英语句子成分和英语句子结构
英语句子成分及结构
英语句子成分及结构英语句子由多个成分构成，其中主要的成分有：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
1. 主语（Subject）：句子中的主要主体或实施者。
例如：John is a teacher.（John是主语）2. 谓语（Predicate）：句子中描述主语动作或状态的部分。
例如：John is teaching math.（is teaching math是谓语）3. 宾语（Object）：句子中接受动作的对象。
例如：She reads books.（books是宾语）4. 定语（Adjective）：句子中修饰名词或代词的部分。
例如：He is wearing a red shirt.（red修饰shirt）5. 状语（Adverb）：句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词等的部分。
例如：She runs quickly.（quickly修饰runs）例如：He became a doctor.（a doctor是补语）英语句子的结构可以分为简单句、并列句、复合句等。
1. 简单句（Simple Sentence）：由一个独立的主语和谓语构成的句子。
例如：She sings well.例如：He is tired, but he keeps working.例如：I will buy a new car when I save enough money.在复合句中，从句有三种类型：名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
- 名词性从句（Noun Clause）：在句子中担当名词的成分。
例如：What you said is true.（what you said是名词性从句）- 形容词性从句（Adjective Clause）：在句子中作定语修饰名词或代词。
例如：The book that I'm reading is very interesting.（that I'm reading是形容词性从句）- 副词性从句（Adverbial Clause）：在句子中作状语修饰动词、形容词或副词。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语（Subject）：句子中进行动作或者是被动接受动作的人或物。
例句：Tom is reading a book.（主语是Tom）2. 谓语（Predicate）：句子中所陈述的动作或状态。
例句：I am studying English. （谓语是am studying）3. 宾语（Object）：句子中被动作的对象或者是动作的影响者。
例句：She bought a new car.（宾语是a new car）4. 定语（Adjective）：修饰名词或代词的词或词组。
例句：I saw a black cat.（定语是black）5. 状语（Adverb）：修饰动词、形容词、副词，可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
例句：She sings beautifully.（状语是beautifully）例句：I am a student.（补语是a student）英语句子结构可以按照不同的组合方式分类：1. 简单句（Simple Sentence）：包含一个主语和一个谓语。
例句：She sings.（主语+谓语）例句：I like swimming, but he prefers hiking.（独立子句+连接词+独立子句）3. 并列句（Coordinative Sentence）：用连词连接两个或更多的相同层次的分句。
例句：I am tired, so I'm going to bed.（分句+连词+分句）例句：She invited me to a party, which made me happy.（主句+从句）总结起来，英语句子成分和结构的掌握对于理解和构建句子都是非常重要的。
通过对各个成分的认识和使用，可以更准确地表达自己的意思。
而了解不同的句子结构，可以帮助我们构建丰富多样的句子，提高语言表达的能力。
英语句子成分及结构
英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如I ,we, he, she, they ），数词、动词不定式，动名词等。
最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式。
主语一般在句首。
(1)名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. ‘这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
(2)代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
(3)动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语：谓语由动词构成，谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上，一般在主语之后。
（1）及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
（2）不及物动词作谓语You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。
（3）连系动词作谓语He looks worried.他看起来很担心。
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
(4) 复合谓语：①由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
英语句子成分和句子结构分析
英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法微观遣词；句法宏观造句01词法微观遣词1. 实词：有实际意义的词;名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为,动态;vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量基数词,表顺序序数词2. 虚词：没有实际意义的词;介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前,限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法宏观造句1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句,并列句,复合句6.复合句：名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句二、语法四大原则1. 词性决定词用2. 同类同用同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致3. 动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词4. 举一反三由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属；认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群;语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语,谓语,宾语,表语次体：定语,状语,补语,同位语主语：一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象;常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首;The sun名词n. rises in the east.W e代词pron. are friendsT wenty years数词num. is a short time in history.S eeing动名词 is believingT o be a teacher不定式is my dreamW hat he needs 句子is a book 主语从句I t 形式主语is time to go home真正的主语形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study实意动词 EnglishI can情态动词do itI don’t助动词knowH e is系动词asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后;I play with him代词I like china名词H ow many do you need ——we need two数词I enjoy working with you动名词I hope to see you again不定式D id you write down what he said句子U nder the snow介宾短语,there are many rocks.H e gave me间接宾语a book直接宾语 yesterday表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态,一般由名词或者形容词担任;凡是系动词be 动词,感官动词等出现的地方,后面必定带着表语He is a teacher名词Seventy-four you don’t look it代词F ive and five is ten数词H e is asleep形容词T his picture is on the wall介词短语M y watch is missing/lost 形容词化的分词T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”不定式T he question is whether they will come句子语法精讲3定语：用来修饰或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任,形容词放在名词前面;相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面;H e is a clever boyT his is an apple treeT here are ten students in our classS he is Tom’s sisterH e bought some sleeping pillsT he girl in red is his sisterW e have a lot of work to doT he girl standing under the tree is his daughterD o you know the man who spoke just now.状语：用来说明动词,形容词,副词或者整个句子的成分;常由副词担任;修饰动词可放动词前,也可放在动词后；修饰形容词或者副词时放在他们前面;动词的八个状态：时间,地点,原因,状态,目的,结果,方式,程度T he students study hardI often write to himH e wrote with a red pencilH e went to see a filmT he students went away laughingI’ll write to you as soon as I get there .补语：表示补充说明,总是跟着宾语跑I found a book lying on the floor.D o you smell something burningS he asked me to go with her.独立成分：同位语,感叹语B ruce,my English teacher,is a cool man That’s great语法精讲4简单句的5种基本结构通过一个爱情故事掌握5种简单句;1, 主语+谓语：She comes.2, 主语+系动词+表语She is lovely.3, 主语+谓语+宾语I love her.4, 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾I gave her a rose.5, 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补I made her happy. 2三大句子结构类型1, 简单句F rank and Eric are good friends.I make and have breakfast.2, 并列句I like English, but I don’t like math.I hate grammar,while he loves it.3, 复合句W hat she does is not good.T he man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.W hen you finish the work,you may go out to play with Sam.语法精讲5简单句T hat is what I want to tell you. 表语从句I t’s a question how he did it. 同位语从句T he man whom you talk with is my friend. 定语从句I f I am free,I will go shopping . 条件状语从句四种句子类型：01陈述句肯定,否定H e is six years old.S he doesn’t like English.02疑问句一般,特殊,选择,反义D o you like swimming ↑一般疑问句W hat are you doing ↓特殊疑问代词+一般疑问句=特殊疑问句I s this a pen ↑or a pencil ↓选择疑问句S he likes dancing↓,doesn’t she ↑反义疑问句;前肯后否或者前否后肯03祈使句：命令,要求,请求;一般会略去主语,动词开头B e careful , boysD on’t speak in class04感叹句：how/what 开头H ow clever the boy isW hat a nice day it is。
英语语法之句子成分及句子结构
【语法体系】1.词法冠词、名词、代词、副词、动词、介词和介词短语、连词、数词。
2.句法句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。
句子种类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句句子结构：简单句并列句a）名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句复合句：b）定语从句c）状语从句特殊句式：倒装句、强调句、省略句、there be句式主谓一致直接引语和间接引语虚拟语气【句子成分】1.主语：主语是一个句子的主体，一般位于句首。
名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等均可作主语。
e.g. Instead,a picture should try to show the “life” of itssubject.e.g. To find a best friend is difficult.2．谓语：用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，一般位于主语之后，由动词或动词短语充当，且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。
e.g. I run into the classroom.e.g. He had an apple for breakfast.3．宾语：宾语是动作的承受者，一般位于及物动词之后。
名词（短语）、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、名词化的分次、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等均可充当宾语成分。
e.g. People love to get together.e.g. I like chatting online.宾语的种类：（1）双宾语：间接宾语+直接宾语e.g. Hand me your book, please.（2）复合宾语：宾语+宾语补足语e.g. They elected him their monitor. 4．表语：表语用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
一般位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。
名词（短语）、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、分词、从句等均可作表语。
英语句子成分和句型结构
一、英语句子成分与英语句子构造讲解：〔一〕句子成分语〔subject〕: 句子说明的人或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句与短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east.〔名词〕He likes dancing. 〔代词〕Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. 〔动名词〕To see is to believe. 〔不定式〕What he needs is a book. 〔主语从句〕It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 〔It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语〕找出以下句中的主语：Jane is good at playing the piano.〔名词〕She went out in a hurry.〔代词〕Four plus four is eight.〔数词〕To see is to believe.〔不定式〕Smoking is bad for health.〔动名词〕The young should respect the old.〔名词化的形容词〕What he has said is true. 〔句子〕2.谓语〔predicate〕: 说明主语的动作、状态与特征。
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hillHe looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出以下句中的谓语〔注：只有动词才可作谓语。
〕：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.语〔predicative〕: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态与特征。
英语句子成分及结构
英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如I ,we, he, she, they ), 数词、动词不定式，动名词等。
最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式。
主语一般在句首。
(1)名词作主语English is very important.英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. ‘这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
(2)代词作主语They go to school by bus.他们乘公共汽车上学。
⑶动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no us e regretting it.后悔是无用的。
(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe.眼见为实。
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语：谓语由动词构成，谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上，一般在主语之后。
(1)及物动词作谓语We should help each other.我们应该互相帮助。
All of the students like the novel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
(2)不及物动词作谓语You’re driving too fast.你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand.老师走进教室，手里拿着书。
(3)连系动词作谓语He looks worried.他看起来很担心。
The box itself is_not so heavy.箱子本身并不重。
(4)复合谓语:①由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形，现在分词,过去分词构成。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构
英语句子成分和英语句子结构英语句子成分：句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
英语的基本成分有六种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语。
主语: 句子说明的人或事物名词【Little streams feed big rivers. 小河流入大江。
】China is believed to promise to be among the powerful country in the world.大家坚信中国有希望成为世界强国之一。
Observation is the best teacher. 观察是最好的老师。
代词【He told a joke but it fell flat. 他说了一个笑话，但没有引人发笑。
】We are never too old to learn.活到老学到老。
Who is speaking, please?数词【Three is enough. 三个就够了】Two-thirds of the workers are women.动名词【Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣】Constant dripping wears away a stone. 水滴石穿。
Learning how to learn is life's most important skill. 知道如何学习是一生中最重要的技能。
Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。
不定式【To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
】Not to advance is to go back. 不进则退。
To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动。
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 主语（subject ）:句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词） Tvventy years is a short time in history.（数词） To see is to believe ・（不定式）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主 语）谓语（predicate ）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
表语（predicative ）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Seventy-four! You don' t look it.（代词）Five and five is ten.（数词） He is asleep.（形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall.（介词短语）My v/atch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To v/ear a flower is to say " I' m poor, I can' t buy a ring.（不；卫式）The question is v/hether they vnll come.（表语从句）常见的系动词有：be, sound （听起来），look （看起来），feel （摸起来，smell （闻起来）,taste （尝、吃起来）， remain （保持，仍是）,feel （感觉）・・・宾语:1） 动作的承受者动宾I like China.（名词） He hates you.（代词） How many do you need? We need two ・（数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动需词）I hope to see you again.（不立式） Did you write dov/n v/hat he said?（宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词…介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks ・ 3） 双宾语…-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn' t come here.（名） We will make them happy.（形容词）We found nobody in.（副词）We study English.He is asleep.He likes dancing. Seeing is believing ・ What he needs is a book.（代词） （动名词） （主语从He is a teacher.（名词）It sou nds a good idea ・ Her voice sounds sweet ・ The food smells delicious. The door remains open.The sou nd sounds stra nge. Tbm looks thin. The food tastes good ・ Nov/1 feel tired.Please make yourself at home.介词短语）Don' t let him do that.（省to 不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带to 不定式）Don* t keep the lights burning・（现在分词）K U have my bike repaired.（过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。
He vzaselected monitor.She v/as found singing in the next room.He vzas advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson ・・ rr365・ 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yarding is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend.（代词）We belong to the third v/orld ・（数词） He v/as advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形 容词）The man over there is my old friend.（畐ij 词） The v/oman v/ith a baby in her arms is my sister.（介 词） The boys playing football are in Class 2・（现在分词）The trees planted last year are grov/ing well nov/.（过去分词）I have an idea to do it v/elL（不左式）You should do everything that I do.（农语从句）状语：用来修饰V., adj., adv., or 句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrov/. meetingroom ・The meat went bad because of the hot v/eather. He didn't study hard so that he failed in the exam. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.Though he is young, he can do it well.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型 主语 + 不及物动词 She came. / My head aches.主语+及物动词+宾语 She likes English. 主语+系动词+表语She is happy.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book ・ She bought a book for me.主语+宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语She nlakes her mother angry ・The teacher asked me to read the passage ・ （There +be There lies a book on the desk ・ ）Exercises分析下列句子成分1 ・ Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. shoes ・The meeting will be held in the He studies hard to learn English well. I like some of you very much ・ He goes to school by bike ・4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports6. He made 让 clear that he v/ould leave the city.9. They pushed the door open.10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.・ He v/rote carefully some letters to his friends.12. V/e need a place twice larger than this one.15. Don't get nervous .help yourself to what you like ・ 16. We will make our school more beautiful. 17. He didn't come ・ That is v/hy he didn't know. 18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life ・20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of tov/n ・ 21 ・ The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him. 23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month. 24. Go back where you came from ・ 25. We must do whatever the people want us todo.28 Mary handed her homev/ork to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?30. I'll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻译练习:3那天早上我们谈了很多。
4会议将持续两个小时。
5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。
7 1919年，在北京爆发了 “五•四”运动。
主谓结构（主语+不及物动词）1你应当努力学习。
2她昨天回家很晚。
5. He broke a piece of glass. 7.-I love you more than her, child ・& Tees turn green v/hen spring comes. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.26. At last he got home, tired and hungry.27. V/ould you please pass me the cup?8每天八时开始上课。