医学免疫学双语试题题库汇总
《医学免疫学》习题集(题库+答案)
医学免疫学习题集(题库+答案)简介医学免疫学题库是医学免疫学课程的练习题集合，含有免疫学常用名词解释、选择题、应用题等内容。
学生可以通过此题库逐步巩固和加深关于医学免疫学的理解，提高应试和研究能力。
选择题1.以下哪个不属于人体免疫系统的主要器官？A.胸腺B.脾脏C.骨髓D.心脏正确答案：D解析：人体免疫系统的主要器官包括：胸腺、脾脏、骨髓、淋巴结和扁桃体等。
2.当机体接触到一种抗原，为了应对该抗原，机体往往会产生哪些免疫反应？A.细胞免疫反应B.体液免疫反应C.脂质免疫反应D.肝细胞免疫反应正确答案：A、B解析：当机体接触到一种抗原时，机体会产生细胞免疫反应和体液免疫反应。
细胞免疫反应由T细胞介导，体液免疫反应由B细胞介导。
3.以下关于IgE的叙述中，哪个是错误的？A.IgE在过敏性疾病中发挥作用B.IgE是一种免疫球蛋白C.IgE是一种主要介导膜炎症的细胞D.IgE存在于组织中，如皮肤和黏膜正确答案：C解析：IgE是一种免疫球蛋白，在过敏性疾病中发挥作用。
它存在于组织中，如皮肤和黏膜。
IgE的主要作用是介导体液免疫反应。
应用题4.某医院的一个科室有20名病人感染了流感病毒，医生决定对这些病人进行治疗。
根据假说，一种新的抗体疗法可以显著减少病人病情恶化和死亡的风险。
为了测试这个假说，医生选取10名病人随机使用该疗法，并有另外10名病人接受传统治疗方式。
研究人员标记了病人，以确保医生和病人都不知道他们接受了哪种治疗方式。
治疗的结果如下：治疗方式恶化情况死亡传统治疗7 4抗体疗法 1 2请回答以下问题：a.传统治疗和抗体疗法的治疗效果如何？它们之间是否有显著差异？b.如果将该抗体疗法推广应用，这种疗法有哪些可能的副作用？如何减少副作用的风险？c.在该试验中，标记病人的方法是否保证了试验的公正性？有哪些可能的限制？解析：a.从上表中可以看出，传统治疗下，恶化情况和死亡分别为7和4人，而抗体疗法下，恶化情况和死亡分别为1和2人。
微生物学与免疫学题(中英)
微生物学与免疫学题(中英)微生物学与免疫学复习题一、名词解释acquired Immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS(获得性免疫缺陷综合征,艾滋病) 由人类免疫缺陷病毒引起的传染病综合征，其特征为失去正常免疫应答，随后易感染机会性传染病和某些癌症。
acquired immunity(获得性免疫) 指特异性免疫类型，在与适当的抗原接触后或抗体从一个体转移到另一个体后产生。
active carrier(病期带菌者) 带有明显的临床病症和可能传播传染病给他人的个体。
active immunization(自动免疫接种) 通过自然接触病原体或接种疫苗诱发自动免疫。
active transport(主动运输) 溶液分子依电化学梯度跨膜的运输，这需要载体蛋白和能量的输入。
Active transport is the transport of solute molecules to higher concentrations, or against a concentration gradient, with the use of metabolic energy input.（2004A）adhesin(粘附素) 微生物表面的分子组分，参与对底物或细胞的粘附。
对特异性宿主组织的粘附通常是发病的预备阶段，而粘附素是重要的毒力因子。
Adherence is the process by which bacteria stick to the surfaces of host cells，Once bacteria have entered the body，adherence is major initial step in the infection process．The terms adherence，adhesion, and attachment are often used interchangeably(交替)．adjuvant(佐剂) 加入抗原以提高其免疫原性的物质，常见的例子有明矾，灭活的百日咳菌和抗原的油乳剂，或者是单独使用(弗氏不完全佐剂)，或者是与灭活的分枝杆菌一起使用(弗氏完全佐剂)。
医学免疫学资料：免疫 真题
免疫14法八真题
一、名词解释（IO）
AICD
表位【法语】
TCR-CD3
AIDS
PRR-PAMP
IV型超敏反应
MAC
细胞因子风暴【法语】免疫耐受
MHC限制性
二、填空（10）
1 .影响抗原的因素*5
2 .免疫细胞表面表达2种受体，分别什么基序？
3 .外源性抗原在内体（部位）中被降解成肽，在富含MHCIl类分子腔室（MIlC）（部位）中与MHCn类分子结合,呈递给ClWTh细胞识别。
4.B7与CD28结合为第二信号,与CTLA∙4结合抑制…
5 .淋巴组织分为？【法语】
6 .脾的白髓有中央动脉、、。
【法语】
7 .肿瘤抗原分为、、°
三、选择（15）挟在想不起
1 .abo抗原
2 .单克隆抗体
3 .以下哪个不是MHC基因编码的
4 .以下哪个不是周围淋巴组织
5 .B细胞提呈加工与哪一项无关？
6 .以下哪个没有高微静脉
7 .阴性选择的意义
8 .哪种物质的的免疫原性最强
四、大题好像有个别是法语）
1.淋巴结的光镜结构？若出生时切除胸腺，淋巴结哪些结构会受到影响？
2 .巨噬细胞在固有、适应性免疫应答中作用。
3 .Treg:免疫失能性抑制性
4 .抗移植排斥的手段。
5 .从三方面述肿瘤逃逸机制。
Enfin...
1 .冬青老师是好人。
2 .组胚部分考的不少，且法语比例大，要好好复习。
医学免疫学期末试卷及答案(英文)
SUMC Examination of Infection and Immunity (Part I) For all-English class of Grade 2011 (A)Class Number Name SUMC Examination of Infection and Immunity (Part I)For all-English class of Grade 2011 (A)Class Number NameEach question below contains four or five suggested answers or statements. Choose the best answer for each question. (1 point for each question, totally 100 points). Please answer the questions on Answer Sheet.1. What initiates the classical pathway of complement activation most efficiently?A. IgGB. Mannose-containing bacterial glycolipidsC. Microbial surfaceD. IgM-antigen immune complexE. Endotoxin2. Positive and negative selection processes in the thymus generate a T cell repertoire that is both self-restricted and self-tolerant. This means that the naive T cells which develop have a repertoire of receptors that are specific forA. Nonself antigenic peptides bound to nonself MHC moleculesB. Self antigenic peptides bound to self MHC moleculesC. Self antigenic peptides bound to nonself MHC moleculesD. Nonself antigenic peptides bound to self MHC moleculesE. Any peptide antigen bound to any MHC molecules3. Which “receptor-ligand” pair supplies the crucial second signal for activation of the naive T cell by APC in a secondary lymphoid organ?A. CD80/CD28B. MHC Class II/CD4C. MHC Class I/CD8D. MHC Class II/TCRE. ICAM-1/LFA-24. NK cell expresses a killer immunoglobulin-like receptor that recognizes:A. CD40 moleculesB. MHC Class I moleculesC. MHC Class II moleculesD. Cell adhesion moleculesE. Glycophospholipid molecules5. Antigen-antibody complexes are phagocytosed more effectively in the presence of which complement component?A. C3a and C5aB. C3bC. C5b6789 complexD. MBLE. Properdin6. A 2-year boy presented with a high fever and pain in the ears. A diagnosis of otitis media was established. The fever subsided after treatment with a non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drug. Which of the following cytokines is the most likely involved in the development of the boy’s fever?A. Interleukin-1B. Interleukin-2C. Interleukin-4D. Interleukin-10E. Interleukin-127．A 56-year-old female presents with severe jaundice to the local walk-in clinic. History and physical examination reveal blood transfusion history in her twenties. Blood tests reveal elevated AST and ALT levels and the presence of Hepatitis B, and as a result, reduced complement levels. Complement is a series of important host proteins that provide protection from invasion by foreign microorganisms. Which of the following statements best describes complement?A. Complement inhibits opsonizationB. Complement can be triggered by infectious agents in the absence of antibodyC. Complement plays a minor role in the inflammatory responseD. Complement protects the host from viral infection only through C1, C2 and C4E. Pathogens agglutinate in the presence of complement but do not lyse8. A 54-year old male patient visits a physician with complaints of fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and “swollen glands”. The physician observes that he has an oral yeast infection. An HIV ELISA test for him is positive, and flow cytometry of blood yielded a CD4:CD8 ratio <1. This ratio best represents a major decline in which of the following cell types and its associated cell surface protein?A. B lymphocytes; MHC I, IgM, B7, CD19, CD20B. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes; MHC I, TCR, CD3C. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes; MHC II, TCR, CD3, CD28D. Helper T lymphocytes; MHC I, MHC II, CD8, CD79aE. Helper T lymphocytes; MHC I, TCR, CD3, CD289.Cytotoxic T cells of an individual infected with influenza virus destroy target cellsA. from another host infected with poliovirusB. infected with the influenza virus and identical at MHC class I loci of the cytotoxic cellsC. infected with the influenza virus and identical at MHC class II loci of the cytotoxic cellsD. infected with poliovirus and identical at MHC class I loci of the cytotoxic cellsE. infected with poliovirus and identical at MHC class II loci of the cytotoxic cells10.All of the following statements about B-cell antigen-specific receptors are trueexcept:A.surface immunoglobulin synthesized by a given B-cell clone serve as the antigenreceptor for that cloneB.it is likely that different receptor isotypes have different functions on the same cellC.surface immunoglobulin is dimeric and contains only two heavy chainsD.differentiation of immunoglobulin secretion requires further interaction with Tcells of T-cell-derived lymphokinesE.the surface form of the heavy chain of Ig is larger than the secreted form of heavychains of IgG, IgD, or IgA11. The innate immune defense mechanisms constitute the following EXCEPTA.Neutralization of pathogens by natural antibodiesB.I nflammation occurring in early induced innate response within first 4h ofinfectionC.Acute phase response followed by complement activation and phagocytosisD.Inflammation, complement activation, and phagocytosisE.Extracellular and intracellular killing by neutrophils12. Which is NOT a feature of the innate immune system?A.Cytoplasmic PRRs recognize stressed cells or intracellular pathogensB.Membrane-bound PRRs recognize extracellular, not intracellular, pathogensC.Cell surface or soluble PRRs recognize extracellular pathogensD.Soluble PRRs recognize extracellular pathogens onlyE.PRRs provide perfect discrimination of self from nonself13. Cells that are phagocytic at the site of infection but are non-phagocytic APCs in the secondary lymphoid organs areA.MacrophagesB.MonocytesC.Dendritic cellsD.B cellsE.MZ B cells14. The linkage between the innate and adaptive immune responses is enabled by the following immune cells/molecules EXCEPTA.NK cellsB.iNKT cellsC.DCsD.T cellsE.natural antibodies produced by B1 cells15. Co-stimulation of T cells is enabled by the interaction betweenA.LFA-1 and its CD 28 ligand expressed on APCB.LFA-1 and its ICAM-1 ligand expressed on APCC.LFA-3 and its CD28 ligand expressed on APCD.B7 molecules and its CD28 ligand expressed on APCE.ICAM-1 and its LFA-1 ligand expressed on APC16. With regards to antigen recognition, which of the following is correct?A.The innate immune system recognizes conserved PAMPs by using variant AgreceptorsB.The innate-like immune system recognizes conserved PAMPs by using invariantAg receptorC.Both the innate and innate-like immune systems recognize conserved PAMPs byusing invariant Ag receptorsD.The adaptive immune system recognize unique molecular structures by usingvariant Ag receptorsE.The adaptive immune system recognize conserved PAMPs by using variant Agreceptors17. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.Naïve B cells can capture antigens and present them to their cognate T cells in thesite of infection.B.Naïve B cells usually capture antigens in the site of infection and present them totheir cognate T cells in the lymph nodes.C.Naïve B cells encounter their specific antigens trapped on subcapsular DCs in theprimary lymphoid follicles.D.Naïve B cells always capture antigens specifically and present them to theircognate T cells specifically.E.Naïve B cells can capture antigens specifically or non-specifically but alwayspresent them specifically to their cognate T cells.18. Immunological memory is generated in response toA.Infections with intracellular pathogensB.Infections with pathogens carrying TI antigensC.Infections with pathogens carrying TD antigensD.Repeat exposure to pathogens carrying TD antigensE.Any infection that can induce inflammation19.Contraction is the immunoregulatory process to reset the activated immune response to the resting state after clearance of the antigen. Which is achievable by thefollowings EXCEPT?petitive Ag-binding by secreted Abs and BCRB.Antibody feedback regulation via cross-linking of IgFcR and BCRC.Regulation by Treg and BregD.Down regulation of MHC-I expression in infected host cellsE.Neuroendocrine regulation via down-regulation of Ab production and cytokinesynthesis20. Immune tolerance is the mechanism to protect self from being attacked by own immune system. Among the tolerance mechanisms, which is INCORRECT?A.Positive selection in central tolerance is to eliminate self-peptide-reacting T cells.B.Receptor editing is to rescue self-MHC-reacting B and T cells.C.Peripheral anergy is induced by Ag recognition without co-stimulatory signal(e.g., CTLA-4).D.Apoptosis via Fas-FasL pathway is due to chronic Ag stimulation.E.Follicular exclusion of naïve B cells leads to apoptosis from lack of survivalsignal.21. The following molecules are encoded by MHC genes, exceptA. -2 microglobulinB. chain of HLA-IC. chain of HLA-IID. chain of HLA-IIplement C22. The key molecule for presenting exogenous antigen isA.CD1B.MHC-IC.MHC-IID.CD4E.CD823. The most important function of MHC molecules is toA.induce the graft rejectionB.induce the immune toleranceC.present protein antigens to T cellsD.restrict the interaction between immune cellsE.induce the maturation of T cells24. Which molecule(s) are expressed on the resting T cell surface?A.MHC-I moleculeB.MHC-II moleculeC.MHC-I & MHC-II moleculesD.MHC-I , MHC-II & MHC-III moleculesE.None of them25. Which structures are the antigen binding cleft for HLA-II?A.B.C. mD.E.26.Passive immunizationA. Provides long-lasting protectionB. Provides protection without hypersensitivityC. is the only way to treat humans exposed to rabiesD. provides immediate protectionE. employs sensitized T cells27. A 9-year-old male child is brought to an emergency room with a 2-day history of fever, blood in the urine, and a puffy face. He complained of a sore throat some 13 days earlier but received no medical attention. On examination, he is febrile, has periorbital and ankle edema, and slightly elevated blood pressure. Laboratory tests showed erythrocytes and granular casts in the urine, reduced glomerular filtration rate, reduced C3 level, and elevated anti-streptolysin O titer. Throat culture yielded Streptococcus pyogenes. The most likely diagnosis of this patient isA. kidney cancerB. urinary tract infectionC. scarlet feverD. infectious mononucleosisE. acute glomerulonephritis28.Which of the following contributes to the killing of phagocytosed facultative intracellular pathogens?A. rapid phagosome-lysosome fusionB. the inability of the pathogens to escape from the phagosomes into the cytoplasmic space where microbicidal systems are absentC. rapid acidification of intracellular pHD. the absence of protective layers resistant to lysosomal enzymesE. all of the above29. AnaphylotoxinsA. cause enhanced capil1ary permeabilityB. produce edemaC. induce smooth muscle contractionD. cause hypotensionE. all of the above30. Which of the following statements concerning rheumatic fever is true?A. it usually affects elderly adults aged 50 to 70 yearsB. it is a complication of β-hemolytic streptococcal infectionC. it is caused by immediate hypersensitivity to streptococciD. it occurs as a complication of viral pharyngitisE. all of the above31. A man with blood group phenotype ABA. is classified as a universal donorB. may be given blood type AB, A, or B, but not type OC. has anti-A and anti-B in his serumD. has A and B antigen in his red blood cellsE. may donate his blood to individuals with blood group phenotype O32. The development of immune complex disease depends on the ability ofA. an immune complex to form or deposit at a fixed tissue site, and then activatethe complement systemB. neutrophils to release abundant interleukin-lC. phagocytes to rapidly clear circulating immune complexD. macrophages to produce excessive hydrolytic enzymesE. T cells to release a large quantity of tissue necrosis factor33. Phagocytes of children suffering from chronic granulomatous disease are deficient inA. nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidaseB. myeloperoxidaseC. phagosome-lysosome fusionD. lysosomal enzymesE. chloride ion uptake34. The major mechanism of host resistance to tuberculosis isA. humoral antibodiesB. delayed hypersensitivityC. high level of calcium in serumD. increased microbicidal activity of activated macrophagesE. massive proliferation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes35. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxisA. measures antigen-specific IgE by intradermal injectionB. is used to determine type IV hypersensitivityC. is mediated by the C5 component of complementD. cannot be performed in atopic individualsE. can be performed with IgE that has been heated at 56°C for 30 minutes36. Arthus hypersensitivityA. occurs 2 to 4 days after antigen challengeB. is not mediated by complement-fixing IgGC. produces cell death and extensive local destructionD. cannot be manifested in the absence of high levels of IgEE. does not require the intervention of natural killer cells37. The maximal reaction time for tuberculintype hypersensitivity isA. 2 to 5 hoursB. 6 to 10 hoursC. 12 to 20 hoursD. 48 to 72 hoursE. at least 4 days38. Type II hypersensitivityA. is antibody-independentB. is complement-independentC. does not involve killer cellsD. requires immune-complex formationE. is antibody-dependent cytotoxic hypersensitivity39. Grossly elevated serum levels of IgE can be found inA. tuberculosisB. leprosyC. brucellosisD. parasitic infestationsE. Arthus hypersensitivity40. Type IV hypersensitivityA. cannot be transferred from one individual to another by serumB. runs parallel with protective immunityC. involves only TH cell types at the reaction siteD. can be divided into two types of delayed hypersensitivity reactionsE. cannot be elicited without histamine41. A macrophage ingests a virion and degrades it so that viral capsid peptides can be linked to class I HLA heavy chains and β2-microglobulin. This trimer is transported to the macrophage cell surface and displayed. Which of the following cell types has receptors that can interact with the displayed MHC-peptide complex?A. NK cellB. CD8+ lymphocyteC. Langerhans cellD. Mast cellE. Neutrophil42. In a study that examines granuloma formation in the lung in response to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,it is observed that cells within the granuloma express MHC class II antigens.These cells elaborate cytokines that promote fibroblastic production of collagen within the granuloma. These class II antigen-bearing cells are most likely derived from which of the following peripheral blood leukocytes?A. NeutrophilB. MonocyteC. B cellD. Natural killer cellE. Basophil43. Over the past week, a 35-year-old man has experienced nausea and vomiting and has become mildly icteric.On physical examination,his temperature is37.4°C. Laboratory studies show serum AST of 208 U/L and ALT of 274 U/L. Serologic findings for HBsAg (surface antigen of Hepatitis type B virus) and HBcAb (core antibody of Hepatitis type B virus) are positive. A liver biopsy specimen examined microscopically shows focal death of hepatocytes with a portal infiltrate composed mainly of lymphocytes. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism by which the liver cell injury occurs under these conditions?A. Recognition of HBsAg by the CD8 molecule of T cellsB. Recognition of an antigenic peptide presented by MHC class I molecules to natural killer cellsC. Recognition of an antigenic peptide presented by MHC class I molecule to CD8+ cellsD. Destruction of HBsAg-expressing cells by anti-HBs IgG antibodyE. Apoptosis of the liver cells by cytokines released by activated macrophages44. The figure below represents an Ouchterlony radial immunodiffusion test.The antigen in Well 1 has two different epitopes (anti-genic determinant groups), A and B; the antigen in Well 2 also has two epitopes, A and C. Well 3 contains which of the following?A. Antibody to A onlyB. Antibodies to A and BC. Antibodies to A and CD. Antibodies to B and CE. Antibodies to A, B, and C45. A 22-year-old man has had a urethral discharge for the past week. A culture of the exudate from the urethra grows Neisseria gonorrhoeae. He is treated with penicillin G, but within minutes after injection, he develops itching and erythema of the skin. This is quickly followed by severe respiratory difficulty with wheezing and stridor. Which of the following immunoglobulins has most likely become attached to the penicillin G and mast cells to produce these symptoms?A. IgAB. IgGC. IgMD. IgDE. IgE46. Agammaglobulinemias result from the absence of antibodies due to mutations ofB lymphocytes. People who lack antibodies have an increased risk forA. recurrent viral infectionsB. recurrent infections by extracellular bacteriaC. recurrent viral infections and infections caused by extracellular bacteriaD. recurrent infections by fungi and virusesE. nothing, because the immune system has redundant mechanisms that make up for the lack of antibodies47. A child who has had one previous immunization against tetanus is given the second immunization in the recommended series, three months later. In what way would you expect the immune response to the second immunization to differ most significantly from the response to the first?A. The second response will be slower, but more prolonged.B. The second response will be larger, but shorter.C. The second response will produce more antibody, but after a longer lag.D. The second response will be primarily cell-mediated, the first primarily antibody-mediated.E. The second response will produce a higher ratio of IgG to IgM.48. A formula-fed, 1-month-old boy is exposed to his sister, who has chickenpox. He does not develop signs of varicella. His mother had the infection 5 years ago. Which class of immunoglobulins did he acquire from his mother in utero that protected him from this virus?A. IgAB. IgDC. lgED. lgGE. IgM49. A 19-year-old college student develops a rash. She works part-time in a pediatric AIDS clinic. Her blood is drawn and tested for specific antibody to the chickenpox virus (varicella-zoster). Which of the following antibody classes would you expect to find if she is immune to chickenpox?A. IgAB. IgDC. IgED. IgGE. IgM50. To assess the risk of erythroblastosis fetalis occurring during the future pregnancy of an Rh-negative woman, a clinician sends a sample of serum for detection of anti Rh-blood group antibodies. The laboratory performs an indirect Coombs’ test by mixing the patient’s serum with Rh-positive RBCs and then adding an anti-IgG antibody. In doing so, the laboratory technician observes agglutination of the RBCs. After receiving this test result, the clinician would be correct to conclude which of the following?A. The Coombs’ test yielded a negative result, and therefore the mother does not have anti-Rh antibodiesB. The laboratory performed the test incorrectly; they should have mixed the patient’s serum with Rh-negative rather than Rh positive RBCsC. The patient has had previous pregnancies and all of her children are Rh-negativeD. The presence of anti-Rh antibodies in the patient’s serum suggests that she has been pregnant with an Rh-positive fetusE. The patient is currently pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus51. Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitides both possess a polysaccharide outer capsule. Effective vaccination against these species results in the generation ofantibodies that recognize this polysaccharide capsule. Which of the following best explains why the childhood vaccines for H. influenzae type B and N. meningitides serogroup C are composed of a polysaccharide coat conjugated to a protein carrier?A. The protein carrier increases the half-life of the vaccineB. The protein carrier increases the production of IgE immunoglobulins, which confer protectionC. The protein carrier is added to recruit T lymphocyte help and increase antibody productionD. The protein carrier makes the vaccine less virulent and thus decreases the risk of a child developing disease from the immunizationE. The protein carrier plays no role and is included only for ease of preparation52. A superantigen is a bacterial product thatA. binds to B7 and CD28 costimulatory moleculesB. binds to the beta chain of TCR and MHC class II molecules of APC stimulating T cell activationC. binds to the CD4+ molecule causing T cell activationD. is presented by macrophages to a larger-than-normal number of T helper CD4+ lymphocytesE. stimulates massive amounts of IgG synthesis because of its large size53. In parasitology, the term paratenic describes a host that is not necessary for the development of a particular species of parasite, but nonetheless may happen to serve to maintain the life cycle of that parasite such asA. Mammals harbor the sparganum of Spirometra masoniB. Sandflies harbor the promastigoteC. Humans infected with bladder wormD. Fish infected with metacercaria of liver flukeE. Mosquito infected with malarial gametocytes54．Transmission caused by ingestion of metacercariae in uncooked fish (Drying, smoking, salting, and pickling can not kill metacercariae), most prevalence in Asia, especially in some rural areas,fish ponds are fertilized with human feces.This description is aboutA. Schistosome epidemiologyB．Clonorchis sinensis epidemiologyC．Paragonimus westermani epidemiologyD．Fasiolopsis buski epidemiologyE．Spiromitra masoni epidemiology55. Which of the following statements about Nematode is INCORRECT?A. They are elongate, cylindrical worms, frequently attenuated at both endsB. They are dioeciousC. The male frequently smaller than the femaleD. The digestive tract is incomplete without anal openingE. Parasites of humans include intestinal and tissue-inhabiting species56. A 48-year-old Cantonese found a segment purged out from his anus and then bought it to see doctor, it is a gravid segment and stained with Indian ink and then Lab identification found there are 17 lateral branches of uterus at one side and 23 branches on the other lateral side of the uterus. Which of the following may be the cause of infection?A. Eaten pork with cysticercus cellulosaeB. Eaten measly beefC. Eaten undercooked fishD. Eaten viscera of goats with hydatid cystE. Eaten copepods with Cysticercoid57. Mutualism is the way two organisms of different species exist in a relationship inwhichA. Neither member benefitsB. One member benefits and the other is harmedC. Both members are harmedD. One member benefits but the other is not harmedE. Both members benefit58. The malegametes in malarial parasites are calledA. IsogametesB. MacrogametesC. MegagametesD. MicrogametesE. Polar gamete59. In the life cycle of malaria parasites which stage follows the oocystA. MicrogameteB. SporozoiteC. TrophozoiteD. MerozoiteE. Schizont60. The life cycle of malaria has four phases includingA. One asexual and three sexualB. Two asexual and two sexualC. One sexual and three asexualD. All sexualE. All asexual61. Fatty diarrhea associated with malabsorption syndrome is more likely caused by which of the following protozoa ?A. Entamoeba coliB. Entamoeba histolyticaC. Giardia lambliaD. Leishmania braziliensisE. Trichomonas vaginalis62.In the life cycle of pseudophyllidean tapeworms which is the stage immediately preceding the adult?A. ProcercoidB. CysticercoidC. CercariaD. Plerocercoid （sparganum）E. Cysticercus63The egg of pseudophyllidean tapeworms hatch to give aA. MiracidiumB. OnchomiracidiumC. CoracidiumD. AcanthorE. Planula64. In man, the plerocercoids of the tapeworm Spirometra mansoni cause a disease calledA. SparganosisB. CysticercosisC. HydatidosisD. AcanthosisE. Osseous disease65. The cystic stage of the tapeworm Echinoccocus granulosus is called a A. PolycercusB. CysticercoidC. ProcercoidD. HydatidE. Plerocercoid66. In the life cycle of paragonimus westermani, what stage emerges from the egg?A. SporocystB. RediaC. Daughter sporocystD. MiracidiumE. Cercaria67. During their life cycle nematodes nearly always haveA. 3 moults and 3 larval stagesB. 4 moults and 3 larval stagesC. 4 moults and 4 larval stagesD. 2 moults and 3 larval stagesE. 3 moults and 2 larval stages68. M. F., a 40-year-old, returns home to New York following a 2-week travel to Kenya.She started chloroquine anti-malarial prophylaxis2weeks prior to her departure for Kenya and continued throughout her foreign travel. She stopped taking the pills on her arrival home. Two weeks after her return she develops paroxysmal fever and diaphoresis and is quickly hospitalized with febrile convulsions, jaundice, and anemia. Blood smears reveal red blood cells multiply infected with delicate ring-like trophozoites and rare sausage-shaped gametocytes. The stage of the parasite life cycle that is responsible for the appearance of the parasites 2 weeks after departure from the malarious area is theA. HypnozoiteB. SporozoiteC. Erythrocytic schizontD. Exoerythrocytic schizontE. Merozoite69. At a school nurse's request, a clinic in rural South Carolina sees a 9-year-old girl who appears listless and inattentive, although hearing and visual testing has been within normal limits. The physician finds the child thin,with the"potbelly"of malnutrition, and orders a fecal exam and CBC (complete blood count). The CBC reveals a microcytic,hypochromic anemia,and the fecal exam detects brownish nearly colorless, oval nematode eggs approximately 65 microns in size, and several egg cells inside the transparent shell, too numerous to count. What was the most likely means by which this child was infected?A. Ingestion of eggsB. Ingestion of larvaeC. Ingestion of cysts in muscleD. Skin penetration by larvaeE. Mosquito transmission of sporozoites70. A 35-year-old Captain in the Army Reserves has been plagued by a painful, erosive lesion near his ear lobe since his return from Operation Desert Storm severalyears ago. He denies exposure to the toxic by-products of burning oil fields. Punch biopsy of the leading edge of the erosion reveals macrophages distended with oval amastigotes. How was this infection acquiredA. Bite of sandflyB. Bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoC .Bite of infected reduviid bugD. Fecal contamination of foodE. Contact with contaminated drinking water71. A group of seven college students undertake to climb Mt. Rainier outside Seattle on their spring break. They pack food and camping provisions except for water, which they obtain from the many fresh mountain streams that arise from the summit. The adventure takes a little over a week to accomplish, and all return safely and in good spirits to their classes the following week. Within the first week after their return, 6 of the 7students report to the infirmary with profuse diarrhea and tenesmus. Each affected student experiences weakness and weight loss and stool samples submitted to the lab are yellow, greasy, and foul smelling. What attribute of this parasite imparts its pathogenicity?A. Ventral sucking discsB. Lytic enzymesC. FlagellaD. EncystmentE. Toxic metabolites72. Reduviid bugs are also known asA. Laughing bugsB. Hissing bugsC. Kissing bugsD. Tickling bugsE. Hairy bugs73. Trypanosoma brucei is the pathogen of African trypanosomiasis transmitted byA. Warble flyB. MosquitoC. Sand flyD. Bed bugE. Tsetse fly74. Which of the following diseases is not transmitted via the mouthparts of an infected insect?A. American trypanosomiasisB. African trypanosomiasisC. FilariasisD. River blindness。
医学免疫学试题库含参考答案
医学免疫学试题库含参考答案一、单选题（共100题，每题1分，共100分）1、促使Th0细胞向Th1细胞方向分化的细胞因子是A、IL-4B、IL-13C、IFN-γD、IL-3E、IL-10正确答案：C2、产生TGF-β的主要细胞是A、CTL细胞B、Th细胞C、Mϕ细胞D、B细胞E、调节性T细胞正确答案：E3、抗TNF-α单抗(Certolizumab,Adalimumab,Golimumab)可用于治疗A、类风湿关节炎B、重症联合免疫缺陷病C、失血后贫血D、哮喘E、晚期肺癌正确答案：A4、需要做溶血空斑试验的情况是A、研究药物对B细胞功能的影响B、检测红细胞完整性C、研究单核细胞吞噬功能D、测定自身免疫性溶血患者血清抗体滴度E、检测肿瘤患者的NK细胞活性正确答案：A5、可通过ADCC效应杀伤肿瘤细胞的淋巴细胞是A、γδT细胞B、B细胞C、αβT细胞E、NK细胞正确答案：E6、T细胞的自分泌生长因子是A、IL-2B、IL-3与IL-5C、IL-6与IL-8D、IL-1与IL-7E、EPO与TPO正确答案：A7、用免疫球蛋白免疫同一种属不同个体的动物诱导的抗体,其所针对的特异性抗原主要是A、移植抗原B、独特型抗原C、同种型抗原D、同种异型抗原E、异种抗原正确答案：D8、初始T细胞移居的主要部位之一是A、淋巴结B、肝脏C、骨髓D、法氏囊E、胸腺正确答案：A9、关于调节性T细胞的叙述,哪项是不正确的A、自然产生的调节性T细胞可通过细胞-细胞间的直接接触发挥免疫抑制作用B、调节性T细胞在外周耐受形成的过程中发挥作用C、自然产生的调节性T细胞来源于胸腺D、调节性T细胞也可通过诱导产生E、过继转移调节性T细胞可用于打破免疫耐受正确答案：E10、仅能由TD-Ag诱导产生耐受的细胞是B、T细胞C、B细胞和T细胞D、NK细胞E、巨噬细胞正确答案：B11、新生儿溶血症A、Ⅲ型超敏反应B、Ⅱ型超敏反应C、非超敏反应D、Ⅳ型超敏反应E、Ⅰ型超敏反应正确答案：B12、可募集和活化巨噬细胞的细胞因子不包括A、MCP-1B、MIP-1α/βC、IL-10D、IFN-γE、GM-CSF正确答案：C13、关于自身免疫病发病的正确说法是A、儿童发病多于老年人B、睾丸酮可诱发某些品系小鼠出现系统性红斑狼疮C、切除小鼠卵巢可避免某些品系小鼠发生自发性系统性红斑狼疮D、男性多于女性E、切除卵巢后发病率增高正确答案：C14、通过分泌TGF-β参与调节的细胞是A、CD4+Th3B、CD4+Th1C、CD4+Th2D、CD4+Tr1E、自然调节T细胞正确答案：A15、抗胞内病原体感染中起主要作用的是A、TfhB、Th2C、Th17D、Th1E、Treg正确答案：D16、免疫防御功能低下的机体易发生A、反复感染B、超敏反应C、免疫增生性疾病D、自身免疫病E、肿瘤正确答案：A17、摄取、加工处理抗原能力最强的DC是A、前体DCB、未成熟DCC、骨髓内DCD、迁移期DCE、成熟DC正确答案：B18、抗体与抗原结合的相互作用是A、氢键B、非共价键C、二硫键D、磷酸化作用E、共价键正确答案：B19、传递TCR识别抗原的信号的是A、CD2B、CD3C、CD28D、Igα/IgβE、CD40正确答案：B20、以下关于B细胞表位的描述,错误的是A、由BCR识别B、大多为构象表位C、识别受MHC限制D、无需蛋白酶降解就可识别E、一般由10个左右氨基酸组成正确答案：C21、细胞之间相互作用不受MHC限制的是A、CTL对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用B、NK细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用C、APC对Th细胞的激活作用D、CTL对病毒感染细胞的杀伤作用E、Th细胞对B细胞的辅助作用正确答案：B22、耐受形成后维持时间较长的细胞是A、B细胞B、T细胞C、B细胞和T细胞D、NK细胞E、巨噬细胞正确答案：B23、合成和分泌抗体的细胞是A、B细胞B、Th1C、Th2D、浆细胞E、CTL正确答案：D24、HLA分子多态性的主要原因是A、连锁不平衡B、HLA基因是复等位基因C、HLA分子可以裂解D、HLA基因高度易变E、HLA基因发生有效重组机会较多正确答案：B25、不能用于分离外周血T细胞的方法是A、密度梯度离心法B、FACSC、免疫磁珠法D、免疫吸附分离法E、抗原肽-MHC分子四聚体技术分析正确答案：A26、肿瘤发生的主要机制是A、免疫防御功能的障碍B、免疫监视功能的障碍C、免疫自稳功能的障碍D、免疫调节功能的障碍E、免疫功能亢进正确答案：B27、脱敏治疗可用于A、血清过敏症B、接触性皮炎C、输血反应D、肾小球肾炎E、血清病正确答案：A28、重组乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原疫苗属于A、灭活疫苗B、重组抗原疫苗C、亚单位疫苗D、结合疫苗E、合成肽疫苗正确答案：C29、下列分子中,不参与蛋白质抗原加工提呈过程的是A、CD4B、CD8C、CD1E、TCR正确答案：C30、传递TCR识别抗原信号的分子是A、CD2B、CD3C、CD4D、CD5E、CD8正确答案：B31、关于白三烯的描述错误的是A、可使平滑肌收缩B、在迟发相发挥主要作用C、可使外分泌腺分泌增加D、可使毛细血管收缩E、可使毛细血管通透性增加正确答案：D32、关于肿瘤免疫的叙述错误的是A、细胞免疫是抗肿瘤免疫的主要机制B、抗体在抗肿瘤中并不发挥主要作用C、静止和活化的巨噬细胞均能杀瘤细胞D、NK细胞是抗肿瘤的第一道防线E、增强抗体具有促进肿瘤生长的作用正确答案：C33、不表达HLAⅠ类抗原的细胞是A、淋巴细胞B、成熟红细胞C、血小板D、网织红细胞E、肝细胞正确答案：B34、B细胞的共受体A、ICAM-1(CD54)B、CD79a/CD79bD、CD80/CD86E、CD19/CD21/CD81正确答案：E35、宿主抗移植物反应中,后果最严重的是A、超急性排斥反应B、慢性排斥反应C、GVHRD、亚急性排斥反应E、急性排斥反应正确答案：A36、与体液免疫应答异常有关的免疫缺陷病是A、X连锁无丙种球蛋白血症B、阵发性夜间血红蛋白尿C、慢性肉芽肿病D、WASE、遗传性血管神经性水肿正确答案：A37、能产生IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α的细胞是A、Th2细胞B、Th1细胞C、巨噬细胞D、NK细胞E、B细胞正确答案：B38、介导B细胞活化的共刺激分子是A、CD19B、CD21C、CD81D、CD40E、CD3正确答案：D39、可刺激成熟B细胞增殖和(或)分化的细胞因子是A、IL-12C、TGF-βD、G-CSFE、IL-4正确答案：E40、隐性感染后获得的免疫属于A、过继免疫B、自然主动免疫C、人工被动免疫D、人工主动免疫E、自然被动免疫正确答案：B41、感染后最早出现的抗体是A、IgAB、IgMC、IgGD、IgEE、IgD正确答案：B42、Th细胞的分化抗原是A、CD3B、CD4C、CD8D、CD28E、CTLA-4正确答案：B43、口服抗原可诱导局部黏膜免疫应答,却引起全身性免疫耐受的现象称为A、高带耐受B、免疫忽视C、低带耐受D、耐受分离E、免疫抑制正确答案：D44、关于中性粒细胞正确的叙述是A、来源于淋巴样前体细胞B、含有嗜天青颗粒C、主要功能为巡视、清除病原微生物D、在慢性炎症中起关键作用E、可与IgE结合正确答案：C45、关于T细胞,下列说法错误的是A、Th1细胞和Th2细胞均是CD4+ T细胞B、Th2细胞介导细胞免疫C、Th1细胞分泌IL-2D、Th2细胞分泌IL-4E、Th1细胞和Th2细胞均是辅助性T细胞,只是辅助对象不同正确答案：B46、关于记忆B细胞,下列说法错误的是A、合成大量IgMB、接触同一抗原可迅速活化C、在生发中心形成D、与静息B细胞的大小相似E、介导B细胞的再次免疫正确答案：A47、下列对Tr1和Th3描述错误的是A、CD4+Tr1主要分泌IL-10B、CD4+Th3主要分泌TGF-βC、Tr1可调控炎症性自身免疫反应和诱发移植耐受D、Th3通常在口服耐受和黏膜免疫中发挥作用E、它们都属于Foxp3+调节性T细胞正确答案：E48、目前临床上肾脏移植面临的主要困难之一是移植排斥反应,请问诱导该反应的主要抗原属于A、异种抗原B、独特型抗原C、同种异型抗原D、Forssmann抗原E、血型抗原正确答案：C49、适应性免疫的特点是A、感染早期迅速发挥作用B、包括物理屏障和化学屏障作用C、无针对病原体的特异性D、经遗传获得E、可产生免疫记忆正确答案：E50、遗传性血管神经性水肿是由哪类补体缺陷引起A、C3缺陷B、C4缺陷C、C1INH缺陷D、C1q缺陷E、C9缺陷正确答案：C51、Ⅳ型超敏反应主要机制A、ADCC效应B、IgE介导C、T细胞介导D、嗜酸性粒细胞介导E、中性粒细胞介导正确答案：C52、与HIV播散有关的主要免疫细胞为A、T淋巴细胞B、B淋巴细胞C、巨噬细胞D、NK细胞E、中性粒细胞正确答案：C53、B细胞的抑制性受体是A、CD20B、CD40C、CD79aD、CD80E、CD86正确答案：A54、可直接识别抗原表位的细胞是A、NKT细胞B、CD5-B细胞C、γδT细胞D、CD4+T细胞E、CD8+T细胞正确答案：B55、天然状态下负责肠道免疫保护的抗体是A、IgAB、IgMC、IgGD、IgEE、IgD正确答案：A56、穿孔素分子不具有下列哪项特点A、与补体成分C9作用相似B、可在靶细胞膜上聚合成孔道样结构C、存在于CTL细胞的胞浆颗粒中D、可使靶细胞发生凋亡E、可使靶细胞发生溶解正确答案：D57、关于B细胞形成的耐受,以下正确的是A、只有低剂量TD抗原可诱导B、诱导成功所需时间短C、耐受状态持续时间短D、只有低剂量TI抗原可诱导E、容易形成耐受正确答案：C58、属于TSA的是A、甲胎蛋白(AFP)B、胚胎硫糖蛋白抗原(FSA)C、癌胚抗原(CEA)D、人恶性黑色素瘤基因编码的MZ2-E抗原E、γ-胚胎蛋白正确答案：D59、具有自我更新能力的淋巴细胞是A、NK细胞B、B1细胞C、γδT细胞D、αβT细胞E、B2细胞正确答案：B60、以下哪种抗原物质的免疫原性相对较强A、抗原来源与人类的亲缘关系较近B、抗原的分子量小于10kDC、抗原的结构复杂D、脂类抗原E、由单一的氨基酸组成的抗原正确答案：C61、不属于人工被动免疫制剂的是A、抗毒素B、血清丙种球蛋白C、抗病毒血清D、胎盘球蛋白E、类毒素正确答案：E62、CD4分子存在于A、Th1、Tc细胞B、Treg、CTL细胞C、Th0、Th1、Th2细胞D、所有成熟T细胞E、肥大细胞正确答案：C63、T细胞活化所需的第二信号主要是A、CD8与MHCⅠ类分子作用B、CD4与MHCⅡ类分子作用C、CD40与CD40L之间作用D、CD28与B7分子之间的作用E、CD152与B7分子之间的作用正确答案：D64、靶细胞功能亢进的Ⅱ型超敏反应性疾病是A、Graves病B、输血反应C、类Arthus反应D、肺结核空洞E、接触性皮炎正确答案：A65、交叉配型对于以下哪种器官移植尤为重要A、心脏移植B、肝脏移植C、肺移植D、骨髓移植E、肾脏移植正确答案：D66、在补体激活的经典途径中,没有被裂解的组分是A、C2B、C3C、C4D、C5E、C6正确答案：E67、CD20属于A、致癌病毒产物B、基因突变产物C、正常组织中的隐蔽抗原D、胚胎抗原E、分化抗原正确答案：E68、MHC分子中不形成抗原结合槽的结构域是A、Ⅱ类分子的α1B、Ⅱ类分子的β1C、Ⅱ类分子的α2和β2D、Ⅰ类分子的α1E、Ⅰ类分子的α2正确答案：C69、能够与抗原肽结合并将抗原肽提呈到细胞膜表面的功能分子是A、B细胞受体B、MHC分子C、协同刺激分子D、T细胞受体E、细胞因子受体正确答案：B70、介导T细胞活化的共刺激分子A、CD16B、CD28C、CD4D、CD8E、CTLA-4正确答案：B71、T细胞表面的共受体是A、CD8B、CD28C、CD80D、CD40E、CD25正确答案：A72、产生穿孔素的细胞是A、CTL细胞B、Th细胞C、Mϕ细胞D、B细胞E、调节性T细胞正确答案：A73、能直接杀伤肿瘤细胞的细胞因子是A、IFN-γB、TNF-αC、CSFD、IL-2E、TGF-β正确答案：B74、在B细胞对TD抗原的应答中,Th细胞不发挥作用的是A、抗体亲和力成熟B、生发中心的形成C、对抗原的特异性识别D、B细胞的活化E、Ig类别转换正确答案：C75、淋巴样干细胞可以分化为A、巨噬细胞B、红细胞C、嗜碱性粒细胞D、T细胞E、血小板正确答案：D76、预防Rh血型不合的新生儿溶血症的方法是A、用抗Rh血清给新生儿进行人工被动免疫B、用免疫抑制剂抑制母体产生抗Rh抗体C、用过量的抗原中和母亲的抗Rh球蛋白D、给胎儿输入母亲的红细胞E、分娩72小时内给产妇注射抗Rh免疫血清正确答案：E77、通过分泌IL-4参与调节的细胞是A、CD4+Th3B、CD4+Th1C、CD4+Th2D、CD4+Tr1E、自然调节T细胞正确答案：C78、IgE分子中,具有高亲和性、可结合到肥大细胞上的部位是A、Fab段B、CH2功能区C、H链恒定区D、HVR区E、Fc段正确答案：E79、具有趋化作用的细胞因子是A、IL-8B、IL-5C、IL-6D、IL-1E、IL-3正确答案：A80、用鼠源性抗CD3单克隆抗体防治移植排斥反应,最主要的并发症是A、GVHRB、HVGRC、Ⅰ型超敏反应D、自身免疫病E、肿瘤正确答案：C81、抗CD3、抗CD25等单克隆抗体作为免疫抑制剂在临床上首先治疗下列哪种疾病A、慢性乙型病毒性肝炎B、肝细胞癌C、肾移植后急性排斥反应D、类风湿性关节炎E、持续性哮喘正确答案：C82、最早发现的人类肿瘤特异性抗原是A、CEAB、T抗原C、MAGE-蛋白D、EIA抗原E、EBV蛋白正确答案：C83、未成熟DC的特点是A、高表达共刺激分子B、高表达MHC分子C、有效提呈抗原D、有效摄取抗原E、高表达肽-MHC分子复合物正确答案：D84、急性器官移植排斥反应的主要效应细胞A、受者的树突状细胞B、受者的T细胞C、受者的B细胞D、供者的T细胞E、供者的树突状细胞正确答案：B85、与艾滋病发病密切相关的主要受体是A、CD3B、CD4C、CD8D、CD28E、CD40正确答案：B86、与G-CSF联合应用于外周血干细胞移植的重组细胞因子药物是A、LTB、IL-6C、IFN-γD、SCFE、IL-4正确答案：D87、MHCⅡ类分子表达障碍是由于A、PNP基因缺陷B、AK-2基因突变C、C2TA基因缺陷D、IL-2Rγ基因突变E、ADA基因缺陷正确答案：C88、NK细胞杀伤肿瘤细胞时A、不需预先致敏B、抗瘤谱较窄C、通过表面的IgE Fc段发挥作用D、有MHC限制性E、在肿瘤晚期时杀瘤作用较强正确答案：A89、IgM与抗原结合形成的复合物是A、参与经典途径激活的固有成分B、参与旁路途径激活的固有成分C、参与MBL途径激活的固有成分D、旁路途径激活物E、经典途径激活物正确答案：E90、HLA的表型是指A、HLA基因在体细胞一条染色体的组合B、HLA基因在体细胞两条染色体的组合C、一条染色体上的基因组合D、两条染色体上的基因组合E、某一个体HLA分子的型别正确答案：E91、B细胞识别特异性抗原A、需要细胞因子B、具有MHCⅠ类分子限制性C、通过CD3传递抗原信号D、具有MHCⅡ类分子限制性E、没有MHC限制性正确答案：E92、关于再次应答,下列说法错误的是A、再次应答较初次应答的潜伏期短B、抗体浓度增加快C、主要产生高亲和力的IgG抗体D、诱发再次应答所需抗原剂量小E、抗体维持时间短正确答案：E93、具有免疫抑制作用的是A、Th17B、Th2C、TfhD、TregE、Th1正确答案：D94、Th2细胞通过产生何种细胞因子抑制Th1细胞的活性A、IL-4B、IFN-γC、IL-12D、IL-2E、TNF-α正确答案：A95、吞噬细胞主要包括A、NK细胞和单核-巨噬细胞B、单核-巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞C、中性粒细胞和树突状细胞D、NK细胞和中性粒细胞E、中性粒细胞和APC正确答案：B96、中和作用最强的Ig是A、IgMB、IgGC、IgED、IgAE、IgD正确答案：B97、关于Th17细胞的叙述,错误的是A、Th17细胞参与病理性肠道炎症B、Th17细胞分泌IL-21促进Th17细胞的扩增C、TGF-β抑制Th17细胞分化D、Th17细胞可分泌大量IL-22E、Th17细胞分泌IL-23维持与稳定Th17细胞的特征正确答案：C98、CSF可以归类于A、集落刺激因子B、白细胞介素C、干扰素D、肿瘤坏死因子家族E、趋化因子家族正确答案：A99、辅助性T细胞的表面标志之一A、CD5B、CD4C、CD8D、CD19E、CD21正确答案：B100、乙肝预防疫苗诱导的保护性抗体是A、IgAB、IgMC、IgGD、IgEE、IgD正确答案：C。
医学免疫英语试题及答案
医学免疫英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a component of innate immunity?A. Complement systemB. Phagocytic cellsC. Physical barriersD. Antibodies2. The primary function of the spleen in the immune system is:A. To produce antibodiesB. To filter bloodC. To store white blood cellsD. To synthesize cytokines3. What is the process by which the adaptive immune system recognizes and remembers pathogens?A. InflammationB. Immunological memoryC. HypersensitivityD. Autoimmunity4. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is involved in:A. Cell adhesionB. Antigen presentationC. Immune cell signalingD. All of the above5. Which type of T cell is responsible for cytotoxic activity?A. Helper T cellsB. Cytotoxic T cellsC. Regulatory T cellsD. Memory T cells二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）6. The first line of defense in the immune system includes physical barriers such as the _______ and the _______.7. The process of an antigen binding to a specific B cell receptor triggers the B cell to _______ and differentiateinto _______ or _______.8. Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are composed of four polypeptide chains: two identical _______ and twoidentical _______.9. The _______ is a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the adaptive immune response.10. Vaccines are used to prevent infectious diseases by stimulating the production of _______ without causing the disease.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）11. Describe the role of cytokines in the immune response.12. Explain the concept of antigen presentation and its importance in the adaptive immune system.13. What are the differences between active and passive immunity?14. Discuss the potential risks and benefits of using immunosuppressive drugs in organ transplantation.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）15. Discuss the mechanisms of the innate and adaptive immune responses and how they complement each other.16. Analyze the role of the immune system in autoimmune diseases and the strategies for their treatment.答案：一、选择题1. D. Antibodies2. B. To filter blood3. B. Immunological memory4. B. Antigen presentation5. B. Cytotoxic T cells二、填空题6. skin, mucous membranes7. proliferation, plasma cells, memory B cells8. heavy chains, light chains9. T lymphocyte10. antibodies三、简答题11. Cytokines are small proteins that play a crucial role in cell signaling and communication during the immune response. They can regulate inflammation, activate immune cells, and stimulate the production of other cytokines.12. Antigen presentation is the process by which antigens are displayed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for recognition by T cells. This is essential for initiatinga specific immune response against a pathogen.13. Active immunity is acquired through exposure to a pathogen or vaccination and leads to the development ofimmunological memory. Passive immunity is temporary and involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, often through injection.14. Immunosuppressive drugs can prevent organ rejection in transplant patients but also increase the risk of infections and malignancies due to their suppressive effect on the immune system.四、论述题15. The innate immune response is the first line of defense and acts quickly to limit the spread of pathogens. It includes physical barriers, chemical barriers, and cellular responses. The adaptive immune response is slower but more specific and can develop immunological memory. Both systems work together to provide a comprehensive defense against pathogens.16. The immune system in autoimmune diseases mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Treatment strategies include immunosuppressive drugs to reduce the immune response, targeted therapies to address specific immune cells or molecules, and symptom management to alleviate the effects of the disease.。
《医学免疫学》试题库及答案
《医学免疫学》试题库及答案《医学免疫学》试题库及答案二、填空题部分1. 免疫系统由、、、组成。
2. 免疫系统具有、、、三大功能。
3. 人的中枢免疫器官包括和。
4. 胸腺是淋巴细胞分化发育的场所。
5. 人的外周免疫器官包括、、等。
6. T细胞按功能可以分为。
7. 调节T细胞又可以分为。
8. 超敏反应按发作时间、机制不同可分为。
9. 若先天性免疫缺陷发生在B细胞的祖细胞阶段，致使B细胞不能发育为不能产生称为。
10. 淋巴细胞通过和运行并分布于全身。
11. 胸腺由和组成。
12. T细胞介导的免疫应答称为。
13. 淋巴循环汇集于再入上腔静脉，进入血液循环。
14. 免疫学发展到现在已经可以在、、和的不同层次来研究免疫系统的功能。
15. 免疫学发展的一个特色是与的紧密结合。
16. T-B细胞协同的原因是:T及B细胞分别对同一抗原分子的不同应答，细胞向细胞提供辅助后，细胞才能产生。
17. 对人类细胞生成研究最为清楚的一类是。
18. Ig的基本结构是由条多肽链，中间以连接而成的。
19. 五类Ig分别是、、和、、 ;其重链分别是、、、和、链。
20. Ig的轻链有两个功能区，分别是、。
21. 用木瓜蛋白酶水解IgG可得到个Fab段和个Fc段。
22. Ig的铰链区位于与之间的区域，无铰链区的Ig是。
23. 五类Ig中在血清中含量最高的是，具有J链与分泌片的是，分子量最大的是，能通过胎盘的是，能介导I型超敏反应的是。
24. 根据Ig 的免疫原性的不同，可将其分为五类;又根据Ig 免疫原性的不同，而将其分为两型。
25. 在VL区内有个超变区，VH内有个超变区。
26. 根据Ig肽链上氨基酸的种类和排列顺序是否多变，可把Ig分为与两个区。
27. 能介导ADCC的Ig有、和。
28. 人类Ig的血清型有型、型、和型。
29. 用胃蛋白酶水解IgG后可得到能与抗原结合的片段和无活性的段。
30. 补体的主要产生细胞是和。
31. 补体的激活过程有、和三条途径。
免疫英语试题及答案详解
免疫英语试题及答案详解一、选择题1. Which of the following is a type of immune cell?A. Red blood cellB. White blood cellC. PlateletD. Lymphocyte答案：D2. What is the primary function of antibodies?A. To transport oxygenB. To neutralize pathogensC. To clot bloodD. To store energy答案：B3. The process of an immune response is triggered by:A. HormonesB. AllergensC. AntigenD. Antigens答案：C4. Which of the following is not a component of the innate immune system?A. SkinB. Complement systemC. PhagocytesD. T-cells答案：D5. Vaccines work by:A. Killing pathogensB. Stimulating the immune systemC. Suppressing the immune systemD. Providing nutrients答案：B二、填空题6. The _______ is the first line of defense in the immune system.答案：Skin7. An _______ is a foreign substance that triggers an immune response.答案：Antigen8. The _______ is a type of white blood cell that plays a critical role in the adaptive immune response.答案：Lymphocyte9. The process of the body recognizing and remembering specific antigens is known as _______.答案：Immunological memory10. The _______ is a group of proteins that enhance the immune response.答案：Complement system三、简答题11. Explain the difference between innate and adaptive immunity.答案：Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and is present from birth. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune cells like phagocytes and the complement system. Adaptive immunity is a more specific and targeted response that develops after exposure to a pathogen. It involves the activation of lymphocytes, which can produce antibodies and provide long-term immunity.12. Describe the role of T-cells in the immune response.答案：T-cells are a type of lymphocyte that play acentral role in the adaptive immune response. They can be divided into several types, including helper T-cells, which assist in activating other immune cells, cytotoxic T-cells, which can directly kill infected cells, and regulatory T-cells, which help to control the immune response to prevent damage to the body's own tissues.四、论述题13. Discuss the importance of vaccines in public health.答案：Vaccines are crucial for public health as they provide a means to prevent infectious diseases. Bystimulating the immune system to produce a response without causing the disease, vaccines can confer immunity toindividuals and, through herd immunity, protect those who cannot be vaccinated. Vaccines have been instrumental in controlling and eradicating diseases such as smallpox and are essential for maintaining global health.五、案例分析题14. A patient has been diagnosed with a deficiency in their complement system. Discuss the potential implications fortheir immune response and overall health.答案：A deficiency in the complement system can lead toan impaired innate immune response, making the individualmore susceptible to infections. The complement system plays a key role in identifying and eliminating pathogens byenhancing phagocytosis, promoting inflammation, and directly killing certain pathogens. A deficiency may result inrecurrent infections, chronic inflammation, and an increased risk of autoimmune diseases, as the body may not effectively regulate the immune response. Regular monitoring and medical interventions may be necessary to manage the patient's health.。
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第一章免疫学概论
一、选择题
A 型题
1.免疫的现代概念是
A 机体抗感染的防御功能
B 机体清除自身损伤、衰老细胞的一种功能
C 机体排除抗原性异物的功能，对机体都是有利的
D 机体消除和杀灭自身突变的细胞
E 机体识别和排除抗原性物质的功能
2 免疫监视功能低下的后果是
A 易发生肿瘤
B 易发生超敏反应
C 易发生感染
D 易发生自身免疫病
E 易发生免疫耐受
3 用无毒力牛痘苗接种来预防天花的第一个医师是
A AKoch
B Jenner
C Pasteur
D VonBehring
E Bordet
4 机体免疫系统识别和清除突变的细胞的功能称为
A 免疫监视
B 免疫自稳
C 免疫耐受
D 免疫防御
E 免疫识别
5 机体抵抗病原微生物感染的功能称为
A 免疫监视
B 免疫自稳
C 免疫耐受
D 免疫防御
E 免疫识别
6 既参与固有性免疫应答又参与适应性免疫应答的成分有
A 巨噬细胞
B B 细胞
C T 细胞
D 中性粒细胞
E 浆细胞
7 最早提出克隆选择学说的科学家是
A Burnet
B Border
C Porter
D Jenner
E Pasteur
8 免疫防御功能低下的机体易发生
A 肿瘤
B 超敏反应
C 移植排斥反应
D 反复感染
E 免疫增生病
9 最早用人痘接种预防天花的国家是
A 中国
B 美国
C 日本
D 俄罗斯
E 英国
B 型题
A 生理性免疫防御
B 生理性免疫稳定
C 免疫监视功能失调
D 免疫稳定功能失调
E 免疫防御作用过高
10. 清除病原微生物11. 病毒持续感染
12. 超敏反应13. 自身免疫病
14. 清除自身损伤衰老细胞
C 型题
A 特异性免疫应答
B 非特异性免疫应答
C 两者都是
D 两者都不是
15. 先天遗传而获得的免疫功能属于
16. 后天获得针对某种病原微生物或抗原的免疫功能属于
17. 皮肤黏膜的屏障作用属于
18. 补体的溶菌作用属于19. 溶菌酶的溶菌作用属于
X 型题
C 自然杀伤细胞对病毒感染细胞的杀伤作用
D 血液和体液中存在的补体成分
E 组织损伤局
部分泌的抑菌、杀菌物质
22．下列哪些细胞属于固有免疫应答细胞
A 单核 - 巨噬细胞
B NK 细胞
C B 细胞
D T 细胞
E 多形核中性粒细胞
23．执行适应性免疫应答的细胞是
A T 细胞
B B 细胞
C NK 细胞
D 单核-巨噬细胞
E 肥大细胞 24．免疫防御功能是指
A 阻止病原微生物侵入机体
B 抑制病原微生物在体内繁殖、扩散
C 清除体内变性、损伤及衰老的细胞
D 从体内清除病原微生物及其产物
E 识别、杀伤与清除体内突变细胞，防止肿瘤的发生 25．免疫防御功能异常可发生
A 自身免疫病
B 超敏反应
C 肿瘤
D 免疫缺陷
E 免疫增生病 26．免疫监视功能是指 A 识别、杀伤与清除体内突变细胞，防止肿瘤的发生
B 防止病毒的持续感染
C 清除体内变性、损伤及衰老的细胞，防止自身免疫病的发生
D 从体内清除病原微生物及其产物
E 阻止病原微生物侵入机体 27．免疫系统的三大功能
A 免疫监视
B 免疫稳定
C 免疫防御
D 免疫调节
E 免疫耐受 二、名词解释
28． immunity
29． immunologic defense
30． immunologic homeostasis
31． immunologic surveillance
三、问答题
32． To relate the characteristics of the adaptive immunity.
33． To simply relate the concept and the function of immunity.
34． What are the innate and adaptive immunity?
第二章 抗 原
一、选择题
A 型题
1．下列哪种物质没有免疫原性
A 异嗜性抗原
B 抗体
C 补体
D 半抗原
E 细菌多糖
2．类毒素的性质
20．特异性免疫的特点是
A 多为生后获得的功能表现
D 出生时就具有 21．属于固有性免疫应答的有 A 皮肤黏
膜的屏障作用
B 有针对性
C 可因抗原多次刺激而加强 E 机体在长期进化过程中逐渐建立起
来 B 吞噬细胞的吞噬病原体作用。