计算机专业英语复习资料整理
计算机专业英语复习资料
Central Processing Unit 中央处理器Memory 内存Random-Access Memory 随机存储器Read-Only Memory 只读存储器Monitor 监视器keyboard 键盘Mouse 鼠标Hard disk 硬盘Operating system 操作系统Memory management 内存管理Device management 设备管理Storage management 存储管理Application Interface 应用程序接口Processor management 处理器User Interface 用户界面Data structure 数据结构Tree 树Nodes 节点Root nodes 根节点Leaf nodes 叶节点Identifiers 标识符Name Space 名空间Global Variables 全局变量Database 数据库Relational Database 关系数据库Stuctured Query Language 结构化查询语言Database Management system 数据库管理系统Distributed Database 分布式数据库Software Engineering 软件工程Requirement Analysis 需求分析Software Design 软件设计C was developed in the early 1970s, and it has grown into a very popular language now. C might be described as a "medium level language",Like a true high level language,there is a one-to-many relationship between a C statement and the machine language instruction it is compiled into. Thus a language like C gives you far more programing leverage than a low level assembly language.However, compared to most high level languange ,C has a very small set of constructs. In addition unlike most high level language ,C let you easily do chorse (such as bit and pointer manipulation) additionally performed by assembly languages, Therefore ,C is an especially good tool to use for developing operating system( such as the UNIX operating system),or other system software.翻译：C语言的开发始于20世纪70年代初期，现在已经成为非常流行的语言，C语言也许最适合被描述成为“中级语言”，。
计算机专业外语考试重点
一、汉语词汇翻译成英语1.分布式系统：Distributed NetWork Operating System2.命中率：hit rate3.管程：monitor process4.互斥：mutual exclusion（排斥）5.临界区：critical region6.宽度优先搜索：breadth（宽度）first search7.容错：fault tolerance8.嵌入式系统：embedded system9.人机交互：Human—Computer Interaction10.约束满足：constrain satisfaction11.搜索引擎：search engine12.代理网关：proxy gateway13.关系代数：relational algebra14.死锁检测：deadlock detection15.分型压缩：fractal compression16.地址解析协议：Address Resolution Protocol18.素数定理：prime number theorem19.关系演算：relational calculus20.关系型数据库：relational database21.布尔搜索：Boolean search其他正则表达式：regular expression视频图形阵列：Extended Video Graphics Array并行端口：parallel port视频随机访问存储器：video random access memory 扩展的存储器管理程序：expanded memory manager 数据处理：data processing分布式存储器：distributed memory指令集：instruction set离散的余弦变换：discrete cosine transform网络透明度：network transparency质量保证：Quality Assurance上确界：least upper bound下确界：greatest lower bound二、把英语词汇翻译成汉语1.Portability可移植性2.hash coding 哈希编码3.disk duplexing:磁盘双工4.expansion slot：扩展槽5.touch screen：触摸屏6.page fault：缺页7.virtual reality：虚拟现实8.Electronic commerce：电子商务9.instruction prefetch:指令预取10.space complexity：空间复杂度11.pattern recognition：模式识别12.Data warehouse：数据仓库13.eigenvalue:特征值14.course ware:课件15.pattern match：模式匹配16.course ware:课件17.collision detection:冲突检测18.ontology:本体19.cross-platform:跨平台20.eigenvector:特征向量21.disk mirroring磁盘镜像其他的：intranet：企业内部互联网granularity:粒度parallelism：并行redundancy：冗余algebraic：代数的embedding：嵌入semantics :语义学1.portability可移植性2.hash coding哈希编码3.disk mirroring 磁盘镜像4.expansion slot扩展插槽5.touch screen触摸屏6.Page fault页面错误7.virtual reality虚拟现实8.Electronic commerce电子商务9.instruction prefetch 指令领取10.space complexity空间复杂度11.pattern match模式匹配12.Data warehouse数据仓库13.eigenvalue特征值14.course ware 课件15.collision detection冲突检测16.ontology本体工程学17.cross-platform跨平台三、写出英文缩写并且翻译成汉语1.GUI：Graphical User Interface 图形用户接口2.RISC：Reduced Instruction-Set Computer 精简指令集计算机3.BLOB：Binary Large Object 二进制大对象4.AI：Artificial Intelligence 人工智能5.CAD：Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计6.DSS：Decision Support Systems 决策支持系统B：Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线8.HTML：Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标记语言9.DOS：Disk Operating System 磁盘操作系统10.MVS：Multiple Virtual Storage 多虚拟器存储11.EDF：Earliest Deadline First 最早截止时间优先12.VGA：(Extended)Video Graphics Array 视频图形阵列13.CAE：Computer Aided Engineering 计算机辅助工程14.CAI：Computer Aided Instruction 计算机辅助教学15.ERP：Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源规划16.JVM：Java Virtual Machine Java虚拟器GUI Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer，精简指令集计算机BLOB Binary Large Object二进制大对象AI Artificial Intelligence人工智能CAD Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计DSS Decision Support System决策支持系统USB Universal Serial BUS通用串行总线HTML Hyper Text Mark-up Language超文本标记语言四、用英语回答问题（35分）1.What is the common structure of a presentation？And which parts are important and must be explained clearly？Title of the presentation/name and affiliation of the author, Outline, Why/What you want to do, Prior art/related work/what's new, How to do, Results,Evaluation：contribution/advantages/limitations,Application/recommendations, Conclusion/future work. What'new, how to do and result are important and must be explained clearly.2.What is the clear structure of a scientific paper？Which sections do you need to address in detai？A scientific paper contains 8 parts: Keywords, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Reuslt, Discuction, Conclusion/future work,ReferenceIntroduction, method and result must be addressed in detai3.What is the common structure of a thesis？What should be declared on cover page？A thesis generally consists of the cover page, abstract, acknowledgements, table of contents, list of Figures/Tables, chapters, list of publications and bibliography（参考文献，图书目录）.The cover page includes the title of your thesis, your research direction, your name and affiliation and the submitting time of your thesis.4.What kinds of documents are generally necessary to apply for a visa?The required documents vary with countries,but generally the following are necessary:①visa application forms with two photographs②your passport③The certificate（证明书;执照）of flightreservation and hotel reservation④Thebalance certificate of your personal bank account⑤Confirmation of your status and affiliation⑥Official invitation letter from the conference organizing committee⑦Visa application fee5.Before submitting your paper to an international journal/transctaion, what information should you get?And where can you find that?Before submitting your paper to an international journal/transaction（办理,处置，交易）, you should be familiar with the submission guideline for the appropriate publication. The guideline information can generally be found through selecting the link in the author resources section of the web page porvided by the journal.Read carefully the aim,scope,policy and submission procedure of the journal.Then click on the submit manuscript icon and submit your paper step by step according to the textual prompt.6.What search sites do you often use? Do you know any popular database of research? Omit, Google and YahooEngineering Village are the popular database for research.It is a Web-based information service that offers a wide range of quality resource for information specialists,professionals and ect.engineering fields including Compendex and Inspec.Both of them are bibliographic database.7.What should you consider of when you select a research subject?①Follow your interest②Attend to new Theory or Technology③Think Independently ④Search literature Extensively⑤Interdisciplinary（跨学科的）Research Provides New Opportunity。
计算机专业英语复习资料
计算机专业英语复习资料计算机专业英语复习资料1、that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system;(p1) 处理器是计算机智能系统2、In 1965,when he first set out what we now call Moore’s Law,Gordon Moore said the number of components that could be packed onto an integrated circuit would double every year or so(later amended to18 months). (P17)在1965年，⼽登穆尔说，可以将很多的零部件装载在⼀个集成电路元件中，这样的话就可以每年都翻倍，这也就是他第⼀次提出摩尔定律（后来修订为18个⽉）3-43、This multicore processor plugs directly into a single socket on the motherboard. (P18)这种多内核处理器直接插⼊主板上的⼀个单⼀的插座。
4、Multicore processors are especially well suited to tasks that have operations that can be divided up into separate thread and run in parallel. (P18)多核处理器特别适合那些可以分成单线程和并⾏运⾏的任务操作。
5、640*480 means that the screen consists of 640 columns by 480 rows of pixels. (P36)640×480表⽰屏幕由640列480⾏的像素组成。
6-76、However, they also are bulky, fragile, and consume a great deal of power. (p37)然⽽，他们也都是笨重的，脆弱的，并且消耗⼤量的电⼒。
计算机英语复习重点
Hardware硬件、software软件、general-purpose machine通用计算机、special-purpose machine专用计算机、instruction指令、input\output输入输出、central processing unit(CPU)中央处理器、bus总线、personal computer个人计算机、operating system操作系统、Digital Video Disk(DVD)数字视盘、Compact Disk Read-Only Memory(CD-ROM)光盘只读存储器、audio声频、peripheral外围设备、operation操作码指令、operand操作数、register寄存器、control unit控制部件、arithmetic and logic unit(ALU)算术逻辑单元、word size字长、cache高速缓冲存储器、chip芯片、Random Access Memory（RAM)随机存储器、Read Only Memory （ROM)只读存储器、floppy disk软磁盘、volatile易失性、job management作业管理、job queue作业队列、batch system批处理系统、time-shared operating分时操作系统、multiprogramming多道程序设计、Dynamic Link Library（DLL)动态链接库、Encrypting File System(EFS)加密文件系统、stack堆栈、desktop桌面、definition分辨率、menu slide菜单滑块、taskbar任务栏、virus病毒、animation 动画、folder文件夹、favorite收藏夹、terminal终端、kernel内核、system call 系统调用、interpreter解释程序、shell命令解释程序、application suite应用程序集、word processor字处理程序、configuration配置、peripheral device外围设备、USB(Universal Serial Bus）通用串行总线、toolbar工具条、control panel控制面板、standby mode待机模式、GUI(Graphical User Interface）图形用户界面、icon 图标、dialog box对话框、removable hard disk可移动硬盘、zip disk大容量磁盘、network architecture网络体系结构、Open System Interconnection/Reference Model （OSI/RM)开放系统互连参考模型、client-server客户服务器、peer-to-peer对等、switch交换机、star topology星型拓扑、Ethernet以太网、UTP(Unshielded Twisted Pair）非屏蔽双绞线、coaxial cable同轴电缆、NIC(Network Interface Card）网络接口卡、WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network）无限局域网、route路由、ARPAnet 阿帕网、WWW（world wide web）万维网、browser浏览器、search engine搜索引擎、search criteria搜索条件、electronic mail电子邮件、SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）简单邮件传送协议、POP(Post Office Protocol）邮局协议、FTP(File Transfer Protocol）文件传送协议、Telnet(Telecommunication network)远程通信网、TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol）传输控制协议/互联网协议、HTTP（hypertext transfer protocol）超文本传送协议、URL（uniform resource locator）统一资源定位地址、video chip视频剪辑、tree topology树形拓扑、ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line）非对称数字用户线、hyperlink超级链接、package程序包、shareware共享软件、HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language）超文本标记语音、transaction实物、assembler汇编程序、selection structure选择结构、loop structure循环结构、form表单、Intranet因特内部网、OOP（Object-Oriented Programming)面向对象程序设计、release软件发布、life cycle生命周期、requirement analysis需求分析、feasibility可行性、flowchart流程图、algorithm算法、data structure数据结构、debugging调试、database record 数据库记录、database management system（DBMS)数据库管理系统、relational database关系数据库、field字段、script脚本、dynamic/static web page动态/静态web网页、API(Application Program Interface）应用程序接口、spreadsheet电子表格、presentation演示、Portable Document Format（PDF)可移植的文档格式、temple 模版、computer graphics（CG)计算机图形学、render渲染、three-dimensional computer graphics三维计算机图形、image图像、image processing图像处理、brightness亮度、contrast对比度、pixel像素、extension扩展名、CAD(computer-aided design）计算机辅助设计。
计算机专业英语期末考复习资料
英语翻译成汉语：1、In order to solve a computational problem, its solution must be specified in terms of a sequence of computational steps, each of which may be performed by a human or a digital computer．If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to program．The task of developing programs for the soultion of computational problems is referred to as programming．Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of steps for a computer to follow．In general，this process will help us resolve a problem，which is either too tedious (冗长的) or difficult to work out otherwise．So programming is breaking a task down into small steps．译：为解决计算问题，其解决方案必须被指定在一个计算步骤的序列，每一个可能由一个人或一个数字计算机。
如果你想解决计算问题的计算机，你应该学会如何计划。
制定发展任务的计划称为编程。
计算机编程的过程中规划和创建一个序列的计算机执行步骤。
一般来说，这个过程将帮助我们解决一个问题，是太冗长的或难以解决的方式。
计算机专业常用英语
10. local a. 局部；本地[机]
localhost 本(主)机
比较 remote a. 远程 remote access 远程访问 remote communications 远程通信 remote terminal 远程终端
11. ring network 环形网络 ring topology 环形拓扑
4
比较 model 模型 module 模块 modulo 模(运算)
11. opcode 操作码( operation code ) 12. decode v. 译码
decoder 译码器，解码器，翻译程序
5
2.2 Microprocessor And Microcomputer
1. integrated circuit 集成电路
8. library (程序)库，库
16
9. single threading 单线程处理方式
Within a program, the running of a single process at a time. 在程序中，一次运行一个进程的方式。
single-precision 单精度 single-user computer 单用户计算机 thread 线程；线索 threaded tree 线索树 threading 线程技术
11
16. idle a. 空闲，等待
Operational but not in use. 用来说明处在可操作状态但不在使用。 idle state 空闲状态
12
18. launch v. 启动，激活 19. prototyping 原型法 20. project n. 投影运算 21. workstation 工作站
计算机专业英语复习资料
阅读理解一、Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。
）1．A programming language, designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers, is a _____ notation _____ for describing computation in readable form. There are 3 levels of programming languages, they are____ machine language__ , which can be run directly by computer; __assembly language___ and _high-level language___. There are different high-level programming languages. Fortunately, most of them have many kinds of construct in common and vary only in the way that these must be __written ___ . Therefore, first thing to be decided about a task is to choose which programming language is best suited for the job.2．The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. It is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. The CPU comprisesthe control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU) . The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions — that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons.3．Microsoft Word XP is the current Window version of Word, and documents created in Word XP can be easily _ incorporated into Excel, Power Point and Access files. In the interface of Word, the _ title bar __ displays the name of the current application and name of the current document; the __ menu bar lists the names of the menus available; the ___ toolbar gives the user quick access to frequently used editing functions; the __ ruler enables the user to change left and right margin. 4．Software Engineering, which means the application of engineering to software, is a method to develop, operate and __ maintain _ software. That is, the development of software is on a systematic, __ disciplined ____, quantitive basis. Before starting the development of software, you have to systematically approach the problem. You have to understand the __ requirements (what the software is supposed to do), carry out the design, do the __coding ___, carry out a rigorous testing and if the software is as per the requirements, release the software to the customer. Subsequently, if the customer wants二．根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误（1）．The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. Among other things, its configuration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation to other computers. The CPU is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next, the physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have increased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in microcomputers that are small enough to fit on your desk or your lap.The CPU comprises the control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU).The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. It determines the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit, as well as the control signals between the CPU and input/output devices.The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions — that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons. These comparisons, which are basically ―less than‖, ―greater than‖, and ―equal to‖, can be combined into several common expressions, such as ―greater than or equal to‖. The objective of most instructions that use comparisons is to determine which instruction should be executed next.Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）1.With the development of computer, the physical size of the CPU has often become bigger and bigger.( F)2.The movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU as well as the control signal between the CPU andinput /output devices are controlled by the control unit of the CPU.( T)3.The CPU comprises the control unit and memory. ( F )4.The control unit performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions。
计算机英语复习资料
计算机英语（1）Desktop PatternIn the graphical user interface of Microsoft Windows 98,a graphical pattern-called wallpaper-displayed on the desktop (the background "beneath" windows, icons, and dialog boxes). The pattern or picture in the screen background that can be chosen by the user. To change the desktop pattern, choose Display from the Control Panel.桌面图案在Microsoft Windows 98的图形用户界面中,一种显示在桌面上称为壁纸(Wallpaper )的图形图案(窗口、图标和对话框后面的背景),屏幕背景可由用户选择图案样式或画面。
要改变桌面图案时,从控制面板上选择显示方式。
计算机英语（2）Federated DatabaseIn scientific networking ,a collaborative database (part of a collaborator) in which scientists pool their knowledge and discoveries .Federated databases are one proposed solution to the Grand Challenges——problems that are so complex that they far outstrip the capabilities of individual scientists ,or even individual research institutions ,to tackle them independently.联合式数据库在科学联网中,科学家们汇集其知识和发现的一种合作数据库(合作的一部分)。
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英译汉汉译英翻译&简答1）The motherboard is the communications web for the entire computer system.译:主板是整个计算机系统的沟通网。
2）The central processing unit (CPU) is the “brain” of the computer.译:中央处理单元，即CPU，是计算机的“大脑”3）CPU consists of two function al units: the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit.译:CPU有两个功能单元：控制单元和算术-逻辑单元。
4）A computer is a fast and accurate system that is organized to accept, store and process data, and produce results under the direction of a stored program.5）译:计算机是快速而精准的系统，它用来接收、存储和处理数据，并在已存储的程序的指引下输出结果。
6）When people use the term “memory” in reference to computers, they are almost always referring to the computer’s main memory (or primary memory) called random access memory or RAM, which is comprised of chips attached to the motherboard.译:当人们谈及计算机用到“内存”这个术语时，他们几乎总是在指被称为随机存储器RAM的计算机的主存储器，它是由固定在主板上的芯片构成的。
7）RAM holds the program and data that the CPU is presently processing.译:RAM存储计算机正在加工的程序和数据。
8）How many categories can computer hardware be divided into?答:Computer hardware can be divided into four categories: CPU, storage devices, input devices and output devices.译:计算机硬件可以分为四个部分：中央处理器、存储设备、输入和输出设备。
9）Do you know the main types of memory? What are they?答:There are three well-known types of memory chips: random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS).译:有三类众所周知的内存条：随机存取存储器（RAM）、只读存储器（ROM）和互补金属-氧化半导体（CMOS）。
1）There are three types of language translators: assembler, compiler and interpreter.译:语言翻译器有三种：汇编程序，编译程序和解释程序。
2）The main function s of operating systems: job management, memory management and device management.译:操作系统的主要功能：工作管理、内存管理和设备管理。
3）What is software? How many kinds is it divided into?答:①A computer must be supplied with instructions so that it knows how to perform tasks. These instructions are called software.②Computer software can generally be divided into basic kinds: system software and applicationsoftware.②译:计算机软件通常被分为两类：系统软件和应用软件。
4）Do you know the main kinds of system software? What are they?答:System software is made up of four kinds of programs: operating system, utilities, device drivers and language translators.译:系统软件分为四类：操作系统，实用程序，设备驱动程序和语言翻译器。
5）How many types of paragraph alignment? Please list them.答:There are five types of paragraph alignment: justified, centered, left, right and distributed.译:段落对齐有五种类型：两端对齐、居中、左对齐、右对齐和分散对齐。
6）In a worksheet, if we want to change data into charts, what function should we use?答:Use Chart Wizard.1）Traditionally, computer programming languages are divided into four levels, which are as follows: machine language, assembly language, high-level languages, and object-oriented programming languages.译:传统上将计算机程序设计语言划分为4个级别，它们是：机器语言、汇编语言、高级语言、面向对象的程序设计语言。
2）So we can say machine language is the language made up of binary-coded instructions that is used directly by the computer.译:所以，我们可以说，机器语言是一种由二进制代码指令所组成的，由计算机直接使用的语言。
3）What language is the only language that a computer can identify and carry out directly?答:Machine is the only language that a computer can identify and carry out directly.4）What are the characteristics of Java?答:Java has the following features: simple, object-oriented, distributed, interpreted, robust, secure, portable, platform-independent, and multithreading.译:Java具有如下特征：简单性、面向对象、分布式、解释性、健壮、安全性、可移植性、平台无关性、多线程。
1）The relational data model represents all data in the database as simple two-dimensional tables called relations.译:关系数据模型用一种称之为关系的简单的二维表来表示数据库中的所有数据。
2）By data manipulation, we mean:The retrieval of information stored in the database.The insertion of new information into the database.The deletion of information from the database.The modification of information stored in the database.译:数据操纵的意思是指：对存储在数据库中的信息进行检索。
向数据库中插入新的信息。
从数据库中删除数据。
修改数据库中存储的信息。
3）Examples of Web Databases in Use: Information retrieval, E-Commerce and E-Business, Dynamic W eb page.译:网络数据库使用示例：获取信息、电子商务、动态网页。
4）The “dynamic” word is used with Web sites to refer to custom results individualized to each user in contrast to the static Web pages that do not change.译:“动态”这个词与网站用在一起是指每个用户所得到的网页是个性化的，而不是一成不变的静态网页。
5）What can a database simply be defined as?答:A database can simply be defined as a structured set of data.译:数据库可以简单界定为一个结构化的数据集。
1）It means that computer information can be represented through audio, graphics, images, video and animation to traditional media (i.e. texts, drawings, etc.).译:这意味着计算机信息可以通过传统媒体（文本、图画等）以外的音频、图像、影像、视频和动画等形式表现出来。
2）Multimedia in education & training: Multimedia in business, Multimedia in entertainment, Multimedia in public places.译:多媒体应用:教育培训中的多媒体、商业中的多媒体、娱乐中的多媒体、公共场所的多媒体3）Literally, the word “multimedia” is derived from the combination of “multi” and “media” whose care is the media.译：就字面意义而言，“多媒体”这个词来自“multi”和“media”的合成，其核心是媒体。