虚拟条件句的倒装
倒装和反义疑问句
• 当陈述句中的主语为anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, these, those等时，反意疑问 句中的主语用they • 例如：Everyone knows the answer, don’t they? • Nobody says a word about the incident, do they?
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当陈述句谓语部分含有used to时，疑问部分可用didn’t, usedn’t或usen’t 例如：He used to get up early, usedn’t/ usen’t he? He used to get up early, didn’t he? There used to be a peach tree in the garden, wasn’t there?
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so can we和so he is:如果前面句子中所说的情况 也适合后面的句子，后面的句子常用so（肯定 句），nor, either等（否定句）引导倒装句。并 用do代替实义动词。但如果是表示对前面句子 内容的同意或肯定，则不能用倒装句。 例如：You can’t do it, nor can I. He is a good student, so he is. 从句中关系代词或关系副词的倒装。 例如：However fast he may run, he will never catch up with Jim.
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英语中有的让步状语从句可用as, though等引起的倒装结 构表示，其结构一般为“形容词（副词，分词）+as (though) +主语 +谓语”。 例如：Young as she is, she has seen much of the world. Strange though it may appear, it is true. 为加强语气，“so (such)…that”结构中的so或such位于句 首时用倒装；to such a degree (/an extent), to such lengths 等介词短语位于句首时也要用倒装。 例如：So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal. To such lengths did he speak that everyone got bored. 他
语法：虚拟语气和倒装句
虚拟语气虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达：1.非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人的主观愿望。
2.强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告等意思，表示强烈地要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。
虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而起一般有明显的标志。
难点释疑一、If型If条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：特别值得注意的是，这种虚拟语气的形式存在交叉虚拟，即如果从句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致(例如：从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在)，谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。
例如：If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now.要是彼得申请了那职位，他很可能现在就得到了。
If he had left for Shanghai yesterday, he would get there now.如果他昨天动身去上海的话，他现在已经到那里了。
二、Wish型1.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：与过去事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用did与将来事实相反wish that 从句的谓语动词用would/could do例如：I wish they would change the menu.他们要是改变一下菜单就好了。
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.我要是没花那么多的钱就好了。
同样地，在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气句子中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。
2.由if only 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反if only 谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反if only 谓语动词用did例如：If only she had asked someone’s advice! 她要是征求了别人的意见就好了！3.由as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气与过去事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用had done与现在事实相反as if/as though谓语动词用did例如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的。
含有虚拟语气的倒装句
含有虚拟语气条件句的倒装句（要点精讲）在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should 这三个词时，可省去if，将这些词移至主语之前。
如：Had we got here earlier, we would have caught the train.=If we had got here earlier, we would have caught the train. 如果我们能早一点到那里，我们就能赶上火车了。
Had I time, I would go and help you.= If I had time, I would go and help you. 如果我有时间，我会去帮你的。
Were I you, I would go abroad.= If I were you, I would go abroad. 如果我是你，我会出国的。
Should he come, tell him to call me up.=If he should come, tell him to call me up. 如果他来，告诉他给我打电话。
（典例剖析）【例题1】_______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you beD. Might you be【答案】B【解析】该句中条件句为非真实条件句，省略if且表示与将来事实相反。
故正确答案为B。
【难度】一般【例题2】______ for the free ticket, I would not have gone to see the film.A. If it is notB. Were it notC. Had it not beenD. If they were not【答案】C【解析】该条件句中省略if, 且表达与过去事实相反。
特殊句型中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气二、 倒装虚拟句去掉if ，将had, were, should 提至句首 三、 含蓄虚拟句with/without/but for + 名词/代词， 现在：would dobut (that) + 真实句， +虚拟句 （过去：would have done ） 真实句，otherwise/or 将来：would do 四、 混合虚拟句条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致Exercises:1. Goerge is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he _____ more on its culture. (2010江苏)A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused2. Teachers recommend parents _____ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (2010福建)A. not allowB. do not allowC. mustn’t allowD. couldn’t allow3. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _____ yesterday. (2006全国)A. was happeningB. happensC. has happenedD.happened4. It’s about time we _____ to the theater.A. will goB. shall goC. are goingD. went5. If only I _____ my money and ID card.A. hadn’t lostB. haven’t lostC. didn’t loseD. don’t lose6. It is stange that he _____ so.A. would sayB. talkC. should sayD. will speak7. – It was a pity that you did not finish the whole task well.-- Given more time, I _____ much better.A. can doB. would doC. could have doneD. had done8. If he _____ my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. (2010湖南)A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow9. Had I know about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _____.(2010浙江)A.would have been savedB. had been savedC. will be savedD. was saved10. But for the help of my English teacher, I _____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. (2009福建)A. would not winB. would not have wonC. would winD. would have won11. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we _____ it without you. (2008山东)A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageD. can have managed12. They _____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. (2007山东)A.had gotB. gotC. have gotD. getWith your help, we might finish the plan earlier.Without music, the world would be a dull(枯燥的) place.But for your advice, I would have failed.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.He telephoned to tell me of your birthday, or / otherwise I would have known nothing about it.I would have help you, but I was busy then.If he had not stayed up last night, he would not be so sleepy now.If they had studied hard, they could do it more easily now.I wish I were a bird. I wish I could fly.I wish I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon.I wish it would rain tomorrow.He looks as if he were an African.He talked as if he had been to America.If only I were a rich man！If only I hadn't been so careless in the exam!I would rather we stopped now.I would rather she hadn’t done that yesterday.1.It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.2. It is strange that she (should) refuse to come to the party.3. It’s a pity that he (should) have missed the lecture.It’s high time that you went. .It’s high time that you should go.(1)We suggest that he (should) give less money to his child.(2)It is suggested that he (should) give less money to his child.(3)Our suggestion is that he (should) give less money to his child..要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成计划。
(完整版)虚拟语气倒装(讲解+练习)
虚拟语气有些条件句是可能实现的，称为真实条件句. 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿.请求，设想，等未能或不可能实现的事实，或说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况.做这类题时首先要弄清楚虚拟语气的各种句型，即由if引导的虚拟条件句，省略if的倒装形式，可跟虚拟语气的宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句的句型，以及表示祝愿或感叹的句子和由without， but for等介词引导的短语或句子.主要用法1). 主语从句，同位语从句中虚拟语气的用法.2). 宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法，尤其是wish 虚拟语气结构的用法.3). If条件句中虚拟语气的用法，应特别注意省略if的倒装结构是考试的重点.4). would rather（=wish）等结构中虚拟语气的用法.5). if only（如果。
就好了）结构中虚拟语气的用法.6). But， or， otherwise 等含蓄条件句的用法.7). It’s time (that)（早该。
）等结构中虚拟语气的用法.1. 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用(1) 虚拟语气现在时，用以表示与现在/将来事实相反的假设或现在实现可能性不大的情况.Eg. If I were a bird， I would fly to you.If it is not for their help， we shall be in a very difficult position.If it were not for their help， we should be in a very difficult position.If I had seen the film, I would…..(2) 虚拟语气过去式. 表示与过去事实完全相反的假设.Eg. If we had started earlier， we should not have missed the train.If she hadn’t been ill， she might have come.If she were not ill， she might come.◆书面语中，如果从句里含有should， had， were或其他助动词，则可将从属连词if省去，将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.Eg.Were he in your position，he’d do the same.If he Were in your position，he’d do the same.Had I had time， I would have done that yesterday.If I Had had time， I would have done that yesterday.If he Should (万一)come tomorrow， I should give him the dictionary.(3) 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用.A)在(表现了说话人的愿望)wish， suggest， order， demand， propose，command， request， recommend， require， decide， insist， desire，urge等动词的宾语从句(should:应该) + 动词原形.以及would rather /sooner that后要用“ (should:应该) + 动词原形” 来表示愿望，建议，命令，要求等;由上述动词派生或转化的名词suggestion， proposal， plan，motion， recommendation， demand， order， desire， request，requirement， insistence， advice， decision ， obligatory(义不容辞的，必须的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式.Eg. His suggestion was that we (should) go at once.Wang insisted that we go at once.B)在It is/was + 某些形容词 + that (表现了说话人的愿望)从句的句型中，that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”这些形容词有:important， necessary， essential， imperative， natural， strange，advisable， desirable， possible， probable， astonishing，surprising， desired， suggested， requested， recommended，ordered， proposed， decided， moved等.C) “ should(居然/竟然) + 动词原形(或完成形式)” 可表示惊奇，遗憾，怀疑，不满等.ⅰ. 用于expect， believe， think， suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中.Eg. I never expected that the new apartment should be so small.ⅱ. 用于“It is a pity， it is a shame， it is no wonder 等+ that”等结构后的主语从句中.Eg. It is a pity that he should be so careless.D) 在由for fear that， in case， lest 等引导的状语从句中，用“ should (万一)+ 动词原形” 表示“惟恐”的意思.Eg. He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.E) 在“ It is (about/ high ) time + that (从句)(早就应该)” 中，谓语动词常用过去式表表示虚拟语气.Eg. It is high time that Chinese people learnt English.F) 在“as if/ as though”(似乎/好像) 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词与wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.Eg. He w ork s with such enthusiasm as if he never knew fatigue. He speaks English as though he were an American.G) 在 look/sound/feel/ seem + as if / as though从句中，当表示真实情况时，用陈述语气; 否则，用虚拟语气.Eg.It seems as if they know each other. (真实情况)It seems as if they knew each other.It seems as though it were already spring. (虚拟语气)H) 用在if only（如果。
英语虚拟语气几种特殊情况的使用
外语教学与研究2021.21.混合虚拟语气此类句子的主从句谓语动词表示的动作在时间上不一致。
例如:If I had followed your advice yesterday,I would not make such a mistake now.2.含蓄虚拟条件句用without/but for/but/or/otherwise 或上下文表达。
例如:Without water,man couldn ’t live in the world.3.倒装含有were/should/had 的从句,if 可省略,were/should/had 提前。
例如:Were it not for you,I would have failed.4.主语从句的虚拟谓语用“should (可省)+v.”:(1)It is+adj+that ...常见词:important/necessary/essential/strange/surprising/natural 等。
例如:It is very important that you seize every chance to show your abilities.(2)It is+noun+that...常见词:pity/shame/surprise/wonder 等。
例如:It is a pity that she misses such a wonderful film.(3)It is+PP+that ...常见词:ordered/advised/suggested/proposed/required 等。
例如:It is suggested that parents spend more time accompanying their children.4.宾语从句的虚拟(1)insist/urge/order/command/advise/suggest/propose/recommend/demand/desire/require/request 等词后用“should+v.”。
虚拟语气15种句型
3.as if / as though后的表语或状语从句 (与wish相同)
含义 动 词 形 式
例句
现在 did / were
He looks as if he knew the little girl.
过去 Have done
It appeared as if nothing had
happened.
5.动词形式为(should)+do 的虚拟
2. It’s + adj.+that 的主语从句 (adj: necessary / essential/
important / natural / strange / possible / impossible
eg. It is important that we should attend the meeting.
• 对过去的猜测 • 肯定 must have done • 否定 can / could not have done • 可能 may / might have done
• 本应该做（实际没有做，有责备意思） • should have done • shouldn’t have done • 本来有必要作（实际没有做，不含责
desire 命令：order / command/ 坚持：insist 不管是动词还是名词，不管是主动还是被动
，不管是引导主语从句， 宾语从句， 表语 从句还是同位语从句， 都要用（should） do
5.动词形式为(should)+do 的虚拟
• My suggestion is that we should listen to his opinion first.
It is time that we stopped work and went home.
虚拟语气例句1
1. If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会协助我们的。
2. If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我假设看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。
3. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 假设我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。
4. If you should miss the chance, you would feel sorry for it. 假设你错过了这次机会，你会难过的。
5. If I knew German，I would read the paper to you.我要是懂德语，我就会给你读这篇文章。
6. If he were here，we could ask him．假设他在这里，我们会问他的。
7. If I were you, I would accept his offer.我要是你，就接受他的协助。
8. If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 假设我是一只鸟，我会飞到你身边。
9. If it were to rain(=Should it rain=Rained) tomorrow, we would not go for a picnic. 假设明天下雨的话，我们就不去野炊了。
10. If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.11. If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.12. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.假设你早来几分钟，你就会碰上他。
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16.4 虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。
但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。
如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.。