英语句子成分和句型结构
句子成分和基本句式结构
英语句子成分有八种:句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语1.主语(Subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，常位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后。
主语可由下列结构表示。
1)During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）2) We often speak English in class.（代词）3) One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）4) The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）5) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）6) Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）7) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）8) It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2. 谓语(Predicate)：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
1)简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
He practices running every morning.2) 复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。
英语句子成分及5种基本句型
提醒
下列常见“It...”句型。
(1)It is＋n./adj.to do sth.
(2)It is＋adj./n.＋for sb.to do sth. 1. 每天大声的朗读（read aloud）是很重要的。 2. 跟你聊天真是一场噩梦(nightmare)。
3. 要他讲个故事，他会很伤心。
英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构
4．1919年，（在）北京爆发了“五.四”运 动。 The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing
inቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ1919.
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英语基本句型-2主系表结构
本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以 说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词 有: 1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
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英语基本句型-1主谓结构
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的 谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
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什么可以作主语？
Shanghai is in the east of China. Tom works very hard. I bought a new book. That is a picture of our school. Who knows the answer? Three plus four is seven. The first is the best. To see is to believe. It is important to learn English. 名词
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型句子成分A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。
除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。
主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。
Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。
简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.He can speak English well.C. 表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。
常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow,come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.I’m not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。
英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲
英语五种基本结构和句子成分含义一、五种基本句型1.“主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明“某人或某物如何动作”，或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例：He often runs before breakfast.分析：”He”(主语) runs(谓语)此句型结构中的谓语动词一般为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。
2.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者说“某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例：I study English.分析：“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
此句型中的谓语动词一般为及物动词或及物动词短语。
例：He can take care of himself.3.“主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”，或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。
例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“our teacher”(主语)“taught”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例：Our teacher asks us to write a short story..分析：“our teacher”(主语)“asks”(谓语动作)“us”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to write a short story”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
英语句型结构与句子成分划分
英语句子成分与句型结构划分一、句子成分划分<1> 句子成分的分类1.Subject (主语) The sun rises in the east.2.Predicate.（谓语）We study English.3. Object（宾语）We love China.4. Predictive（表语）We are Chinese.5.Attributive/Attribute（定语）This is a difficult problem.pletement(补语) We elected him monitor.7.Adverbial（状语）He runs fast.8.Appositive（同位语）This is Miss Zou, my teacher.9.Parenthesis（插入语）To be frank, I don’t agree with you.1. 主语:主语表示句子要说明的人或事物。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
如1)The students study hard.2)He usually goes to school at 7:30.3)One and one make two.4)To tell a lie is wrong.5)Learning a foreign language takes a long time.6)Who taught you English last year?2. 谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。
谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致(1) 由动词的各种时态语态表示。
1) He goes to school every day. 2) They are swimming.3) She caught up with the others very quickly.4) This kind of machine is made in China.(2) 由“情态动词+动词原形”表示。
英语句子成分和基本句型
学习好资料欢迎下载句子成分英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式6.动名词7.主语从句等表示。
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.We often speak English in class.One-third of the students in this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.It is necessary to master a foreign language.That he isn’t at home is not true.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。
He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.Play basketball is my favorite sport.Give up English is not an option.谓语谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
英语句子成分与基本句式结构
四、表语
位于连系动词的后面，用来说明主语的身份、 特征、状态等。构成主系表结构。
例句： 1. This is an English book. 2. You look happy today. 3. They are from America. 4. I don’t feel well today.
英语句子成分和基本句型
句子成分
句子成分: 组成句子的各个部分。 主语 谓语 宾语 表语
状语 定语 补语 同位语
一、主语
句子所陈述的主体，一般位于句首，指动作 的发出者。
例句： 1. You are my friend. 2. My father is a teacher. 3. These girls like English.
第四种：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语.
例句： 1. I can make you happy. 2. They want me to sing. 3. We call him Mr. Smith. 4. The sun keeps us warm.
第五种：主语+连系动词+表语.
例句： 1. My father is happy. 2. She looks beautiful. 3. Her face turns red. 4. My dream(梦想) is to be a scientist.
五、定语
用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特 征的词。
例句： 1. This is a red car. 2. The tall boy is my friend. 3. Harbin is a beautiful city. 4. Mr. Black is a kind and interesting teacher.
英语句子成分及5种基本句型
什么可以作主语？
Shanghai is in the east of China. 名词 Tom works very hard.
I bought a new book. That is a picture of our school. Who knows the answer?
小结
谓语是句子的躯干,说明主语的动作.谓语动词随着主语的 不同而变化,随着时间的不同而变化,随着与主语的不同关 系( 主动关系和被动关系)而变化,总之,时时在变.谓语有三 种不同的形式:
1) 动词 They planted many trees on the hill . 2) 情态动词 + 动词 You must stay at home . 3) 系动词+ 表语 The report is very interesting.
We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English.
及物动词 vt
My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. 不及物动词 vi
代词
The leaves turn yellow in autumn.
形容词
The teacher was satisfied with your work.
巩固练习：
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长
In winter, the days are short and t源自e nights are long.
He brings cookies to me every day.
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一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：（一）句子成分1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出下列句中的主语：Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词）Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式）Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子）2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hillHe looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。
）：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）★（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.找出下列句中的表语。
1. I am a teacher.2. They are on the playground.3. My job is teaching English.4. It gets cold.5. It sounds interesting.4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----及物动词或介词的宾语I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出下列句子的宾语部分：1. We often help him.2. He likes to play basketball.3. We enjoy listening to the music.4. She said that he felt sick.5. They are talking about the new student.5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。
这类常用的及物动词有：We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）6.主补：对主语的补充，全称为主语补足语。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。
而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now8.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting-room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.（二）句子结构简单句的五个基本句型1.主语＋不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.2.主语＋及物动词＋宾语 She likes English.3.主语＋系动词＋表语 She is happy．4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 She gave John a book.5.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.★ There +be 句型There are some books on the desk.There lies a book on the desk.Exercises ：分析下列句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasureto talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）1、你应该努力学习 You should study hard.2、他昨天晚上很晚回家 She went home very late yesterday evening.练习：1、This box weighs five kilos. 这个盒子重五公斤。