专题01 广告信息类-五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练(原卷版)
专题01 广告信息类【备考启示】在复习中应着重加大语篇分析的训练，提高学生语篇分析能力和语言的综合运用能力，要精选一些短文阅读试题进行渐进式的强化练习，注重做题时间的控制和阅读速度的定量提高。
从练入手强化知识的运用，从分析入手注重能力的提高，从结果入手寻找适应的差距。
要尽可能使自己始终处于积极的思维状态，充分调动大脑中的语言知识，在训练中不断地加以分析、综合、深化，使整个复习过程处于不断变化、提高、求新、向高考目标接近的运动状态之中。
要做好阅读理解，提高阅读能力，就必须扩大阅读量，探求阅读方法。
对于这方面我们主要加强对以下四个方面的模块训练，一是＂理解主旨要义＂，二是＂理解文中具体信息＂，三是＂根据上下文推断生词的词义＂，四是＂做出简单的判断和推理＂。
学生复习阅读，首先要对照《考纲》对阅读提出的六点能力要求：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义；（4）作出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
检查一下自己在这六个方面中存在的缺陷。
要做到持之以恒，每天阅读三到四篇，限时21-28分钟。
在训练中努力培养学生的学科意识和学科思维能力。
提高＂识别考点，寻找已知条件、排错求证＂的思维能力。
因为复习本身也是一种再创造活动。
【命题分析】近几年高考的阅读理解题呈现出以下特点：1. 体裁多样，选材新颖，话题广泛体裁的多样化是最显著的特点，涉及记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等。
考查最多的是说明文，特别是国外新科技、新发明的说明文。
从选材上看，涉及人物、故事、社会、文化、政治、经济、科普、新闻和广告等多种题材，特别关注当今大家都关注的热点话题，如教育、环境、道德情感、科学发现、生活经历等。
2. 语言地道，题型合理材料都是选取原汁原味的英语文章，所选的材料均来源于实际生活，涉及的内容也是实际生活内容，强调语篇选材的真实性。
在题型设计上，包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题等几大题型，其中细节理解题保持50%的比重，仍为考查重点，但是选项并非与文章完全对应，而是换种表述方法，或根据＂弦外之音＂猜测隐含细节的理解。
推理判断题呈上升趋势，主旨大意题及词义猜测题的比重基本保持稳定。
【应试策略】一、掌握策略，战无不胜阅读理解无论从难度和分数所占比重都是首先应该受到学生重视的，但很多同学在做阅读理解时总是感觉时间不够用，其实只要灵活处理好以下几个方面的关系，这个问题便可迎刃而解。
1. 正确处理好＂快＂与＂准＂的关系新课标全国卷阅读理解有5篇短文，设置20道小题，考试时间35分钟。
这就要求考生在处理阅读理解的时候既要＂快＂，又要＂准＂。
也就是说，在准确把握文章整体、细节以及严密推理的基础上，尽量提高阅读速度，而不是单纯的追求阅读速度。
这样对文章的理解就会非常清晰，哪些题目是自己有把握的，哪些是拿不准的心里也就有了底。
然后对自己拿不准的题目再仔细推敲，力争有所突破。
2. 正确处理好复杂句式、生词和选项的关系高考阅读的长句、难句的数量逐年增多。
结构复杂、修饰语叠缀、信息容量大的句子在高考试卷中频频出现，有时一个句子占几行甚至一个自然段，这就造成了理解的困难，而且也增加了考生的心理压力。
为此，建议大家对这些拦路虎加以正确区分对待：与题目无关，不影响理解文章大意的，就不必浪费时间和精力；相反，那些和题目相关的长难句，我们就要首先分析其类型（是带有较多成分的简单句，还是含有多个简单句的并列句，还是含有多个从句的复合句，还是含有多个插入成分的句子），然后理清句子成分，去除干扰成分，抓住句子主干，这样就能准确把握句子的意义。
对待生词也应该采取同样的方法，首先看看生词是否与题目、文章的大意有关，如果是题目要求所必需的，我们就要弄清楚生词所处的语境，以及和下文的联系，推测生词的含义，否则就忽略它。
3. 正确处理好所需信息与剩余信息的关系高考的阅读理解选材一般在280—400词，每篇设3—4个题，因此一定会有大量的剩余信息。
我们在做题时，没有必要把每一句都弄得清清楚楚，只要重点理解与题目有关的信息就可以了。
这就要求考生在答题时，最好先大体浏览一下文后的题目，确定主攻方向，然后带着问题阅读文章，特别要关注首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和脉络，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息。
然后针对测试题的要求，细心阅读与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落。
4. 所选有据，忠实原文，避免主观做题时，我们必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法当作原文或作者的观点。
同时，符合原文的选项是正确选项但不一定就是最佳选项，阅读题要求选的是最佳选项，有的选项从某个枝节来看是对的，但从全文来看则不是最佳的，因此，必须通盘考虑，取主要，舍枝节。
二、明确步骤，战无不胜1. 阅读题干，明确问题。
在阅读文章之前，可以通过题干对文章进行初步了解。
这样，在下一步阅读时就可以针对问题直接找答案，减少盲目性。
2. 快速掌握大意，不在细节上纠缠。
在第一步的基础上迅速阅读并对文章有大致的了解，这是选出正确选项的前提。
3. 阅读问题题干及其选项，在文中寻找相关的材料并预选选项。
可在文中相应处作出标记，以便进一步了解并最终确定答案。
4. 带着问题略读原文，确定答案。
答完所有题目后，再快速阅读一遍文章，检查各题所选答案是否正确。
查看各题答案是否前后照应，与原文有无矛盾，文中是否有疏漏的重要线索。
三、知己知彼，减少失误有时候四个选项中总有一个极易误选，因此，了解阅读理解题中的干扰项的特点，可以大大减少我们不必要的失误。
概括起来，干扰项可分为以下三种类型：1. 与原文矛盾。
即选项与文章内容相矛盾。
这种选项的干扰性较小，只要仔细阅读就可排除。
2. 无中生有。
即选项与文章内容不矛盾，但在文中没有相关信息支持，没有根据。
这类选项的干扰较大。
在做此类题时，切忌把自己或他人观点作为选择依据。
3. 答非所问。
选题与题目关系不大，选项没有针对题目来阐述。
这类题目干扰性也较大。
同学们在做此类题时，不仅要判断选项内容的正确性，还应注意选项是否针对题目。
广告是阅读理解题常考的一种题材。
几乎每年的高考英语试题都有一篇是关于广告信息的阅读理解，一般占6分或8分。
广告英语与普通英语存在许多差异，广告具有鲜明的目的性，即说服顾客进行购买，这种目的性决定了其语言的特色和风格，使其独立于其他文体。
广告的题材包括旅游广告、招聘广告、生活指南、通知告示、使用规则、注意事项、商品说明等。
广告的语言特点是人名、地名、专有名词多；生词多；缩略词、祈使句、省略句多；词汇较生僻，语言不规范，结构不完整。
广告内容一般包括：主题名称、生产(举办)单位、优点、时间分配，价格及联系方式等。
另外广告中会有很多首字母大写的专有名词出现，如公司名，单位名，人名，大学名，地名，活动名等，理解即可，不认识也不必惊慌。
解题方法根据广告类阅读材料的特点，运用＂题干定位法＂解题，用＂补全成分法＂和＂联想推测法＂来解读广告内容会得到事半功倍的效果。
【典例剖析】Basketball Statistician Help WantedThe Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters. Students in this position will be keeping live statistics during basketball games. Students must meet all of the following requirements:●Good computer skills●Available evenings and weekends●Knowing basketball rules and statisticsStudents interested in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective(各自的) campuses.●TP/SS Athletic Coordinator, Michael Simone,240-567-1308●Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589●Springfield Athletic coordinator, Gary Miller,240-567-2273●Germantown Athletic Coordinator, GavriChavan, 240-567-69151.When will the job start?A .In May 2016 B. In May 2017C. In September 2016D. In September20172.Who is more likely to get job?A. Sam, English major ,member of the college basketball teamB. Judy, IT staff with night classes, children’s basketball team coachC. Ted, computer major, basketball fan, free on evenings and weekendsD. Molly, part time programmer, high school basketball player ,new mother3.Whom should you contact if you want to apply for the job in Rockville?A. MichaelB. JorgeC. GauriD. Gary【文章大意】本文是一篇广告，招聘一位电脑技术好，懂篮球并在晚上和周末有空的学生。
1.C 【解析】推理判断题。
根据第一段第一句中during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters.。
在2016年秋天，2016-2017年冬天和2017年春天。
可知C项“在2016年9月”符合题意，故选C。
2.C 【解析】推理判断题。
根据第一段中Students must meet all of the following requirements:Good computerskills；Available evenings and weekends；Knowing basketball rules and statistics。
【汇编五年高考】2014-2018高考英语试题按题型专题分类解析12交际用语含解析
英语专题目录一览表专题01冠词名词和主谓一致含解析专题02代词介词和介词短语含解析专题03形容词和副词含解析专题04动词和动词短语含解析专题05动词的时态和语态含解析专题06情态动词和虚拟语气含解析专题07非谓语动词含解析专题08定语从句含解析专题09连词和状语从句含解析专题10名词性从句含解析专题11特殊句式含解析专题12交际用语含解析专题13人物传记故事类含解析专题14新闻报道广告类含解析专题15社会生活说理议论类含解析专题16科普类说明文含解析专题17阅读新题型含解析专题18完形填空之记叙文含解析专题19完形填空之夹叙夹议含解析专题20完形填空之议论文和说明文类含解析专题21语法填空含解析专题22短文改错含解析专题23文字提纲式含解析专题24图画式含解析专题12 交际用语2018年高考题1.【2018·天津】5. —I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.—___________. Just let me know when, and I'll be there.A. You betB. It dependsC. Forget itD. No kidding【答案】A【解析】考查交际用语。
句意：——我在几天内会搬家，我想知道你是否能帮忙。
——没问题，只需要让我知道什么时候，我就会到那儿。
A. You bet没问题；B. It depends看情况而定；C. Forget it算了吧；D. No kidding别开玩笑。
根据答句中的Just let me know when, and I’ll be there.可以判断：他/她一定会帮忙。
故选A。
点睛：本题考查日常交际用语，首先读懂对话，弄清句意及各选择项在语境中的具体运用，然后抓住关键答句Just let me know whe n, and I’ll be there.，就不难选出正确答案。
2014_2018高考英语试题分项版解析专题：阅读新题型
专题17 阅读新题型2018年高考试题【2018·全国I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____.A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever you’re looking forC. If you’re experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar withE. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. G 40. F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题06 时文报道类- Word版含解析
专题06时文报道类在信息时代的今天，我们必须关注国内外的重要事件。
因而时文报道类(也称新闻报道类)文章也是阅读理解中必不可少的。
时文报道类文章一般以记叙文为主。
文章的特点是用非常简练的语言清楚地向读者阐述一件事。
这类文章的写作思路往往是这样的：简述某个事件(何时、何地、何人、何事、结果)——具体描述该事件(细节内容)——作者或其他人的看法和评价。
不过，在表达方式上，作者会运用各种表达方式，如倒叙、插叙等，思维的跳跃性较大。
另外，这种文章中往往出现大量的陌生的人名或地名，在阅读时，要学会排除干扰。
时文报道类是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。
如2018年新课标卷I阅读理解C篇；2018年新课标卷II阅读理解D篇； 2018年新课标卷III 阅读理解C篇等【高考探究】高考试题经常以阅读理解的形式出现新闻报道类的文章。
【典例剖析】A schoolgirl saved her father’s life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm’s heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzy’s mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.However, she quickly discovered her arms weren’t strong enough, so she stamped on her father’s chest instead.Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: ＂I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn’t strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.＂＂She’s a little star,＂ said Debbie. ＂I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can’t believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we’ve got to see an expert.＂Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest .A.to express her helplessnessB.to practise CPR on himC.to keep him awakeD.to restart his heart2.What’s the right order of the events?①Izzy kicked Colm.②Debbie called 999.③Izzy learned CPR.④Colm’s heart stopped.A.③①②④B.④②③①C.③④②①D.④③①②3.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?A. What Colm suffered.B. Colm’s present condition.C. What caused Colm’s allergy.D. Symptoms of Colm’s allergic reaction.4.Why does the author write the news?A. To describe a serious accident.B. To prove the importance of CPR.C. To report a 9-year-old girl’s brave act.D. To call people’s attention to allergic reaction.【语篇解读】本文为新闻报道。
2014-2018年高考真题英语试题分类汇编：阅读理解之科普类说明文(精编+解析版)
2015-2018年高考真题英语试题分类汇编阅读理解之科普类说明文（试题部分）答案及解析页码为39～632015年高考试题1、【2015·新课标全国II】BYour house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places –and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clock –or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.25. The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____.their home comfortstheir body shapehouse buyinghealthy diets26. A home environment in blue can help people ____.digest food betterreduce food intakeburn more caloriesregain their appetites27. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?Eat quickly.Play fast musicUse smaller spoonsTurn down the lights28. What can be a suitable title for the text?Is Your House Making You Fat?Ways of Serving DinnerEffects of Self-ConsciousnessIs Your Home Environment Relaxing?2、【2015·新课标全国I】DConflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers - some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session - care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”A cafésociety where no intellect ualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle - longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And th ey need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist”, she says, “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But them, it wouldn’t be France.32. What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?A. Learn a new subjectB. Keep in touch with friends.C. Show off their knowledge.D. Express their true feelings.33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?A. They are less frequently visited.B. They stay open for longer hours.C. They have bigger night crowds.D. They start to serve fast food.34. What are theme cafes expected to do?A. Create more jobs.B. Supply better drinks.C. Save the cafe business.D. Serve the neighborhood.35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?A. They bring people true friendship.B. They give people spiritual support.C. They help people realize their dreams.D. They offer a platform for business links.3、【2015·江苏】BIn the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole. Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste —all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their con tribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take backpackaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place? Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.58.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________ .A. the weight of e-goods is rather smallB. E-waste deserves to be made good use ofC. natural minerals contain more precious metalsD. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste59.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _________ .A. from producers to governmentsB. from governments to producersC. from individuals to distributorsD. from distributors to governments60. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The increase in e-waste.B. The creation of e-waste.C. The seriousness of e-waste.D. The management of e-waste.4、CSuppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g.,“I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to i mportant practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “V olunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expecta tions, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.61.People volunteer mainly out of ______ .A. academic requirementsB. social expectationsC. financial rewardsD. internal needs62.What can we learn from the Florida study?A. Follow-up studies should last for one year.B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.C. Strategy training is a must in research.D. V olunteers are provided with concrete advice.63.What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?A. Individual differences in role identity.B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.C. Role identity as a volunteer.D. Practical advice from researchers.64.What is the best title of the passage?A. How to Get People to V olunteerB. How to Study V olunteer BehaviorsC. How to Keep Volunteers’ InterestD. How to Organize V olunteer Acti vities5、【2015·广东】CDaniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early thepsychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading. “A child’s reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it’s the other way around. “If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television vi ewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.36. By watching TV, children learn _________.A. images through wordsB. more than explicit meaningsC. more about images than wordsD. little about people’s psychology37. An educational program is best watched by a child _________.A. on his ownB. with other kidsC. with his parentsD. with his teachers38. Which of the following is most related to children’s reading ability?A. Radio-listeningB. Television-watchingC. Parents’ reading listD. Parents’ educational backg round39. Anderson believed that _________.A. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he isB. the younger a child is, the more he watches TVC. the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TVD. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school40. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To advise on the educational use of TV.B. To describe TV’s harmful effects on children.C. To explain traditional views on TV influences.D. To present Anderson’s unconventional ideas.6、【2015·陕西】CThe production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out.On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.54. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques.B. It leads to air pollution and global warming.C. It slows down the loss of shade trees.D. It improves local soil conditions.55. The purpose of the text is to .A. entertainB. advertiseC. instructD. persuade56. Where does this text probably come from ?A. An agricultural magazine.B. A medical journal.C. An engineering textbook.D. A tourist guide.57.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?7、【2015·湖北卷】DThe oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks you’re falling . Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A. Deciding on a proper sleep positionB. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bagC. Seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyD. Finding a right time to go to sleep.64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.A. the y circle around on their bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC. they exercise in one place for a long timeD. they watch a movie while pedaling65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.A. their senses stop workingB. they have to stand up straightC. they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD. whether they are able to go back to the station66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.A. how much exercise they do on the stationB. how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC. whether they can recover after returning homeD. whether they are able to go back to the station8、【2015·北京卷】CLife in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It’s trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter lig ht, at least not very much, Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it ----you see the things behind it.To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors oflight. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. A ccording to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materials----skin, fat, and more----and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see—through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it . Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.63. According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_______.A. stay in groupsB. can be easily damagedC. appear only in deep oceanD. are beautiful creatures64. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means__________.A. silentlyB. graduallyC. regularlyD. completely65. One way for an animal to become transparent is to ________.A. change the direction of light travelB. gather materials to scatter light.C. avoid the absorption of lightD. grow bigger to stop light.66. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals________.A. move more slowly in deep waterB. stay see-through even after deathC. produce more tissues for their survivalD. take effective action to reduce light spreading7.【2015·四川】DTheir cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night一as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could p ut the birds’ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.He told people at a conference, "There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy."And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'.During the breeding(繁殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep."Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise. However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.42.According to Dr Dominoni's study, what cause robins to sing so much?A. The breeding season.B. The light in modern lifeC. The dangerous environment.D. The noise from heavy machinery.43.What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output?A. The environment might be polluted.B. The birds' health might be damaged.C. The industry cost might be increased.D. The people's hearing might be affected.44.What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Active at night.B. Inactive at night.C. Active during the day.D. Inactive during the day.45.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?A. Because there are fewer dangers.B. Because there is more food to eat.C. Because there is less light pollutionD. Because there are more places to take shelter.8.【2015·四川】ENo one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden pole s to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible,” physicist Daniel Bonn said.People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way , who led the new study . West said , “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction . I thought , ‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things?’ “A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides , he realized . That , he notes , should make a block of stone” a lot easier to roll than a square”.So he tried it.He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.46.It’s widel y believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ______.A. rolling them on roadsB. pushing them over the sandC. sliding them on smooth pathsD. dragging them on some poles47.The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 me ans____.A. made the path wetB. made the path hardC. made the path wideD. made the path slippery48.What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?A. Rolling the blocks with poles attached.B. Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.C. Rolling poles to move the blocks.D. Rolling the blocks with fat.49.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West ?A. Because more force is needed for sliding.B. Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.C. Because sliding on smooth road is more dangerous.。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练-专题07 史地常识类
专题07史地常识类历史地理类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或选择。
文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代；命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。
阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。
如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。
附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。
＂历史与地理＂是高中英语课程标准话题之一，也是高考常考话题。
本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。
通过＂历史与地理＂这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。
【高考探究】近几年的高考英语中，＂历史与地理＂这个话题屡见不鲜。
在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达中，出题者常会涉及某个地方的史地概况、风土人情等，例如2018年新课标卷III阅读理解B篇；2017年浙江卷阅读理解C篇；2016年浙江卷阅读理解C篇、2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇、2016年四川卷阅读理解C篇、2016年北京卷书面表达、2015年新课标卷I和2015年新课标卷II的语法填空等。
【相关词汇】Ⅰ.必记单词1. attack vt.进攻；袭击2. disappear vi.消失→ disappearancen.消失；失踪3. escape vi.逃跑4. feed vt.喂养；饲养；靠……为生；向……提供5. local adj.当地的→ locate vt.把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于) → location n.地点；位置6. native adj.本地的；本国的7. raise vt.饲养；提高8. range n.山脉；vi.排列；延伸9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓→ threat n.威胁Ⅱ.阅读识记单词12.abolish vt. 废除13.aggression n.侵略→ aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的14.betray vt. 出卖；泄露机密15.distribute vt.发放；分发→ distribution n.分配；配给16.drought n .干旱17.dynasty n .朝代18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发→ eruptionn.爆发19.frighten vt. 使惊恐→ frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→ frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的20.foggy adj.有雾的→ fog n.雾21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的→ freeze vi.&vt.将……冷冻，冻僵→ frozen adj.结冰的，冷冻的22.geography n .地理23.historic adj.历史的；有历史意义的→ history n.历史→ historical adj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的24.historical adj.与历史有关的25.incident n .事变26.independence n .独立27.invade vt.侵略28.monument n .纪念碑29.mountainous adj.多山的30.occupy vt.占领；使忙碌31.origin n .起源；由来32.religion n .宗教33.religious adj.宗教的34.remote adj.偏远的；偏僻的35.racial adj. 种族的36.revolution n .革命37.sacrifice vt. 牺牲38.shortage n .缺乏39.shower n .阵雨；淋浴40.supply vt. 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给41.terrify vt.使恐怖42.urban adj.城市的；都市的43.weapon n .武器II.高频短语1.at war在交战中2.be located in/lie in坐落于/位于3.be rich in富含；盛产4.be separate from与……分离5.be surrounded by被……包围/环绕着6.break out(战争、火灾等)爆发7.clear up清理；清除；天气转晴8.date from起源于；追溯到；始于9.declare war on对……宣战10.defend against抵御11.in peace和平地12.in the long run从长远来看13.take on呈现；接受(工作)；开始雇用14.turn against背叛15.vote for/against投票支持/反对III.固定句型1.so...that...Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage. 有时候，微笑的力量会如此强大以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练：专题02人物故事类
五年高考（2014-2018年）英语阅读理解话题类解读与训练专题02人物故事类人物故事类的文章体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。
写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。
命题以细节为主，推理为辅。
主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家、企业家以及影视、体育明星等杰出人物，尤其重视介绍这些杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的困难取得的成功等。
文章一般会歌颂他们在为人类作出巨大贡献的同时，也为自己的事业谱写出了精彩的篇章。
命题方式考点一细节事实理解一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。
细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。
此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问：1.Which of the following statements i4.According to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？1.直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。
如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This dam wasbuilt to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enoughconcrete in this dam to build a highway from New Y ork to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam w hen it was finished in ter it was renamed Hoover Dam i n honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam, one of the highest dams in the world, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .A. between Arizona and NevadaB. in the Black CanyonC. between New York and San FranciscoD. both A and B由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。
2014-2018年高考全国卷英语作文及参考翻译
2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ假定你是李华，计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。
下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况(箭头所指内容)。
注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：住宿accommodation【参考范文】Dear Sir/Madam，I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.I've seen your ad，and I'd like to know something more about your six-week English course.First，when will the course start and how many class hours are there per week？Besides，I wish there would not be too many students in a class.I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.Would there be host family or university dormitory?I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully，Li Hua亲爱的先生/女士，我是一名在中国的学生，我计划在假期期间去英国上暑期学校。
我看过你的广告，我想了解一下你为期六周的英语学习情况。
首先，课程什么时候开始，每周有多少课时？此外，我希望一个班的学生不要太多，我还想知道我要付多少钱是否包括住宿，是否有寄宿家庭或大学宿舍？希望早日得到你的答复。
—高考英语阅读理解 专题一————广告类答案教学提纲
2012—2017年阅读理解专题一广告信息类答案Passage 1本文主要介绍了在过去的一百年里四名杰出的女性以及她们对社会所做出的贡献与影响。
21.A 细节理解题。
根据Jane Addams(1860—1935)部分的"Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need"可知, Jane Addams因她的社会福利工作而出名。
故选A。
22.C 细节理解题。
根据Sandra Day O'Connor(1930—present)部分的"When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman"可知，她不能在律师事务所工作的原因是女性会受到性别歧视。
故选C。
23.D 细节理解题。
根据Rosa Parks(1913—2005)部分的"It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement"可知，她的举动最终推动了民权运动。
故选D。
24.C 推理判断题。
Jane Addams是社会福利工作的带头人；Rachel Carson是环境运动的发起者；Sandra Day O'Connor是反对性别歧视的领头人；Rosa Parks是民权运动的推动者。
五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题04 科普知识与现代技术- Word版含解析
专题04科普知识与现代技术“科普知识与现代科技”是高中新课程标准话题之一。
该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。
科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如电视、电脑、手机、MP3、火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船……好多好多，几天几夜都说不完。
总之生活离不开科技，科技在为生活服务。
点点滴滴，时时事事，科技无处不在。
【高考探究】“科普知识与现代科技”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。
【典例剖析】（2017年·新课标卷II）Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle —named the Transition – has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than thosefor pilots of larger planes. Terrafugiasays an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The basic data of the Transition.B. The advantages of flying cars.C. The potential market for flying cars.C. The designers of the Transition.29. Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A. It causers traffic jams.B. It is difficult to operate.C. It is very expensive.D. It burns too much fuel.30. What is the govern ment’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A. CautiousB. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Disapproving.31. What is the best title for the text?A. Flying Car at Auto ShowB. The Transition’s First FlightC. Pilots’ Dream Coming TrueD. Flying Car Closer to Reality【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。
专题15热点话题-五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练(Word版含解析)
专题15 热点话题“热点话题”是高中新课程标准24话题之一，亦是高考英语热点话题。
本话题主要包括全球变暖、节约能源、环境保护、交通问题、人口问题等。
通过本话题的学习和高考的考查，帮助学生学习有关气候、能源和环保的有关知识，树立“节约能源，保护环境”的主人翁意识。
“热点话题”在高考英语当中通常以阅读理解、完形填空、七选五或书面表达的形式出现，例如：2018年北京卷阅读理解C、D篇，2018年江苏卷阅读理解C篇，2018年浙江卷B、C篇，2018年天津卷阅读理解A篇；2017年新课标卷II阅读理解C篇；2017年北京卷阅读理解B篇，江苏卷阅读理解D篇；2016年北京卷阅读理解B篇、2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇等。
Passage 1（2018年·新课标II卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间议论文放下手机，与人沟通330 ★★☆☆☆5分钟We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward an d challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small tal k as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’teven exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with smalltalk,＂ he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。