广东省深圳市名校2023-2024学年高一上学期期中联考语文试题(含答案)

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广东省云浮市2023-2024学年高一上学期语文期中考试试卷(含答案)

广东省云浮市2023-2024学年高一上学期语文期中考试试卷(含答案)

广东省云浮市2023-2024学年高一上学期语文期中考试试卷阅卷人一、现代文阅读(35分)得分现代文阅读Ⅰ材料一:乡土社会在地方性的限制下成了生于斯、死于斯的社会。

常态的生活是终老是乡。

假如在一个村子里的人都是这样的话,在人和人的关系上也就发生了一种特色,每个孩子都是在人家眼中看着长大的,在孩子眼里周围的人也是从小就看惯的。

这是一个“熟悉”的社会,没有陌生人的社会。

在社会学里,我们常分出两种不同性质的社会:一种并没有具体目的,只是因为在一起生长而发生的社会;一种是为了要完成一件任务而结合的社会。

前者是礼俗社会,后者是法理社会。

生活上被土地所囿住的乡民,他们平素所接触的是生而与俱的人物,正像我们的父母兄弟一般,并不是由于我们选择得来的关系,而是无须选择,甚至先我而在的一个生活环境。

熟悉是从时间里、多方面、经常的接触中所发生的亲密的感觉。

这感觉是无数次的小磨擦里陶炼出来的结果。

这过程是《论语》第一句里的“习”字。

“学”是和陌生事物的最初接触,“习”是陶炼,“不亦说乎”是描写熟悉之后的亲密感觉。

在一个熟悉的社会中,我们会得到从心所欲而不逾规矩的自由。

这和法律所保障的自由不同。

规矩不是法律,规矩是“习”出来的礼俗。

从俗即是从心。

换一句话说,社会和个人在这里通了家。

“我们大家是熟人,打个招呼就是了,还用得着多说么?”——这类的话已经成了我们现代社会的阻碍。

现代社会是个陌生人组成的社会,各人不知道各人的底细,所以得讲个明白;还要怕口说无凭,画个押,签个字。

这样才发生法律。

在乡土社会中法律是无从发生的。

“这不是见外了么?”乡土社会里从熟悉得到信任。

这信任并非没有根据的,其实最可靠也没有了,因为这是规矩。

西洋的商人到现在还时常说中国人的信用是天生的。

类于神话的故事真多:说是某人接到了大批瓷器,还是他祖父在中国时订的货,一文不要地交了来,还说着许多不能及早寄出的抱歉话。

——乡土社会的信用并不是对契约的重视,而是发生于对一种行为的规矩熟悉到不假思索时的可靠性。

广东省佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高一上学期期中学业水平测试语文试题(含答案)

广东省佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高一上学期期中学业水平测试语文试题(含答案)

佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高一上学期期中学业水平测试语文试卷本试卷共8页,23小题,满分150分。

考试用时150分钟。

注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。

2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。

答案不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液,不按以上要求作答无效。

4.号生必须保持答题卡的整清。

一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成小题。

材料一:若我们分析一个农村社会组织,在一般人民,文字的用处是很有限的。

在天天见面的团体中,知识的传递,言语自然比文字为简便而切实。

人口流动率低,因地域上的膈膜而利用文字来传递消息的需要当然亦少,所以信札在农村是不常见的。

社会不在激变之中,在时间上所发生需要记忆的事非但少而且需要记着的时间亦短,需借文字帮忙之处因之不多。

若是“文盲”比“不文盲”的人在生活上并不吃亏时,当然不愿费本钱来“治盲”了。

我并不是说在乡村中文字没有用处,只是普通人民用着文字的地方很少。

一乡的领袖则需要较深的文字知识,因为他是一乡的顾问,有重要的信札须由他代笔。

以前的私塾制度是在这种社会需要之下发生的。

那些贵族性质的“西席”式私塾是专门造就成一乡的领袖,所以在学的时期较长,那平民性质的“开门聚徒”式私塾,年限随学生自己决定,平时若工作忙碌尽可随意不去上学,识几个字就算了。

到民国二年私塾被学校代替了,在这个时期,教育制度并没有标准化,小学教员可以独出心裁来决定教材。

江村的小学就由一位做过“西席”又受过“师范”训练的乡绅主持。

他和我追述他当时的教材说:“我觉得一个小学毕业生一定得会应付社会上普通文字的需要,至少要会打算盘,会写红白份子,会记账,会写条子。

广东省深圳市2023-2024年七年级上学期语文期中考试试卷(含答案)

广东省深圳市2023-2024年七年级上学期语文期中考试试卷(含答案)

广东省深圳市2023-2024年七年级上学期语文期中考试试卷姓名:__________班级:__________考号:__________题号一二三总分评分一、基础(26分)班级开展主题为“人与自然”的综合性学习活动,请你完成下列任务。

风是自然界中最常见的一种天气现象之一。

地球表面被厚厚的大气层包裹..,作为流体,大气A▲(每时每刻无时无刻)都处于运动之中,它在水平方向的B▲(转移移动)被称为风。

风①▲(lìlín)人间,在文学作品中留下许多踪影,它曾②▲(xiǎo xīn yìyì)地在世界玩耍,把细柳装扮成碧玉,让海棠“绿肥红瘦”,也曾无情地打在雪夜回家之人的身上。

③____,风既没有那么自由自在,也不敢肆意妄为,而是经常被神魔控制着。

1.【任务一】识字辨词;根据语境,写出拼音所对应的汉字。

①lìlín②xiǎo xīn yìyì2.请从括号里的一组反义词或同义词中选择一个合适的词语填空。

A B3.请判断下面句子中加点词语的词性。

①这个包裹..已经写好投寄的地址、收件人的姓名。

词性:②地球表面被厚厚的大气层包裹..。

词性:4.【任务二】语句梳理画波浪线的句子有语病,下列修改正确的一项是()A.风是最常见的自然界中一种天气现象。

B.风自然界中最常见的一种天气现象。

C.风是自然界中最常见的一种天气现象。

D.风是一种自然界中最常见的天气现象之一。

5.下列填入③处横线上的语句,衔接恰当的一项是()A.不过在小说《西游记》中B.以小说《西游记》为例C.小说《西游记》也不例外D.所以在小说《西游记》中6.【任务三】创意表达小雅有感于自然的和谐与美好,写下一组排比句,请你补写两个句子,使语意连贯。

握手,是心灵的交流。

自然万物,常常因握手而孕育出美好的境界。

微风与湖水握手,荡漾出轻柔的涟漪;,;,。

7.古诗文默写。

主题古诗文名句出处自然美景①水何澹澹,。

广东省深圳市深圳高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题

广东省深圳市深圳高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题

广东省深圳市深圳高级中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、阅读理解V olunteering is a great way for teenagers to make a difference and meet new people. There are many different types of volunteer opportunities for teens available. Here are a few volunteer opportunities that you could enoourage your teen to take up.Help a local food bankFood banks always welcome donations and new volunteers. They provide perfect volunteering opportunities for those who are interested in helping the homeless. Your teen would he involved in anything, from preparing meas to working behind the scenes to repackage donated food items, serving food, and carrying boxes.Help at a soup kitchenA soup kitchen is one of the places where the hungry can get free or affordable meals (usually soup and bread). Most soup kitchens run primarily on donations and the generosity of people. As a soup kitchen volunteer, your child may be made to clean the tables and utensils(餐具), help distribute food, cook food, and more.V olunteer for Meals on WheelsBy volunteering for Meals on Wheels, your teen will deliver nutritious meals to the elderly or the disabled. It’s perfect for teens who have just received their driving license and love any reason to get behind the wheel! They can make a massive impact in a short amount of time. Alternatively, your teen can also volunteer in their kitchen and prepare meals for delivery. With a simple gesture, your teen can bring millions of smiles to people’s lives.Work with Habitat for HumanityHabitat for Humanity’s mission is to build or improve a place that someone could call home. Besides helping the community, your teen will learn valuable skills such as repairing, fundraising, painting, and building. You can sign them up for long-term projects or a one-time program.1.What do a food bank and a soup kitchen have in common?A.They have their sources of food.B.Volunteers need to price the food.C.They provide food for volunteers.D.The locations are approachable.2.Who would be the most suitable for Meals on Wheels?A.Lucy, who likes cooking.B.Linda, who likes drawing.C.Jack, who can drive a car.D.Peter, who can play football.3.Which would you choose if you want to learn some skills?A.A local food bank.B.A local soup kitchen.C.Meals on Wheels.D.Habitat for Humanity.Leek Town Warriors was a girls’ football team Which used to get routinely defeated every time they turned out, until James Henry stepped in two years ago. He took the job when the previous coach quit and transformed the team’s fortunes.With the help of his assistant Andy Austin, they started training hard in April 2020.Some players had never kicked a football before joining the team, so training them took hours of hard work and patience. After a good few weeks, they got down to training and really started to take it in what the coach wanted. “I insist on doing the basic stuff well and letting the girls decide what they feel they need to work on.” James said.James’ first season was ruined by the pandemic, which forced him and Andy to get creative with training. They organized team-building activities with the girls to help them bond on and off the field. James then spent the sessions they could hold focusing on the basics of football like passing and shooting, bringing the girls up to a good standard.James watched the girls develop over the course of last year, and in September they played their first match of the new season. They won the game, and since then went on an unbeaten run of eight games. The team’s star player, 15-year-old Chelsea, has also impressed the audience individually,becoming the top scorer in the league with incredible 30 goals.James said, “All the effort that the girls, us coaches and parents have put in to get this point has been enormous. If I hadn’t had the Support of Andy helping me every week, this would have been an impossible task. So I’m incredibly grateful to have him on side. All we want is to bring more girls into the game and show that it’s not all about having the best players; it’s about hard work and giving everyone the chance to play.”4.Why did James Henry take over the soccer team?A.Because he wanted to try his fortune.B.Because he wanted to turn things around.C.Because the previous coach recommended him.D.Because he hoped to fulfill his champion dream.5.What did James do to change the situation?A.Pick experienced players.B.Develop players’ patience.C.Lay stress on basic skills.D.Make decisions for the girls.6.What did the team achieve after James was in charge?A.They won the league championship.B.They stood out in James’ first season.C.They scored 30 goals in the season.D.They won regularly and secured promotion.7.What can we learn from the story?A.Talent is the key.B.Joint efforts matter.C.Every dog has his day.D.Time and tide wait for no man.A happy beagle (小猎犬) called Bella loves Amazon boxes. It tears into them while ignoring other delivery boxes. Little Bit, a tortoiseshell cat, is similarly consumed — but by socks. It raids (偷袭) the laundry basket in the middle of the night and also paws through the open suitcases of house guests, who almost always find themselves missing a sock in the morning. Pets do some pretty weird things. But these strange behaviors often make perfect sense to the pets, said scientists who study animal behaviors. “These behaviors are not invented on the spot,” said Carlo Siracusa, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. The pets are doing behaviors that their wild ancestors did, but they’ve changed them a bit to fit their new lives as pets.Dogs can be trained to roll over and play dead. But their ancient instincts from their wolf ancestors are still there. Instincts, or instinctive behaviors, are behaviors that are done withoutthinking. They don’t have to be learned. For example, some dogs will scratch the ground after pooping(排便). But they’re not trying to bury their poop. They want other animals to notice it. “They are depositing smell in those areas,” Siracusa said. “It’s almost like drawing a picture with a big red marker around it,” he added.Cats, on the other hand, almost always bury their waste. “They are covering their tracks,” says Monique Udell, an expert on human-animal interactions who works at Oregon State University. Cats are predators, meaning they hunt other animals for food. But other animals hunt them, too. So they don’t want to be seen-or smelled. Mikel Delgado, the founder of a California-based cat behavior consulting service, said that many other cat behaviors, arise from cats’ wild origins.While dogs share many behaviors inherited (继承) from wolves, they’ve also developed a few of their own. “Puppy dog eyes”, the innocent look that many humans are helpless to resist, is one. Over the time period that they’ve lived with people, dogs have developed certain muscles around their eyes. This helps them make the adorable expressions that win over humans. Like wolves, dogs also like to lick faces. Humans think their pets are kissing them, but they are not. “It’s how wolf puppies get food from their parents’ mouths,” Siracusa said. “It also can be a sign of submission. When a lower-ranking individual approaches a higher-ranking one, it gets down real low and licks the dominant one to say: ‘I’m not a threat to you.’”8.What has been done to introduce the topic in Paragraph 1?A.Telling a story.B.Making a comparison.C.Presenting research results.D.Criticizing pets’ bad behaviors. 9.Which can best replace the word “depositing” in Paragraph 2?A.leaving B.hiding C.removing D.detecting 10.Which statement summarizes the third paragraph?A.Cats are interested in burying their waste.B.Humans like the fact that their pet cats bury their waste.C.Pet cats bury their waste because their wild ancestors did so.D.Cats have changed a lot after becoming pets.11.How do wolves show submission to dominant wolves?A.Wolves run energetically around dominant wolves.B.Wolves show dominant wolves “puppy dog eyes”.C.Wolves beg food from dominant wolves.D.Wolves lick dominant wolves’ faces.A new study suggests that science role-playing may help tighten the gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and math(STEM)education and careers for women simply by improving their identity as scientists.Frustrated by the gender gap in STEM, in which some fields employ at least three times more men than women, Cornell graduate student Reut Shachnai wanted to do something about it. Reut said the idea to help foster young girls’ interest in science came to her during a lecture in a class she was taking on Psychology of Imagination.Reut designed an experiment to test if assuming the role of a successful scientist would improve girls’ persistence in a “sink or float” science game. The game itself was simple yet challenging: a computer screen projected a slide with an object in the center above a pool of water. Kids then had to predict whether the object would sink or float.She studied 240 four -to -seven -year -olds, because this is around the time kids first develop their sense of identity and capabilities. They were divided into two groups. Children in the “story” group learned about the successes and struggles of a gender -matched scientist before playing the game. Boys heard about Isaac Newton and girls were told about Marie Curie. Children in the “pretend” group were told to assume the identity of the scientist they just learned about.All kids played at least one round of the game. No matter what group they were in, girls got the answers right just as often as boys -nearly 70% of the time. Boys, however, didn’t really benefit from the stories or make-believe. Besides, girls pretending to be Dr. Marie persisted twice as long at the sink-or-float game, playing just as much as the boys did.Reut’s teacher Tamar Kushnir said, “Rather than merely hearing about role models, children may benefit from actively performing the type of actions they see role models perform. In other words, taking a few steps in the role model’s shoes, instead of merely observing her walk.”12.Why did Reut design a “sink or float” science game?A.To handle the gender gap in STEM.B.To attach importance to STEM.C.To draw kids’ attention to STEM.D.To compare boys’ and girls’ persistence. 13.What can we infer from the sink-or-float game?A.Kids enjoyed listening to scientists’ stories.B.Boys avoided playing make-believe games.C.Girls performed as well as boys in science.D.Children followed Dr. Marie to explore science.14.What is Tamar Kushnir’s attitude towards kids’ assuming identity as scientists?A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.C.Indifferent.D.Negative. 15.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Girls should get recognition like boys B.A fine example has boundless power for kidsC.Girls can work on more science games D.Make-believe exercises benefit girls in STEM二、七选五Find it hard to get started? Try these suggestions to help you rise and shine — and be effective from morning till night.● Get up earlierSleeping in can be a hard habit to break. Actually, it involves two things — going to bed earlier and getting up earlier. Start off by going to bed 15 minutes before your usual turn-in time and setting your alarm the same number of minutes earlier the next day. 16 .● Have a good stretch in bedBefore you even open your eyes, stretch every extremity (四肢) for 15 seconds. Lift your arm and begin by stretching each finger, next your hand, and then your arm. 17 . End with a neck and back stretch that gets you out of bed. By doing this, you will enhance the flow of blood through your system, providing your tissues with extra oxygen.● 18The fewer choices you have to make, the better. Before going to bed, decide what you’re going to wear, work out which route you’ll take to work and what you’ll pack in your bag.● Consult your morning calendarHang a large whiteboard in your kitchen. On it, write down all you need to know for that particular day, from doctor appointments to what you’re doing with your friends. Check it carefully while you sip your first cup of coffee or tea. 19 .● Get moving20 . But if you can get yourself into the habit, exercising in the morning can give you energy to jump-start your day.A.Plan aheadB.Move on to your toes, feet and legsC.It will help you to structure your dayD.Spend less time choosing things when packingE.Morning exercise can get you refreshed quicklyF.If you’re a night owl, an early morning jog might sound like punishmentG.Gradually reset your sleep cycle until you get to your desired wake-up time三、完形填空Several months ago, a tornado fiercely hit our city without any signs before. We hadn’thappened not to be in the classroom when it attacked. Hearing the alarm screaming, I rushed21.A.paid B.searched C.accounted D.prepared 22.A.agency B.education C.emergency D.selection 23.A.suddenly B.finally C.secretly D.immediately 24.A.games B.trainings C.languages D.savings 25.A.mixed up B.stood out C.lined up D.spoken out 26.A.panic B.anger C.shame D.puzzle 27.A.encounter B.comfort C.satisfy D.praise 28.A.problem B.result C.success D.reason 29.A.hate B.expect C.see D.approach 30.A.simple B.ideal C.scary D.strange 31.A.follow B.provide C.repeat D.change 32.A.fortunate B.honest C.confident D.brave 33.A.trust B.pride C.interest D.growth 34.A.reward B.power C.wisdom D.goal 35.A.chances B.challenges C.adventures D.discussions四、单项选择36.Most players of the basketball team, _______ had tried their best to play the game, were sleeping soundly.A.which B.who C.where D.that37.All the apples _______ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.A.which B.they C.that D.as38.________ is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses, but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.A.As B.It C.Which D.What 39.Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales.A.where B.which C.whose D.when 40.Between the two halves of the football game is a 15-minute break, __________ the audience can have a rest.A.when B.where C.which D.that 41.Look at the ink wash painting ________ our boss spent a great fortune. Isn’t itbreath-taking?A.that B.which C.for what D.on which 42.America has more than fifty states, ________, Kentucky, is the place________ Abraham Lincoln was born.A.one of them; where B.one of them; thatC.one of which; that D.one of which; where43.I showed an old friend of mine around the city, ________ surprise, the changes had been so great.A.whose B.which C.to which D.to whose 44.________ to compete in the Olympic Games for the first time?A.When do you suppose women were allowedB.When do you suppose women allowedC.When do you suppose were women allowedD.Do you suppose when women were allowed45.Green tourism________no harm to our environment and will be a new way for us to enjoy ourselves.A.do B.does C.did D.doing46.As a matter of fact, it was her hardworking spirit _______ motivated me to work together with her.A.that B.how C.which D.what 47.With China’s traditional tea-making added to UNESCO cultural heritage list, 43 items _____ the intangible cultural heritage list in the past few decades.A.entered B.have entered C.enter D.are entering 48.In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up______ him.A.will fall; to help B.falls; to help C.will fall; helpD.falls; helping49.When I ______ your age, I ______ horses every day.A.was; am used to ride B.was; used to ride C.were; use to rideD.am; used to riding50.Helen____her key in the office so she had to wat until her husand____home.A.had left; came B.has left; comesC.left; had come D.had left; would come51.Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor, providing _______ and transportation.A.salary B.credit C.confidence D.company 52.Miss Zhao, a famous professor _______ in Chinese history, will be invited to give a lecture concerning the history of the Silk Road.A.senior B.fluent C.expert D.powerful 53.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to share a meal,_______ the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A.respect B.observe C.admire D.recognize 54.When I turned the handle and found the door was open, a terrible thought _______ me that someone had broken into my house.A.struck B.swept C.tapped D.affected 55.Each player has to play to their _______ and understand what they can do to help the team to win.A.strengths B.path C.style D.responsibility 五、用单词的适当形式完成短文六、根据中英文提示填写单词embarrassed.(根据中英文提示单词拼写)67.Having a p (乐观的) attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)68.The most attractive e (比赛项目) in the sports meet was the gymnastics competition. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)69.The exhausted dancers were a (惊奇的) to see a full and noisily excited house when the curtain rose. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)70.Two groups of students were sent to a (安排) the books in the library. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)71.The u (独特的) feature of China’s history is the inheritance of a long unbroken civilization and culture. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)72.A new school and a new group of classmates offer more chances to e (探索) some new interests. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)73.O (组织) by the Students’ Union, the next activity in the series will be scheduled in May. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)74.Out of c (好奇), she opened the envelope to find nothing but a piece of white paper. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)75.It is highly r (建议) that we keep a balanced diet to take in as much nutritious and diverse food as possible. (根据中英文提示单词拼写)七、根据所给汉语提示填空Monday. (根据汉语提示完成句子)80.The biggest benefit of being a captain is that it teaches me to be responsible and(树立榜样) lower grade students. (根据汉语提示完成句子)81.(即使) you were busy with your research work, you still spared some time to help me revise my application. (根据汉语提示完成句子)82.Are you (期待) attending such a camp in your summer vacation? (根据汉语提示完成句子)83.Anyone who takes interest in the programme can (报名) at the school website. (根据汉语提示完成句子)84.A simple gesture of kindness can (对……有影响) another person’s whole life. (根据汉语提示完成句子)85.The laughter had not yet quite died from his face, but his eyes widened (震惊). (根据汉语提示完成句子)八、建议信86.假定你是李华,请你给在外地读书并正在生病的朋友王鹏写一封建议信,说明锻炼的重要性和好处,鼓励他积极锻炼身体,从而为更好地学习打下基础。

广东省深圳市2023-2024学年高一上学期语文期中考试试卷(含答案)2

广东省深圳市2023-2024学年高一上学期语文期中考试试卷(含答案)2

广东省深圳市2023-2024学年高一上学期语文期中联合考试试卷姓名:__________班级:__________考号:__________题号一二三四总分评分一、现代文阅读(34分)阅读下面的文字,完成各题。

杂交是提高作物产量的实用技术。

在孟德尔阐述了遗传学原理之后,人类认识到把作物的优秀基因通过杂交组合在一起,就可以获得更为优秀的后代。

道理虽然简单水稻是种特别的植物,它们的雌蕊和雄蕊是同时成熟的,一旦开花,也在很大程度上阻止了杂交的个体出现。

这个难题同样困扰着杂交水稻之父——袁隆平先生。

怎样才能高效地制造出杂交水稻的种子呢?可能有朋友会说,直接把一些水稻花的雄蕊去掉,用其他花朵给它们授粉不就好了。

如果你看过水稻开花,每个稻穗都有几百个雄蕊,要把它们挑拣干净,水稻育种也就进入了“死胡同”。

就在大家埋头寻找剔除水稻雄蕊的方法的时候,袁隆平先生想到了另一条道路——去寻找那些雄蕊本来就不发育的水稻个体。

功夫不负有心人,袁隆平先生在稻田中找到了6株。

天然的雄蕊不发育的水稻植株,这些雄性不育的水稻结出了稻穗,并且它们的后代里面也有雄蕊不发育的个体。

1966年,但是当时这个发现并没有引起大家的注意。

1968年,袁隆平先生的试验受到了阻挠,初露曙光的杂交水稻之路陷入了黑暗。

但是,而是继续开展研究。

大家想要更高更壮的水稻,可是,社会上出现了“杂交无用论”。

袁隆平先生的工作再次陷入了泥沼之中。

为什么杂交后的水稻没有优势呢?主要是因为这些栽培的雄性不育水稻同其他水稻的关系太亲近了。

就像人类近亲结婚,有很大的可能会生下有缺陷的后代一样,这些关系亲近的水稻一样不会有什么太好的结果。

不过,故事并没有这样结束。

在海南发现的一棵雄性不育的野生稻,拯救了杂交水稻事业。

在引入这棵名叫“野败”的水稻个体之后,全国推广杂交水稻208万亩,增产幅度普遍在20%以上。

中国的粮食产量达到了划时代的高度。

1977年,发表了《杂交水稻培育的实践和理论》与《杂交水稻制种与高产的关键技术》两篇重要论文。

广东省东莞市2023-2024学年高一上学期11月期中考试 语文含解析

广东省东莞市2023-2024学年高一上学期11月期中考试 语文含解析

2023-2024学年第一学期高一年级期中考试语文试题一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,19分)(答案在最后)阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。

材料一:中国传统节日有着丰富的文化符号、载体及仪式。

文化符号与载体是节日内涵的重要内容,文化是依靠具体载体来传承的,文化载体让文化变得生动可感,能够给予人们视觉、听觉、触觉的多元享受。

如春节流行的对联、年画、龙灯、窗花、舞龙等;端午节的包粽子、赛龙船;中秋节的月饼、赏月、玩花灯等,都是传统节日符号、载体与仪式感的体现。

作为农历年节文化的主要载体,这不仅是对节日形象的点缀,还是一部地域文化的辞典,也是中华文化传播、信仰传承、道德凝聚、审美形塑的良好载体。

这些节日载体不仅内涵丰富、形式多样,而且展示过程也轻松活泼、贴近自然,使人们在其中体会亲情,感受欢娱,传递温暖。

在传统节日文化符号与载体的建设过程中,要注重挖掘文化性强、参与度高、特色鲜明、群众喜闻乐见、寄托情怀的节日物品和象征物,向世界展示中华文化的独特魅力,增强中国的文化软实力、文化自信和国际竞争力。

中国是礼仪之邦,仪式表达着中国人对事物重要性、价值性的认同,没有仪式感的节日难以让人们对节日产生心理上的认同和依从,而仪式本身又是让人参与进来的重要方式。

一系列依次展开的程序,代表着节日文化内涵的逐层展示,也是让心灵参与其中审美的过程。

在这样一套看似繁琐的仪式里,人们的情感得到表达和宣泄,节日的文化内涵和意义也得到彰显和传承。

仪式让传统节日变得庄重,富有意义,为生活增添了趣味和价值。

通过举办仪式,人们可以领略到人生的美好、自然的瑰丽,人性的善良,感受到对生命的虔诚和更高层次的精神享受。

仪式感让节日成为节日,能唤醒人们内心对于节日的尊重。

当传统节日丧失了仪式感,节日应有的庄重感、吸引力、投入性、参与性也就消失了。

因此,我们要有仪式感地过好传统节日。

传统节日蕴含着敬天爱人、崇尚团圆、以和为贵等精神内核,对传统节日文化内涵和精神内核的挖掘,以及对文化符号、载体、仪式的重视,离不开国家宏观层面的正确引导和积极干预,也需要各类媒体、学者、商家、民俗学家、艺术家等社会主体的共同参与。

广东省深圳市2023-2024学年八年级上学期语文期中试卷(含答案)

广东省深圳市2023-2024学年八年级上学期语文期中试卷(含答案)

广东省深圳市2023-2024学年八年级上学期语文期中试卷姓名:__________ 班级:__________考号:__________阅读下面文字,完成下面小题。

东京也无非是这样。

上野的樱花烂熳的时节,望去确也像绯红的轻云,()花下也缺不了成群结队的“清国留学生”的速成班,头顶上盘着大辫子,顶得学生制帽的顶上高高耸起,形成一座富士山。

也有解散辫子,盘得平的,除下帽来,油光可鉴,宛如小姑娘的发jì一般,还要将脖子扭几扭。

实在标致极了。

1.给加点的字注音并根据拼音写出相应汉字。

耸.()起发jì()2.阅读上面文字,给括号内填入关联词语,恰当的一项是A.虽然B.但C.由于D.所以3.文中画波浪线句子运用了、两种修辞手法。

4.文段中“油光可鉴”中“鉴”的意思是,“实在标致极了”中“标致”的意思是。

5.在下面的人物图片中,不是鲁迅先生的老师的一项是A.镜寿吾先生B.章太炎先生C.藤野先生D.闻一多先生二、句子默写(共10分6.读古诗文,将空缺处的原句书写在横线上。

(1)城阙辅三秦,。

(王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》)(2),归雁入胡天。

(王维《使至塞上》)(3)角声满天秋色里,。

(李贺《雁门太守行》)(4),天与云与山与水,上下一白。

(张岱《湖心亭看雪》)(5)崔颢在《黄鹤楼》中运用对偶的修辞手法,描绘出登楼所见的明丽之景的句子是“,”。

(6)《送东阳马生序》中写自己求学艰难,但不羡慕他人并苦中有乐的句子是“,,,,盖余之勤且艰若此”。

三、文言文阅读。

(共11分阅读下面文言文语段,完成下面小题。

【甲】元丰六年十月十二日夜,解衣欲睡,月色入户,欣然起行。

念无与为乐者,遂至承天寺寻张怀民。

怀民亦未寝,相与步于中庭。

庭下如积水空明,水中藻、荇交横,盖竹柏影也。

何夜无月?何处无竹柏?但少闲人如吾两人者耳。

【乙】余尝寓居惠州嘉祐寺,纵步松风亭下,足力疲乏,思欲就亭止息。

望亭宇尚在木末①,意谓是如何得到?良久,忽曰:“此间有甚么歇不得处?”由是如挂钩之鱼,忽得解脱。

广东省深圳市名校2023-2024学年高一上学期期中联考高一语文试题及答案解析

广东省深圳市名校2023-2024学年高一上学期期中联考高一语文试题及答案解析

广东省深圳市名校2023-2024学年高一上学期期中联考高一语文试题及答案解析考生注意:1.本试卷共150分,考试时间150分钟。

2.请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。

3.本试卷主要考试内容:部编版必修上册第一、三、四、八单元。

一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,17分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。

材料一:“失落”而陷入“抑郁”是现代派诗人对社会现实的基本情感。

这种情感是在“恐惧”的基础上产生的,因为害怕不能充分得到,害怕自己毫无价值,害怕被拒绝或失去某人。

这种情感的形成首先是青年社会人格不成熟的一种表现,由于所知所见还太少,对于现实的评价只能局限于一个小范围,或是个人的一己悲欢,或是阅读中的想象性经验。

凭着这个小范围对整个的社会历史进行评价,难免陷入盲目偏颇、自卑自怜,进而自我封闭,对外部世界采取消极的态度。

他们仿佛已经看破了世间诸相,以一种年轻人特有的单纯执着对人生、人性做形而上的思索,在诗歌创作中给人以凄艳又空灵的惊人美感。

但历史给了他们人格成熟的机会。

抗日战争爆发后的民族危机,不仅激发了知识分子的爱国热情和行动能力,也间接地使一群做梦的年轻人在更广阔的社会现实中磨炼自己,使他们最终找到自己的人生方向,明白自己的价值和目标,了解自己的社会定位和使命,不再“恐惧”,也就不会再“抑郁”。

这也是每个生命个体在成长过程中都会经历的一个普遍过程。

另一方面,三十年代的现代诗派又有一定历史时期的特殊性。

“五四”的历史青春期特征体现为行动的热情-青年有改造社会的决心和勇气,向往着离开旧家庭,到广大社会上干出一番事业,且怀着“改造社会”的启蒙热情,是一种带有强烈理想色彩的青春。

相比之下,三十年代的这群青年则“实际”,只是为了谋生而已,因为这是现代社会文人的一条通路。

他们或参与各较为“自我”的现代派诗人来说,显然进行社会工作是难以胜任的,而从景,因此“文学”变成了不二选择。

他们对“文学”首先是一种爱好,后来“文中专业,再后来成为一份职业(创作、翻译、编辑出版、学院研究)。

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广东省深圳市名校2023-2024学年高一上学期期中联考高一语文考生注意:1.本试卷共150分,考试时间150分钟。

2.请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。

3.本试卷主要考试内容:部编版必修上册第一、三、四、八单元。

一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,17分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。

材料一:“失落”而陷入“抑郁”是现代派诗人对社会现实的基本情感。

这种情感是在“恐惧”的基础上产生的,因为害怕不能充分得到,害怕自己毫无价值,害怕被拒绝或失去某人。

这种情感的形成首先是青年社会人格不成熟的一种表现,由于所知所见还太少,对于现实的评价只能局限于一个小范围,或是个人的一己悲欢,或是阅读中的想象性经验。

凭着这个小范围对整个的社会历史进行评价,难免陷入盲目偏颇、自卑自怜,进而自我封闭,对外部世界采取消极的态度。

他们仿佛已经看破了世间诸相,以一种年轻人特有的单纯执着对人生、人性做形而上的思索,在诗歌创作中给人以凄艳又空灵的惊人美感。

但历史给了他们人格成熟的机会。

抗日战争爆发后的民族危机,不仅激发了知识分子的爱国热情和行动能力,也间接地使一群做梦的年轻人在更广阔的社会现实中磨炼自己,使他们最终找到自己的人生方向,明白自己的价值和目标,了解自己的社会定位和使命,不再“恐惧”,也就不会再“抑郁”。

这也是每个生命个体在成长过程中都会经历的一个普遍过程。

另一方面,三十年代的现代诗派又有一定历史时期的特殊性。

“五四”的历史青春期特征体现为行动的热情-青年有改造社会的决心和勇气,向往着离开旧家庭,到广大社会上干出一番事业,且怀着“改造社会”的启蒙热情,是一种带有强烈理想色彩的青春。

相比之下,三十年代的这群青年则“实际” ,只是为了谋生而已,因为这是现代社会文人的一条通路。

他们或参与各较为“自我”的现代派诗人来说,显然进行社会工作是难以胜任的,而从景,因此“文学”变成了不二选择。

他们对“文学”首先是一种爱好,后来“文中专业,再后来成为一份职业(创作、翻译、编辑出版、学院研究)。

总之,“文学”本身就是目的而不是别的什么-不再是“五四”时期在“启蒙”的大背景下要求文学有助于“改造”社会。

因此,他们的作品还体现出青春期的另外一些特征:感伤、迷惘、缺少功利性的行动而专于形而上的思考。

罗振亚将三十年代现代派诗歌的情感空间以“病态的诗化青春”加以概括,认为其情感是“浊世哀音”,表现了纤弱幽微的现代情绪。

笔者以为这一描述对现代派诗歌的价值未给予充分的正视。

近年来,对现代诗派(以及三十年代的其他现代性创作)的评价,我们不再将其作为“现实主义”的对立面加以斥责,而是肯定其美学价值和它作为左翼主流之外另一种文学形态的合理性。

正如詹明信所说,我们对现代主义往往注意其形式技巧的价值,而经常忽略了现代主义的创作也是有现实内容的,是对社会现实有所反应的。

只不过这种反应,经过了作家主观世界的折射和融汇,“认为现代主义就是主观主义的幻觉必须纠正”。

因此,对现代派诗歌的情感内蕴的“现代”特指,有必要加以重视。

同时,现代派诗人作为敏感的“现代人”,作为一群有着鲜明的青春特征的年轻人,他们的创作,也与自身的社会经历、社会化人格的形成有着密切的联系。

毕竟,一位作家或诗人,首先是作为有着鲜活生命、经历着人生各个成长阶段的个体而存在,而不是天生的“现代派”或“革命者”。

材料二:(摘编自李璐《三十年代现代诗派的青春特征》)相对于澎湃激荡的时代风云主潮,现代诗人歌唱的音调显得幽微而纤细。

现代派诗人的感知方式,注定了现代派诗歌的抒唱视点总是偏向于个体心灵的隐秘之隅,而对群黎苦痛与时代风雨采取疏离态度。

即便现代派诗人偶尔涉笔于社会与时代,也是别有用心,大多凝神注目其非本质方面,偏爱以破碎感去评价诗歌的价值与意义,产生现实的失落感,只将它作为缘情抒志的载体与窗口而已。

逃离现实,憧憬世外桃源,几乎是所有现代派诗人的普遍特点。

这群置身于白色恐怖中的敏感抒情主体,对理想有所追求而不可得,对现实有所不满又无可奈何,由于方向模糊不明,渐渐都退缩到时代潮流之外,甚或怯于直面惨淡人生与淋漓鲜血,成为踯躅荒街的寻梦者、孤寂的夜行人和可怜的单恋者,咀嚼一己的喜怒悲欢心境,投映在价值形态上便有了充满自怨自艾、无病呻吟的浊世哀音,对现实生活的迷惘、感伤、失望、厌弃、忧郁情调弥漫为压倒优势的基本问题。

这种6 本上遍染了所有诗人的精神凝结物。

戴望舒无奈地咏叹道“我是青春和衰老的结合体/我有健康的身体和病的心”(《我的素描》),生活是“从黑茫茫的雾,到黑茫茫的雾”(《夜行者》),所以自己“漂泊的孤身”“要与残月同沉”(《流浪人的夜歌》),悲观与沉重已力透纸背。

何其芳对寂寞品味深切,与结下了不解之缘,整本诗集蕴含的就是青春病态,是“刻骨的相思,恋中的征候”(《季候病》),是飘忽而微茫的心灵语言。

徐志摩的《我不知道风是在哪一个方向吹》充满了哀楚与惶惑。

李心若厌弃人世,《无题》与《灯》都是寂寞与凄清的写照。

孙大雨、张君甚至把丑恶异化的事物也牵引进纯净的诗中,《自己的写照》与《肺结核患者》都充满了现代都市的异化景观和荒原感受,都让人感到一种强烈的现代性。

总之,几乎每个诗人的诗都仿若秋蝉败叶,忧郁颓唐,蒙上了一种“欲语泪先流”的阴影,甚至有的还流露出了一定程度上无奈的命定观念,这是抒情群体远离时代和人民的必然报应。

同时也可以看出,大革命的失败给予知识者的精神震动,在力度上远远超过了新文化运动,大量具有困惑感、寂寞感、孤独感的诗篇,正是社会激荡的心理折射与映照反应。

虽然它感伤气太浓,但它也寄寓着诗人们对黑暗现状的不满和怀疑。

(摘编自罗振亚病态的诗化青春--三十年代现代诗派的情思空间》)1.下列对材料相关内容的理解和分析,正确的一项是(3分)A.“失落”而陷入“抑郁”是现代派诗人对社会现实的基本情感,是青年社会人格不成熟的一种表现。

B.现代派诗人自卑自怜甚至自我封闭,消极处世,所以能在诗歌创作中给人以凄艳又空灵的惊人美感。

C.罗振亚将三十年代现代派诗歌的情感空间概括为“病态的诗化青春”,缺乏对现代派诗歌价值的肯定。

D.现代派诗人偏爱以破碎感去评价诗歌的价值与意义,逃离现实,憧憬世外桃源是他们的普遍特点。

2.下列对原文论证的相关分析,不正确的一项是(3分)A.材料一主要从现代派诗人的基本情感、历史时期的特殊性、情感空间三个方面阐述了三十年代现代诗派的青春特征,论述层次清晰。

B.材料一第二段运用了对比论证的方法,将“五四”时期青年的历史青春期特征与三十年代青年的历史青春期特征做对比。

C.材料二第三段运用了举例论证、引用论证、对比论证等方法,阐述了三十年代现代派诗人普遍的情感特点,使观点表达得更加浅显易懂。

D.两则材料都涉及三十年代现代诗派的情感空间,虽然论述的角度不同,但某些观点有相似之处,在内容的理解上二者可相互佐证。

3.根据材料内容,下列说法不正确的一项是(3分)A.青年在“恐惧”的基础上产生了失落、抑郁的情感,但他们所处的社会历史促使他们人格逐渐成熟。

B.身处浊世却无力改变现实、无法实现理想的现代派诗人退缩到时代潮流之外,对现实生活感到迷惘、感伤等。

C.人们对现代诗派的评价,经历了一个由斥责到肯定的转变,肯定了现代诗派的美学价值和合理性。

D.大革命的失败给现代派诗人带来强烈的精神震动,使现代派诗歌忧郁颓唐,使诗人对现实感到绝望。

4.如何理解材料一中画横线的句子?请结合材料一简要说说你的理解。

(4分)5.三十年代现代诗人歌唱的音调为什么会显得幽微而纤细?请结合材料二简要分析。

(4分)(二)现代文阅读II(本题共4小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成6~9题。

家务事茹志鹃“淘淘,妈妈带你上医院看病去。

”我当机立断。

而且,一个聪明的念头突然闪现,像一道光似的照亮了一切。

请医生给淘淘开病假单。

明天,我就拿她的病假单去请假。

明天,我就可以在家照顾她,自己也可以喘口气。

明天,我就可以不回干校。

我浑身又来了力气,把淘淘裹了个严严实实,去了医院。

虽说花了医药费,可是一切如意。

诊断下来,淘淘是扁桃体发炎,打了退热针,给了四天的病假单。

不过医生在开病假单的时候,朝我看看说:“一般,小孩子生病,我们是不给开的,现在照顾一下吧!”我朝医生感激地笑笑。

回来的路上,又碰到了好人。

电车上一个乘客给我让了座。

我就抱着淘淘坐在靠窗的位置上,淘淘撒娇地靠在我手臂上,头顶着车窗向外望着。

“喏!你看呀!”淘淘朝上一指,原来她倒看着窗外那些梧桐树枝。

“妈妈,这一枝是你,这个小丫丫是我。

”电车靠站了。

淘淘扳着我的脸,要我看车窗外面的一根树枝。

“不。

”我笑了,在孩子的心目中,母亲总是这么重要。

其实,中国九亿五千万人,要排起队来,我这么一个普通而又普通的群众,连这树上的一个小节子都算不上呢!但我不愿扫孩子的兴,便笑道:“妈妈是那个小丫丫,你呢,是丫丫上的一个小节子!”果然淘淘高兴了,立即像唱歌似的唱了起来:“我是一个小节子,我是一个小节子……”一直唱到家里。

第二天一早,天还没亮,地上倒已是白晃晃的一片。

雪已停了。

淘淘还没醒,我就穿上套鞋,赶往静安寺,我们回干校的集合地点。

从那里请了假,回头就走菜场买点什么。

今天,小组长、单位的头头都在,也省得我拿了病假单东跑西颠,左等右候,可以当场拍板。

工宣队头头杜师傅,一直是对我比较照顾的。

但是,说不出来为了什么,我离集合地越近,心却越虚起来。

心越虚,性越急,胆越怯,走得气喘吁吁,领子里竟黏糊糊地冒汗了。

跑到静安寺一拐弯,我两条腿就挪不动了。

我望见了回干校的卡车,卡车上已插满了彩旗,车上架起了锣鼓,车帮的两边,贴上了斗大的标语:““五七”道路育新人,移风易俗过春节。

”车旁已来了好多人,围住了杜师傅和单位的另外两位头头。

来的人大部分是来请假的。

有的是自己生病,拿了病假单,让孩子搀扶着来的;有的是家里老人住院,拿着医院证明来的。

我手捏着淘淘的四天病假单,胆怯地叫了一声:“杜师傅!”他似乎没听见,转身跟几个头头商量去了,一会儿,他回身大声说道:“统统上车。

有病到干校休息,有事到干校再说。

”说完,锣鼓敲起了欢乐的节奏,人们纷纷上车了。

“金凤,你倒来得早!”好像有人在招呼我,但我又好像没听清。

我张皇,慌乱,嘴巴像给什么东西粘住似的,开不得口。

有人拉着我,推着我上了车。

“淘淘!”我在心里喊了一声,满脑子就是放在桌上的那些针药,四小时吃一次的,三小时吃一次的,还有不能咽下肚的漱口药水。

还有,还有空空的菜橱,烧焦了的鱼,没有买回来的酱。

还有,还有淘淘那烧得绯红的脸……咚咚哐,咚咚哐!锣鼓喧天似的响。

咚咚哐,咚咚哐!现在已经八点钟了,她一定醒来,还睡在床上等妈妈回去。

要等到十点,十一点,也许要等到中午,她可能会猜出来妈妈已回干校了。

她就会对外婆说“我会”“我会”,她什么都会。

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