初中被动语态讲解及练习

被动语态

一、概念：

语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。

二、主动句变为被动句的步骤：

1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语

2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。

3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。

4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。

三、被动语态的用法：

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词

We clean our classroom every day.

My mother asks me to study hard.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

A new shop was built last year.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

This book has been translated into many languages.

Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

A new hospital will be built in our city.

Many more trees will be planted next year.

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

The door may be locked inside.

Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

There are two books to be read.

There are twenty more trees to be planted.

3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词

不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动

语态时，须加上to 。例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。使用直接宾语(物)作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

He gave me a book.

→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.

→A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike.

→A new bike was bought for me by my father.

5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.

不用被动语态的情况

1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：

appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand

break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

如：After the fire, very little remained of my house.

比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

(错)The price has been risen.

(对) The price has risen.

(错) The accident was happened last week.

(对) The accident happened last week.

(错) The price has raised.

(对) The price has been raised.

(错) Please seat.

(对) Please be seated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch，agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

如：This key just fits the lock.

被动语态练习

一、选择题

( )1._____a new library_____in our school last year? A.Is;built B.Was;bulit C.Does;

build D.Did;build

( )2.An accident____on this road last week.

A.has been happened

B.was happened

C.is happened

D.happened

( )3.Cotton____in the southeast of China.

A.is grown

B.are grown

C.grows

D.grow

( )4.So far,the moon____by man already.

A.is visited

B.will be visited

C.has been visited

D.was visited

( )5.A talk on Chinese history_____in the school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives

( )6.How many trees____this year? A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.

planted

( )7.A lot of things____by people to save the little girl now. A.are doing B.are being done

C.has been done

D.will be done

( )8.Neither of them______in China.

A.is made

B.are made

C.were made

D.made

( )9.Look!A nice picture____for our teacher.

A.is drawing

B.is being drawn

C.has been drawn

D.draws

( )10.Your shoes____.You need a new pair.

A.wear out

B.worn out

C.are worn out

D.is worn