英语五种基本句型

英语五种基本句型意义：英语的句式与中文的不同。

我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这个点。

有的同学在学习中对此没有充足的理解，常常受中文的干扰。

在写作中表现出不能写出准确的句子。

I. 什么是句子？长的是句子，短的是词。

无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语（动词），而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子。

I am tired.Pressing one’s palm together and resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand while closin g the eyes as if sleeping means“I am tired.”____________________________________________________________________”）这两个句子都具备了___语和____语。

都是完整的句子。

要记住：在英语中，一个句子必须且只能有一个谓语。

1. 省略主语的句子Come in, please. (______)Open the door.What a day! (What ____ _____ _____ ______ _____!)2. 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。

典型错误：1) The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.∟2) I enjoy talk with him over a cup of coffee.∟3) The boy ran to his mother cry.∟4) After write the notice, he put it up on the wall.∟3. 不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语, 或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。

如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。

典型错误：1）1）Those who eat too much will easily ill.∟2) When he walking in the park, he felt a little tired.∟3）When I at school, I studied very hard.∟II. Practice：判断以下是否是句子。

1.Birds can fly2.The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday3.Wait for me at the station4. If you know how to play with words to make people laugh5. A way of saying “I’m sorry”6. Patting the stomach before a meal7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store.8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home9. If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer spaceIII. 常见的句子结构因为英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。

和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。

表达同一个意思时，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。

如：表示“听” 这个意义时，_______ 是不及物动词；_________是及物动词。

表示“看” 这个意义时，__________是不及物动词，_______ watch和notice就是及物动词。

表示“到达”，_________是不及物动词，__________是及物动词。

不及物动词是不能接宾语的。

只能加上一个介词，才能接宾语。

如：listen ____, look _____, arrive ______等等。

1. 主语+ 不及物动词e.g. He came in.The airplane from Hong Kong _______ (到达) at four p.m.How did the accident ________（发生）?Australia has ______（改变）a lot in the past forty years.2. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语常见的系动词有：be, seem, appear, become, go, get, grow, turn,look, sound, feel, taste, smelle.g. She _____ very happy. (×She very happy.)We ______ proud of our friends.It ______ useless trying to argue with him.I _______ caught in the traffic.He _______ （似乎）to have misunderstood you.3. 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语e.g. We learn English at school.He wondered whether Bill had managed to escape.I didn’t mean to be so rude.4. 主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语有些动词需要接两个宾语。

间接宾语一般由人担任，直接宾语一般由物担任。

give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,costmake, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。

e.g. My brother gave me a book.Who sent you the computer?这样的句子变为被动时可根据需要，将任何一个宾语作为句子的主语。

e.g. ___________________________________________________________________.5. 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾补e.g. Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this money.The growth in population made New York the largest city in the USA.【模拟试题】改错练习：1. Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you.2. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.3. Listen! Someone knocking at the door.4. He told me don’t call him before 9 o’clock.5. Does your parents allow you make your own decision?6. Although it is only August, but the weather is getting worse daily.7. Because the professor had fallen ill, so he was not able to be present at the conference.8. In Japan, a person sees the “OK” gesture may think it means money.9. When I past his room, I heard him singing an English song.翻译练习：(一)1李明学习很努力。

2.事故是昨天下午发生的。

3春天就要来了.4我们住在这个城市已相关10年了.5学生们学习很努力。

6 她再次向我道歉。

(二)1.这是本英汉辞典。

2.午餐的气味很好。

3.他堕入了情网。

4. 一切看来都不同了。

5.他长得又高又壮。

6.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

(三)1. 谁知道答案？2. 她微笑表示感谢。

3. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。

4.他喜欢看书。

5. 他们吃了剩饭。

6.他说：“早上好！”(四)1. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

2.她给丈夫煮了一顿美味的饭。

3.他给你买了一本字典。

4. 他对她什么都不拒绝5.我给他看我的照片。

6.我洗了我的汽车。

(五)1.他们任命他当经理。

2.他们把门漆成绿色。

3. 这使得他们要细想一想。

4.他们发现那房子无人居住。

5. 他怎么会这样想？6.我们送他出去。

参考答案：(一)1.Li Ming works very hard.2.The accident happened yesterday afternoon3.Spring is coming.4.We have lived in the city for ten years.5.The students work very hard.6.She apologized to me again.(二)1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner smells good.3. He fell in love.4. Everything looks different.5. He is growing tall and strong.6. The trouble is that they are short of money.(三)1. Who knows the answer?2. She smiled her thanks.3. He has refused to help them.。

4. He enjoys reading.5. They ate what was left over.6. He said "Good morning."(四)1. She ordered herself a new dress.。

2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.3. He brought you a dictionary.4. He denies her nothing.5. I showed him my pictures.6. I gave my car a wash.(五)1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. This set them thinking.4. They found the house deserted.5. What makes him think so?6. We saw him out.参考答案【试题答案】1. listen→hear2. 去掉been3. ∧knocking → is knocking4. don’t → not to5. ∧make →to make6. 去掉but7. 去掉so 8. ∧sees→who sees9. past → passed或∧past → w alked past。