英语句子成分和英语句子结构
英语句子结构和成分分析
英语句子成分和结构分析句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语主语和宾语一般是名词，谓语是动词。
拿到一个句子以后，首先找到里面的动词，即是谓语，谓语左右两边的名词分别是主语和宾语。
I saw a film yesterday.主谓宾一．主语：一般是名词A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.I don’t know if it will grow.One of them is English.To win the game is difficult.二. 谓语:一般是动词I saw a girl. I love you. You should work hard. You had better take a bus. He is a handsome boy.That is a beautiful flower. This is my book.I have a lot of things to do.五．状语：一般有介词to表示目的，in, on, under 等表示方位He is playing under the tree.（地点）Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.(时间) The house is dir ty for the reason that he didn’t clean it.(原因)He buys a gift to make her happy.（目地）If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. （条件）六.表语：系动词（be动词，感官动词和变化类动词turn，get, become）之后的都叫表语These desks are yellow.We are happy now. It sounds good.It smells nice. Tom is a handsome boy句子结构(S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语) 一．S十V主谓结构I swim.主谓They listened carefully．My homework has finished.二．S十V十O主谓宾结构I saw a film yesterday.主谓宾They found their home easily .They have taken good care of the children．三．S十V十F主系表结构（系动词）He is old.主系动表语The story sounds interesting.主系动词表语The desk feels hard He becomes a teacher．The trees turn yellow in the autumn.四．S十V十IO十DO主谓加间接宾语加直接宾语结构He gave me a book.主谓间宾直宾He brought me a pen. He offered me his seat He got me a chair五．S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构）They made the girl angry.主谓宾宾补angry是对the girl的补充说明They found her happy that day．I saw him in.I heard the glass broken just now.句子成分练习题( 一)(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC.goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨ He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB.didC. whomD. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语1.My brother hasn't done his homework.2. People all over the world speak English.3.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.4.How many new words did you learn last class?5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.7.They made him monitor of the class.8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.9.You will find it useful after you leave school.10.They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.(四) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.(五) 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.② What is your given name?③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books.② He asked her to take the boy out of school.③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes.⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?(七) 挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?句子成分练习题( 二)指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1. Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4. The nursery takes good care of our children .5. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .6. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .7. There are many film that I’d like to see.8. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?9. I have a lot of work to do .10.We can send a car over to fetch you .11.She had to work standing up .12.Seeing this ,some comrades became veryworried .13.The bus arrived ten minutes late .14.Some farmers saw something strange in thesky .15.We think it necessary that everyone shouldattend the meeting .16.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .17.It was in the library that I come today .18.He likes drawing at times when he isn’tworking .19.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock thedoor.。
讲义：句子成分及句子结构
英语语法之句子成分及句子结构一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分.句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。
即：句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语1 . 主语（subject)主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
找出句中主语The sun rises in the east. 名词Twenty years is a short time in history. 数词The poor are now living in the shelter.名词化的形容词Seeing is believing。
动名词To see is to believe. 不定式He likes dancing. 代词What he needs is a book。
句子（主从）It is necessary to master a foreign language.2谓语：：说明主语的动作、状态和特征；动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
（1）简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans.（2）复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing3宾语:动作的对象或承受者—-及物动词或介词的宾语,即动宾&介宾,常用名词或相当于名词的词(动词不定式或动名词）、代词和数词充当Show your passport，please. 名词She didn’t say anything. 代词How many do you want? - I want two. 数词I enjoy traveling. 动名词He pretended not to see me。
英语句子结构分析
指出下列句中主语的中心词
The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
There is an old man coming here.
The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
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The leaves have turned yellow.
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tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
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宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：
I like China. （名词）
句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种： 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
Please tell us a story.
My father bought a new bike for me last week.
Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
高中英语语法-句子成分和基本句子结构
句子成分和基本句子结构英语学习的四原则：全（记得要全）、熟（熟练）、精（总结精华）、活（活学活用）什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。
在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。
句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
【附着在表面上，单独存在没有意义】一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成（祁使句除外）——主语和谓语。
主语是一个句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述的是什么，谓语则用以说明主语的情况，它在人称和单复数形式上应与主语保持一致。
除了主语和谓语，句子有时还需要其他的成分，如用在系动词后表明主语性质，特征，状态或身份的表语，用在及物动后，表示行为对象或结果的宾语，修饰或限定名词或代词的定语，修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，名词化的形容词，动词不定式，动名词或从句。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不能再接对象（即宾语），这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。
句子成分和句子结构
句子成分和句子结构----认识英语句子的构成一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语、补足语、呼语和插入语等。
构成句子的主要部分是主语和谓语。
表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。
其他成分如定语、状语、同位语是句子的次要成分。
1．主语主语是谓语动作或状态的执行者，指的是“谁”或“什么事”。
常用作主语的词类有：名词（短语）、代词、数词、名词化的形容词，不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句。
George is a born leader. （名词）Nobody knew what had happened. （代词）Two of us will attend the conference tomorrow. （数词）The young are always willing to accept new things. （名词化的形容词）To go the bed early and to get up early is a good habit. （不定式短语）Losing his new MP4 made Tom very sad. （动名词短语）What we can’t get seems better than what we have. （名词性从句）2.谓语谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，说的是“做什么”或“怎么样”，谓语动词有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。
Father cooks very well.My sister has worked in the company for five years.Our school is becoming more beautiful.The World Expo is well organized.3.宾语宾语是动作的承受者，指的是“做”的内容。
英语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语、同源宾语等。
英语语法句子结构大全
【导语】在世界经济全球化及中国加⼊WTO的形势下,社会需要⼤量能够⽤英语在国际上进⾏科技、经贸、法律和⽂化等⽅⾯交流的专业⼈才。
以下是由⽆忧考精⼼收集了英语语法句⼦结构，供⼤家欣赏学习!【篇⼀】英语语法句⼦结构 句⼦的成分 1.定义：组成句⼦的各个部分叫做句⼦的成分，即：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补⾜语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句⼦的主体部分。
表语、宾语、宾语补⾜语都是谓语⾥的组成部分。
句⼦成分意义例句 主语表⽰句⼦所说的是"什么⼈"或"什么事物"，⼀般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。
Lucy is an American girl . We study in No.1 Middle School . 谓语说明主语"做什么"、"是什么"或者"怎么样"。
谓语(谓语部分⾥主要的词)⽤动词。
谓语和主语在"⼈称"和"数"两⽅⾯必须⼀致 We love China . / She is singing . Mike hopes to be a doctor . / His parents are farmers . 表语说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和连系动词⼀起构成谓语。
Her aunt is a driver . / Are you ready ? We were at home last night . 句⼦成分意义例句 宾语表⽰动词、⾏为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当，和及物动词⼀起说明主语做什么。
He often helps me . / We study English at school.( 励志天下 ) Did you see him yesterday ? 定语⽤来修饰名词或代词。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习❖简单句的五个基本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语❖2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)❖4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
英语句型结构与句子成分划分
英语句子成分与句型结构划分一、句子成分划分<1> 句子成分的分类1.Subject (主语) The sun rises in the east.2.Predicate.（谓语）We study English.3. Object（宾语）We love China.4. Predictive（表语）We are Chinese.5.Attributive/Attribute（定语）This is a difficult problem.pletement(补语) We elected him monitor.7.Adverbial（状语）He runs fast.8.Appositive（同位语）This is Miss Zou, my teacher.9.Parenthesis（插入语）To be frank, I don’t agree with you.1. 主语:主语表示句子要说明的人或事物。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
如1)The students study hard.2)He usually goes to school at 7:30.3)One and one make two.4)To tell a lie is wrong.5)Learning a foreign language takes a long time.6)Who taught you English last year?2. 谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。
谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致(1) 由动词的各种时态语态表示。
1) He goes to school every day. 2) They are swimming.3) She caught up with the others very quickly.4) This kind of machine is made in China.(2) 由“情态动词+动词原形”表示。
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）常见的系动词有:be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词)Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词She came．/ My head aches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.主语＋系动词＋表语She is happy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.（There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）Exercises分析下列句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．7. ---I love you more than her，child ．8. Tees turn green when spring comes.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful.17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．18. She showed us her many of her pictures.19. The old man lives a lonely life.20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup?28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻译练习：主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）1你应当努力学习。
2她昨天回家很晚。
3那天早上我们谈了很多。
4会议将持续两个小时。
5在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。
7 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。