2020-2021学年江苏省南京市中华中学高二上学期期末检测英语试题 解析版
2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷-含答案
英语试卷参考答案第一部分听力1. B2. C3. A4. B5. C6. B7. C8. A9. A 10. C11.B 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. C第二部分阅读21. B 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. A31. B 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 36. G 37. B 38. D 39. E 40. A第三部分语言运用41. A 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. C 48. C 49. B 50. D51. A 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. D第三部分第二节56. another 57. successful 58. who/that 59. disappointing 60. lower61. changes 62. to keep 63. earns 64. truth 65. soB卷第一部分听力1. B2. C3. B4. A5. C6. B7. C8. C9. A 10. A11. C 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. C第二部分阅读21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. A31. B 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. G 37. B 38. D 39. E 40. A第三部分语言运用41. D 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. D51. A 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. D第三部分第二节56. another 57. successful 58. who/that 59. disappointing 60. lower61. changes 62. to keep 63. earns 64. truth 65. so第四部分：写作第一节应用文写作（满分15分）One possible versionNew Fashion in Our SchoolWith the national call to practice strict economy and combat waste, it has become a fashion to put an end to waste in our school.We were required to start with small actions, such as turning off the tap immediately after using water and writing on both sides of the paper if we could. We also went to public places to promote the idea that saving today is saving the generation tomorrow.From the activity, we have greatly raised our awareness of saving.第二节：读后续写（满分25分）评分原则1. 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
江苏省2020学年高二英语上学期期末考试试题
第一学期期末检测试题高二英语本卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题），满分120分。
考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题共85分）第一部分听力 (共两节，满分20分)第一节 (共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有15秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the man do today?A. Play football.B. Buy some flowers.C. Work in the garden.2. What does the woman do?A. A student.B. A waitress.C. A tour guide.3. How did the man feel before his speech?A. Relaxed.B. Nervous.C. Confident.4. Where does the conversation take place?A. At school.B. At a shop.C. At the man’s house.5. What will the man do later?A. Eat out.B. Cook dinner.C. Buy vegetables.第二节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6和第7题。
6. What is John doing?A. Taking a nap.B. Having lunch.C. Taking a message.7. What time is it probably now?A. 12:00 noon.B. 12:30 pm.C. 1:00 pm.听第7段材料，回答第8和第9题。
英语_江苏省某校2020-2021学年高二上学期期末联考英语试题(含答案)
江苏省某校2020-2021学年高二上学期期末联考英语试题一、阅读选择1. VICE-DIRECTOR IN EUROPE/DIRECTOR UNU Institute for Environment and Human SecurityDuty Station:Bonn,GermanyThe United Nations University(UNU)has been committed to objective research on the pressing global problems of human survival,conflict prevention,development and welfare,for the past four decades.UNU - EHS Director and UNU Vice-Director in EuropeUNU is advertising publicly for a Director for the UNU Institute for Environment and Human Security(UNU - EHS)who will also serve as UNU' s Vice-Director in Europe,dividing his/her time equally between both positions.The Institution:UNU - EHS aims to carry out research on risks and adaptation related to environmental dangers and global change.The Institute's research promotes policies and programs to reduce these risks,while taking into account the balance between environment and social factors.The Position:The Director is the chief academic and administrative(行政的)officer of UNU -EHS. The UNU Vice-Director in Europe(UNU - ViE)represents the UNU Director in selected high-level UN conferences outside of Japan,in meeting with Member States and UNU institutes located in America,Asia and Africa.Qualifications:The director should have academic qualifications that live up to UNU - EHS position in the international scholarly community;guarantee scientific excellence;and provide leadership and guidance for activities at UNU -EHS and UNU -ViE.Experience:Strong research background and publications in areas related to addressing risks and Social change.Proven administration experience.Strong international fundraising skills and past success in securing support from funders. Proven sensitivity to gender (性别) factors. Fluency in English is required. Fluency in German and official languages of the United Nations is desirable.Application deadline:12 January 2020Full details of the position and how to apply:https:///about/hr（1）The accepted applicant will fulfil his/her duty mainly in________A Africa.B Asia.C America.D Europe.（2）What is required for the position?A Nationality.B Gender.C Language fluency.D Marriage status.（3）What is the main duty for the director of UNU - EHS?A To carry out research on environmental risks.B To serve as academic and administrative officer.C To balance between environment and social factors.D To promote policies to reduce environmental risks.2. When tragedy strikes, some people fall into deep depression (抑郁) sometimes losing hope and even the will to carry on. They may worry continuously about the disaster and suffer nightmares. Other people, however, react differently. Instead of becoming depressedand unable to cope, they are able to deal with painful experiences and move on.Boris Cyrulnik is interested in this difference of reaction. To find out why some people are so deeply affected, while others are seemingly able to recover, he has devoted his career to the study of psychological resilience (复原力).Cyrulnik found resilience is a quality that builds through a natural process. He says that alone, a child has no resilience. We build resilience from developing relationships.Positive emotions and humour are key factors in resilience. Cyrulnik's research has shown that people who are better able to deal with life's difficulties or traumas (创伤)are able to find meaning in hardship, seeing it as a useful and inspiring experience, and even to find ways to laugh. Resilient people always remain able to see how things may turn out for the better in the future, even if the present is painful.It had previously been thought that people who show more resilience are less emotional in general, but Cyrulnik believed that the pain is no less for resilient people than it is for others; it is a matter of how they choose to use it. The pain may continue, even over a whole lifetime, but for these people it raises a challenge that they decide to meet. The challenge is to overcome what has happened, to find strength in the experience instead of letting it defeat them, and to use the strength to move forward. Given the right support, children are especially able to complete recovery from trauma. Cyrulnik has shown that the human brain is easily influenced and will recover if allowed. If a child is well supported and loved after the trauma, his brain is able to return to normal within a year.Cyrulnik thinks it important not to label (贴标) children who have suffered a trauma, misleading them to a hopeless future. Trauma consists of two things: the injury and the repeated description of that injury. Often the most damaging post-traumatic experience for children is experiencing embarrassing adult descriptions of events. Labels, he says, can be more damaging than the experience.（1）According to Cyrulnik's research, resilient people are________A patient and forgiving.B sensitive and controlling.C optimistic and humorous.D considerate and committed.（2）What's Cyrulnik's attitude towards children with traumas?A They should be treated differently.B They should be labeled as poor littleones. C They should be given the right support. D They should be helped to accept the reality.（3）What does Cyrulnik's research find?A Resilience is a person's ability to grow in the face of terrible problems.B Resilience is found in less emotional people in general.C Resilience is built either by being alone or communicating with others.D Resilience is a person's power to avoid painful experiences.（4）From which is the text probably taken?A A biology textbook.B A travel guidebook.C A psychology book.D A sports magazine.3. On the night of June seventeenth, happily unaware that I was now less than forty-eighthours from my little “date” with Bryan Smith, I sat down at our dining r oom table and listed all the questions I wanted to answer, all the points I wanted to address in my book On Writing-A Memoir of the Craft. On the eighteenth, I wrote the first four pages of the “On Writing” section. That was where my writing still stood in late July, when I decided I'd better get back to work... or at least try.My wife Tabby is the person in my life who's most likely to say I'm working too hard, it's time to slow down, stay away from that disgusting PowerBook for a little while. When I told her on that July morning that I thought I'd better go back to work, I expected a lecture. Instead, she asked me where I wanted to set up.She thought about it, and said: "I can lay a table for you in the back hall. There are plenty of plugins so you can have your laptop, the little printer, and a fan. "A couple of hours later, she had made me a wonderful little nest there: laptop and printer, my notes, pens, and reference materials...Standing on the corner of the desk was a framed picture of our younger son, which she had taken earlier that summer.“Is it all right?” she asked.“It's wonderful,” I said, and hugged her. It was wonderful. So is she.That first writing session lasted an hour and forty minutes, by far the longest period I'd spent sitting upright since being struck by Bryan Smith's car. When it was over, I was sweating and almost too tired to sit up straight in my wheelchair. And the first five hundred words were uniquely terrifying--it was as if I'd never written anything before them in my life. All my old tricks seemed to have deserted me. I stepped from one word to the next like a very old man finding his way across a stream on a winding line of wet stones. There was no inspiration that first afternoon, only a kind of stubborn determination and the hope that things would get better I kept at it.There was no breakthrough that afternoon, unless it was the ordinary miracle that comes with any attempt to create something. All I know is that the words started coming a little faster after a while, then a little faster still. My back still hurt, my leg, too, but those hurts began to seem a little farther away. I started to get on top of them. There was no sense of excitement- not that day-but there was a sense of accomplishment that was almost as good. After that,things can only get better.（1）What happened to the writer on June the nineteenth?A He had an appointment with Bryan Smith.B He listed all the questions he wanted to answer.C He wrote the first four pages of the“On Writing”section.D He was struck by a vehicle driven by Bryan Smith.（2）When did the author decide to continue his writing?A In late June.B In late July.C On June 18th.D On June 17th.（3）What does the underlined sentence"I expected a lecture."in paragraph 3 mean?A I was expecting my wife to advise me what to write about.B I thought my wife would talk a lot to discourage me from writing.C I had prepared a lecture to get myself back to work.D I was waiting for my wife to show me where to set up.（4）How did the writer feel at the end of his writing in the wheelchair that afternoon?A Greatly disappointed.B Extremely excited.C Deeply depressed.D A little satisfied.（5）What made the words start coming a little faster after a while?A All his old tricks that had come back.B His determination to createsomething. C His pains that had gone a little farther away. D His wonderful little nest made by his wife.4. So far we have focused on the textual elements of the Great Gatsby, but it's time to turn to structural concerns-the ways in which the patterns of language and imagery create the backbone of a story. I would say it's almost impossible to see these patterns in a single reading: it took me six to understand their full effects.Where did that ending,the thinking of the green light, come from? Books have endings but a do chapters. The seeds for the ending of Gatsby are Planted at the end of chapter 1 , where Nick sees Gatsby for the first time: But I didn't call to him, for he gave a sudden hint that he was content to be alone--he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and, far as I was from him, I could see he was trembling. I glanced seaward--and saw nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock (码头). When I looked once more for Gatsby, he had vanished (消失), and I was alone again in the unquiet darkness.It's all there:the dark water, the green light, the end of a dock, the stretching,reaching and desperate struggling-as well as the mysterious character of Gatsby.Should a reader at the last chapter be expected to remember that scene in Chapter 1? Maybe. But perhaps the reader could benefit from a reminder. I found it in the novel's central scene in which Gatsby and Daisy are reunited after five years."If it wasn't for the mist we could see your home across the bay,"said Gatsby."You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock."Daisy put her arm through his unexpectedly, but he seemed absorbed in what he had just said. Possibly it had occurred to him that the great significance of that light had now vanished forever....Now it was again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted (看魔) objects had reduced by one.It is important to note the repetition of key words over significant spaces of text. The word vanished echoes (呼应)the end of chapter 1, Gatsby's vanishing act. But enchanted appears before the phrase at the end of the book,"a short enchanted moment.”It just so happened that I was visiting Long Island while I was rereading this passage, when I noticed that it fell on the central chapter. The physical,structural,virtual center of the novel. What are we to learn from this? It should remind us that a truly great work of art is beautifully and finely created. It should reveal how purposeful the strategic vision of the author is.Whatever its effect in Gatsby, it also serves as a writing lesson for the rest of us, whether we are writing fiction, nonfiction,biography, screenplays, or poetry.（1）What is this passage mainly about?A Paragraph development.B Right words.C Story structure.D Textual elements.（2）According to the passage,“the green light”is mentioned in at least________chapters in The Great Gatsby.A two.B three.C four.D six（3）Which of the following is true according to the passage?A It took the writer six hours to discover the patterns of the novel.B The description in Para 3 has no links to the character of Gatsby.C The reappearance of some key words may just be coincidence.D The ending of the novel may remind readers of Chapter 1.二、七选五5. How to Get the Sleep You NeedMary Ladd's husband could sleep through the night, but she couldn't.（1） And part of it felt out of her control. A breast cancer survivor with an elderly mother, Ladd found that her worries would come to her mind at bedtime.（2）It's not just a matter of feeling tired. Over the long run, lack of sleep can contribute to diseases like depression, obesity, heart attack, and even cancer.Unfortunately, telling patients to sleep more doesn't mean they'll be able to do it.（3）Exercise more, stick to a sleep schedule, avoid caffeine in the evening. As a result, a third of adults report that they fail to get a seven-to-nine-hour sleep a night.The good news is that science has begun figuring out sleep's mysteries and the following are some of the latest ideas to improve our bedtime.Don't Go Toward the Light.Our brains react to the blue light given off by computers, smart-phones, and even LED bulbs much as they do to daylight. If you can't avoid screens before you head to bed, try wearing light-blocking glasses.Become a Dream Weaver.People with fewer dreams are more likely to be sensitive to pain and anxious. Unfortunately, some sleeping pills can disturb REM sleep-the last and most dream-filled sleep cycle. Alcohol does too.（4）Training yourself to wake naturally takes practice, but you'll be more rested if you can do it.Don't Worry About It.（5）Such anxieties can transform lack of sleep into chronic insomnia (慢性失眠). A recent research shows you will still get through the day if you don't get enough sleep. Therefore, if you lose sleep, tell yourself that it's OK.A Often it involves relaxation training or meditation (冥想) to reduce anxiety.B Another common cause is alarm clocks,which interrupt sleep cycles.C People often think they won't be able to function if they don't have a good night.D Is there anything worse than badly needing sleep and not being able to get it?E Ask your doctor for advice intime. F Part of her problem was that she had some bad habits:too much coffee,for one. G Nor does repeating the advice they've heard a million times.三、完形填空6. I spent years struggling financially---trying to get ahead and realize my dreams. As achild, I learned what it was like to make every dollar stretch, and was_________ that, finally, things would be different when I grew up. But adulting wasn't quite as easy as I had _________. My financial circumstances grew more _______ once I was married and had mychildren.In my late 20s, my world turned upside down in just 72 hours. My husband Doug and I became _________ at the same time. We were both extremely hard workers, but we could not _______ a depressed economy and thus had no means to support our family._________, our family had made a smart decision a few years earlier that saved us from disaster. It had taken us two years, but we _________ to save a $1,000 emergency fund, which was_________to six weeks of bills. In the meanwhile, we _________ the job search for Doug. In the end, losing all of our family's income sources ________did not break us. It made us __________. My husband went back to work to support our family.As for me, instead of ________from my problems, I picked myself up. I ________ to be the first person in my family to graduate from college and become a CPA. There was actually a hidden __________ in this whole storm for me. Because my plant had closed down, I was eligible(有资格的) to go to school under the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA). Now, I'm a CEO of iCompass Compliance Solutions. I'm also very pleased to be able to__________my story and my advice with others.（1）A remindedB comfortedC encouragedD convinced（2）A plannedB expectedC provedD allowed（3）A favourableB complicatedC difficultD frightening（4）A unemployedB sickC disabledD penniless（5）A standB surviveC resistD handle（6）A EventuallyB CoincidentallyC FortunatelyD Hopefully（7）A managedB attemptedC longedD swore（8）A similarB relatedC equalD inadequate（9）A carried onB counted onC agreed onD focused on（10）A immediatelyB suddenlyC surprisinglyD gradually（11）A calmerB smarterC strongerD healthier（12）A hidingB separatingC excusingD learning（13）A deservedB decidedC struggledD happened（14）A truthB problemC challengeD benefit（15）A shareB compareC exchangeD connect四、用单词的适当形式完成短文7. 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
江苏省南京市2020学年高二英语上学期期末考试试题(含解析)
南京市2020学年度第一学期期末调研测试卷高二英语本试卷共12页，包含选择题(第1题至第70题，共70题)、非选择题(第71题至第81题，共11题)两部分。
本卷满分为120分，考试时间为120分钟。
考试结束后，请将答题纸交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分20分)第—节(共5小题:每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How does the man prefer to go to work?A. By car.B. By bus.C. On foot.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2.What’s the time now?A. 10:10.B. 10:30.C. 11:00.【答案】A【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
3.What are the speakers talking about?A. A dinner out.B. A trip to Hainan.C. A birthday gift.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
4.What's the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Salesperson and customer.B. Cook and customer.C. Doctor and patient.【答案】C【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
5.Where are the speakers?A. In a university.B. In a housing agency.C. In a lost and found. 【答案】B【解析】【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。
江苏省2020-2021学年高二上学期最新英语试卷精选汇编：完形填空专题
完形填空专题江苏省南京市2020-2021学年第一学期期中高二英语试卷第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
“I had a lovely dream last night,” my mum said, a wide smile filling her face. “All you grownup kids were there. We were 41 together , all of us under one roof.”“Oh,”I replied.“You 42 you had a nightmare(梦魇）.”Perhaps it's an Asian thing, but if it was up to my mum I would 43 live at home.I see her most weeks and we speak almost daily, but it's never 44 . Whenever I look for a new flat to rent, she sends me 45 : all a two-hour ride from work, yet just a five-minute walk from her house.Once,she even saved her address as “ 46 ”in my satnav(导航）。
“Think of the money you spend on rents," she said."You could 47 it and live with me.”However, like many young people, I need space to 48 and to make mistakes. At Mum's, there was never enough space. I 49 at 18 and have only had three flat requirements since: cheap rent; 50 enough o Mum's for regular visits; far enough that they are not too regular.51 something happened recently.I fell ill and was home alone. Mum came as soon as she could, and only at that time I felt her 52 I wished then,strongly, that she lived a little nearer, a “stone's throw away” 53I have no plans to move back in with Mum,but I've come to learn there might be some method to her madness:my 54 flat will be the closest to her. We all need 55, but ideally we stay near enough to someone who will help pick up the pieces.41. A. talking B.reading C.working D.living42.A.pretend B. mean C.admit D.hope43.A.still B.also C.even D.thuste B.enough sting D.tiring45.A.connection B.explanations C.suggestions D. informationmunity pany C.park D.home47.A.save B.earn C.pay D.share48.A.play B.advance C.grow D.exercise49.A.left B.paid C.graduated D.hesitated50.A.expensive B.cheap C.far D.close51.A.Or B.And C.So D.But52.A.worry B.absence C.strength D.effort53.A.reason B.chance C.distance D.direction54.A.only B.next C.final D.private55.A.space B.guidance C.support D.attention完形填空41-45 DBABC 46-50 DACAD 51-55 DBCBA03完形填空答案：41-45 DBABC 46-50 DACAD 51-55 DBCBA本篇文章讲述了作者和母亲之间的关系，她认为自己需要成长的空间不应该再和母亲住在一起，而母亲则是希望我和她同住一个屋檐下。
江苏省南京市2020---2021学年度高二上学英语期末模拟卷(word 版,有答案)
2020---2021学年度南京市高二上学期英语期末考试模拟卷第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）A第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)第二节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
第三节Escape New York is powered by the New York Cycle Club, a 100% volunteer organization in the service of the New York Cycling community. And it is open to riders at all levels.第四节The ride offers five routes:第五节Bergen Spin, 25 miles. Are you a green hand to cycling? Is this your first time to ride outside of the Hudson Greenway or Central Park? See something different as you ride through the leafy Bergen County.Piermont Pleasures, 50 miles. Do you prefer a "touring approach to cycling? Enjoy the scenery on our trip to the historic village of Piermont. It's a relatively relaxing route.Rockland Roll, 75 miles. Looking for a bit of a challenge? You'll wind your way uphill and down a valley to beautiful Rockland County and cycle to 4,000 feet high.Century Challenge, 100 miles. Are you an experienced rider looking to take new territory(领地) ？Climb nearly 6,000 feet through beautiful towns and countryside that take you into and around Harriman State Park.The Dirty Spin, 60 miles. For the first time, Escape New York offers to escape the city on dirt roads. The route goes from Sakura Park to Nyack Beach, offering 2,800 feet of height and a mix of paved and hard-packed roads. The dirt route offers different kind of journey. Besides, we ask riders to be able to guide on their own.Perks(特权): Breakfast,post- ride meal and3 months' NYCC' trial membership(for non---members-) including access(使用某物的权利) to member---led rides, monthly club meetings, social events and discounts at local bike shops.Support: Hundreds of volunteers on the route and well-stocked rest stops.Plus: All riders are to leave Manhattan through the George Washington Bridge and to explore the beauty and history just across the Hudson River.1. Which of the following routes are inexperienced riders advised to choose?A. Bergen Spin and Rockland Roll.B. Rockland Roll and The Dirty spin.C. Bergen Spin and Piermont Pleasures.D. Rockland Roll and Century Challenge.2. What is special about The Dirty Spin?A. It is the longest route.B. Riders will ride on dirt roads.C. It provides riders with road bikes.D. Riders have a guide to lead the way.3. What can we learn about Escape New York riders?A. They can enjoy NYCC services for three months.B. They can be volunteers at NYCC after the cycling.C. They all arrive at George Washington Bridge at last.D. They can get economic support from the government.BApologies for the late update, but as you may already know we went to the South Pole on the first day after Christmas Day.We set up a tent and left our sledges（雪橇）about 10km from the Pole and then ran with a little food and drink, our satellite phone, a camera and a flag as soon as we arrived. The round trip turned out to be a long and difficult activity but we covered 56.7km(nearly 35 miles) in 18 hours. People admired us by the time we returnedAs we were skiing alongside the runway two electric sledges moved past us. The next thing we saw was several acres of oil containers and boxes, with giant vehicles moving between them，blowing smoke and moving backward with great noises.We raced to the actual Pole(there are two actually --- a few metres apart, the ceremonial one with all the flags, and the actual Pole that we can only move around as the ice slowly moves towards the coast), and took a few photos, shot some films and made some calls before racing away again as fast as we could. By the time we made it back to the tent, it was nearly I am and we had to have dinner before sleeping and skiing another 35km tomorrow.When we were skiing back to the tent , my excitement was growing. We got down to our work today after almost no rest. We were both, as you might imagine, pretty shattered. I sat on my sledge and tried hard to keep myeyes open. I said to Tarka as we ate and drank, "This is silly way to make a living”. "True!" he replied, as he emptied a packet of nuts into his mouth. "But it's not bad way to make a life."I will be blogging daily at www.scottexpedition. com/blog and share more pictures and videos with you.4. What made the author proud?A. The photos and films.B. Setting up his own tent.C. Covering 56.7km in 18 hours.D. Being able to do the difficult job.5. What can we learn about the actual Pole?A. It is too far away to reach.B. It interests the author most.C. It is separated from the ceremonial one.D. It is very dangerous to walk around it.6. What does the underlined word "shattered" in the fifth paragraph mean?A. Excited.B. Tired.C. Encouraged.D. Dissatisfied.7. Why did the author go to the South Pole?A. To take a holiday.B. To celebrate Christmas.C. To experience the pleasure of skiing.D. To record something about the South Pole.CWhen Chris Henrie first shared his experience about treating his eating disorder(进食障碍) on his TikTok account, he was highly welcome. Henrie now has more than 270,000 followers on TikTok. "Through my videos, I try to take a look at what recovery really looks like, and I think people understand a lot of what I say," Henrie says.However, another side of TikTok isn't as careful as Henrie's videos when it comes to discussing eating disorders. On the "For You" page, a user will watch the most popular videos. Once users give one video a “like”, they 'll see others like it as part of their own "For You" page. Since the beginning of the Internet, it's been nearly impossible to use it without coming across content about dieting, including disordered eating. When TikTok users search for the phrase“pro-ana(支持厌食)” , they will be led to a page with help tips. However, spelling the phrase wrongly may lead you to videos of people openly showing disordered eating behavior—from weighing themselves to performing “body checks”. "TikTok was built to provide a positive place for creativity. We care deeply about our users' health and continue to develop protective ways to avoid those negative videos, ”says Tik Tok. "Content that supports or encourages eating disorders is strictly against our community guidelines and will be removed."However, it doesn't' work so well sometimes. “My 'For You' page is full of that stuff, ”says TikTok user Ramsey Shindell. Like Henrie, Shindell is open on TikTok about her past in treatment for an eating disorder. But having users show off their diets and weight loss, Shindell says, can tread a very fine line between healthy behavior and disordered eating---as there are many young users. "It's hard because it's difficult sometimes to tell the difference between what is harmful and what is okay to post, "Shindell says. "I think creators who are older and have the ability to think about what they're posting, have a responsibility,and I’ve been trying to be more careful about what I post."According to National Eating Disorder Association (NEDA), users like Henrie and Shindell are doing the right thing by sharing their healthy and educational knowledge about eating disorders. “We are inspired by our community members who want to make TikTok a safe space for people who are struggling, at risk, or in recovery from an eating disorder ---and we encourage people to continue expressing concern about the diet culture and disordered eating,” one NEDA representative said.8. How does TikTok fight against pro-ana?A. By removing videos of pro-ana.B. By stopping users talking about dieting.C. By offering help to users interested in it.D. By creating the “For You” page for users9. What does the underlined part"that stuff in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Discussions about eating disordersB. Guidelines for young TikTok users.C. ways of recovering from eating disorders.D. Videos that may cause disordered eating.10. Which of the following do Chris Henrie and Ramsey Shindell share?A. They have suffered from a similar condition.B. They have been working closely with NEDA.C. They think highly of TikTok's "For You"page.D. They show concern for videos of eating disorders.11. What can we know about the eating-disorder content on TikTok?A. It is more popular among adults.B. It has attracted people's attention.C. It can be both helpful and harmfulD. It will be removed by TikTok soon.DFrom the top of Mount Everest to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, plastic continues to bring a lot of environmental problems, and it does harm to all life forms on Earth. Despite knowing the ecological and economic effects of plastic pollution, we have not been able to stop the use of plastic products .Now, thanks to the invention of a 17-year-old girl Angelina Arora, we finally have a much better replacement. This plastic-like material is made from prawn shells(虾壳), and it decomposes(分解)1.5 million times faster than most of the plastic products we use today.The Aussie teen first knew the harm of plastic waste to the environment when shopping with her mother at the local supermarket. She wondered why her mother had to pay for the plastic bags. When asked, the cashier informed her about how plastic hurts the planet and that the additional charge was there to discourage people from using it. This inspired Arora to create biodegradable(可生物降解的) replacement that would decompose much faster than traditional plastic.Arora's love of science provided her with the right tools and understanding, but the journey of inventing eco-friendly plastic was not easy. She experimented with a number of materials such as cornstarch and banana peels, both of which had to be ruled out because of their solubility (溶解度). One night, while having dinner, she noticed that the shells of prawns looked "plasticky". She wondered what caused it and immediately went to the lab to research. Later, she would describe that dinner as her "Eureka" moment.She got the carbohydrate called “chitin" from the shells and turned it into chitosan. She then mixed it with an insoluble protein called "fibroin", which was found in the silk cocoon. Using the mixture of these two materials, Arora created a plastic-like material that could break down completely within just 33 days. Moreover, this plastic gives off nitrogen when decomposing, which is why it can provide nutrition for plants.In the 2018 BHP Billiton Foundation Science and Engineering Awards, Arora was awarded the Innovator to Market Award. She also got international recognition through the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. Thousands of brilliant students from over 81 nations took part in the competition, and Arora came in fourth for her invention. She also won a scholarship to one of the best universities in the United States.Arora, now a student of medicine, is trying to remove the usage of traditional plastic. Her product is ready to be produced for business use. However, before that happens, she has to go through many procedures. She is also talking to supermarkets and asking them to use her biodegradable plastic. It can be used for all kinds of packaging and the producing cost of the product is also lower than that of most biodegradable products.An inspiring young woman Angelina Arora wants to make a difference to the world, and she wants to encourage other young people, especially young women, to follow their heart and make a positive difference however they can.12. What problem does the author want to show in the beginning?A. Plastic products always find their way to our lifeB. People lack the knowledge of plastic products' harm.C. Plastics cause the most serious environmental problem.D. Plastics can be found both in mountains and in the ocean.13. What inspired Angelina Arora to create biodegradable plastics?A. Her mother's complaint about plastic bags.B. The scene of the planet being hurt by plasticsC. A supermarket's unwillingness to sell plastic bags.D. The information provided by a supermarket's cashier.14. What can we know about Angelina Arora's invention?A. It will easily disappear in water.B. It is made completely from prawn shells.C. It can degrade immediately after being usedD. It produces something useful when breaking down.15. What is Angelina Arora trying to do now?A. To lower the cost of her invention.B. To put her invention into a wider use.C. To decide on the final form of her product.D. To send her product to supermarkets for free第六节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)第七节阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题-含答案
2020-2021学年度第一学期期末考试试卷高二英语命题人：第I卷第一部分．阅读理解(共两节20小题；每小题2分，共40分)第一节：（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWondering where to watch the fireworks on the fourth Friday of July? Here are some restaurants where you can sit, grab a bite to eat and watch the show.The Roof on Wilshire offers a view of the city, so chances are that you’ll be able to catch a fireworks show while you’re up there. The restaurant will also offer an all-you-can-eat menu for $20 that includes all beef，hot dogs and sweet potato chips. The festivities will take place from 2 to 11 pm. Reservations are recommended. 6317 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, (323) 852-6002.Whiskey Red’s is located in Marina Del Rey. Beginning at 5:30 pm, it will include live music from Jack of Hearts. The event is free and open to the public. Guests can make reservations from 5:30 to 10 pm. It costs $59 to reserve a seat on the patio(露台) and $49 for indoor seating. Kids aged 5 to 12 need $25 for a seat outside and $20 for an indoor seat. Kids aged four and below are free. 13813 Fiji Way, Marina Del Rey, (310) 823-4522.High Rooftop lounge(休息室) in Venice at the top of the Hotel Erwin offers views of the Venice coastline. The fireworks show starts at 9 pm. The rooftop lounge offers a full menu of cocktails and a selection of snacks. 1697 Pacific Avenue, Venice Beach, (800) 786-7789.The last one is Carbon Beach Club at the Malibu Inn. Here you can see fireworks from a seat on the restaurant’s oceanfront balcony from 6 to 9:30 pm. Reservations are recommended. 22878Pacific Coast Hwy, Malibu, (310) 456-6444.1. Which restaurant will provide live music during fireworks?A. Carbon Beach Club.B. Whiskey Red’s.C. Wilshire.D. High Rooftop lounge.2. Where can you get an all-you-can-eat menu with $20?A. Wilshire.B. Whiskey Red’s.C. High Rooftop lounge.D. Carbon Beach Club.3. Which telephone number will you dial if you want to reserve a seat on anoceanfront balcony?A. (323) 852-6002.B. (310) 823-4522.C. (800) 786-7789.D. (310) 456-6444.BI went shopping for a dress to wear to my daughter’s high school graduation half a year ago. To my horror, I could only fit into a size 20.Being overweight most of my adult life, I always had very little self-confidence. Wearing a dress I didn’t like to such an important event was enough to make me look for help. Thankfully, a friend of mine was attending Weight Watchers meetings, and I noticed her great progress. Her success inspired me to give it a try. I joined Weight Watchers, attended their meetings and started following their Weight-Loss System.I focused on the plan with determination and never missed a weekly meeting! I discovered that I enjoyed the benefits of having the help and support of others. I also read the weekly online e-newsletter and was inspired by the stories, recipes and information offered there, I also read magazines produced by Weight Watchers, which have great tips and new ideas in each issue.It’s hard for me to even remember the person I was before my amazing change. I didn’t walk anywhere and couldn’t wash my car or walk my dog. Today I do these simple tasks without even thinking about them. But the change didn’t happen overnight. I had to exercise with patience and perseverance (坚持）. I decided to take it one day at a time and stick with if for good.The “new me” is more self-confident and healthier. I love how I feel now.I have more energy and feel like I’m 25 again. So why not give Weight Watchers a try if you have the same overweight problem?4. The underlined word “inspired” in the second paragraph can be replaced byA. excitedB. movedC. encouragedD. forced5. We can learn from the passage that the writer .A. often went shopping before she lost weightB. was overweight when she was a childC. ever wanted to give up losing weightD. now is more confident than before6. This passage is written to .A. tell us how to gain self-confidenceB. show off the great progress that the author has madeC. give us some tips on how to lose weight quicklyD. advise overweight people to give Weight Watchers a try7. Which of the following word will you use to describe the writer?A. Weak.B. Calm.C. Patient.D. Silent.CPeople who often eat nuts appear to live longer, according to the latest study of its kind. The findings, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, suggested the greatest benefit was in those eating them on their daily diet.Eating nuts was linked to a healthier lifestyle including being less likely to smoke or be overweight and more likely to exercise. The British Heart Foundation said more research was needed to prove the link, “While this is an interesting link, we need further research to make sure if it's the nuts that protect heart health, or other sides of people’s lifestyle .”The study followed nearly 120,000 people for 30 years. The more regularly people ate nuts, the less likely they were to die during the study. People eating nuts once a week were 11% less likely to have died during the study than those who never ate nuts. Lead researcher Dr. Charles Fuchs, from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, said, “The most obvious benefit was a decrease of 29%in deaths from heart disease, but we also saw a significant reduction-11%-in the danger of dying from cancer.”They suggest nuts are lowering cholesterol(胆固醇). and insulin resistance(胰岛素抗性). Nuts contain unsaturated fat(不饱和脂肪), protein(蛋白质) and several kinds of vitamins and minerals and they can take the place of snacks like chocolate bars, cakes and biscuits.Victoria Taylor, senior expert at the British Heart Foundation, said, “This study shows close connection between regularly eating a small handful of nuts and a lower risk of death from heart disease.” Choosing plain, unsalted foods rather than sweet, salted, or chocolate-covered will keep your salt and sugar intake down.8. According to the passage, what kind of people benefit most form eating nuts?A. Those who eat most nuts at a time.B. Those who eat most nuts.C. Those who eat nuts on their daily diet.D. Those who eat less nuts.9. Which kind of disease had a most decrease for regular nuts eater?A. CancerB. Heart diseaseC. Stomach diseaseD. Unknown10. The writer developed the article mainly by .A. providing factsB. giving exampleC. listing dataD. comparing the difference11. Which section should the passage be taken from the newspaper?A. Science sectionB. Health sectionC. Entertainment sectionD. Tech sectionDOn the third Sunday in June, Americans take time to recognize and thank a special person in the family -fathers! Father’s Day celebrates the importance of fathers, young and old and the men thought of as father figures.The words "the child is father of the man" come from William Wordsworth’s poem My Heart Leaps Up. "It means people’s personalities form when they are children. They will most likely have the same qualities as an adult that they had as a child.Used in everyday speech, one could say, "In his case, the child was father of the man; he loved nature as a child and now works as a botanist(植物学家)".Let’s say you want to tell a child a story about something that happened long before they were born. You could say it happened when they “were just a twinkle in their father's eyes.” This expression has a humorous and dreamy feel. Here, the word “twinkle” suggests the interest your father had in your mother.When a much older man is interested in a much younger woman and supports her with his money, he is called he “sugar daddy.” The money part is very important-that's the sugar.Sometimes fathers are not a good influence or active in the lives of the children. In that case, a person may look for a father figure, a man who is not actually the person's father but who acts like one.The relationship between a man and his son can be complex. But the relationship between a father and daughter is often simpler. The expression “daddy’s little girl” is understood to mean that, in a father’s eyes, his daughter can do no wrong.There is usually not a dry eye at any wedding during the traditional father-and-daughter dance, especially if they are dancing to a song like Michael Buble’s “Daddy's Little Girl.”12. If a boy behaves just like his father, we can say .A. he is just a twinkle in his father’s eyesB. he is his sugar daddyC. like father, like sonD. the child is father of the man13. What do you know about “the child is father of the man”?A. A child is often spoiled by his father.B. People’s characters are formed when young.C. A boy will become a father when growing up.D. A child always shows his true nature.14. According to the passage, the song Daddy’s Little Girl is likely to beA. movingB. SorrowfulC. CrazyD. funny15. The author writes the passage mainly to .A. introduce the origin of Father’s DayB. show a boy should respect his fatherC. explain the importance of fathersD. tell people several expressions about father.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
英语_2020-2021学年江苏省某校高二(上)期末英语试卷(含答案)
2020-2021学年江苏省某校高二（上）期末英语试卷第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分37.5分）第一节（共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. Dogs are man's best friend. If you plan on buying a dog, try to put in a little bit of research. You will find out that there are plenty of dog breeds（品种） to choose from, but some are more expensive than others. Not just in terms of the price, but also grooming（梳理） and medical expenses.In this list, we will cover the most expensive dog breeds in the world that you can buy. We'll even include the dog's price tag, washing expenses, and average health care costs.Kerry Blue TerrierWith a price at ＄600, this dog might be inexpensive. However, due to their many health concerns, health care costs can reach up to ＄7, 000. If taken good care of, they can live up to 15 years.Great DaneThe Great Dane breed is a big dog with an average price of ＄800. This breed has a life expectancy（期限） of 7 to 10 years. The average health care costs are expected to be around ＄7, 100.Bernese Mountain DogThe purchase price for one of these huge 120﹣pound dogs is around ＄800. This breed has many health concerns which will cost you around ＄6, 500.German ShepherdKnown for their cleverness as a sheepherder, the price for one is around ＄800. Although they can live for up to 13 years, their health care costs up to ＄20, 500. What causes their health care to be so expensive is treating common health conditions.（1）What is important to a life length of a Kerry Blue Terrier？________A Good care.B Enough food.C Proper exercise.D Daily companion.．（2）What is special about German Shepherd？________A It costs the most to care.B It is the cheapest to get.C It can live up to 15 years.D It is the strongest dog.．（3）Which would you buy if you want to spend less than ＄7，500， including health care cost？________A Great Dane.B German Shepherd.C Kerry Blue Terrier.D Bernese Mountain Dog.．2. The western green mamba（绿曼巴蛇）, a kind of snake, is between 5.9 feet and 10.5 feet long. This makes the western green mamba the second longest poisonous snake in Africa, with the black mamba being the first.The western green mamba is, however, the most agile（敏捷的） snake in the mamba family. Their skin color is greenish yellow or live green, which helps them to hide in the environment. One other important feature of the snake is its long tail with a sharp point.The western green mamba can be found in West Africa. They often live in rain forests. Being an ________ species, these snakes spend most of their time moving among the tree tops. They are also used to moving on the ground and will commonly leave their trees to run after a potential meal on the ground. The western green mamba is mostly active in the daytime, but can also be seen hunting at night from time to time.The diet of a western green mamba is made up of birds and all kinds of small animals such as squirrels, mice and even bats. These snakes can get close to their target with the help of their natural skin color. When they are close enough, they bite the target with poisonous teeth quickly. Once the target has died, the western green mamba will swallow it whole. If these snakes are faced with danger, they will try to run away. If they have no way to run away, however, they will become very aggressive and attack their enemies with their sharp teeth repeatedly.The female western green mamba is the one who lay eggs. They will lay from 5 to 15 eggs. The young snakes are completely independent after birth. The mother and father play no part in raising the baby snakes. The babies are born with everything they need to survive in the wilderness. If they can reach adulthood, then they will have almost no natural predators. The western green mamba is not dying out. But its biggest threat comes from people and the damage they can bring to their homes. Hopefully, the western green mamba can continue to live alongside people and never have to worry that they will die out.（1）What do we know about the western green mamba？________A They are less poisonous than the black mamba.B Their skin colors help them hide from others.C They are usually seen looking for food at nightD They are the longest poisonous snake in Africa .．（2）The underlined word "arboreal" in Paragraph 3 probably means________.A living in hotelsB living in the waterC living in the grassD living in trees．（3）If a western green mamba has no way to escape， it will________.A hide itself into the environment nearbyB fight against the enemybravely C change its natural skin color D swallow the enemy whole．（4）Which of the following is TRUE about young snakes？________A They can take care of each other.B They have no natural predators.C They don't need their parents' care after birth.D They lay from five to fifteen eggs at a time.．3. Data collected by the World Food Program shows that every year over 847 million people worldwide suffer from malnutrition and about 3.1 million children under the age of 5 die of starvation.While dealing with world hunger is an important thing for scientists, it is noteasy, considering natural resources. But thanks to new ideas like Livingbox, there may be some hope.The Israeli scientists Nitzan Solan and Moti Cohen say Livingbox is an environment﹣friendly ecosystem made of some connected boxes to form a mini﹣farm. This means that the vegetables are grown in water instead of soil.While professional farmers have been doing that for years, Livingbox is the first system built to gain nutrients from common waste. Better yet, it can run without electricity and requires no farming skills to keep. This means that city people who cannot get fresh vegetables can use Livingbox to grow vegetables.It is easy for all farmers to set up the boxes. Then they fill them with fresh water and add the required seeds. As soon as they add one or all three types of waste, the system will self﹣produce the nitrogen needed for the plants to take root.Those that use fish waste have a double advantage﹣they can cultivate both fish and vegetables at the same time. The fish can provide the waste needed for the plants to grow, while the plants naturally filter the water and help keep a clean home for the fish.Once the vegetables are ready to pick, farmers simply harvest them and begin the cycle all over again. While the 15﹣square foot box provides enough vegetables for a family of four, it is easy to make a larger Livingbox in order to build larger farms.The one thing that can prevent Livingbox from being used in developing countries is the cost. However, some businessmen with several non﹣profit organizations have promised to keep it affordable, so that poor people living in cities of developing countries can get the chance to eat nutritious food.（1）Why do scientists find it hard to solve world hunger？________A Because it needs a lot of money to solve the problem.B Because there are too many people are starving in the world.C Because the population grows rapidly and there are not enough resources.D Because most of the natural resources have been damaged.．（2）What do we know about Livingbox？________A It is not harmful to the environment.B It is made of boxes filled with richsoil. C It requires electricity. D It requires farmers to learn some special skills.．（3）Livingbox is designed to________.A help developing countries become richB get rid of the waste produced byanimals C get clean water for people living in cities D let poor people living in cities get fresh vegetables．（4）From the last two paragraphs， we can infer that________.A farmers can use the boxes againB it will not cost much money to buildLivingbox C Livingbox has been built by businessmen in the world D Livingbox has become popular in developing countries．4. Women who own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a common parasite that can be caught from cat litter, a study has found.Researchers found women infected with the Toxoplasma gondii （T. gondii） parasite（刚地弓形虫）, which is spread through contact with cat waste or eating undercooked meat or unwashed vegetables, are at increased risk of attempting suicide.The study involved more than 45, 000 women in Denmark. About a third of the world's population is infected with the parasite, which hides in cells in the brain and muscles, oftenwithout producing symptoms. The infection, which is called toxoplasmosis（弓形虫病）, has been linked to mental illness, such as schizophrenia（精神分裂症）, and changes in behavior.The study's senior author Doctor Teodor Postolache, an associate professor of psychiatry （精神病学） at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in the UnitedStates, said, "We can't say with certainty that T. gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves, but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies."Doctor Albert Reece, vice president of medical affairs at the University ofMaryland, said, "T. gondii infection is a major public health problem around the world, and many people don't realize they're infected."Dr Postolache is a leading expert on suicide neuroimmunology（神经免疫学）. Suicide is a critically important mental health issue. About one million people commit suicide and another 10 million attempt suicide worldwide each year. We hope that this type of research will one day help us find ways to save many lives that now end too early in suicide."Dr. Postolache's research team at the University of Maryland was the first to report a connection between T. gondii and suicidal behavior in 2009. He is cooperating with researchers in Denmark, Germany and Sweden to confirm and investigate the way leading to this association.The T. gondii parasite thrives in the intestines of cats, and it is spread through their waste. All warm﹣blooded animals can become infected through contact with it. Humans can become infected by changing their infected cats' litter boxes, eating unwashed vegetables, drinking water from a polluted source, or by eating undercooked or raw meat. Not washing kitchen knives after preparing raw meat before handling another food item also can lead to infection. Pregnant women can pass the parasite directly to their unborn babies and are advised not to change cat litter boxes to avoid possible infection.Babies don't produce antibodies to T. gondii for three months after they are born, so the antibodies present in their blood represented infection in the mothers. The scientists studied Danish health patients to determine if any of these women later attempted suicide, including cases of violent suicide attempts which may have involved guns, sharp instruments and jumping from high places.The study found that women infected with T. gondii were one and a half times more likely to attempt suicide compared to those who were not infected, and the risk seemed to rise with increasing levels of the T. gondii antibodies.Dr. Postolache noted limitations to the study, such as the inability to determine the cause of the suicidal behavior.The findings were published online in the Archives of General Psychiatry.（1）The common way which is more likely to be infected with the disease is________.A to eat unwashed vegetables or undercooked meatB to clean a place where a cat once lived for a timeC to pass the infection to her unborn baby during a woman's pregnancyD to reuse kitchen tools which have been used to cut raw meat．（2）What is the consequence if a woman is infected with the parasite in the passage？________A Having a high fever.B Doing deliberate self﹣harm.C Keeping a depressed mood.D Becoming bad tempered.．（3）What can be inferred from the passage？________A Women have a higher risk to be infected by the parasite than men.B The result of the research may help the scientists to find ways to stop suicide in advance.C The scientists will continue their research into the possible connection.D The risk of being infected seems to rise with the decreasing levels of the antibodies.．（4）Which of the following statements would probably be the best title of the passage？________A Why are women more likely to commit suicide？B Women should keep away from cats.C Ways found to deal with women's mental problems.D Are women who own cats at a suicide risk？．第二节（共1小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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江苏省南京市中华中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期末检测英语试题一、阅读选择Greenland is the biggest island in the world. And the ice sheet that sits atop it is massive. “The pile of ice being so thick, it extends more than 10, 000 feet above the ocean. And if all that ice were to melt and go into the ocean, global sea levels would rise by 24 feet everywhere around the world,” said Jason Briner, a geologist at the University at Buffalo. The ice sheet is melting, of course. But just how much, compared to the past?Briner’s team did a com puter simulation（模拟)of the southwest of the Greenland ice sheet, which he says is a good proxy for ice melt across the entire ice sheet. The researchers plugged past climate data into that model to “hindcast”, rather than forecast, the past activity of the ice sheet. They then checked the model’s predictions of the past shape and size ofthe ice sheet by looking at piles of rocks and dirt on Greenland today, which outline the edges of ancient ice. And the simulation was in good agreement with the actual situation.Using that reconstruction of the ice sheet over time, the team could compare the ice sheet’s historic losses to those happening today under human-caused global warming. And they determined that Greenland is on track to lose more ice this century than during any century in the past 12, 000 years — possibly four times as much. The results appear in the journal Nature.Ultimately it’s up to us how much ice actually melts. “Hu manity has the button — the carbon button — and that button is going to influence the rates of ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet.” If the world goes net carbon zero by 2100, for example, Briner says ice loss could stop, entirely at the end of the centu ry, according to one model. “That was what kept me from being compl etely depressed about our study. ” Dozens of countries have already announced goals to go net carbon zero by the middle of this century — so far the U. S. is not one of them.1．What does th e underlined word “proxy” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．Combination. B．Example. C．Recommendation. D．Interpretation.2．What do we learn from the computer simulation done by Briner’s team?A．It is conducted by predicting the activity of the ice sheet.B．It centers on ice melt throughout the entire ice sheet.C．It shows the ice sheet’s losses are in decline.D．It consists with the ice sheet’s actual circumstance.3．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A．Greenland Is Melting FasterB．Global Sea Levels Are RisingC．America Causes the Ice Sheet to MeltD．Man Can Conquer Nature【答案】1．D2．D3．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。
讲述了一项研究：纽约州立大学水牛城分校的地质学家布里纳的团队通过对格陵兰冰原西南部进行了一次计算机模拟发现，格陵兰岛在本世纪将失去的冰比过去12000年的任何一个世纪都要多，可能是过去的四倍。
说明了格陵兰正在加速融化。
1．词句猜测题。
根据上文中“Briner’s team did a computer simulation(模拟)of the southwest of the Greenland ic e sheet, ”（Briner的团队做了一个格陵兰冰原冰盖西南部的计算机模拟），可以推测,划线部分所在句子是指“这是对整个冰盖融化的一个很好的诠释/解释”，划线词与选项D Interpretation.“解释”意思相近。
故选D。
2．推理判断题。
根据第二段最后一句“And the simulation was in good agreement with the actual situation.”（仿真结果与实际情况吻合较好。
）可知，这与冰原的实际情况相符，故选D。
3．主旨大意题。
结合文章第二段中“Briner’s te am did a computer simulation（模拟）of the southwest of the Greenland ice sheet, which he says is a good proxy for ice melt across the entire ice sheet. ”（布里纳的团队做了一个格陵兰冰原冰盖西南部的计算机模拟，他说这是整个冰盖融化的很好的诠释。
）及第二段最后一句“And the simulation was in good agreem ent with the actual situation.”（模拟结果与实际情况吻合）；第三段中“And they determined that Greenland is on track to lose more ice this century than during any century inthe past 12, 000 years —possibly four times as much.”（他们断定格陵兰岛在本世纪将失去的冰比过去12000年的任何一个世纪都要多，可能是过去的四倍。
）可知，全文说明了格陵兰岛的冰正在加速融化。
因此推断A项“格陵兰地的冰融化速度更快了”为最佳标题，概括了文章大意。
故选A。
Portraits as ArtAccording to a dictionary, portraiture is “a representation (描绘) of a person, especially of the face by drawing or painting a likeness.” However, this definition neglects the complexities of portraiture. Portraits are works of art that engage with ideas of identity rather than just a likeness. These concepts of identity involve social rank, gender, age, profession, character of the subject, etc. It is impossible to copy all the aspects of identity. Therefore, portraits reflect only certain qualities of subjects. Portrait art has also undergone significant shifts in artistic practice. The majority of portraits are the outcome of current artistic fashions and favored styles. Therefore, portrait art is an art category providing various engagement with social, psychological, and artistic practices and expectations.Since portraits are different from other art categories, they are worthy of separate study. During their production, portraits require the presence of a specific person, or an image of the individual. In many instances, the production of portraiture has required sittings, which result in interaction between the subject(s) and the artist throughout the creation of the work. In certain instances, portrait artists depended on a combination of different involvement with their subjects. If the sitter can’t sit in the studio regularly, portraitists could use his or her photographs. In Europe, during the seventeenth and eighteenth century, the sitting time was sometimes decreased by focusing only on the head. Theoretically, portraitists could work from impressions or memories when creating a painting, but this rarely occurred according to documented records. Nonetheless, whether the work is based on model sittings, copying a photograph, or using memory, the process of painting a portrait is linked with the model’s attendance.Furthermore, portrait painting can be distinguished from other artistic categories by its connection with appearance, or likeness. As such, the art of portrait painting got a reputation for imitation instead of for artistic innovation. Based on Renaissance art theory, portraiture was related to the level of a mechanical exercise as opposed to a fine art. Michelangel o’s well-known protest against portraits is only one example. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the attitude to portraiture was critical. Even so, artists from around the globepersisted in painting portraits despite their theoretical objections. Picasso, for example, became widely-known for cubist still-life painting (立体派静物画) early in his career, but some of his early experiments in this new style were his portraits of art dealers.4．What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A．The changing definition of portraiture reflects shifting attitudes to it.B．Most portraits reflect artistic fashions and favored styles when created.C．Portraiture is a more complex art form than is defined in a dictionary.D．Portrait art shouldn’t be seen as a distinct art c ategory for its complexity.5．Which of the following is a characteristic of portraiture mentioned in paragraph 2? A．Portraiture typically takes much less time than other art forms.B．Portraiture often requires frequent cooperation between artists.C．Portraits show models in a more accurate way than other art forms.D．Portraits generally involve interaction between subjects and artists.6．According to paragraph 2, during portraits’ production, artists __________.A．based their work on the subjects’ attendanc eB．preferred models’ phot ographs to their presenceC．were more willing to use impressions or memoriesD．reduced sitting time to concentrate on a sitter’s head7．Picasso is chosen as an example by the author because he __________.A．altered the way other artists felt about portrait artB．created portraits in spite of his objection to portrait artC．depended on portrait art to establish a higher reputationD．had fewer theoretical objections to portraitures than others【答案】4．C5．D6．A7．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了肖像画艺术，它是一种比字典中定义的更复杂的艺术形式。