2020安徽师范大学703应用光学考研真题硕士研究生专业课考试试题
安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试自命题试卷真题分析化学(含仪器分析)
32.理论塔板数（n）增加一倍，分离度（氏）增加几倍？若分离度提高一倍，柱长（Z）增加几 倍？•
四、推导题（10分）
33.用0.1000 mol/L的NaOH滴定20.00 mL等浓度的H3PO4溶液，试推导第二计量点 终点误差公式。（要求运用代数解析法）
五、实验题（15分）
34.测定某酸性溶液中的Mg2+含量，其中含少量Fe3\aF+和Cd2+离子.指出下列操作 中的错误并改正（简要说明理由）.
13.原子发射是最高效的元素定性分析方法之一，常以铁谱作标准谱，其原因是因为铁 谱：
(A)谱线多；(B)谱线间距离分配均匀；(C)定位准确；(D)以上皆是.
14.用pH玻璃电极测定pH约为12的碱性试液，测得pH比实际值
(A)大；(B)小；(C)相等；(D)难以确定.
15.用气相色谱分离a、b两物质，使用理论塔板数为3600的填充柱.测得在该柱上物质a、b的保留时间分别为27mm和30mm.则下面结论不正确的是：
18.配制0.1 mol/L的NaA-HA缓冲溶液，其缓冲容量0的范围是.
19.EDTA直接滴定Zn2+,以二甲酚橙(XO)为指示剂，通过计算在pH=6.5时，pZn’p与pZnep最接近，但实践中采用pH=5.0的六次甲基四胺缓冲溶液为介质，原因是在pH=6.5时①；②.
20.若两电对的电子转移数分别为1和2,为使反应完全度达到99.9%,两电对的条件电 位差至少应大于V.
21.溶剂的极性对物质的紫外-可见吸收光谱吸收峰位置有一定影响，当溶剂极性增加时,
安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试自命题试卷真题德语
2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题科目代码：243科目名称：德语（自命题）一、填入形容词变格词尾(每空1分，共10分)1.Normalerweise sagt man etwas Nett tiber das Geschenk.2.Was steht heute in der Zeitung? - Nichts besonder .3.An der StraBenecke triffi er eine Bekannt .4.Viele deutsch Eltem wollen nicht, dass Kinder so viel SiiBigkeiten essen.5.Die Hochschulen sind in Deutschland im Allgemein staatliche Einrichtungen.6.Sie ist heute schlecht Laune.7.Alle chinesisch Studenten wollen nun nicht gleich zur Arbeit gehen.8.Wegen schlecht Wetters muss das Sportfest verschoben werden.9.Trotz all Vorsicht hat er jedoch falsche Worte gesagt.10.Dieses Studienfach ist vor all ungewohnlich fur Studentinnen.二、连词成句(每题2分，共10分)1.warm, mir, Buch, du, zuruckgeben2.Peter, in, Stadt, bringen, wir3.treffen, wir, vor, Eingang, Kino, sich4.sie, Mensa, in, essen, oft5.er, ich, raten, zu, eine Pause三、选择填空(每题1分，共20分)1. Die Eltem wollen nicht, dass ihre Kinder viel essen.a) stiB b) siiBe c) SiiBe d) SuBes2. Gerade dies ist das, _ mir nicht gefallt.a) das b) was c) welches d) wessen3.Preiswert reisen mit dem Wochenende-Ticket funf Leute .a) einen Tag b) eines Tages c) an einem Tag d) fur einen Tag4.Den Grundschulen auf dem Lande fehlt es Lehrkraften.a) —b) an c) am d) fiir5.Fiir mich ist es sehr wichtig, ob diese Arbeit SpaB .a) macht b) bringt c) gibt d) nimmt6. Heute konnen nicht alle Fahrgaste im Busa) einsteigenb) unterkommen c) sitzend) stehen7. Der Student schreibt uns, stellt Fragen und bittet uma) Antwortb) Botschaft c) B escheidd) Information8. Die Geschichte iiber den altena) Mensch b) Menschen_ ist sehr interessant fur die modeme Gesellschaft, c) Menschem d) Menschsa) .b) Daranc) Davond) Daraus10. Deutschland gehort _ ________ den wichtigsten Industrielandem.a )■ b) zu c) an d) in 11. Du hast dein Buch bei dir, aber ich habe _ _________ zu Hause vergessen. a) mein b) meins c) meine d) meinem 12. Er suchtdrei Monaten nach einer Arbeitsstelle.a) abb) vorc) seitd) bis13. Was _____ Buch ist das denn?a) eigentlich b) fur ein c) fiir einend) dann14. Zu Weihnacht ist auch zu Hause viela) stattfinden b) los c) veranstalten d) gehenwissen wir noch nichts.9.15. Die haufigste Form der Lehrveranstaltungen deutschen Universitaten ist die Vbrlesung. a) aufb ) beic) and) in16. Ich habe schon versucht, Siea) anzurufenb) zuanrufenc)zu anrufend) anrufen17. Die Eltem verstecken SuBigkeiten wie Ostereier, Osterhasen usw. Die Kinder suchen tiberall imGarten oder zu Hause a) dabeib) dafurc) dazud) danach18. Sie konnena) siebei einer privaten Krankenkasse versichem lassen. b)sichc) ihnend) es19. Sie mtissen vorher bei der Arztpraxis einen Termin .a) behandeln b) vereinbaren c) nehmend) finden 20. Es gibt in Deutschland sowohl gesetzliche ____________ _ private Krankenversicherung.d) als auch a) und b) als c) auch四、 按要求写出下列动词或名词的派生词（每题1分,共10分）1. fahren （名词）2. Aufenthalt （动词）3. Studium（动词）4. Weihnacht （形容词）5. Nation （形容6. Telefbn （动词）7. an/bieten （名词）8. Frage ___________ ____ （动词）9. Geschenk _______ ____ （动词）10. moglich _________ ____ （名词）安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题安徽师范大学202S年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题。
安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试自命题试卷真题数学教学论
13B. 14 + 2^2 c. 8-Vn D. 14-2^22020年硕士研究生招生考试初试A 卷试题科目代码：892 科目名称：数学教学论一、单项选择题（请将正确答案的代号填在答题纸上，每小题4分，共40分） 三角形的外心是它的中位三角形的不等式貝＜。
的解集为（使4725k 为完全平方数的最小正整数k 是（一个圆柱的侧面展开图是一个正方形，这个圆柱的全面积与侧面积的比是（）* 1 + 2/r 1 + 4刀 、1 + 2〃 — 1 + 4几 A. ----- B. ---------------------- C. ----------------------- D. -----------------------2〃 4兀 兀 2〃 过原点的直线与圆^2 + V 2+4^ + 3 = 0相切，若切点在第二象限，则该直线的方程是（B.yZx C. y = ^-x D. y = -^x3 3由1克、2克、4克、8克、16克各一个硃码，共5个秩码所能组成的不同重量的种数为（设点户为正方形ABCD 内一点，PA = 1,PB = 3,PD = W ,则正方形ABCD 的面积为（A,内心 B.外心 C,垂心 D,重心B. -73-zC. 73-zD. 一 yj3 + iB. (―3, - 2)U(0,+s)C. (—co, —3) U (0, +oo)D. (-3,-2) U (-2,0)A. 3B. 5C. 15D. 21A. y =A. 29B. 30C. 31D. 32安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题9《普通高中数学课程标准（2017年版）》在课程目标中指出，通过高中数学课程的学习，获得进一步学习以及未来发展必需的数学的基础知识、基本技能、基本思想、（）A.基本方法B.基本能力C.基本活动经验D,基本解题技巧10《普通高中数学课程标准（2017年版）》在课程结构中指出，高中数学课程设计依据包括：依据高中数学课程方案，借鉴国际经验，体现课程改革的成果，调整课程结构，改进学业质量评价，（）A.激发学生兴趣B.减轻学生负担C.增强学生信念D.强化学生动机二、填空题（每小题4分，共20分）11在实数范围内，将/-4x + 3分解因式等于.12各根分别为方程2尸一疽- 4注+ 8 = 0的各根的（-2）倍的方程是. 13已知数列｛。
安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试自命题试卷真题政治学原理
2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题
科目代码：613
科目名称：政治学原理
一、名词解释题（共30分，每题5分）
1 .政治
2.让•博丹（Jean Bodin）
3.共和政体
4.国家机构
5.政治管理
6.国际政治体系
二、简答题（共60分，每题10分）
1.政治权力的特点有哪些？
2.简述政治权利的历史发展。
3.行政机关的职能一般有哪些？
4.社会主义国家政党制度的基本特征是什么？它由哪些因素决定?
5.简述政治思想的内容结构。
6.简述政治民主的社会政治作用。
三、论述题（共60分，每题30分）
1.论述政治参与的途径和方式。
2.党的十九届四中全会是我们党站在“两个一百年”奋斗目标历史交汇点上召开的一次十分重要的会议。
全会作出的《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》，集中体现了党的十八大以来关于制度建设和治理能力建设的重大理论和实践创新成果。
请结合实际谈谈你对制度建设和治理能力建设的总目标与工作要求的理解。
考生请注意:答案必须写在答题纸上,写在本试题纸上的无效! 第丄页，共丄页。
安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试自命题试卷真题俄语(自命题)
2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题科目代码：241科目名称：俄语（自命题）1B P OCCHH, Ha YkpaHHe, B EejiopyccHH caMoii rnaBHoii nnmen Bcer^a 6BIJI xjieS. 3aCTOJIOM Bac yrocTMT SejitiM nmeHHHHbiM xjiedoM, pyccKnn TKQ Hai^HOHajibHtiii 一HepHbiii xjie6. B^ajm OT po^HHbi pyccKne CKynaioT no BKycy Hepnoro xjie6a, MewraioT o H O口UH pyccHH, yKpaHHei］；, 6ejiopyc He c期eT o6eaaTb 6e3 xjieSa. IIoaTOMy nocjie^HHHB 3TOT ZieHL KpeCTLMHe B HaE（HOHaJIBHOH O^e翊 e BblXO^HJIH Ha nojie HKOJIOCBH xjieGa. 3TH Tpa/iuHEui *uBa H cero^iM.E CTE B EpsHCKoii o6jiacTii cejio, r^e neTyx 6yAHT na 3ape cpasy Tpn pecnySjiHKH. Cejio 3TOPKOBH^H, H CTOHT OHO na rpanniie 必cpaunti, EejiopyccnH n P OCCHH. Ka次皿CHTCJIH CTaptix lOpKOBHHen npa3^（HyK）T TopacecTBeHHtiii 口eHB Vpo/as. CJIIOJIH Ha none y peKH. ^CHB HaHHHaeTca c necen―pyccKHx,OIOT B3pocjitie, ^CTH, CTapHKH, noiOT i^ejiBie ceMtn.B 3TOT aent nojiynaioT Harpa皿Te, KTO Jiynine Bcex pa6oTaji B none.OT po^nnti?口OMy. B. IIo ceMte. C. IIo pozinHe. D. IIo BKycy nepnoro xjieSa.TO o6e人aeT 6e3 xjieGa?HTO 3TO HeoStiHRBiH neTyx.HTO 3TH Tpn pecnySjiHKH OHCHB MajieHbKne.HTO cejio CTOHT na rpanniie YtcpaHHBi, EejiopyccKM H P OCCHH.HTO y JUOACH STHX Tpex pecnyGjinK ocTpbift cjiyx.以a ^CHTCJIH CTaptix lOpKOBHHeii npaB^HyioT ^eiiB Ypo^caM?B. OceHtio.C. Becnoii.D. 3HMOH.TO nojiynaeT Harpa哗i B ^ent Ypo^caa?B. CTapHKH.C.衣emuuHBi.D. Te, KTO Jiynine Bcex paSoTan B none.2C. TaK KaK Anapea pacceMHHbiii nejioBeK.D. An^peH cnei(najiBHo TaK caejiaji.8.HoneMy paccKa3HKK nocTynaji B八Beps KBapTHpbi 3?A.O H XOTCJI cnpocHTb, r^e Haxo^HTca KBapTupa Aimpe^.B.O H XOTCJI cjiymaTb My3biKy.C.3TO KBapTHpa Aimps.D.O H ayMaeT, HTO STO, MO^KCT S BITB, KBapTHpa Aimpe又.9.KaKoii HHCTpyMeHT jiio^n HecjiH?A. BHOJioHHejib.B. Bapa6anbi.C. P OM JIB.D. Ap（|）y.10 . Kax paccKa3HHK Harneji KBapTHpy A H口pe又？A.EMy CKasajiH, rzte ^KHBCT Anapen.B.O H no3BOHHJi Anapeio H y3Haji ero HOMep KBapTHpbi.C.O H nonaJi K An^peio cjiynaHHO.D.O H nanieji KBapTHpy Anapea no a^pecy, KOTopwfi TOT ^aji.五、俄译汉（15%）CnopT 3TO Baacnaji qacTb ^KIIBHH Ka冲oro nenoBeKa. EbiBaeT, 4TO MBI3aHHMaeMC5i cnopTOM TOJibKO 川JM OT^bixa HJIH pa3BJie4eniiM. Ho ecTb samiMaiomneca criopTOM, nanpiiMep, RJM ycTaHOBJieHiis pexop^a.Bee 3H&K）T,HTO cnopT 3TO3xiopoBbe. O H yji^miaeT Harny q3ii3.n T iecKyK）c］）op.My H npHSaBJineT HHM 3HepriiK. Bjiaroaapa ciiopry MBI oouee aKTHBHbi, qro xopomo BJiHJiaeT Ha Hamy noBceflneBHjTO 芯H3HB. HeBaacHO, KHKHM B叫OM cnopTa TBI BaHHMaemBcs: q）yT6oji, 6acKeT6oji MJIH npocTO eszia Ha Bejiocnneae. He HNieeT BHaneHHa TaK灰e TO, KHKOC MCCTO TBI 3aHHMaenib B cnopie, iipo^eccMonaji TBI HHH TOJIBKO jnooHTejit cnopTa. 3TO B從neBa>KHO. fjiaBHoe, HTO6LI cnopT noMaran Te6e opraHH3OBaTt 3flopoBbifi OTJIBIX. nporyjiKn c coSaKon, coonpaHHe rpn6oB B jrecy, HJIH Kynainie B Mope - Bee STO 3aKajiHBaeT Hain opraHH3M.。
安徽师范大学考研参考书目真题笔记习题
综合俄语
1.《大学俄语》（1-7册），史铁强，外语教学与研究出版社，2010年。
662
中西音乐史
包含中国音乐史、西方音乐史。具体参考书目：
1、《中国古代音乐史简编》，夏野，上海音乐出版社；
2、《中国近现代音乐史》，汪毓和，人民音乐出版社；
3、《西方音乐通史》，于润洋，上海音乐出版社。
663
舞蹈教育学
2、《分析化学》（下册），华中师范大学等编，第四版，高教出版社。
713
有机化学
1、《有机化学》，李景宁，第五版，高教出版社，2011年版；
2、《有机化学》，胡宏纹，第三版，高教出版社，2006年版。
722
人文地理学
1、《人文地理学》，赵荣、王恩涌主编，第二版，高等教育出版社，2006年。
724
高等数学II
703
应用光学
1、《应用光学》，安连生，北京理工大学出版社。
705
模拟电子技术基础
1、《模拟电子技术基础》，童诗白、华成英主编，高等教育出版社。
711
无机化学
1、《无机化学》，宋天佑、程鹏、王杏乔、徐家宁，第三版，出版社高等教育出版社，2015年6月。
712
分析化学(含仪器分析)
1、《分析化学》，武汉大学主编，第六版，高教出版社；
安徽师范大学考研参考书目真题笔记习题
据安徽师范大学研招办消息，2020年安徽师范大学硕士研究生招生考试参考书目已发布，详情如下：
科目代码
科目名称
参考书目
211
翻译硕士英语
1、《翻译硕士英语》，周琼，黄敏主编，武汉大学出版社，2016年；
2、英语专业八）
1、《俄语入门》（上下册），外语教学与研究出版社，2017年。
安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试自命题试卷真题基础英语
2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题科目代码：652科目名称：基础英语Part I. Vocabulary (20 points)Directions: There are twenty sentences in this part. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.1.Alex Smith's proved keenest when he accurately predicted that his books would someday appear in his native Russia.A.foresightB. nostalgiaC. follyD. despair2.Even in her fiction writing, Denise Chavez functions as a kind of historian in that she the real experiences of Hispanic women through her characters.A.predictsB. defendsC. chroniclesD. surmises3.Known for her , Miranda eagerly welcomes anyone into her home.A.cowardiceB. prudenceC. hospitalityD. loyalty4.The dancer's performing style was and , with each move taken from another artist, andpoorly executed at that.A. rousing.. .memorableB. pedestrian...evolvingC. chaotic.. .unprecedentedD. spontaneous.. .graceless5. Evidence that the universe is expanding our perception of the cosmos and thus caused ain astronomical thinking.A. advanced.. .setbackB. altered...revolutionC. reinforced...crisisD. halted...breakthrough6.The prose of Richard Wrighfs autobiographical Black Boy (1945) is , free of stylistic tricks or evasiveness.A.impreciseB. straightforwardC. deficientD. obtrusive7.Popular interest in music performed by folk singer Jean Richie acted as a because it a wider interest in the music of Ritchie 5s native Kentucky.unchedB. panacea...overcameC. barrier...awakenedD. catalyst...stirred8.Rose smiled approvingly but gave neither written nor spoken permission to proceed with the project: her consent, in short, was .A. tacitB. ferventC. unqualifiedD. impetuous9.Paradoxically, during the French Revolution, the very leaders who proclaimed philosophies sometimes also engaged in practices.A. regal...imperialB. simplistic...neutralC. liberating...repressiveD. totalitarian...absolutist10.Texas is known for its wild orchids, whose is evident in their colors: 52 species have been catalogued, ranging from pure white to bright red.A. novelty...traditionalB. diversity...myriadC. stature... uniformD. starkness... vibrant11.The testimony of eyewitnesses is notoriously ; emotion an excitement all too often cause our minds to distort what we see.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may .A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer records安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题C.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission3.According to the author, competition law .A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because .A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers5.The ants analogy is used to illustrate .A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants5 customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 2The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS's ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved—Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users一has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter pennanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint 考生请注意:答案必须写在答题纸上,写在本试题纸上的无效!第4页,共11页by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate一where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There?s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency's costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they're getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.6.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by .A.its unbalanced budgetB.its rigid managementC.the cost for technical upgradingD.the withdrawal of bank support7.According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to .A.the interference from interest groupsB.the inadequate funding from CongressC.the shrinking demand fbr postal serviceD.the incompetence of postal unions8.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by .A.removing its burden of retiree health careB.making more investment in new vehiclesC.adopting a new rate-increase mechanismD.attracting more first-class mail users9.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with .A.respectB.toleranceC.discontentD.gratitude10.Which of the following would be the best title fbr the text?A.The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days.B.The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese.C.The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure.D.The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-Aid.Text 3Roger Rosenblatt's book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteriato its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, 考生请注意:答案必须写在答题纸上,写在本试题纸上的无效!第5页,共］］页D. correct an erroneous belief by describing its origins Partill. The Knowledge of English Language and Culture (15 points) A. choose the best answer that completes the statement(5 points) 1. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? A. The Anglo-Saxons B. The Normans C. The Vikings 2. Why did the British government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with "direct-rule" fromLondon?A. The power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. The Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C. The Power-Sharing policy couldn't be carried out.D. All the above.3. By whom is a "vote of no confidence^^ decided? A. The House of Commons. B. The House of Lords. C. The two major parties. D. The Prime Minister.4. Among the following writers, who was NOT one of the great trio? A. Ben Johnson B. William Shakespeare C. Thomas Malory D. Christopher Marlowe5. Which of the following writers was the most famous Scottish novelist?A. D.H. Lawrence. D. Sir Walter Scott.6. Unlike Martin Luther King, self defense and black pride. A. Malcolm X C. Ella Baker7. In the 1960s, feminism was reborn. Many women were dissatisfied with their lives, and in 1963, with the publication ofby, they found a voice.A. The Feminine Mystique, Betty FridanB. Profiles in Courage, John F. KennedyC. The Other America, Michael HarringtonD. Catcher in the Rye, J.D. SalingerA. Sherwood AndersonB. Stephen CraneD. Theodore Dreiser9. Among the following Native American writers, whose publications are regarded as sparking the beginning of the Native American Renaissance 、 A. James Welch ,s. C. Louise Erdrich's.D. Ray Young Bear's.D. The RomansB. Charles Dickens.C. Jonathan Swift.the chief spokesperson of Black Muslims advocated violence inB. Stokely Carmichael D. James FarmerC. Jack LondonB. Scott Momaday's.10.Which of the following statements is Not true?A.Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland.B.Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called Unionists.C.The Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political party in Britain.D.Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called Loyalists.B. Tell what you know about the following in your own words briefly. (10 points)1.Home Rule2.Elizabethan Drama3.The Open University4.“Glass ceiling^,5.Samuel SlaterPart IV. Cloze (20 points)Directions: Choose the right word from the list given below for each blank. Note: each word can only be used once. You don't have to change the form of words.ability access admired allowed sillyguide current hiding includes motivationhappiness palpable value wisely informationrevealed puzzle chose similar aheadThe phrase bird-brain may be used to describe someone being 1) , but this is not the case for ravens. Long 2) fbr their intelligence, ravens are now known to be able to plan 3) , a skill previously thought to belong only to humans. Researchers learned ravens could remember key 4) for a future task through tests. Until now, some corvids 一the family of birds that 5) ravens - have shown the 6) to plan beyond the present, fbr example by 7) food fbr later.But the latest experiments 8) that ravens can 9) forego an immediate reward in order to get a better one in the future. In one of the tests, ravens were trained to use a tool to open a 10) box in order to 11) a reward. And then, the ravens were presented with a tool to open a box and an immediate reward, but were only 12) t o choose one or the other. Ravens remembered that the reward in the box was better than the immediate reward, and almost all of them 13) the tool.Ravens5 14) fbr planning is still unknown, but it may be 15) to ours. The human brain stores memories of past events to 16) decision-making about 17) and future events. Planning tends to come about when the higher 18) of a future reward is 19) , or when one imagines the 20) that will come by retrieving food in the future.。
安徽师范大学2020年硕士研究生招生考试自命题试卷真题马克思主义哲学原理
2020年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题科目代码：611
科目名称：马克思主义哲学原理
一、简答题（每小题15分，共75分）
1.简述世界观与人生观的关系。
2.简述马克思主义哲学的物质概念及其意义。
3.简述量变质变的辩证关系。
4.简述自由与必然的关系。
5.如何理解人民群众是历史的创造者？
二、论述题（每小题25分，共75分）
1.为什么说辩证法按其本质来说是批判的和革命的？
2.如何理解真理的本质、特性及其检验标准？
3.如何理解人化自然与人类社会的关系？
考生请注意:答案必须写在答题纸上,写在本试题纸上的无效! 第丄页，共丄页。