化学元素英文介绍chemistry of the elements33654_13
541
548
Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth
Ch. 73
assigning precise dates to discoveries made by alchemists, miners and metal workers (or indeed even discerning what those discoveries actually were), it seems clear that As, Sb and Bi became increasingly recognized in their free form during the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries; they are therefore contemporary with Zn and Co, and predate all other elements except the 7 metals and 2 non-metallic elements known from ancient times (Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, Sn; C and S).'')
13
Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth
13.1 Introduction
The three elements arsenic, antimony and bismuth, which complete Group 15of the periodic table, were amongst the earliest elements to be isolated and all were known before either nitrogen (1772) or phosphorus (1669) had been obtained as the free elements. The properties of arsenic sulfide and related compounds have been known to physicians and professional poisoners since the fifth century BC though their use is no longer recommended by either group of practitioners. Isolation of the element is sometimes credited to Albertus Magnus (AD 1193-1280) who heated orpiment (AS&) with soap, and its name reflects its ancient lineage. [Arsenic, Latin arsenicum from Greek & ~ ~ V L K(a~rsVenicon) which was itself derived (with addition of 6 v ) from Persian az-zarnTkh, yellow orpiment (zar = gold).] Antimony compounds were also known to the ancients and the black sulfide, stibnite, was used in early biblical times as a cosmetic to darken and beautify women’s eyebrows; a rare Chaldean vase of cast antimony dates from 4000 BC and antimony-coated copper articles were used in Egypt 2500-22OOBC. Phny (-AD 50) gave it
Arsenic minerals are widely distributed throughout the world and small amounts of the free element have also been found. Common
' M. E. WEEKS, Discovery of the Elements, Chap. 3,
the name stibium and writings attributed to Jabir (-AD 800) used the form antimonium; indeed, both names were used for both the element and its sulfide until the end of the eighteenth century (Lavoisier). The history of the element, like that of arsenic, is much obscured by the intentionally vague and misleading descriptions of the alchemists, though the elusive Benedictine monk Basil Valentine may have prepared it in 1492 (about the time of Columbus). N. Lkmery published his famous Treatise on Antimony in 1707. Bismuth was known as the metal at least by 1480 though its previous history in the Middle Ages is difficult to unravel because the element was sometimes confused with Pb, Sn, Sb or even Ag. The Gutenberg printing presses (1440 onwards) used type that had been cut from brass or cast from Pb, Sn or Cu, but about 1450 a secret method of casting type from Bi alloys came into use and this particular use is still an important application of the element (p. 549). The name derives from the German Wismut (possibly white metal or meadow mines) and this was latinized to bisemutum by the sixteenth-century German scientist G. Bauer (Agricola) about 1530. Despite the difficulty of
+ condensing the sublimed element: FeAsS --+
FeS As&) ---+ As(s). Residual As trapped in
the sulfide residues can be released by roasting them in air and trapping the sublimed As203 in the flue system. The oxide can then either be used directly for chemical products or reduced with charcoal at 700-800" to give more As. As203 is also obtained in large quantities as flue dust from the smelting of Cu and Pb concentrates; because of the huge scale of these operations (pp. 1174, 371) this represents the most important industrial source of As. Some production figures and major uses of As and its compounds are listed in the Panel.
pp. 91-119, Journal of Chemical Education, Easton, Pa, 1956.
minerals include the two sulfides realgar (AsqS4) and orpiment (As&) and the oxidized form arsenolite (As203). The arsenides of Fe, Co and Ni and the mixed sulfides with these metals form another set of minerals, e.g. loellingite (FeAs2), safforlite (CoAs), niccolite (NiAs), rammelsbergite (NiAs2), arsenopyrite (FeAsS), cobaltite (CoAsS), enargite ( C U ~ A S Sg~e)r,sdorffite (NiAsS) and the quaternary sulfide glaucodot [(Co,Fe)AsS]. Elemental As is obtained on an industrial scale by smelting FeAs2 or FeAsS at 650-700°C in the absence of air and
化学元素英文介绍chemistry of the elements33654_21a
forms a sulfate and this gives rise to the alums, MTi(S04)2.12H20 (M = Rb, Cs), containing the octahedral hexaaquotitanium(II1) ion.
Octahedral, anionic complexes, [MX6I2-, show a marked increase in susceptibility to hydrolysis and consequent difficulty in preparation, in passing from the stable fluorides to the heavier halides, with the result that the hexaiodo complexes cannot be isolated. The fluorozirconates and fluorohafnates display considerable variety, complexes of the types [MF7I3-, [M2F14I6-, and [MF8I4- having been prepared, often by fusion of the appropriate fluorides. In Na3ZrF7 the anion has the 7-coordinate pentagonal bipyramidal structure; in Li6[BeF4][ZrFs] the zirconium anion is 8-coordinate, dodecahedral (distorted); in Cu6[ZrF8].12H20 it is 8-coordinate, square antiprismatic, and in Cu3[Zr~F14]1.8HzO dimerization by the edge-sharing of two square antiprisms maintains 8-coordination. Stoichiometry does not, however, define coordination type, and this is very well illustrated by the ostensibly [MF6I2- complexes which may contain 6-, 7-, or 8-coordinate Zr“ or Hf’“ depending on the counter anion. In RbzMF6, M is indeed octahedrally coordinated, but in (NH4)2MF6 and KzMF6 polymerization occurs to give respectively 7- and 8-coordinate species.
化学元素英文介绍chemistry of the elements33654_26b
Figure 26.7 Model vitamin BI2 compounds: (a) a Schiff base derivative, and (b) a cobaloxime, in this case derived from dimethylglyoxime.
cobalt giving it three accessible and consecutive oxidation states:
1138
Cobalt, Rhodium and Iridium
such redox series are known for these and other elements.
Ch. 26
26.3.4 The biochemistry of ~ o b a l t ( ~ ~ )
The wasting disease in sheep and cattle known variously as “pine” (Britain), “bush sickness” (New Zealand), “coast disease” (Australia), and “salt sick” (Florida) has been recognized since the late eighteenth century. When it was realized to be an anaemic condition it was thought to be due to iron deficiency and was therefore treated, with mixed success, by administering iron salts. Then, in the 1930s, it was found by workers in Australia and New Zealand that the efficacious principle in the iron treatment was actually an impurity (cobalt) but its role was not understood. This became more evident when vitamin BIZwas extracted from raw liver and shown to be responsible for the latter’s well-known effectiveness in treating pernicious anaemia. It is now known that vitamin B12 is a coenzyme? in a number of biochemical processes, the most important of which is the formation of erythrocytes (red blood-cells). It obviously functions extremely effectively, the human body for instance containing a mere
化学元素周期表英文版
化学元素周期表英文版化学元素周期表英文版 2012年07月01日 13:47:50化学元素周期表的英文全称 Periodic Table of the Elements 缩写 PTE拉丁文英文1 H 氢 Hydrogenium Hydrogen2 He 氦 Helium Helium3 Li 锂 Lithum Lithum4 Be 铍 Beryllium Beryllium5 B 硼 Borium Boron6 C 碳 Carbonium Carbon7 N 氮 Nitrogenium Nitrogen8 O 氧 Oxygenium Oxygen9 F 氟 Fluorum Fluorine10 Ne 氖 Neonum Neon11 Na 钠 Natrium Sodium12 Mg 镁 Magnesium Magnesium13 Al 铝 Aluminium Aluminium14 Si 硅 Silicium Silicon15 P 磷 Phosphyorum Phosphorus16 S 硫 Sulphu Sulfur17 Cl 氯 Chlorum Chlorlne18 A 氩 Argonum Argon19 K 钾 Kalium Potassium20 Ca 钙 Calcium Calcium21 Sc 钪 Scandium Scandium22 Ti 钛 Titanium Titanium23 V 钡 Vanadium Vanadium24 Cr 铬 Chromium Chromium25 Mn 锰 Manganum Manganum26 Fe 铁 Ferrum Iron27 Co 钴 Cobaltum Cobalt28 Ni 镍 Niccolum Nickel29 Cu 铜 Cuprum Copper30 Zn 锌 Zincum Zinc31 Ga 镓 Gallium Gallium32 Ge 锗 Germanium Germanium33 As 砷 Arsenium Arsenic34 Se 硒 Selenium Selenium35 Br 溴 Bromium Bormine36 Kr 氪 Kryptomum Krypton37 Rb 铷 Rubidium Rubidium38 Sr 锶 Strontium Strontium39 Y 钇 Yttrium Yttrium40 Zr 钴 Zirconium Zirconium41 Nb 铌 Niobium Niobium42 Mo 钼 Molybdanium Molybdanium43 Tc 锝 Technetium Technetium44 Ru 钌 Ruthenium Ruthenium45 Rh 铑 Rhodium Rhodium46 Pd 钯 Palladium Palladium47 Ag 银 Argentum Silver48 Cd 镉 Cadmium Cadmium49 In 铟 Inlium Inlium50 Sn 锡 Stannum Tin51 Sb 锑 Stibium Antimony52 Te 碲 Tellurum T ellurium53 I 碘 Iodium Iodine54 Xe 氙 Xenonum Xenon55 Cs 铯 Caesium Caesium56 Ba 钡 Baryum Barium57 La 镧 Lanthanum Lanthanum58 Ce 铈 Cerium Cerium59 Pr 镨 Praseodymium Praseodymium60 Nd 钕 Neodymium Neodymium61 Pm 钷 Promethium Promethium62 Sm 钐 Samarium Samarium63 En 铕 Europinu Europinu64 Gd 钆 Gadolinium Gadolinium65 Tb 铽 Terbium T erbium66 Dy 镝 Dysprosium Dysprosium67 Ho 钬 Holmium Holmium68 Er 铒 Erbium Erbium69 Tm 铥 Thulium Thulium70 Yb 镱 Ytterbium Ytterbium71 Lu 镥 Lrtetium Lrtetium72 Hf 铪 Hafnium Hafnium73 Ta 钽 Tanatalum Tantalum74 W 钨 Wolfram Tungsten75 Re 铼 Rhenium Rhenium76 Os Osmium Osmium77 Ir 铱 Iridium Iridium78 Pt 铂 Platinum Platinum79 Au 金 Aurum Gold80 Hg 汞 Hydrargyrum Mercury81 Tl 铊 Thallium Thallium82 Pb 铅 Plumbum Lead83 Bi 铋 Bismuthum Bismuth84 Po 钋 Polonium Polonium85 At 砹 Astatium Astatium86 Rn 氡 Radon Radon87 Fr 钫 Franium Franium88 Ra 镭 Radium Radium89 Ac 锕 Actinium Actinium90 Th 钍 Thorium Thorium91 Pa 镤 Protactinium Protactinium92 U 铀 Uranium Uranium93 Np 镎 Neptunium Neptunium94 Pu 钚 Plutonium Plutonium95 Am 镅 Americium Americium96 Cm 锔 Curkelium Curkelium97 Bk 锫 Berkelium Berkelium98 Cf 锎 Californium Californium99 Es 镶 Einsteinium Einsteinium100 Fm 镄 Fermim Fermim101 Md 钔 Mendelevium Mendelevium 102 No 锘 Nobelium Nobelium103 Lr 铹 Lawrencium Lawrencium 104 Rf 钅卢 Rutherfordium英文105 Db 钅杜 Dubnium106 Sg 钅喜 Seaborgium107 Bh 钅波 Bohriium108 Hs 钅黑 Hassium109 Mt 钅麦 Meitnerium110 Uun111 Uuu112 Uub...化学元素周期表英文版 2012年07月01日 13:47:50化学元素周期表的英文全称 Periodic Table of the Elements 缩写 PTE拉丁文英文1 H 氢 Hydrogenium Hydrogen2 He 氦 Helium Helium3 Li 锂 Lithum Lithum4 Be 铍 Beryllium Beryllium5 B 硼 Borium Boron6 C 碳 Carbonium Carbon7 N 氮 Nitrogenium Nitrogen8 O 氧 Oxygenium Oxygen9 F 氟 Fluorum Fluorine10 Ne 氖 Neonum Neon11 Na 钠 Natrium Sodium12 Mg 镁 Magnesium Magnesium13 Al 铝 Aluminium Aluminium14 Si 硅 Silicium Silicon15 P 磷 Phosphyorum Phosphorus16 S 硫 Sulphu Sulfur17 Cl 氯 Chlorum Chlorlne18 A 氩 Argonum Argon19 K 钾 Kalium Potassium20 Ca 钙 Calcium Calcium21 Sc 钪 Scandium Scandium22 Ti 钛 Titanium Titanium23 V 钡 Vanadium Vanadium24 Cr 铬 Chromium Chromium25 Mn 锰 Manganum Manganum26 Fe 铁 Ferrum Iron27 Co 钴 Cobaltum Cobalt28 Ni 镍 Niccolum Nickel29 Cu 铜 Cuprum Copper30 Zn 锌 Zincum Zinc31 Ga 镓 Gallium Gallium32 Ge 锗 Germanium Germanium33 As 砷 Arsenium Arsenic34 Se 硒 Selenium Selenium35 Br 溴 Bromium Bormine36 Kr 氪 Kryptomum Krypton37 Rb 铷 Rubidium Rubidium38 Sr 锶 Strontium Strontium39 Y 钇 Yttrium Yttrium40 Zr 钴 Zirconium Zirconium41 Nb 铌 Niobium Niobium42 Mo 钼 Molybdanium Molybdanium43 Tc 锝 Technetium Technetium44 Ru 钌 Ruthenium Ruthenium45 Rh 铑 Rhodium Rhodium46 Pd 钯 Palladium Palladium47 Ag 银 Argentum Silver48 Cd 镉 Cadmium Cadmium49 In 铟 Inlium Inlium50 Sn 锡 Stannum Tin51 Sb 锑 Stibium Antimony52 Te 碲 Tellurum T ellurium53 I 碘 Iodium Iodine54 Xe 氙 Xenonum Xenon55 Cs 铯 Caesium Caesium56 Ba 钡 Baryum Barium57 La 镧 Lanthanum Lanthanum58 Ce 铈 Cerium Cerium59 Pr 镨 Praseodymium Praseodymium60 Nd 钕 Neodymium Neodymium61 Pm 钷 Promethium Promethium62 Sm 钐 Samarium Samarium63 En 铕 Europinu Europinu64 Gd 钆 Gadolinium Gadolinium65 Tb 铽 Terbium T erbium66 Dy 镝 Dysprosium Dysprosium67 Ho 钬 Holmium Holmium68 Er 铒 Erbium Erbium69 Tm 铥 Thulium Thulium70 Yb 镱 Ytterbium Ytterbium71 Lu 镥 Lrtetium Lrtetium72 Hf 铪 Hafnium Hafnium73 Ta 钽 Tanatalum Tantalum74 W 钨 Wolfram Tungsten75 Re 铼 Rhenium Rhenium76 Os Osmium Osmium77 Ir 铱 Iridium Iridium78 Pt 铂 Platinum Platinum79 Au 金 Aurum Gold80 Hg 汞 Hydrargyrum Mercury81 Tl 铊 Thallium Thallium82 Pb 铅 Plumbum Lead83 Bi 铋 Bismuthum Bismuth84 Po 钋 Polonium Polonium85 At 砹 Astatium Astatium86 Rn 氡 Radon Radon87 Fr 钫 Franium Franium88 Ra 镭 Radium Radium89 Ac 锕 Actinium Actinium90 Th 钍 Thorium Thorium91 Pa 镤 Protactinium Protactinium92 U 铀 Uranium Uranium93 Np 镎 Neptunium Neptunium94 Pu 钚 Plutonium Plutonium95 Am 镅 Americium Americium96 Cm 锔 Curkelium Curkelium97 Bk 锫 Berkelium Berkelium98 Cf 锎 Californium Californium99 Es 镶 Einsteinium Einsteinium100 Fm 镄 Fermim Fermim101 Md 钔 Mendelevium Mendelevium 102 No 锘 Nobelium Nobelium103 Lr 铹 Lawrencium Lawrencium 104 Rf 钅卢 Rutherfordium英文105 Db 钅杜 Dubnium106 Sg 钅喜 Seaborgium107 Bh 钅波 Bohriium108 Hs 钅黑 Hassium109 Mt 钅麦 Meitnerium110 Uun111 Uuu112 Uub...。
化学元素中英文对照
化学元素中英文对照化学元素中英文对照第 01 号元素: 氢 [化学符号]H, 读“轻”, [英文名称]Hydrogen 第02 号元素: 氦 [化学符号]He, 读“亥”, [英文名称]Helium第 03 号元素: 锂 [化学符号]Li, 读“里”, [英文名称]Lithium 第 04 号元素: 铍 [化学符号]Be, 读“皮”, [英文名称]Beryllium 第 05 号元素: 硼 [化学符号]B, 读“朋”, [英文名称]Boron第 06 号元素: 碳 [化学符号]C, 读“炭”, [英文名称]Carbon第 07 号元素: 氮 [化学符号]N, 读“淡”, [英文名称]Nitrogen 第08 号元素: 氧 [化学符号]O, 读“养”, [英文名称]Oxygen第 09 号元素: 氟 [化学符号]F, 读“弗”, [英文名称]Fluorine 第 10 号元素: 氖 [化学符号]Ne, 读“乃”, [英文名称]Neon第 11 号元素: 钠 [化学符号]Na, 读“纳”, [英文名称]Sodium第 12 号元素: 镁 [化学符号]Mg, 读“美”, [英文名称]Magnesium 第 13 号元素: 铝 [化学符号]Al, 读“吕”, [英文名称]Aluminum 第 14 号元素: 硅 [化学符号]Si, 读“归”, [英文名称]Silicon 第 15 号元素: 磷[化学符号]P, 读“邻”, [英文名称]Phosphorus 第 16 号元素: 硫 [化学符号]S, 读“流”, [英文名称]Sulfur第 17 号元素: 氯 [化学符号]Cl, 读“绿”, [英文名称]Chlorine 第18 号元素: 氩 [化学符号]Ar,A, 读“亚”, [英文名称]Argon 第 19 号元素: 钾 [化学符号]K, 读“甲”, [英文名称]Potassium 第 20 号元素: 钙[化学符号]Ca, 读“丐”, [英文名称]Calcium 第 21 号元素: 钪 [化学符号]Sc, 读“亢”, [英文名称]Scandium 第 22 号元素: 钛 [化学符号]Ti, 读“太”, [英文名称]Titanium 第 23 号元素: 钒 [化学符号]V, 读“凡”, [英文名称]Vanadium 第 24 号元素: 铬 [化学符号]Cr, 读“各”, [英文名称]Chromium 第 25 号元素: 锰 [化学符号]Mn, 读“猛”, [英文名称]Manganese 第26 号元素: 铁[化学符号]Fe, 读“铁”, [英文名称]Iron第 27 号元素: 钴 [化学符号]Co, 读“古”, [英文名称]Cobalt第 28 号元素: 镍 [化学符号]Ni, 读“臬”, [英文名称]Nickel第 29 号元素: 铜 [化学符号]Cu, 读“同”, [英文名称]Copper第 30 号元素: 锌 [化学符号]Zn, 读“辛”, [英文名称]Zinc第 31 号元素: 镓 [化学符号]Ga, 读“家”, [英文名称]Gallium 第32 号元素: 锗 [化学符号]Ge, 读“者”, [英文名称]Germanium 第 33 号元素: 砷 [化学符号]As, 读“申”, [英文名称]Arsenic 第 34 号元素: 硒 [化学符号]Se, 读“西”, [英文名称]Selenium 第 35 号元素: 溴 [化学符号]Br, 读“秀”, [英文名称]Bromine 第36 号元素: 氪[化学符号]Kr, 读“克”, [英文名称]Krypton第 38 号元素: 锶 [化学符号]Sr, 读“思”, [英文名称]Strontium第 39 号元素: 钇 [化学符号]Y, 读“乙”, [英文名称]Yttrium第 40 号元素: 锆 [化学符号]Zr, 读“告”, [英文名称]Zirconium 第 41 号元素: 铌 [化学符号]Nb, 读“尼”, [英文名称]Niobium第42 号元素: 钼[化学符号]Mo, 读“目”, [英文名称]Molybdenum 第43 号元素: 碍[化学符号]Tc, 读“得”, [英文名称]Technetium 第44 号元素: 钌[化学符号]Ru, 读“了”, [英文名称]Ruthenium第 45 号元素: 铑 [化学符号]Rh, 读“老”, [英文名称]Rhodium第 46 号元素: 钯 [化学符号]Pd, 读“巴”, [英文名称]Palladium 第 47 号元素: 银 [化学符号]Ag, 读“银”, [英文名称]Silver第 48 号元素: 镉 [化学符号]Cd, 读“隔”, [英文名称]Cadmium 第 49 号元素: 铟 [化学符号]In, 读“因”, [英文名称]Indium第 50 号元素: 锡 [化学符号]Sn, 读“西”, [英文名称]Tin第 51 号元素: 锑 [化学符号]Sb, 读“梯”, [英文名称]Antimony 第 52 号元素: 碲 [化学符号]Te, 读“帝”, [英文名称]Tellurium第 53 号元素: 碘 [化学符号]I, 读“典”, [英文名称]Iodine第 54 号元素: 氙 [化学符号]Xe, 读“仙”, [英文名称]Xenon第 55 号元素: 铯 [化学符号]Cs, 读“色”, [英文名称]Cesium第 56 号元素: 钡 [化学符号]Ba, 读“贝”, [英文名称]Barium第 58 号元素: 铈 [化学符号]Ce, 读“市”, [英文名称]Cerium第59 号元素: 镨[化学符号]Pr, 读“普”, [英文名称]Praseodymium 第 60 号元素: 钕 [化学符号]Nd, 读“女”, [英文名称]Neodymium第61 号元素: 钷[化学符号]Pm, 读“颇”, [英文名称]Promethium 第62 号元素: 钐[化学符号]Sm, 读“衫”, [英文名称]Samarium第 63 号元素: 铕 [化学符号]Eu, 读“有”, [英文名称]Europium 第 64 号元素: 钆 [化学符号]Gd, 读“轧”, [英文名称]Gadolinium 第 65 号元素: 铽 [化学符号]Tb, 读“忒”, [英文名称]Terbium 第 66 号元素: 镝 [化学符号]Dy, 读“滴”, [英文名称]Dysprosium 第 67 号元素: 钬 [化学符号]Ho, 读“火”, [英文名称]Holmium 第 68 号元素: 铒 [化学符号]Er, 读“耳”, [英文名称]Erbium第 69 号元素: 铥 [化学符号]Tm, 读“丢”, [英文名称]Thulium第 70 号元素: 镱 [化学符号]Yb, 读“意”, [英文名称]Ytterbium 第 71 号元素: 镥 [化学符号]Lu, 读“鲁”, [英文名称]Lutetium第 72 号元素: 铪 [化学符号]Hf, 读“哈”, [英文名称]Hafnium第 73 号元素: 钽 [化学符号]Ta, 读“坦”, [英文名称]Tantalum第 74 号元素: 钨 [化学符号]W, 读“乌”, [英文名称]Tungsten第 75 号元素: 镧 [化学符号]La, 读“兰”, [英文名称]Lanthanum 第 76 号元素: 锇 [化学符号]Os, 读“鹅”, [英文名称]Osmium第 77 号元素: 铱 [化学符号]Ir, 读“衣”, [英文名称]Iridium第 78 号元素: 铂 [化学符号]Pt, 读““, [英文名称]Platinum第 79 号元素: 金 [化学符号]Au, 读“今”, [英文名称]Gold第 80 号元素: 汞 [化学符号]Hg, 读“拱”, [英文名称]Mercury第 81 号元素: 铊 [化学符号]Tl, 读“他”, [英文名称]Thallium第 82 号元素: 铅 [化学符号]Pb, 读“千”, [英文名称]Lead第 83 号元素: 铋 [化学符号]Bi, 读“必”, [英文名称]Bismuth第 84 号元素: 钋 [化学符号]Po, 读“泼”, [英文名称]Polonium 第 85 号元素: 砹 [化学符号]At, 读“艾”, [英文名称]Astatine第 86 号元素: 氡 [化学符号]Rn, 读“冬”, [英文名称]Radon第 87 号元素: 钫 [化学符号]Fr, 读“方”, [英文名称]Francium第 88 号元素: 镭 [化学符号]Ra, 读“雷”, [英文名称]Radium第 89 号元素: 锕 [化学符号]Ac, 读“阿”, [英文名称]Actinium第 90 号元素: 钍 [化学符号]Th, 读“土”, [英文名称]Thorium第 91 号元素: 镤 [化学符号]Pa, 读“仆”, [英文名称]Protactinium 第 92 号元素: 铀 [化学符号]U, 读“由”, [英文名称]Uranium 第 93 号元素: 镎 [化学符号]Np, 读“拿”, [英文名称]Neptunium 第 94 号元素: 钚 [化学符号]Pu, 读“不”, [英文名称]Plutonium 第 95 号元素: 镅 [化学符号]Am, 读“眉”, [英文名称]Americium 第 96 号元素: 锔 [化学符号]Cm, 读“局”, [英文名称]Curium第 97 号元素: 锫 [化学符号]Bk, 读“陪”, [英文名称]Berkelium 第 98 号元素: 锎 [化学符号]Cf, 读“开”, [英文名称]Californium 第99 号元素: 锿[化学符号]Es, 读“哀”, [英文名称]Einsteinium 第100 号元素: 镄 [化学符号]Fm, 读“费”, [英文名称]Fermium 第101 号元素: 钔[化学符号]Md, 读“门”, [英文名称]Mendelevium 第 102 号元素: 锘 [化学符号]No, 读“诺”, [英文名称]Nobelium第103 号元素: 铹[化学符号]Lw, 读“劳”, [英文名称]Lawrencium 第104 号元素: 鐪[化学符号]Rf, 读“卢”, [英文名称]unnilquadium 第105 号元素: [化学符号]Db, 读“杜”, [英文名称]dubnium第 106 号元素: 钅喜 [化学符号]Sg , 读”喜“, [英文名称]第 107 号元素: 钅波 [化学符号]Bh, 读"波“, [英文名称]Bohrium 第 108 号元素: 钅黑 [化学符号]Hs, 读”黑“, [英文名称]第 109 号元素: 钅麦 [化学符号]Mt, 读"麦",[英文名称]第110 号元素: 鐽[化学符号]Ds, 读”达“, [英文名称]Darmstadtium 第 111 号元素: [化学符号]Rg, , 读”伦“, [英文名称]Roentgenium 第 112 号元素: uub（112）第 113 号元素: uut（113）第 114 号元素: uuq（114）第 115 号元素: uup（115）第 116 号元素: uuh（116）第 117 号元素: uus尚未发现第 118 号元素: uuo。
化学元素的英文全称（全）
化学元素的英文全称（全）第一篇：化学元素的英文全称(全)化学元素周期表的英文全称Periodic Table of the Elements缩写PTE拉丁文英文H 氢Hydrogenium Hydrogen2 He 氦Helium Helium3 Li 锂Lithum LithumBe 铍Beryllium Beryllium5 B 硼Borium Boron6 C 碳Carbonium Carbon7 N 氮Nitrogenium Nitrogen8 O 氧 Oxygenium Oxygen9 F 氟 Fluorum Fluorine10 Ne 氖Neonum Neon11 Na 钠Natrium SodiumMg 镁Magnesium Magnesium13 Al 铝Aluminium Aluminium14 Si 硅Silicium SiliconP 磷 Phosphyorum Phosphorus16 S 硫 Sulphu SulfurCl 氯Chlorum Chlorlne18 A 氩Argonum ArgonK 钾Kalium Potassium20 Ca 钙 Calcium Calcium第二篇：导线英文全称ACS 铝包钢绞线Aluminum clad steelACSR 钢芯铝绞线 Aluminum conductor steel reinforcedACSR/TW T型钢芯铝绞线Aluminum conductor steel reinforced/Trapezoid wireACSR/AS, ACSR/AW 铝包钢芯铝绞线Aluminum conductor aluminum-cald steel reinforcedACAR铝合金芯铝绞线 Aluminum conductor alloy reinforced AAC全铝绞线All Aluminum conductorAACSR钢芯铝合金绞线Aluminum alloy conductor steel reinforcedGTACSR/GZTACSR间隙导线Gap-type Thermal-resistant aluminum alloy conductor steel reinforcedZTACIR殷钢导线Super thermal-resistant aluminum alloy conductor invar reinforcedACSS软铝导线，ACSS/TW软铝导线(T型)Aluminum conductorcoated steel supported/Trapezoid wireAAAC全铝合金绞线 All aluminum alloy conductorPS：AW 是符合美标AS是符合IEC第三篇：linux 命令英文全称linux 命令英文全称/bin = BINaries /dev = DEVices /etc = ETCetera /lib = LIBrary /proc = PROCesses/sbin = Superuser BINaries /tmp = TeMPorary/usr = Unix Shared Resources /var = VARiable ?FIFO = First In, First OutGRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader IFS = Internal Field Seperators LILO = LInux LOaderMySQL = My是最初作者女儿的名字，SQL = Structured Query Language PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext Preprocessor PS = Prompt StringPerl = “Pratical Extraction and Report Language” = “Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python's Flying Circus Tcl = Tool Command Language Tk = T oolKitVT = Video TerminalYaST = Yet Another Setup Tool apache = “a patchy” server apt = Advanced Packaging Tool ar = archiver as = assembler awk = “Aho Weiberger and Kernighan” 三个作者的姓的第一个字母 bash = Bourne Again SHell bc = Basic(Better)Calculator bg = BackGroundbiff = 作者Heidi Stettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。
化学元素英文介绍chemistry of the elements33654_15g
574
Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth
Ch. 13
ores such as arsenopyrite, FeAsS. Sb2O3 and Bi203 are made similarly. All 3 oxides exist in several modifications as shown in the schemes on p. 573.(16)In the vapour phase As203 exists as As406 molecules isostructural with P4O6 (p. 504), and this unit also occurs in the cubic crystalline form. Above 800" gaseous As406 partially dissociates to an equilibrium mixture containing both As406 and As203 molecules. The less-volatile monoclinic form of As203 has a sheet-like structure of pyramidal {As03}groups sharing common 0 atoms. This transformation from molecular As406 units to polymeric As203 is accompanied by an 8.7% increase in density from 3.89 to 4.23gcmP3. A similar change from cubic, molecular Sb4O6 to polymeric SbzO3 results in an 11.3% density increase from 5.20 to 5.79 g ~ m - ~ .
化学元素英文介绍chemistry of the elements33654_25a
U. SCHWERTMANanNd R. M. CORNELLIr,on Oxides in the Laborutory, VCH, Weinheim, 1991, 137 pp.
1080
Iron, Ruthenium and Osmium
Ch. 25
showing only slight reactivity towards alkali. It gradually decomposes, however, to Fe304 with evolution of hydrogen and in the presence of oxygen darkens rapidly and eventually forms the reddish-brown hydrated iron(II1) oxide. Fe304 is a mixed Fe"/Fe"' oxide which can be obtained by partial oxidation of FeO or, more conveniently, by heating Fez03 above about 1400°C. It has the inverse spinel structure. Spinels are of the form M"M!'04 and in the normal spinel (p. 247) the oxide ions form a ccp lattice with M" ions occupying tetrahedral sites and M"' ions octahedral sites. In the inverse structure half the MI" ions occupy tetrahedral sites, with the M" and the other half of the M"' occupying octahedral sites.? Fe304 occurs naturally as the mineral magnetite or lodestone. It is a black, strongly ferromagnetic substance (or, more strictly, "ferrimagnetic" - see p. lOSl), insoluble in water and acids. Its electrical properties are not simple, but its rather high conductivity may be ascribed to electron transfer between Fe" and Fe"'.
化学元素周期表中文及英文读音
Periodic Table of the Elements （元素周期表PET）01：氢H，轻，Hydrogen 'haidrəudʒən02：氦He，亥，Helium 'hi:ljəm，-liəm03：锂Li，里，Lithium 'liθiəm04：铍Be，皮，Beryllium be'riljəm，bə'r-05：硼B，朋，Boron 'bɔ:rɔn06：碳C，炭，Carbon 'kɑ:bən07：氮N，淡，Nitrogen 'naitrədʒən08：氧O，养，Oxygen 'ɔksidʒən09：氟F，弗，Fluorine 'flu(:)əri:n10：氖Ne，乃，Neon 'ni:ən11：钠Na，纳，Sodium 'səudjəm，-diəm12：镁Mg，美，Magnesium mæg'ni:zjəm13：铝Al，吕，Aluminum ælju'miniəm14：硅Si，归，Silicon 'silikən15：磷P，邻，Phosphorus 'fɔsfərəs16：硫S，流，Sulfur 'sʌlfə17：氯Cl，绿，Chlorine 'klɔ:ri:n18：氩Ar，A，亚，Argon 'ɑ:gɔn19：钾K，甲，Potassium pə'tæsjəm20：钙Ca，丐，Calcium 'kælsiəm21：钪Sc，亢，Scandium s'kændiəm22：钛Ti，太，Titanium tai'teinjəm，ti-23：钒V，凡，Vanadium və'neidiəm，-djəm24：铬Cr，各，Chromium 'krəumjəm25：锰Mn，猛，Manganese mæŋgə'ni:z26：铁Fe，铁，Iron 'aiən27：钴Co，古，Cobalt kə'bɔ:lt，'kəubɔ:lt28：镍Ni，臬，Nickel 'nikl29：铜Cu，同'kɔpə30：锌Zn，辛，Zinc ziŋk31：镓Ga，家，Gallium 'gæliəm32：锗Ge，者，Germanium dʒə:'meiniəm 33：砷As，申，Arsenic 'ɑ:sənik34：硒Se，西，Selenium si'li:niəm，-njəm 35：溴Br，秀，Bromine 'brəumi:n36：氪Kr，克，Krypton 'kriptɔn37：铷Rb，如，Rubidium ru:'bidiəm38：锶Sr，思，Strontium 'strɔnʃiəm39：钇Y，乙，Yttrium i'ridiəm40：锆Zr，告，Zirconium zə:'kəuniəm41：铌Nb，尼，Niobium nai'əubiəm42：钼Mo，目，Molybdenum mə'libdinəm 43：碍Tc，得，Technetium tek'ni:ʃiəm44：钌Ru，了，Ruthenium ru:'θi:niəm45：铑Rh，老，Rhodium 'rəudiəm，-djəm 46：钯Pd，巴，Palladium pə'leidiəm47：银Ag，银，Silver 'silvə48：镉Cd，隔，Cadmium 'kædmiəm49：铟In，因，Indium 'indiəm50：锡Sn，西，Tin tin51：锑Sb，梯，Antimony 'stibjəm52：碲Te，帝，Tellurium te'ljʊəriəm 53：碘I，典，Iodine 'aiədi:n; (US) 'aiədain 54：氙Xe，仙，Xenon 'zenɔn55：铯Cs，色，Cesium 'si:ziəm56：钡Ba，贝，Barium 'bɛəriəm57：镧La，蓝，Lanthanum 'lænθənəm58：铈Ce，市，Cerium 'siəriəm59：镨Pr，普，Praseodymium preiziəu'dimiəm60：钕Nd，女，Neodymium ni(:)ə'dimiəm61：钷Pm，颇，Promethium prə'mi:θiəm62：钐Sm，衫，Samarium sə'mɛəriəm63：铕Eu，有，Europium juə'rəupiəm64：钆Gd，嘎（二声），Gadolinium gædə'liniəm 65：铽Tb，特，Terbium 'tə:biəm66：镝Dy，滴，Dysprosium dis'prəusiəm67：钬Ho，火，Holmium 'hɔlmiəm68：铒Er，耳，Erbium 'ə:biəm69：铥Tm，丢，Thulium 'θju:liəm70：镱Yb，意，Ytterbium i'tə:biəm71：镥Lu，鲁，Lutetium lu:'ti:ʃiəm，-siəm 72：铪Hf，哈，Hafnium 'hæfniəm73：钽Ta，坦，Tantalum 'tæntələm74：钨W，乌，Tungsten 'tʌŋstən75：铼Re，来，Rhenium 'ri:niəm76：锇Os，鹅，Osmium 'ɔzmiəm，-mjəm 77：铱Ir，衣，Iridium i'ridiəm78：铂Pt，博，Platinum 'plætinəm79：金Au，今，Gold gəuld80：汞Hg，拱，Mercury 'mə:kjuri81：铊Tl，他，Thallium 'θæliəm82：铅Pb，千，Lead li:d83：铋Bi，必，Bismuth 'bizməθ84：钋Po，泼，Polonium pə'ləuniəm85：砹At，艾，Astatine 'æstəti:n86：氡 Rn，冬，Radon 'reidɔn87：钫Fr，方，Francium 'frænsiəm88：镭Ra，雷，Radium 'reidjəm89：锕Ac，阿，Actinium æk'tiniəm90：钍Th，土，Thorium 'θɔ:riəm91：镤Pa，葡，Protactinium prəutəuæk'tiniəm 92：铀U，由，Uranium juə'reiniəm93：镎Np，拿，Neptunium nep'tju:niəm94：钚Pu，布，Plutonium plu:'təuniəm95：镅Am，眉，Americium æmə'riʃiəm96：锔Cm，局，Curium 'kjuəriəm97：锫Bk，陪，Berkelium 'bə:kliəm98：锎Cf，开，Californium kæli'fɔ:niəm99：锿Es，哀，Einsteinium ain'stainiəm 100：镄Fm，费，Fermium 'fə:miəm101：钔Md，门，Mendelevium mendə'li:viəm 102：锘No，诺，Nobelium nəu'beliəm103：铹Lw，劳，Lawrencium lɔ:'rensiəm，lɑ:-104：钅卢Rf，卢，Rutherfordium ，rʌðə'fɔ:diəm 105：钅杜Db，杜，Dubnium106：钅喜Sg ，喜，Seaborgium107：钅波Bh，波，Bohrium108：钅黑Hs，黑，Hassium109：钅麦Mt，麦，Meitnerium110：钅达Ds，达，Darmstadtium111：钅仑Rg，，伦，Roentgenium112：Uub Ununbium113：Uut Ununtrium114：115：Uup Ununquadium116：Uuh Ununhexium117：Uus Ununseptium (Not synthesized to Jan.2009) 118：Uuo Ununoctium。
化学元素英文表达
【原创】化学元素中英文名称及符号（图）【原创】英语杂谈2009-07-09 21:02:45 阅读8115 评论11 字号：大中小订阅【原创】化学元素中英文名称及符号（图）Khubilai2009/07/09化学元素（chemical element）指一种纯粹的（pure）化学物质（chemical substance），包括一种类型的原子（atom），有自己的原子序数（atomic number），也就是原子核（nucleus）中质子（proton）的数量。
质子与中子（neutron）都是核子（nucleon），决定原子质量（atomic mass）。
质子与原子的电荷（electric charge）有关，也就是与电子（electron）有关。
元素有不同的化学性质（chemical property）。
有些元素有同位素（isotope）。
不稳定（unstable）元素可发生放射性衰变（radioactive decay）。
在元素周期表（periodic tablet of elements）中，元素可分为几大类（category）：碱金属（alkali metals）、碱土金属（alkaline earth metals）、内过渡元素（inner transition elements）、镧系金属（lanthanides）、锕系金属（actinides）、过渡元素（transition elements）、其它金属（other metals）、准金属/半金属元素（metalloids）、其它非金属（other nonmetals）、卤素（halogens）、惰性气体（noble gases）及未知（unknown）。
下面按照英文字母顺序介绍各种元素以及化学符号（chemical symbol）。
actinium（Ac）：锕。
含义与光线（beam）有关。
aluminium/aluminum（Al）：铝。
化学元素周期表的英文全称
化学元素周期表的英文全称Periodic Table of the Elements 缩写PTE 拉丁文英文1 H 氢Hydrogenium Hydrogen2 He 氦Helium Helium3 Li 锂Lithum Lithum4 Be 铍Beryllium Beryllium5 B 硼Borium Boron6 C 碳Carbonium Carbon7 N 氮Nitrogenium Nitrogen8 O 氧Oxygenium Oxygen9 F 氟Fluorum Fluorine10 Ne 氖Neonum Neon11 Na 钠Natrium Sodium12 Mg 镁Magnesium Magnesium13 Al 铝Aluminium Aluminium14 Si 硅Silicium Silicon15 P 磷Phosphyorum Phosphorus16 S 硫Sulphu Sulfur17 Cl 氯Chlorum Chlorine18 A 氩Argonum Argon19 K 钾Kalium Potassium20 Ca 钙Calcium Calcium21 Sc 钪Scandium Scandium22 Ti 钛Titanium Titanium23 V 钒Vanadium Vanadium24 Cr 铬Chromium Chromium25 Mn 锰Manganum Manganum26 Fe 铁Ferrum Iron27 Co 钴Cobaltum Cobalt28 Ni 镍Niccolum Nickel29 Cu 铜Cuprum Copper30 Zn 锌Zincum Zinc31 Ga 镓Gallium Gallium32 Ge 锗Germanium Germanium33 As 砷Arsenium Arsenic34 Se 硒Selenium Selenium35 Br 溴Bromium Bormine36 Kr 氪Kryptomum Krypton37 Rb 铷Rubidium Rubidium38 Sr 锶Strontium Strontium39 Y 钇Yttrium Yttrium40 Zr 锆Zirconium Zirconium41 Nb 铌Niobium Niobium42 Mo 钼Molybdanium Molybdanium43 Tc 锝Technetium Technetium44 Ru 钌Ruthenium Ruthenium45 Rh 铑Rhodium Rhodium46 Pd 钯Palladium Palladium47 Ag 银Argentum Silver48 Cd 镉Cadmium Cadmium49 In 铟Inlium Inlium50 Sn 锡Stannum Tin51 Sb 锑Stibium Antimony52 Te 碲Tellurum Tellurium53 I 碘Iodium Iodine54 Xe 氙Xenonum Xenon55 Cs 铯Caesium Caesium56 Ba 钡Baryum Barium57 La 镧Lanthanum Lanthanum58 Ce 铈Cerium Cerium59 Pr 镨Praseodymium Praseodymium60 Nd 钕Neodymium Neodymium61 Pm 钷Promethium Promethium62 Sm 钐Samarium Samarium63 En 铕Europinu Europinu64 Gd 钆Gadolinium Gadolinium65 Tb 铽Terbium Terbium66 Dy 镝Dysprosium Dysprosium67 Ho 钬Holmium Holmium68 Er 铒Erbium Erbium69 Tm 铥Thulium Thulium70 Yb 镱Ytterbium Ytterbium71 Lu 镥Lrtetium Lrtetium72 Hf 铪Hafnium Hafnium73 Ta 钽Tanatalum Tantalum74 W 钨Wolfram Tungsten75 Re 铼Rhenium Rhenium76 Os Osmium Osmium77 Ir 铱Iridium Iridium78 Pt 铂Platinum Platinum79 Au 金Aurum Gold80 Hg 汞Hydrargyrum Mercury81 Tl 铊Thallium Thallium82 Pb 铅Plumbum Lead83 Bi 铋Bismuthum Bismuth84 Po 钋Polonium Polonium85 At 砹Astatium Astatium86 Rn 氡Radon Radon87 Fr 钫Franium Franium88 Ra 镭Radium Radium89 Ac 锕Actinium Actinium90 Th 钍Thorium Thorium91 Pa 镤Protactinium Protactinium92 U 铀Uranium Uranium93 Np 镎Neptunium Neptunium94 Pu 钚Plutonium Plutonium95 Am 镅Americium Americium96 Cm 锔Curkelium Curkelium97 Bk 锫Berkelium Berkelium98 Cf 锎Californium Californium99 Es 镶Einsteinium Einsteinium100 Fm 镄Fermim Fermim101 Md 钔Mendelevium Mendelevium 102 No 锘Nobelium Nobelium103 Lr 铹Lawrencium Lawrencium 104 Rf 钅卢Rutherfordium英文105 Db 钅杜Dubnium106 Sg 钅喜Seaborgium107 Bh 钅波Bohriium108 Hs 钅黑Hassium109 Mt 钅麦Meitnerium110 Uun111 Uuu112 Uub。