Characteristics of a Good Reader (2001)To improve your reading habits, /you must understand the characteristics of a good reader. /First, the good reader usually reads rapidly. / Of course, he does not read every piece of material at the same rate. / But whether he is reading a newspaper/ or a chapter in a physics text, / his re ading rate is relatively fast. /He has learned to read for ideas/ rather than words one at a time. /N ext, the good reader can recognize/ and understand general ideas and specific details./ Thus he is able to comprehend the material /with a minimum of effort and a maximum of interest./ Finally, the good reader has in his command /several special skills, /which he can apply to reading proble ms/ as they occur./ For the college student,/ the most helpful of these skills/ include making use of the various aids to understanding /that most text books provide/ and skim-reading for a gener al survey./Disappearing Forests (2002)The world’s forests are disappearing. / As much as 1/3 of the total tree cover/ has been lost since agriculture began some 10,000 years ago. / The remaining forests are home to half/ of the world’s species,/ thus becoming the chief resource for their survival. /Tropical rain forests once co vered 12% of the land of the planet,/ as well as supp orting at least half of the world’s species of p lants and animals./These rain forests are home to millions of people. /But there are other deman ds on them./ Forexample, much has been cut for timber./An increasing amount of forest land /ha s been used for industrial purposes /or for agricultural development /such as crop-growing. /By t he 1990’s less than half of the earth’s original rain forests remained,/ and theycontinued to disappear at an alarming rate every year./ As a result the world’s forests ar e now facing gradual extinction.Salmon (2003)Every year, millions of salmon swim from the ocean into the mouths of rivers and then steadily up the rivers./ Passing through waters, around rocks and waterfalls,/ the fish finally reach their origi nal streams or lakes./ They dig out nests in the riverbed and lay their eggs./ Then, exhausted by their journey,/ the parent salmon die./ They have finished the task that nature has given them. /M onths, or years later, /the young fish start their trip to the ocean. /They live in the salt water from 2-7 years,/ until they, too are ready to swim back to reproduce. /Their life cycle helps man provid e himself with a basic food-fish./ When the adult salmon gather at the river mouths for the annu al trip up the rivers,/ they are in the best possible condition,/ and nearly every harbor has its sal mon fishing fleet ready to catch thousands for markets.Money (2004)Money is accepted across the world as payment for goods or services. / People use money to buy food, clothes and hundreds of other things. / In the past, many different things were used as mo ney. / People on Pacific islands once exchanged shells for goods. / The Chinese used cloth and kni ves. / In Africa, elephant tusks or salt were used. / Even today, some people in Africa are still paid in salt. /Coins were first invented by the Chinese./originally, they were round pieces of metal wit h a hole in the center, / so that a piece of string could keep them together. / This made doing busi ness much easier, / but people still found coins inconvenient to carry/ when they wanted to buy s omething expensive. /To solve this problem, the Chinese again came up with the solution. /They began to use paper money for coins. / Now paper notes are used throughout the world. The Wrist Watch （2005）It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception / to the normal sequence in the evolut ion of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then ado pted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the wat ch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical f or active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches, / and pilots found them mo st useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percen t. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposesrather than for decor ation.The Internet (2006)The Internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications. / Imagine a book that never ends, a library with a million floors, / or imagine a research project with thousands of scien tists / working around the clock forever. / This is the magic of the Internet. / Yet the Internet has t he potential for good and bad. / One can find well-organized, information-richwebsites. / At the s ame time, one can also find wasteful websites. / Most websites are known as different Internet a pplications. / These include online games, chat rooms (chatrooms) and so on. / These application s have great power, too. / Sometimes the power can be so great / that young people may easily b ecome victims to their attraction. / So we need to recognize the seriousness of the problem. / We must work together to use its power for better ends.2007 AdvertisingAdvertising has already become a very specialized activity in modern times. / In today's business world, supply is usually greater than demand./ There is great competition between manufacturer s of the same kind of product,/ because they want to persuade customers to buy their particular brand./ They always have to remind their customers/ of the name and the qualities of their produ cts by advertising./ The manufacturer advertises in newspapers and on the radio;/ he sometimes employs sales girls to distribute samples of his products; /he sometimes advertises on the interne t as well./ In addition, he always has advertisements put into television programs that will accept them./ Manufacturers often spend huge sums of money on advertisements./ We buy a particular product because we think that's the best./ We usually think so because the advertisements say s o,/ people often don’t ask themselves if the advertisements are telling the truth, /when they buy advertised products from the shops.2008 Choosing a CareerWhen students graduate from college,/ many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives /and they sometimes move from job to job,/ until they find something thatsuits th em/ and of equally importance to which they are suited./ Others never find a job in which they ar e really happy. /They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes. /When we choose our care ers,we need to ask ourselves two questions./ First, what do we think we would like to be? /Secon d, what kind of people are we? /The idea, for example of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive,/ but unless we have great talent, and are willing to work very hard. /We are certai n to fail in these occupations /and failure will lead to unhappiness in life. /So it is important to ass ess our suitability for a certain career in job search./2009 New Year’s EveFor many people in the west, New Year’s Eve is the biggest party of the year./ It’s time to get toge ther with friends or family /and welcome in the coming year./ New Y ear’s parties can take place i n different places. /Some people hold a house party; others attend street parties, /while some jus t go for a few drinks with their friends. /Big cities have large and spectacular fireworks displays. /T here is one thing that all New Year’s Eve parties have in common,/ the countdown to midnight./ When the clock strikes 12, people gi ve a loud cheer and sing songs./ It’s also popular to make a pr omise in the New Year./ This is called a New Year’s resolution./ Typical resolutions include giving u p smoking and keeping fit./ However the promise is often broken quite quickly /and people are b ack into their bad habits within weeks or days./ 2010Freshmen’s' WeekBritain has a well-respected higher education system/ and some of the top universities and resea rch institutions in the world. / But to those who are new to this system, it can sometimes be conf using. / October is usually the busiest monthin the academic calendar./ Universities have somet hing called Freshmen's Week for their newcomers./ It's a great opportunity to make new friends, /join lots of clubs and settle into university life./ However, having just left the comfort of home a nd all your friends behind, /the prospect of meeting strangers in classrooms and dormitories can be worrying./ Where do you start? And who should you make friends with? / Which clubs and so ciety should you join?/ Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you./ They worry about starting their university social life on the right foot./ So just take it all in slowly./ Don' t rush into anything that you'll regret for the next three years/British holiday habits 2011In the late 1970s, air travel became affordable for the average family in the UK, and more people started travelling aboard for their summer holidays. After all, the British weather wasn’t very goo d even in summer. So a lot of people left the country for a vacation. In the 1980s and the 1990s, y oung people in the UK become well-fare on average. As a result, they started to go aboard in grou ps to places such as Spain and Greece. Once they arrived at their destination, they met with othe r groups of young people and had one long party. British holidaying habits have begun to change , however. Climate change means that the UK now has a hotter climate. So people do not need to go overseas to find good weather. Also, going aboard is more expensive. As a result, more British people are choosing to spend their summer holidays in the UK.Ecotourism 2012Nowadays many of us try to live in a way that will damage the environment as little as possible. We recycle our newspapers and bottles; we take public transport to get to work; and we tryto bu y locally produced fruit and vegetables. And we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. T his is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming popular in the world. There are lots of name s for these new forms of tourism: responsible tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educat ional tourism and more. Although everyone may have a different definition, most people agree th at these new forms of tourism should do the following: first, they should conserve the wildlife an d culture of the area; second, they should benefit the local people; third, they should make a prof it without destroying natural resources; and finally they should provide an experience that tourist s want to pay for.What are dreams for2013One theory is that we dream to release the deep, secret desires. We do not express these desires in real life because of the rules of polite society. Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go t o sleep with a problem and wake up with the solution. This may be a way to use our dreams rather than a purpose of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analyzing them may help you to focus on the problem and help you to find the solution.The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk. Dreams organize the events of the day into folders and delete what is not needed. But we all know that very little of what we dream is concerned with what happened to us that day.Limiting the growth of technology 2014 Throughout history, man has changed his physical environment to improve his way of life.// With the tools of technology, // man has altered many physical features of the earth. // He has transfor med woodlandinto farmland. // He has modified the face of the earth// by cutting through moun tains to build roads and railways. // However, these changes in the physical environment// have n ot always had beneficial results. // Today, pollution of the air and water is a danger to the health of the planet. // Each day, thousands of tons of gases come out of the vehicles. // Smoke from fac tories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding countryside. // The air in cities i s becoming increasingly unhealthy. // The pollution of water is equally harmful. // In the sea, poll ution from oil is killing a lot of sea plants and fish. //It is now necessary for man to limit the growt h of technology in order to survive on earth. //。
2016 英语专四听力讲座原文和题目
2016 TEM 4 Mini- Lecture text：What is Grit?Good afternoon, everyone. Today, I would like to talk about my research project concerning the key to success. I would like to start my topic with my own story.When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job: teaching seventh graderssalespeople is going to keep their jobs? And who's going to earn the most money? We went to many places, and finally one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn't social intelligence. It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't IQ. It was grit. What is grit? Well, [4]grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the- week, not just for the month, but for years, [5]and working really hard to make that future a reality. [6]Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint. A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate. [7]It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, test scores and so on. To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows about building it. Every day, parents and teachers ask me” How do I build grit in kids? How do I keep them motivated for the long run?" Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments. [8]In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related to measures of talent. So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids is something called "growth mindset." [9]Growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort. [10]Kids with grit are much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition. So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that's where I'm going to end my remarks, because that's where we are. That's the work that stands before us. We have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.As a conclusion, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier. Nest time, I would like to share with my experience in building up students’ grit.- 2016 TEM 4 Mini- Lecture task：My question●Why isn’t IQ the only difference between situatio ns?●What is the key to (1) _____?My research●Investigation of all kinds of (2) _____, including:- West Point Military Academy- (3) _____- Private companiesMy finding: grit as predictor of success●Grit is (4) _____ for very long-term goals.●Grit is working hard for years to make (5) _____●Grit is living your life like a (6) _____My survey●high school juniors took grit questionnaires●(7) _____ kids were more likely to graduateGrit-building●little is known about how to build grit in students●date how grit is unrelated to (8) _____●growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is (9) _____●kids with grit believe failure is (10)_____- ConclusionWe need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.。
专四1997听力原文+答案详解
1997听力原文PART ⅡDICTATIONLegal Age for MarriageThroughout the United States, the legal age for marriage shows some difference. The most common age without parents’ consent is eighteen for both females and males. However, persons who are under age in their home state can get married in another state, and then return to the home state legally married. Each state issues its own marriage license. Both residents and nonresidents are qualified for such a license. The fees and ceremonies vary greatly from state to state. Most states, for instance, have a blood test requirement, but a few do not. Most states permit either a civil or religious ceremony, but a few require th e ceremony to be religious. In most states, a waiting period is required before the license is issued. This period is from one to five days depending on the state. A three-day wait is the most common. In some states, there’s no required waiting period.PART ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A STATEMENT1. John met me at the door and said his dormitory wasn’t full, but in fact it was.2. We just can’t get over the fact that Jane failed while Mary succeeded.3. At the moment there was no course I enjoyed more than composition.4. If I had known the exercises should be handed in t oday, I’d have finished them yester day.5. I woke up at 8:30, knowing that the appointment was at 9:45, but despite all my plans,I still got there at 10:00.6. If only I had paid more attention to my spelling in the examination.7. Come in, John. Pleas e excuse the mess. We only moved in here a month ago and we’re in the middle of house decoration.8. David decided to take the overnight express train to Rome. Usually he would have gone by plane. But now he wanted to have some time on his own before he got back home.9. My students went camping last weekend. They had a wonderful time and they stayed warm and dry in spite of the weather.SECTION B CONVERSATION10. M: Why did you get up at 6:40? I thought your meeting wasn’t until 10:30.W: I wanted t o visit the park before I left. It’s the first time I’ve seen it.11. W: London is a gorgeous city. From here you can see the Palace Skies.M: Wait until we can get to Paris and Madrid. And don’t forget about Rome.12. M: Do you have any idea what the passage is about?W: I’m as much in the dark as you are.13. M: I’d like to apply for the position you have advertised in China Daily.W: A good command of English and computing is a must as far as the position is conce rned.14. W: I see that Vincent is smiling again.M: Yes, he decided to speak to his boss’s mother about his problem at work rather than to go directly to his boss.15. M: We got the computer repaired last week.W: Oh, so it could be fixed.16. W: There was a storm warning on the radio this morning. Did you happen to be liste ning?M: No, but what a shame! I guess we’ll have to change our sailing plans. Would you rat her play golf or go cycling?SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNews Item One (17)The authorities in Hong Kong have released the second group of Vietnamese boat people from detention after Vietnam refused to accept them. The group of sixteen had been detai ned in 1991 when they entered Hong Kong. The release last month of more than 100 bo at people in Hong Kong caused protest from local residents opposing any move to allow the boat people to stay permanently. There are still some 24,000 Vietnamese boat people i n detention camps in Hong Kong.News Item Two (18-19)NATO troops are to join their former Cold War enemies in training exercises in Poland t his week. The drills which will begin on the 17th are the first major joint exercises of th e Western and Eastern armies under NATO’s partnership.Some 900 soldiers from 13 cou ntries will take part. NATO says it will be a good way to share peace-keeping experience s and develop a common understanding of operational procedures.News Item Three (20-22)A twenty-year action plan for cutting the rate of world population growth is expected to win wide approval today in Cairo. Delegates at the UN-sponsored conference on populatio n complete the final talks on the plan Monday. The document is non-binding but it will s erve as a guideline for countries and states that fund health care and family planning prog rams. The world population of 5.7 billion currently is growing at more than 90 million a year.News Item Four (23-25)In the Philippines a ferry carrying at least 400 people has sunk after an apparent collision with a cargo ship. There was no immediate report of casualties. The accident occurred at about 11:30 a. m. , local time, at the mouth of Manila Bay shortly after the ferry left t he Manila port. A Philippines coast guard’s spokesman said the ferry had been hit by a 1 2,000 ton Singapore registered cargo vessel. Further details were not immediately available.〖LL〗答案与详解PART I WRITINGSECTION A［参考范文］More Pressure From Academic Studies Does No Good To UsNowadays, we may often hear people around us complain that they are under great pressu re in their daily life. It is true that no pressure, no motivation. But, how about much mor e pressure? Different people have different views of point. As for me, I firmly think too much pressure in essence prevents people from achieving academic accomplishment rather than do good to us.The causes are obvious. Firstly, in our opening society, people have to acquaint with a va st number of new things so as to obtain better lives, which request them transfering more times from academic studies to other fields, lessening their academic pressure. Secondly, more pressure from academic studies will make people produce mental problems such as s tress and qualm, in the long run, which will make academic studies become impossible. Therefore in my opinion, those who would achieve academic accomplishment must not be given more pressure. It is a good academic air that does good to us.SECTION B［参考范文］Dear Victoria,We write to apologize for having unintentionally neglected to invite you, our close friend, to show up our party. As you know, we take on an emergent task when the party is co ming. So we trust the invitation issue to our only relative who doesn’t know you.We sincerely hope that this does no harm to our friendship.Sincerely yours,PART ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A STATEMENT1．答案：D【问句译文】讲话者是什么意思？【试题分析】本题为细节题。
专四听力讲义-真题精讲
听力题型介绍 听力评分标准 听力考点及难点 课程框架介绍 如何备考听力
第一部分 导学课
一、听力题型介绍
二、评分标准
Dictation 1. 10 小节，每节 1 分，每节最多扣 1 分 2. 重复错误，仅扣一次分 3. minor mistakes
一节中出现 1 次留作总计 出现 2 次，扣 0.5 分 出现 3 次，扣 0.5，留一处作总计 出现 4 次以上，扣 1 分
• 不完全爆破 1. 辅音／p／,／b／,／t／,／d／,／k／,／g／是爆破音。当一个爆破音的后面紧跟着另一个爆破音 时，前一个爆破音只按其发音部位做好发音口形、形成阻碍，而不爆破出来，稍微停顿后即发出 后面的辅音，这种现象称为不完全爆破。 spectacular／spe(k)ˈtækjulɚ／ countdown／ˈ kaun(t)daun/ great power／grei(t) ˈpaʊɚ／ victim／ˈ vi(k)tim／ 2. 英语音标中还有一种摩擦音，它们是／f／,／v／,／s／,／ z／,／dz／,／ts／,／h／ ,当爆破音 后面紧跟着摩擦音时，只有轻微爆破，也称为不完全爆破。 outside ／ˈaʊ(t)ˌsaɪd ／ big house ／ˈ bi(g) ˈ haus／ good friend ／ˈ gu(d) ˈ frend／ can't sing／ ˈ ka：n(t) ˈ sɪŋ ／
• 弱读音节 some ／sʌm／－／səm ／－／sm／ have／hæv／－/ həv／-／v／ must／mʌst／-／məst／- / ms / and／ænd／- / ənd / - / ən／ of／ov／-／əv /- /v/ - /f/ were /w3:/- / wə／
专业四八级英语专业四级真题听力讲解精品PPT课件
happy with it. M: No, I certainly am not. W: Well, if I could just have the receipt. M: Oh, yes. Well, there is a slight problem about the receipt.
W: And what is that? M: Look. It says here that the noise from it should be undetectable by other
people. W: Yes, that’s right. M: But people can hear it, and t’s really embarrassing on the bus and
underground. W: Well, I’m sorry, but it must be the way you are wearing the headphones. M: Look. I know how to put earphones in my ears. Thank you very much. But
conversation?
M: You have been in a university before, haven't you?
W: Yes, in Britain.
M: How do students go about getting jobs when they graduate?
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2016年专四真题听力原文听写Think Positive and Feel PositiveAre you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? Do you react positively or negatively? The answer may depend in part on whom you're around.A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases. For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. They measured each roommate's tendency towards negative thinking. It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious.Students with a negative-thinking roommate became more depressed themselves. And students with more positive-thinking roommates were more likely to become more positive as well.TalkWhat Is Grit?Good afternoon, everyone. （1）Today, I would like to talk about my research project concerning the key to success. I would like to start my topic with my own story.When I was 27 years old, I left for a demanding job: teaching seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I calculated grades.What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students. Some of my strongest performers did not have super IQ scores. Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.Then I felt very interested in knowing the reason why the students' math performance is not that closely related to their IQ scores. （2）I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of challenging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here and why.My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy. We tried to predict which students would stay in military training and which would drop out. (3)We went to the National Spelling Contest and tried to predict which children would advance furthest in competition. We worked with private companies, asking, which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs? And who's going to earn the most money.We went to many places, and finally one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn't social intelligence. It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't IQ. It was grit.What is grit?(4)Well, grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. (5)Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but foryears, and working really hard to make future a reality.(6) Grit is living your life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate. (7)It turned out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, test scores and so on.To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows, about building it. Every day, parents and teachers ask me, "How do I build grit in kids? How do I keep them motivated for the long run? "Our data shows very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitment. (8)In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated to measures of talent.So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids is something called "growth mindset." (9)Growth mindset is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort.(10) Kids with grit are much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that's where I'm going to end my talk, because that's where we are. That's the work that stands before us. We have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.As a conclusion, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.Next time, I would like to share with you my experience in building up students' grit.CONVERSATION ONEW: Hello, This is Kate Smith, I'm calling from ABC Company.M: Oh, hello, Kate. Great to hear from you.W: You've already been told that you've been shortlisted for interview...M: Oh, yes...W: Well, we're very excited about meeting you. （1）OK, I just want to talk you through the procedure for the day. Someone will meet you when you arrive, and then bring you up to meet myself and Arthur Miller, the CEO.M: OK, sounds good. So will you be the only members of the interview panel there then?W: Yes, it'll be just me and Arthur who will talk to you. The interview will be in three parts---first of all we'll ask you some general questions about yourself and your educational and professional background, and then we'll move on to specifics.M: Oh, um, specifics? Well er, what kind of questions will you be asking?W: Well, it'll be very similar to the personal statement you submitted with your CV — we'll be expecting you to... to give actual examples of problems you've faced and solved, and of what you feel are the major successes in your career so far.M: OK. Well, yeah, that sounds great — can't wait!W:（2） Then there'll be a chance for you to ask us any questions —about the job itself, or ABC Company in general...M: Oh, um, OK... I'll think of something!W:（3/4）After that, we'd like you to give a short presentation on how you see ABC Company as a company progressing, and how you see yourself taking us there.M: OK, so will I be expected to give like a formal style presentation?W: It can be as formal or informal as you like. There'll be a computer and a data projector there available. If you need anything else, just let us know.M: Oh, um... OK, a presentation! I'll think of something. I haven't done one of those in a while... W: Is that all clear?M: Yes.W:（5）Great! So, Daniel, I'll see you at 11 a.m., Thursday next week.M: OK, great. I look forward to meeting you! Thanks, bye.W: Bye.Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. Why does the woman call the man?2. What kind of questions can the man ask in the interview?3. Which is the last part of the interview?4. What might be expected from the man's presentation?5. When is the interview scheduled?CONVERSATION TWOW: It says a growing number of students are making a major hole from the minute they enter the real world because they are already, some of them, more than 100, 000 dollars in debt. With us now is Mark Spencer, he is the senior financial analyst for SBC Bank. Welcome to you.M: Thank you. Nice to be with you.W: Now I guess there are two kinds of debts: good debt and bad debt. Where does this go?M: (7)Well, student loan debt is traditionally considered good debt, but the problem for many students and their families is that the cost of colleges has been going up at 6 to 8% a year, far faster than the income, far faster than the standard of living. That means debt's taking on a bigger and bigger role in financing education.W: (6-1)How much debt is too much debt for, for one student?M: (8)Well, one guideline is that you look at the first year's salary in your field after graduation, and use that as a barometer, but even then...W: Is that right?M: Well, you are talking big payments even in that instance, for example, 30, 000 dollars worth of debt. If you are gonna repay that over 10 years, you are talking more than 300 dollars a month at, in payments every month for 10 years.W: (6-2)But there is surely more than one way to get a loan for college. There are government programs. There are so many kinds of grants. What's, what's the best advice for people who are looking for these loans to try to keep themselves from going under.M: I understand that loans are just one way of college finance. Take advantage of the other opportunities. (9)Things like a college savings plan, let, let you save on a tax advantage basis. So you can put money away in these accounts and withdraw tax-free to pay for that education.W: So it's important to start early and that really reduces that reliance on debt later.M: (6-3)Another thing, leave no stone unturned, looking at grants, scholarships, even on-campus jobs. I mean every dollar you get that way is seen as another dollar you don't have to borrow later.W: (10-1)The kinds of jobs that so many students, the fresh off students, like to go into, er, charity stuff, volunteer work. This debt is eliminating a lot of that, isn't it?M:(10-2) I think that's the social cost. Really, I mean, you know, when you consider that, you know, people may pass up a rewarding career in charitable work, or non-profit organization because they have to get a higher salary someplace else to pay off that debt.W: Yeah, that's for sure. Mark Spencer, senior financial analyst from SBC Bank. Mark, good you could be here.M: Thank you.6. What is the interview mainly about?7. How does the cost of college education change every year?8. What is used to measure student loan debt as a guideline?9. What is the advantage of joining a college savings plan?10. What is the possible social cost of a college loan?。