英语句子成分及结构专题
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解和练习试题
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. ❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语❖She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语❖She gave John a book．❖She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语❖She makes her mother angry．❖The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖（There +be There lies a book on the desk.主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代❖we-- saw --you.❖we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词❖you are beautiful❖you seems worried.❖you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
❖如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
❖如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
❖如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
❖如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
英语句子成分及结构专题讲解学习
一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence)英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。
1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。
例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语）画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式：①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.②We often speak English in class.③One-third of the students in this class are girls.④To swim in the river is a great pleasure.⑤Smoking does harm to the health.⑥The rich should help the poor.⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language.⑨That he isn’t a t home is not true.正确运用主语的各种形式2.谓语：谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。
专题 2 句子成分和结构 -2023年暑假初升高英语衔接宝典(新高一适用)
专题2句子的成分与结构知识对接接点1句子成分英语的句子成分主要有七种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
除了这七种主要成分之外，还有同位语和独立成分的说法。
其中独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有感叹语、呼语和插入语。
接点2简单句的五种基本结构1.句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种句子结构的基础。
2.五种基本句型结构如下：①S V(主＋谓)He never lies.他从不撒谎。
②S V O(主＋谓十宾)I like apples very much.我非常喜欢苹果。
③S V IO DO(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)My parents bought me a new backpack.我父母给我买了一个新书包。
④S V O OC(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)I saw a boy playing basketball.我看见一个男孩正在打篮球。
⑤S V P(主＋系＋表)The milk went sour.牛奶变味了。
注：主语(Subject)谓语(Predicate)宾语(Object)定语(Attribute)状语(Adverbial)补语(Complement)表语(Predicative)难点突破突破1主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词(如the rich)、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句等。
Tom is a clever boy.(人名作主语)拓展训练用下划线画出下列句子的主语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构1.During the1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn't at home is not true.答案:1.During the1990s,American country music has become more and more popular,(名词短语)2.We often speak English in class.(代词)3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)4.To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.(动词不定式)5.Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)6.The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(It为代词，作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式)9.That he isn't at home is not true.(主语从句)突破2谓语谓语通常由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。
英语句子结构分析成分
英语句子结构分析成分
英语句子的结构可以分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等成分。
1. 主语：句子中表达动作或状态的实施者或具有其中一种属性的人
或事物。
如：The cat caught a mouse.（猫抓住了一只老鼠。
）
2. 谓语：句子中表达动作、状态或存在的核心。
如：He is running.（他正在奔跑。
）
3. 宾语：句子中受到动作影响的人或事物。
如：She bought a book.（她买了一本书。
）
4. 定语：句子中修饰名词或代词的成分，用来描述、限定名词或代词。
如：I have a red car.（我有一辆红色的车。
）
5. 状语：句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分，用来描述、限定
动词、形容词、副词。
如：He speaks English fluently.（他流利地讲
英语。
）
6. 补语：句子中用来补充说明主语、宾语或介词宾语的成分。
如：The soup tastes delicious.（这汤味道很好。
英语句子成分及结构专题
一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence)英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。
1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。
例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语）画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式：①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.①We often speak English in class.①One-third of the students in this class are girls.①To swim in the river is a great pleasure.①Smoking does harm to the health.①The rich should help the poor.①When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.①It is necessary to master a foreign language.①That he isn’t at home is not true.正确运用主语的各种形式2.谓语：谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。
英语句子成分和句子结构分析
英语句子成分和句子结构分析Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法（微观遣词）；句法（宏观造句）01词法（微观遣词）1.实词：有实际意义的词。
名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为，动态。
vi.不及物动词，本身可以表达完整意义，后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词，本身无法表达完整意义，后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量（基数词），表顺序（序数词）2.虚词：没有实际意义的词。
介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前，限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法（宏观造句）1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句，并列句，复合句6.复合句：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句二、语法四大原则1.词性决定词用2.同类同用同种类型的词，用法相同，越细分，越一致3.动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语，谓语部分最重要的就是动词4.举一反三由表及里，发掘句子结构，归属；认识句子本质，由点及面，放大到句群。
语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语，谓语，宾语，表语次体：定语，状语，补语，同位语主语：一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象。
常由名词，代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任，一般放在句首。
The sun(名词n.) rises in the east.W e(代词pron.) are friendsT wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history.S eeing（动名词） is believingT o be a teacher(不定式)is my dreamW hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句I t（形式主语）is time to go home（真正的主语）形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English！I can（情态动词）do it!I don’t（助动词）know!H e is（系动词）asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象，常由名词，代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析（考查形式：语法填空，句子翻译，及阅读中对句子的理解）二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语；that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13 同位语14 定语句子，按结构，分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。
英语句子成分及结构专题
一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence)英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。
1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。
例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语）画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式：①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.②We often speak English in class.③One-third of the students in this class are girls.④To swim in the river is a great pleasure.⑤Smoking does harm to the health.⑥The rich should help the poor.⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language.⑨That he isn’t at home is not true.正确运用主语的各种形式2.谓语：谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
一、句子成分(M e m b e r s o f a S e n t e n c e)英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。
但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。
同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。
独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。
1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。
例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语）画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式：①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.②We often speak English in class.③One-third of the students in this class are girls.④To swim in the river is a great pleasure.⑤Smoking does harm to the health.⑥The rich should help the poor.⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language.⑨That he isn’t a t home is not true.正确运用主语的各种形式2.谓语：谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：（1）简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
例如：He practises running every morning.（动词practise作谓语）We usually listen to the music on weekends.（动词短语listen to作谓语）（2）复合谓语：①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.②由系动词加表语构成。
系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。
例如：We are students.Your idea sounds great.画出句子的谓语，并说明其构成方式：①My sister is crying over there.②I have been waiting for you all the time.③I would stay at home all day.正确运用主语的各种形式3.表语：表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, keep,stay, remain, seem, appear, look, smell, sound, feel, taste, become, get, grow, go, turn, prove等）之后。
可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④分词⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦介词短语⑧副词⑨表语从句等表示。
例如：She is very beautiful.（形容词作表语）画出句子的表语，并说明其构成方式：①Our teacher of English is an American.②Is it yours?③The weather has turned cold.④The speech is exciting.⑤Three times seven is twenty one.⑥His job is to teach English.⑦His hobby is playing football.⑧The machine must be under repair.⑨The truth is that he has never been abroad.正确运用主语的各种形式4.宾语：宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介宾结构。
可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的分词⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦宾语从句等表示。
例如：They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词作动宾）画出句子的表语，并说明其构成方式：①They planted many trees yesterday.②-- How many dictionaries do you have? --I have five.③They helped the old with their housework yesterday.④I wanted to buy a car.⑤He pretended not to see me.⑥I enjoy listening to popular music.⑦I think（that）he is fit for his office.正确运用主语的各种形式5.补语：（1）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②形容词③可作表语的副词④不定式⑥分词⑦介词短语⑧从句等表示。
例如：Disney called it Mickey Mouse.（专有名词作宾补）画出句子的表语，并说明其构成方式：①His father named him Dongming.②They painted their boat white.③Let the fresh air in.④You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.⑤We saw her entering the room.⑥We found everything in the lab in good order.⑦We will soon make our city what your city is now.⑧I want your homework done on time.正确运用主语的各种形式（2）主语补足语：对主语的补充。
含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。
例如：He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.6.定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
可以作表语的词性或语法结构有：①形容词②名词③代词④数词⑤副词⑥不定式⑦动名词⑧分词⑨介词短语⑩从句。
例如：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词作定语）在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。
例如：①形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。
例如：The next man is a scientist.（下一个）The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）②副词用作定语一般要后置。
例如：People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们) He didn’t like the man downstairs. （楼下的那个人）③介词短语作定语时要后置。
例如：The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩）The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩）④现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后置。
I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话)The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩）The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）口头翻译下列句子，用下画线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明其构成方式①The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.②The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.③We need a place twice larger than this one.④She carried a basket full of eggs.⑤It’s a book worth no more than one dollar.⑥It’s a city far from the coast.⑦He has money enough to buy a car.⑧The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑨There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.⑩Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat.⑪A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.⑫He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.⑬There are many clothes to be washed.⑭Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.⑮Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team.⑯Life here is really comfortable.⑰Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.⑱The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.⑲China is a developing country; America is a developed country.⑳He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.正确运用主语的各种形式7.状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。