中级微观经济学考题
中级微观经济学测试题
Intermediate Microeconomics Mid-term Test 2005 (A) Name: Student No.: Class:Section 1 True or false.（20 points, 2 points each）1. With quasi-linear preferences, the equivalent variation and the compensating variation in income due to a price increase of one good are the same.2. If all prices double and income triples, then the budget line will become steeper.3. A consumer who can borrow and lend at the same interest rate should prefer an endowment with a higher present value to an endowment with a lower present value, no matter how he plans to allocate consumption over the course of his life.4. The marginal rate of substitution measures the distance between one indifference curve and the next one.5. Fred has a Cobb-Douglas utility function with exponents that sum to 1. Sally consumes the same two goods, but the two goods are perfect substitutes for her. Despite these differences, Fred and Sally have the same price offer curves.6. For a consumer who has an allowance to spend and no endowment of goods,a decrease in the price of a Giffen good consumed makes him better off.7. Alice's utility function is U(x, y)= x2y. Steve's utility function is U(x, y)= x2y + 2x. Alice and Steve have the same preferences since Steve's utility function is a monotonic transformation of Alice's.8. Susan is a net borrower when the interest rate is 10% and a net saver when the interest rate is 20%. A decrease in the interest rate from 20% to 10% may make Susan worse off.9. If someone has a Cobb-Douglas utility function and no income from any source other than labor earnings, then an increase in wages will not change the amount that person chooses to work.10. If two assets have the same expected rate of return but different variances, arisk-averse investor should always choose the one with the smaller variance, no matter what other assets she holds.Section 2 Single Choice. (80points, 4 points each)11. When the prices were ($5, $1), Vanessa chose the bundle (x, y)= (6, 3). Nowat the new prices, (p x, p y), she chooses the bundle (x, y)= (5, 7). ForVanessa's behavior to be consistent with the weak axiom of revealedpreference, it must be thatA. 4p y < p x.B. p x < 4py.C. 5p y < p x.D. p y= 5p x.E. None of the above.12. Henry's utility function is x2 + 16xw + 64w2, where x is his consumption ofx and w is his consumption of w.A. Henry's preferences are strictly non-convex.B. Henry's indifference curves are straight lines.C. Henry has a bliss point.D. Henry's indifference curves are hyperbolas.E. None of the above.13. In a certain kingdom, the demand function for rye bread was q = 381 - 3pand the supply function was q = 5 + 7p, where p is the price in peso and q is loaves of bread. The king made it illegal to sell rye bread for a price above32 peso per loaf. To avoid shortages, he agreed to pay bakers enough of asubsidy for each loaf of bread so as to make supply equal demand. Howmuch would the subsidy per loaf have to be?A. 21 pesoB. 14 pesoC. 8 pesoD. 5.6 pesoE. None of the above.14. If there are only two goods, if more of good 1 is always preferred to less,and if less of good 2 is always preferred to more, then indifference curvesA. slope downward.B. slope upward.C. may cross.D. could take the form of ellipses.E. None of the above.15. Clarissa's utility function is U(r, z)= z + 120r - r 2, where r is the number ofrose plants she has in her garden and z is the number of zinnias. She has250 square feet to allocate to roses and zinnias. Roses each take up 4 square feet and zinnias each take up 1 square foot. She gets the plants for free froma generous friend. If she acquires another 100 square feet of land for hergarden and her utility function remains unchanged, she will plantA. 99 more zinnias and some more roses.B. 20 more roses and 20 more zinnias.C. 25 more roses and no more zinnias.D. 100 more zinnias and no more roses.E. None of the above.16. Janet consumes two commodities x and y. Her utility function is min{x + 2y,y + 2x}. She chooses to buy 10 units of good x and 20 units of good y. Theprice of good x is $1. Janet's income isA. $40.B. $50.C. $30.D. $20.E. There is not enough information in the problem to determine herincome because we are not told the price of good y.17. Bernice’s utility function is min {x, y}, where x is her consumption ofearrings and y is money left for other stuff (x and y can be fractional). If he had an income of $12 and was paying a price of $4 for a pair of earrings,then if the price of earrings went up to $6, the equivalent variation of theprice change would beA. $4.80.B. $3.43.C. $1.71.D. $9.60.E. $4.11.18. Jane's utility function is U(x, y)= x + 2y, where x is her consumption ofgood X and y is her consumption of good Y . Her income is $2. The price of Y is $2. The cost per unit of X depends on how many units she buys. Thetotal cost of x units of X is the square root of x.A. The bundle (1/4, 3/4)is Jane's utility maximizing choice, given herbudget.B. The bundle (1, 1/2)is Jane's utility maximizing choice, given her budget.C. Given her budget, Jane would maximize her utility by spending all ofher income on good X.D. Given her budget, Jane would maximize her utility by spending all ofher income on good Y .E. None of the above.19. Ambrose's brother Francis has an income of $100 and a utility functionU(x1, x2) =50x11/2+x2, where x1is his consumption of nuts and x2is hisconsumption of berries. The price of nuts is $5 and the price of berries is $1.How many units of nuts will Francis demand?A. 30B. 25C. 20D. 90E. None of the above.20. Miss Muffet consumes only whey and curds. She insists on consuming 2units of whey per 1 unit of curds. If the price of curds is $5 and the price of whey is $6, then if Miss Muffet's income is m, her demand for curds will beA. 5c + 6w = m.B. 6m/5.C. 5m.D. m/5.E. m/17.21. Holly consumes x and y. The price of x is 4 and the price of y is 4. Holly'sonly source of income is her endowment of 6 units of x and 6 units of ywhich she can buy or sell at the going prices. She plans to consume 7 units of x and 5 units of y. If the prices change to $7 for x and $7 for y,A. she is better off.B. she is worse off.C. she is neither better off nor worse off.D. she is better off if she has nonconvex preferences.E. We can't tell whether she is better off or worse off unless we know herutility function.22. In an isolated mountain village, the only crop is corn. Villagers plan for twotime periods. In the first time period each villager will harvest 100 bushels.In the second time period, no corn will be harvested. There is no trade with the rest of the world and no stocks of corn remain from before the firstperiod. Corn can be stored from one time period to the next, but rats eat25% of what is stored. The villagers all have Cobb-Douglas utility functions U(C1,C2) = C1C2 and can allocate their own corn between consumptionand storage as they wish. If the introduction of cats to the village reducesthe rats' predations to 10% of what is stored,A. consumption in the first time period will not change.B. consumption in the first time period will increase by more than 5%.C. consumption in the first time period will increase but by less than 5%.D. consumption in the second time period will not change.E. consumption in the first time period will decrease.23. A bond has a face value of 5,000 dollars. It will pay 500 dollars in interest atthe end of every year for the next 45 years. At the time of the last interestpayment, 45 years from now, the company will buy back the bond from its owner at a price equal to the face value of the bond. If the interest rate is10% and is expected to remain at 10%, how much would a rational investor pay for this bond right now?A. 5,000 dollarsB. 27,500 dollarsC. 22,500 dollarsD. More than any of the above amountsE. Less than any of the above amounts24．Cindy consumes goods x and y. Her demand for x is given by x(p x,m) = 0.04m - 4.24p x. Now her income is $322, the price of x is $2, and the price of y is $1. If the price of x rises to $3 and if we denote the income effect on herdemand for x by DI and the substitution effect on her demand for x by DS, thenA. DI = 0 and DS = -2.00.B. DI = -0.18 and DS = -0.52.C. DI = -4.06 and DS = -0.18.D. DI = -0.18 and DS = -4.06.E. DI = -0.52 and DS = -0.18.25. Will is paid $10 an hour for the first 40 hours per week that he works. Hecan also work as many hours overtime as he wishes to. He is paid $15 anhour for every hour that he works beyond 40 hours a week. Leisure is anormal good for Will and he is currently working some overtime. If hishourly wage for the first 40 hours per week that he works rises to $12 and his wages for overtime remain at $15 per hour, he will choose to workA. fewer hours per week.B. more hours per week.C. the same number of hours per week.D. more hours per week if and only if his income exceeds his labor income.E. more hours per day if and only if he works less than 20 hours overtimeper week.26. Charlie's utility function is x A x B. The price of apples used to be $1 per unitand the price of bananas was $2 per unit. His income was $40 per day. Ifthe price of apples increased to $2.25 and the price of bananas fell to $1.25, then in order to be able to just afford his old bundle, Charlie would have to have a daily income ofA. $57.50.B. $116.C. $28.75.D. $86.25.E. $230.27. Goldie is a college student and she is facing several bundles. If the onlyinformation we had about Goldie were that she chooses the bundle (6, 6)when prices are (6, 7) and she chooses the bundle (10, 0) when prices are (5,5), then we could conclude thatA. the bundle (6, 6) is revealed preferred to (10, 0) but there is no evidencethat she violates WARP.B. Goldie violates WARP.C. the bundle (10, 0) is revealed preferred to (6, 6) and she violates WARP.D. neither bundle is revealed preferred to the other.E. the bundle (10, 0) is revealed preferred to (6, 6) but there is no evidencethat she violates WARP.28. Albin has quasi-linear preferences and he loves pretzels. His inversedemand function for pretzels is p(x)= 49 - 6x, where x is the number ofpretzels that he consumes. He is currently consuming 8 pretzels at a price of $1 per pretzel. If the price of pretzels rises to $7 per pretzel, the change in Albin's consumer surplus isA. -$90.B. -$56.C. -$42.D. -$45.E. -$42.29. In the village of Frankfurter, the demand function for sausages per personis D(p)= 20 - 1.5p, where p is the price of a single sausage. The presentpopulation of Frankfurter is 100 persons. Suppose that 10 more peoplemove into town, each of whom has the same demand function as the oldresidents. At a price of $2, the absolute value of the price elasticity ofmarket demand for sausages in Frankfurter isA. increased by 10%.B. decreased by 10%.C. unchanged.D. increased by 15%.E. None of the above.30. At a large institution of higher learning, the demand for football tickets ateach game is 100,000 -6,000p. If the capacity of the stadium at thatuniversity is 40,000 seats, what is the revenue maximizing price for thisuniversity to charge per ticket?A. $16.67B. $8.33C. $6.67D. $10E. None of the above.。
中级微观经济学试题
《中级微观经济学》试题一、名词解释需求的交叉价格弹性；产品差别；需求的变动和需求量的变动；边际产品价值吉芬商品；正常利润和经济利润二、选择题1、垄断和垄断竞争之间的主要区别是a 前者依据MR=MC最大化其利润，后者不是b 前者厂商的需求曲线和市场需求曲线是一致的，而后者不是c 前者拥有影响市场的权力d 以上全对2、完全竞争和垄断竞争之间重要相同点是a 长期当中，价格等于平均成本，边际收益等于边际成本b 产品异质的程度c 长期平均成本上使厂商利润最大化的点是相同的d 以上全都不对3、下列哪种情况不正确，a 如果供给减少，需求不变，均衡价格将上升b 如果供给增加，需求减少，均衡价格将下降c 如果需求增加，供给减少，均衡价格将上升d 如果需求减少，供给增加，均衡价格将上升4、无差异曲线的斜率被称为a 边际代替率b 边际技术代替率c 边际转换率d 边际效用5 、对于一个竞争性厂商而言，应使a P=ACb P=MR=ACc P=AR=MCd P=AR=MR6、正常利润是a 经济利润的一部分b 经济成本的一部分c 隐含成本的一部分d b和c两者6. 如果甲商品价格上升引起乙商品的需求曲线向左下方移动，那么a 甲和乙是替代品b 甲和乙是互补品c 甲是正常品，乙上次等品d 甲是次等品，乙是正常品7. 等产量线的斜率被称为a 边际代替率b 边际技术替代率c 边际转换率d 边际产品8. 一个完全竞争厂商发生亏损时，所在行业趋于长期均衡过程中可能发生的情况时a 较高的价格和较少的厂商b 较低的价格和较少的厂商c 较高的价格和较多的厂商d 较低的价格和较多的厂商三、是非题1．如果偏好是传递的，那么商品越多越好。
2．偏好为凸性的消费者认为两组合(1，4)和(9，2)并无差异。
那她至少不会更不喜欢(5，3)。
3．小马的效用函数是max{x,y}，他的偏好是凸的。
4．如果两商品是替代品，那么其中一商品涨价会引起另一商品的需求下降。
中级微观经济学考题
中级微观经济学考题《中级微观经济学》习题第一章绪论1、英国古典经济学家大卫·李嘉图在《政治经济学及税赋原理》一书中认为，市场经济是商业完全自由的经济制度，如果没有外在干预的影响，它会自然地、有序地发展下去。
李嘉图指出：“在没有政府的干预时，农业、商业和制造业最为繁荣。
”国家需要做的全部事情，就是避免一切干预，既不要鼓励生产的一个源泉，也不要抑制另一个源泉。
对此观点，你有什么看法？请予以系统论述。
2、微观经济学研究极大满足人类需要的方式，但这真的是一个切合实际的目标吗？比如，假设人民需要不好的东西，如吸毒、酗酒等等。
尽可能满足人们的这些需要仍是切合实际的吗？微观经济学对人们的需要的假设有什么问题？你认为应怎样改进？3、对大多数经济政策问题，人们可以发现经济学家之间存在很大的分歧，这能证明经济学不是一门科学吗？4、在评价经济学家的论述的准确性时，你是否能够区分：（1）经济学家的那些论述是描述性的？（2）那些是它们关于究竟应采取何种政策的论述。
5、西方有一种“奥卡姆剃刀”原则：如无必要，勿增实体。
如果两个模型预测的准确度相同，我们应选择不太复杂的那个？你是否赞成这种观点？你如何去判断一个模型的复杂程度？6、为什么一个不能通过经验事实来验证的理论不是一个好的理论？第二章供给和需求的基本原理1、需求的价格弹性有哪些类型？它们是怎样划分的？2、什么是价格控制？政府干预市场价格的后果是什么？3、短期弹性与长期弹性的区别？4、影响需求弹性与价格弹性的因素分别有哪些？5、假定需求函数为N=，其中M不是收入，P表示水平价格，N（N>0）Q-MP为常数。
求：需求的价格点弹性和需求的收入点弹性。
6、若某商品市场是有100个消费者，其中，60个消费者购买该市场1/3的商品，且每个消费者的需求的价格弹性为3；另外40个消费者购买该市场2/3的商品，且每个消费者的需求的价格弹性为6。
求：按照100个消费者合计的需求的价格弹性是多少？7、画图说明蛛网模型的三种情况。
中级微观经济学题库
中级微观经济学题库
1. 什么是边际效用？
2. 解释价格弹性的概念，并给出如何计算价格弹性的公式。
3. 解释市场需求的法则，并解释市场需求曲线的形状。
4. 什么是边际成本？又如何计算边际成本？
5. 解释完全竞争市场的特征，并在图形上表示完全竞争市场的短期和长期均衡。
6. 向下倾斜的需求曲线意味着什么？提供一个例如解释。
7. 解释跨弹性的概念，并描述市场上的一个产品，其价格弹性为跨弹性。
8. 解释垄断竞争市场的特征，并在图形上表示垄断竞争市场的短期和长期均衡。
9. 解释一个市场处于垄断地位的情况，如何影响市场价格和供应量。
提供一个例如解释。
10. 解释纯收益的概念，以及利润最大化的定理在什么条件下成立。
11. 什么是收益曲线？如何用它来判断利润最大化的水平和价格？
12. 解释如何用边际分析来确定最优的生产决策，以及如何确定最优产出水平。
13. 解释生产函数的概念，并解释如何计算其边际产出。
14. 什么是价格歧视？提供一个例子，并解释大规模价格歧视和第一、第二价格歧视的概念。
15. 解释长期供应曲线的概念，以及它如何受到技术进步、资源价格和生产成本等因素的影响。
中级微观经济学45道题（含答案）
中级微观经济学45道题（含答案）中级微观经济学期末考试复习题（版权归13企业管理班所有，翻版必究，哈哈！）1.实现委托代理最优合约设计的两个约束条件是什么、答：⼀种是代理⼈的个⼈理性约束，即委托⼈得保证让代理⼈不跳槽，安于经理岗位。
另⼀种是对代理⼈的激励相容约束，即让代理⼈⾃⼰去选择⾏动值a，使其期望的边际效⽤值达到最⼤。
2、为何需求的价格弹性⼤于1时，降价能增加收益，⽽需求的价格弹性⼩于1时，涨价能增加收益，请给出数学证明。
答：需求的价格弹性公式为：由公式可知，当|e|>1，即富于弹性时，MR<0，边际收益为负，即提⾼价格，收益降低，相反，降低价格则收益升⾼。
当|e|<1，即缺乏弹性时，MR>0，边际收益为正，即提⾼价格，收益升⾼，相反，降低价格，收益变少。
3.简述公共产品与私⼈产品的差异。
（微观经济学⼗⼋讲P352）答：公共品是指由公共部门提供⽤来满⾜社会公共需要的商品和服务。
公共品具有不可分割性、⾮竞争性和⾮排他性。
但是必须明确并不是全部的公共品都应由公共部门提供。
私⼈品是指那些具有效⽤上的可分割性，消费上的竞争性和受益上的排他性的产品。
公共品和私⼈品的区别在于，公共品是可以让⼀群⼈同时消费的物品，⽽私⼈品在任何时候只能为⼀个使⽤者提供效⽤。
%4、毕加索油画的供给价格弹性是多少，为什么答：弹性0，因为供给的价格弹性反映价格变动对供给数量变动的影响。
毕加索的油画是唯⼀的，因此，不管价格如何变动，供给为1，即供给不随价格变动⽽变动，弹性为0。
5、完全竞争市场条件下，为什么⾏业中所有⼚商的经济利润在长期均衡时都会为零这是否意味着⼚商的⽣产变得没有意义西⽅经济学中所谓长期均衡时利润为零，是指经济利润为零，并不是会计利润为零。
所谓经济利润，通常也叫超额利润，就是⼀个⼚商赚取了较之⼀般利润⽔平更⾼的利润。
之所以如此，这是因为，在西⽅经济学理论上，会计利润被计⼊⼚商投⼊⾃有要素所应获得的报酬，是产品的隐含成本。
中级微观经济学48题及答案【考研考博专用,必备48题!!】
第一部分 消费者选择理论1。
有两种商品，x1和x2,价格分别为p1和p2,收入为m 。
当11x x ≥时，政府加数量税t ，画出预算集并写出预算线2。
消费者消费两种商品（x1,x2），如果花同样多的钱可以买（4,6）或(12,2),写出预算线的表达式。
3．重新描述中国粮价改革（1）假设没有任何市场干预，中国的粮价为每斤0.4元,每人收入为100元。
把粮食消费量计为x ，在其它商品上的开支为y,写出预算线，并画图。
（2）假设每人得到30斤粮票，可以凭票以0.2元的价格买粮食，再写预算约束，画图。
（3）假设取消粮票，补贴每人6元钱，写预算约束并画图。
4． 证两条无差异曲线不能相交5． 一元纸币（x1）和五元纸币（x2)的边际替代率是多少？ 6． 若商品1为中性商品,则它对商品2的边际替代率？7。
写出下列情形的效用函数，画出无差异曲线,并在给定价格（p 1，p 2）和收入（m ）的情形下求最优解。
（1）x 1=一元纸币，x 2=五元纸币。
（2）x 1=一杯咖啡,x 2=一勺糖, 消费者喜欢在每杯咖啡加两勺糖。
8. 解最优选择 （1）21212(,)u x x x x =⋅(2）2u x =+9. 对下列效用函数推导对商品1的需求函数,反需求函数，恩格尔曲线；在图上大致画出价格提供曲线，收入提供曲线；说明商品一是否正常品、劣质品、一般商品、吉芬商品，商品二与商品一是替代还是互补关系。
(1）212x x u += （2)()212,m in x x u =(3)ba x x u 21⋅=（4) 12ln u x x =+，10. 当偏好为完全替代时，计算当价格变化时的收入效用和替代效用（注意分情况讨论）.11. 给定效用函数 (,)x y xy =，p x =3，p y =4，m=60，求当p y 降为3时价格变化引起的替代效应和收入效应。
12. 用显示偏好的弱公理说明为什么Slutsky 替代效应为负。
中级微观经济学习题及答案
中级微观经济学习题及答案ANSWERS1 The Market1. Suppose that there were 25 people who had a reservation price of $500, and the 26th person had a reservation price of $200. What would the demand curve look like?1.1. It would be constant at $500 for 25 apartments and then drop to $200.2. In the above example, what would the equilibrium price be if there were 24 apartments to rent? What if there were 26 apartments to rent?What if there were 25 apartments to rent?1.2. In the ?rst case, $500, and in the second case, $200. In the third case, the equilibrium price would be any price between $200 and $500.3. If people have di?erent reservation prices, why does the market demand curve slope down?1.3. Because if we want to rent one more apartment, we have to o?er a lower price. The number of people who have reservation prices greater than p must always increase as p decreases.4. In the text we assumed that the condominium purchasers came from the inner-ring people—people who were already rentingapartments. What would happen to the price of inner-ring apartments if all of the condominium purchasers were outer-ring people—the people who were not currently renting apartments in the inner ring? 1.4. The price of apartments in the inner ring would go up since demand for apartments would not change but supply would decrease.5. Suppose now that the condominium purchasers were all inner-ring people, but that each condominium was constructed from two apartments. What would happen to the price of apartments?1.5. The price of apartments in the inner ring would rise.6. What do you suppose the e?ect of a tax would be on the number of apartments that would be built in the long run?1.6. A tax would undoubtedly reduce the number of apartments supplied in the long run.7. Suppose the demand curve is D(p) = 100?2p. What price would the monopolist set if he had 60 apartments? How many would he rent? What price would he set if he had 40 apartments? How many would he rent?1.7. He would set a price of 25 and rent 50 apartments. In the second case he would rent all 40 apartments at the maximum price the marketwould bear. This would be given by the solution to D(p) = 100?2p = 40, which is p? = 30.8. If our model of rent control allowed for unrestricted subletting, who would end up getting apartments in the inner circle? Would the outcome be Pareto e?cient?1.8. Everyone who had a reservation price higher than the equilibrium price in the competitive market, so that the ?nal outcome would be Pareto e?cient.(Of course in the long run there would probably be fewer new apartments built, which would lead to another kind of ine?ciency.)2 Budget Constraint1. Originally the consumer faces the budget line p1x1 + p2x2 = m. Then the price of good 1 doubles, the price of good 2 becomes 8 times larger, and income becomes 4 times larger. Write down an equation for the new budget line in terms of the original prices and income.2.1. The new budget line is given by 2p1x1 +8p2x2 =4m.2. What happens to the budget line if the price of good 2 increases, but the price of good 1 and income remain constant? 2.2. The vertical intercept (axis) decreases and the horizontalx2intercept (axis) stays the same. Thus the budget line becomes ?atter.x13. If the price of good 1 doubles and the price of good 2 triples, does the budget line become ?atter or steeper?2.3. Flatter. The slope is ?2/3.p1p24. What is the de?nition of a numeraire good?2.4. A good whose price has been set to 1; all other goods’ prices are measured relative to the numeraire good’s price.5. Suppose that the government puts a tax of 15 cents a gallon on gasoline and then later decides to put a subsidy on gasoline at a rate of 7 cents a gallon. What net tax is this combination equivalent to?2.5. A tax of 8 cents a gallon.6. Suppose that a budget equation is given by += m. Thep1x1p2x2 government decides to impose a lump-sum tax of u, a quantity tax on good 1 of t, and a quantity subsidy on good 2 of s. What is the formula for the new budget line?2.6. (+ t)+(?s)= m?u.p1x1p2x27. If the income of the consumer increases and one of the prices decreases at the same time, will the consumer necessarily be at leastas well-o??2.7. Yes, since all of the bundles the consumer could a?ord before are a?ordable at the new prices and income.3 Preferences1. If we observe a consumer choosing (,) when (,) is availablex1x2y1y2one time, are we justi?ed in concluding that (,)>(,)?x1x2y1y23.1. No. It might be that the consumer was indi?erent between the two bundles. All we are justi?ed in concluding is that (,)> (,).x1x2y1y22. Consider a group of people A, B, C and the relation “at least as tall as,” as in “A is at least as tall as B.” Is this relation transitive? Is it complete?3.2. Yes to both.3. Take the same group of people and consider the relation “strictly taller than.” Is this relation transitive? Is it re?exive? Is it complete? 3.3. It is transitive, but it is not complete—two people might be the same height. It is not re?exive since it is false that a person is strictly taller than himself.4. A college football coach says that given any two linemen A and B, he always prefers the one who is bigger and faster. Is this preferencerelation transitive? Is it complete?3.4. It is transitive, but not complete. What if A were bigger but slower than B? Which one would he prefer?5. Can an indi?erence curve cross itself? For example, could Figure 3.2 depict a single indi?erence curve?3.5. Yes. An indi?erence curve can cross itself, it just can’t cross another distinct indi?erence curve.6. Could Figure 3.2 be a single indi?erence curve if preferences are monotonic?3.6. No, because there are bundles on the indi?erence curve that have strictly more of both goods than other bundles on the (alleged) indi?erence curve.7. If both pepperoni and anchovies are bads, will the indi?erence curve have a positive or a negative slope?3.7. A negative slope. If you give the consumer more anchovies, you’ve made him worse o?, so you have to take away some pepperoni to get him back on his indi?erence curve. In this case the direction of increasing utility is toward the origin.8. Explain why convex preferences means that “averages are preferred to extremes.”3.8. Because the consumer weakly prefers the weighted average of two bundles to either bundle.9. What is your marginal rate of substitution of $1 bills for $5 bills?3.9. If you give up one $5 bill, how many $1 bills do you need to compensate you? Five $1 bills will do nicely. Hence the answer is ?5 or?1/5, depending on which good you put on the horizontal axis.10. If good 1 is a “neutral,” what is its marginal rate of substitution for good 2?3.10. Zero—if you take away some of good 1, the consumer needs zero units of good 2 to compensate him for his loss. ANSWERS A1311. Think of some other goods for which your preferences might be concave.3.11. Anchovies and peanut butter, scotch and Kool Aid, and other similar repulsive combinations.4 Utility1. The text said that raising a number to an odd power was amonotonic transformation. What about raising a number to an even power? Is this a monotonic transformation? (Hint: consider the case f(u)=u^2.)4.1. The function f(u)=u^2 is a monotonic transformation for positive u, but not for negative u.2. Which of the following are monotonic transformations?(1) u =2 v?13;(2) u = ?1/v^2;(3)u =1/v^2; (4)u = ln v; (5)u = ?e^?v; (6)u = v^2; (7) u = v^2 for v>0; (8) u = v^2 for v<0.4.2. (1) Yes. (2) No (works for v positive). (3) No (works for v negative).(4) Yes (only de?ned for v positive). (5) Yes. (6) No. (7) Yes. (8) No.3. We claimed in the text that if preferences were monotonic, then a diagonal line through the origin would intersect each indi?erence curve exactly once. Can you prove this rigorously? (Hint: what would happen if it intersected some indi?erence curve twice?)4.3. Suppose that the diagonal intersected a given indi?erence curve at two points, say (x,x) and (y,y). Then either x>y or y>x, which means that one of the bundles has more of both goods. But if preferences are monotonic, then one of the bundles would have to be preferred to the other.4. What kind of preferences are represented by a utility function of thex1+x2form u(x1,x2)=? What about the utility function v(x1,x2)= 13x1 + 13x2?4.4. Both represent perfect substitutes.5. What kind of preferences are represented by a utility function of thex2x2 form u(x1,x2)=x1 +? Is the utility function v(x1,x2)=x2 1 +2x1+x2 a monotonic transformation of u(x1,x2)?4.5. Quasilinear preferences. Yes.x1x26. Consider the utility function u(x1,x2)=. What kind of pref- erences does it represent? Is the function v(,)= ax1x2x12x22 monotonic transformation of u(,)? Is the function w(,) =x1x2x1x2x12a monotonic transformation of u(,)?x22x1x24.6. The utility function represents Cobb-Douglas preferences. No. Yes.7. Can you explain why taking a monotonic transformation of a utility function doesn’t change the marginal rate of substitution?4.7. Because the MRS is measured along an indi?erence curve, and utility remains constant along an indi?erence curve.5 Choice1. If two goods are perfect substitutes, what is the demand function forgood 2?5.1.=0 when>, = m/when <, and anything betweenx2 p2p1x2p2p2p10 and m/p2 when = .p1p22. Suppose that indi?erence curves are described by straight lines witha slope of ?b. Given arbitrary prices and money income p1, p2, and m, what will the consumer’s optimal choices look like?5.2. The optimal choices will be x1 = m/p1 and x2 = 0 ifp1/p2 b, and any amount on the budget line if p1/p2 = b.3. Suppose that a consumer always consumes 2 spoons of sugar with each cup of co?ee. If the price of sugar is p1 per spoonful and the price of co?ee is p2 per cup and the consumer has m dollars to spend on co?ee and sugar, how much will he or she want to purchase?5.3. Let z be the number of cups of co?ee the consumer buys. Then we know that 2z is the number of teaspoons of sugar he or she buys. We must satisfy the budget constraint2z + z = m.p1p2Solving for z we havez =m2p1+ p2.4. Suppose that you have highly nonconvex preferences for ice cream and olives, like those given in the text, and that you face prices p1, p2 and have m dollars to spend. List the choices for the optimal consumption bundles.5.4. We know that you’ll either consume all ice cream or all olives. Thus the two choices for the optimal consumption bundles will be x1 = m/,p1 x2 = 0, or x1 = 0, x2 = m/.p25. If a consumer has a utility function u(x1,x2)=x1x4 2, what fraction of her income will she spend on good 2?5.5. This is a Cobb-Douglas utility function, so she will spend 4/(1 + 4) = 4/5 of her income on good 2.6. For what kind of preferences will the consumer be just as well-o?facing a quantity tax as an income tax?5.6. For kinked preferences, such as perfect complements, where the change in price doesn’t induce any change in demand.6 Demand1. If the consumer is consuming exactly two goods, and she is always spending all of her money, can both of them be inferior goods?6.1. No. If her income increases, and she spends it all, she must be purchasing more of at least one good.2. Show that perfect substitutes are an example of homotheticpreferences.6.2. The utility function for perfect substitutes is u(,)=+ .x1 x2 x1 x2Thus if u(,) >u (,), we have + >+ . It follows x1 x2 y1 y2 x1 x2 y1y2that t+ t> t+ t, so that u(t,t) >u (t, t).x1 x2 y1y2 x1 x2 y1y23. Show that Cobb-Douglas preferences are homothetic preferences.6.3. The Cobb-Douglas utility function has the property that u(t,t)=x1 x2= 2 = t 2 = t*u(x1,). ( t x1)a( t x2)1?a t a t1?a x1a x21?a x1a x21?a x2Thus if u(,) >u (,), we know that u(t,t) >u (t,), so x1 x2 y1 y2 x1 x2 y1t y2that Cobb-Douglas preferences are indeed homothetic.4. The income o?er curve is to the Engel curve as the price o?er curveis to ...?6.4. The demand curve.5. If the preferences are concave will the consumer ever consume bothof the goods together?6.5. No. Concave preferences can only give rise to optimal consumptionbundles that involve zero consumption of one of the goods.。
《中级微观经济学》试题与答案
《中级微观经济学》试题与答案一、名词解释（5道题）1. 消费者剩余-解释：消费者愿意支付的最高价格与实际支付价格之间的差额，是消费者获得的净收益。
2. 边际替代率-解释：消费者在维持同一效用水平的情况下，愿意用一种商品替代另一种商品的比率。
3. 规模经济-解释：当企业的生产规模扩大时，平均成本随着产量的增加而下降的现象。
4. 纳什均衡-解释：在博弈论中，每个参与者在给定其他参与者策略的情况下，所选择的最佳策略组合。
5. 帕累托最优-解释：资源配置的一种状态，无法在不使任何人变得更差的情况下，使某些人变得更好。
二、填空题（5道题）1. 在短期生产函数中，边际产量递减规律是指（在其他投入固定时，增加一个单位可变投入，产量的增加量递减）。
2. 供给弹性大于1表示（供给是弹性的）。
3. 无差异曲线上的点表示（消费者获得相同效用的不同商品组合）。
4. 在完全竞争市场中，长期均衡时，企业的经济利润是（零）。
5. 价格上限政策可能导致的直接结果是（商品短缺）。
三、单项选择题（5道题）1. 下列哪一项不是完全竞争市场的特征？（）。
- A. 大量的买者和卖者- B. 同质产品- C. 自由进入和退出市场- D. 厂商具有定价权-答案：D2. 在长期，完全竞争市场中的企业会选择生产在（）。
- A. 平均成本最低的产量- B. 边际成本最低的产量- C. 平均总成本等于价格的产量- D. 边际成本等于价格的产量-答案：D3. 如果一种商品的需求是价格无弹性的，那么价格上升10%将导致需求量（）。
- A. 增加10%- B. 减少10%- C. 减少少于10%- D. 减少多于10%-答案：C4. 在垄断市场中，垄断者的利润最大化产量是（）。
- A. 边际成本等于价格- B. 边际收益等于价格- C. 边际收益等于边际成本- D. 平均成本等于边际成本-答案：C5. 在短期内，完全竞争企业的供给曲线是（）。
- A. 平均总成本曲线- B. 平均可变成本曲线- C. 边际成本曲线- D. 边际成本曲线位于平均可变成本曲线之上的部分-答案：D四、多项选择题（5道题）1. 影响需求的主要因素有（）。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
《中级微观经济学》习题第一章 绪论1、英国古典经济学家大卫·李嘉图在《政治经济学及税赋原理》一书中认为，市场经济是商业完全自由的经济制度，如果没有外在干预的影响，它会自然地、有序地发展下去。
李嘉图指出：“在没有政府的干预时，农业、商业和制造业最为繁荣。
”国家需要做的全部事情，就是避免一切干预，既不要鼓励生产的一个源泉，也不要抑制另一个源泉。
对此观点，你有什么看法？请予以系统论述。
2、微观经济学研究极大满足人类需要的方式，但这真的是一个切合实际的目标吗？比如，假设人民需要不好的东西，如吸毒、酗酒等等。
尽可能满足人们的这些需要仍是切合实际的吗？微观经济学对人们的需要的假设有什么问题？你认为应怎样改进？3、对大多数经济政策问题，人们可以发现经济学家之间存在很大的分歧，这能证明经济学不是一门科学吗？4、在评价经济学家的论述的准确性时，你是否能够区分：（1）经济学家的那些论述是描述性的？（2）那些是它们关于究竟应采取何种政策的论述。
5、西方有一种“奥卡姆剃刀”原则：如无必要，勿增实体。
如果两个模型预测的准确度相同，我们应选择不太复杂的那个？你是否赞成这种观点？你如何去判断一个模型的复杂程度？6、为什么一个不能通过经验事实来验证的理论不是一个好的理论？第二章 供给和需求的基本原理1、需求的价格弹性有哪些类型？它们是怎样划分的？2、什么是价格控制？政府干预市场价格的后果是什么？3、短期弹性与长期弹性的区别？4、影响需求弹性与价格弹性的因素分别有哪些？5、假定需求函数为N MP Q -=，其中M 不是收入，P 表示水平价格，N （N>0）为常数。
求：需求的价格点弹性和需求的收入点弹性。
6、若某商品市场是有100个消费者，其中，60个消费者购买该市场1/3的商品，且每个消费者的需求的价格弹性为3；另外40个消费者购买该市场2/3的商品，且每个消费者的需求的价格弹性为6。
求：按照100个消费者合计的需求的价格弹性是多少？7、画图说明蛛网模型的三种情况。
8、若商品X 的市场供给曲线是一条通过原点的直线。
该商品的供给价格弹性会随其价格的变化而变化吗？为什么？9、根据伦敦经济学院的经济学家理查德·狄特玛斯的说法，英国人不必对医院为他输血治疗支付任何费用，而献血者也得不到任何报酬。
而美国则要对献血者支付报酬，但在英国供病人输血用的血浆却比美国多。
可以用什么假说来说明这个问题？10、如果某产品的需求曲线是D Q P 2100-=，P 为产品价格，D Q 为需求量。
这种产品的实际价格为70。
如果这种产品的供给曲线为S Q P 350+=，S Q 为供给量，你能预期价格将上升或下降吗？如果能，上升或下降多少？为什么？11、奢侈品被定义为一种需求的收入弹性大于1的商品。
请证明，对于只有两种商品的经济，两种商品不能都为奢侈品。
12、假定一个老人嗜书如命，晚年的收入都用来买书和吃饭。
有一年，其收入增加了，他在伙食和书籍上也都花了更多的钱，但他声称，食品对他来说是劣质品。
如果真是这样，食品对书籍的相对价格发生了什么变化？图示说明食品的收入效应和替代效应。
13、证明：若效用函数为)0(>=r Y X U r ，则恩格尔曲线是一条直线。
14、假定某人把一天的时间用来睡觉（s ）、工作（w ）和消费（c ），在睡觉和消费中得到的效用函数为75.025.0),(c s c s U =，假定此人在消费是每小时花费6元，在工作时每小时可以赚4元，而且他消费时的收入来源于其工作所得。
试问：（1）若此人想使效用最大化，应花多少时间来睡觉、工作和消费？（2）睡觉和消费的机会成本各是多少？第三章 消费者需求1、拐角解及实现条件是什么？2、消费者实现效用最大化的条件是什么？3、试述显示性偏好理论。
4、下面有三个商品组合（100，200）、（120，160）、（110，180），而且已知消费者对前两个商品组合是无差异的，那么推断消费者的选择。
5、假定一个消费者的效用函数为3/223/11x x U =，11=p ，22=p ，消费者的收入为90。
（1）求消费者达到均衡时的购买数量以及回避的边际效用；（2）如给定商品2的价格和消费者收入，求该消费者对商品1的马歇尔需求函数。
6、假设某消费者的效用函数为βαy x y x u =),(，商品的价格分别为x p 和y p ，收入为I ，求该消费者对x 的需求对于y 价格的交叉弹性。
7、若消费者只消费X 、Y 两种商品，商品X 的价格4=X P ，商品Y 的价格2=Y P ，该消费者的效用函数为Y X U 2=，消费者的收入为30。
求消费者实现效用最大化时对商品X 、Y 的消费量。
8、消费者的效用函数为X XY U +=，商品X 的价格3=X P ，商品Y 的价格2=Y P ，商品X 的需求收入弹性是多少？根据需求的收入弹性，商品X 属于哪种商品？9、对于下列效用函数：（1）XY Y X U =),(；（2）22),(Y X Y X U =；（3）Y X Y X U ln ln ),(+=。
虽然都具有递减的边际替代率，但显示的边际效用却分别是不变、递增和递减的。
从中你可以得出什么结论？10、证明消费者消费的两种商品不可能都是劣质品。
11、假设某消费者的效用函数为xy y x u =),(，商品的价格分别为x p 和y p ，收入为I ，求该消费者对x 、y 的马歇尔需求函数以及间接效用函数。
12、某消费者的效用函数和预算约束分别为25.11q q U =和1004321=+q q ，求其最优商品购买量。
13、令消费者的效用函数为214261ln ln 5.1q q q q U ++=，预算约束为1004321=+q q ，请表明其最优商品购买量与12题中的相同。
为什么会出现这种情况？14、以柯布－道格b 拉斯效用函数为例说明求解效用最大化和支出最小化问题可以得到同一需求函数。
15、设某消费者的间接效用函数为αα-=12121),,(p p m m p p v ，10<<α，求该消费者对物品1的希克斯需求函数。
16、若甲的效用函数为U=XY ，试问：（1）X=30，Y=5时，他得到的效用是多少？过点（30，5）的无差异曲线是什么（2）若甲给乙25单位的X ，乙愿给此人15单位的Y ，进行这种交换，此人所得到的满足会比（30，5）的组合高吗（3）乙用15单位的Y 同此人换取X ，使乙的满足与甲（30，5）的组合所得到的效用相同，他最多只能得到多少单位的X ？ 第四章 个别需求和市场需求1、什么是攀比效应和虚荣效应，它们之间的区别和联系是什么？2、简述消费者剩余的概念及其作用。
3、判断下列命题是否正确并给出理由：（1）如果需求曲线是一条直线，则直线上各点的需求价格弹性是一样的；（2）如果对X 的需求是由X 的价格、Y 的价格和收入决定的，则当X 的价格、Y 的价格和收入决定都上涨一倍时，对X 的需求不变。
（3）1X 、2X 是一个消费者消费的两种物品，我们说1X 是2X 的替代品，如果0/21>∂∂p X ，2p 为2X 的价格，如果1X 是2X 的替代品，则2X 也是1X 的替代品。
4、2007年，张先生将他的全部收入都用在两种商品x 和y 上。
到了2008年，这两种商品的价格都上升了8％，张先生消费的x 与2007年一样多，但他消费的y 却比2007年少，我们可以断定：（1）y 是个正常物品；（2）y 是个劣质品；（3）x 是个劣质品；（4）由于相对价格没有改变，张先生的行为是非理性的。
5、一个吸毒者的毒品需求函数也许是非常缺乏弹性的，但毒品市场的需求函数却可能很有弹性，为什么会出现这种情况？6、以斯勒茨基方程式说明价格变动的替代效应与收入效应。
7、如果偏好是凹的，替代效应仍然为负吗？8、已知某个消费者对牛奶的需求函数为pI x 1010+=，其中x 为消费的牛奶量，I ＝120为收入，p ＝3为价格，现假定牛奶的价格由3元降为2元。
求价格变化对消费者需求的总效应、替代效应和收入效应。
9、若消费者的效用函数为xy U =，1=x p ，2=y p ，收入为80元，假设y 的价格突然下降到1元。
求：（1）y 价格下降的替代效应使他购买的y 增加还是减少？（2）y 价格下降的收入效应使他购买的y 增加还是减少？（3）y 价格下降的替代效应使他购买的x 增加还是减少？（4）y 价格下降的收入效应使他购买的x 增加还是减少？（5）y 价格下降的总效应使得对x 和y 的购买量增加还是减少？10、下面的说法对吗？为什么？某个消费者将他的全部收入花在两种商品上，其中已知是吉芬物品。
如果吉芬物品的价格上升，那么他对另外已知商品的需求必定下降。
11、设一个消费者只消费两种物品，他在101=p ，52=p 时购买量为51=x ，102=x 。
现在，商品1的价格下降为8元，商品2 的价格上升为6元。
该消费者的生活水平在价格变动之后是提高了还是降低了？为什么？第五章 不确定条件下的选择1、说明消费者的不同风险态度（风险回避者、风险爱好者和风险中立者）的判断条件。
2、简述普拉特指数的含义与作用。
3、证明：如果一个人拥有财产*w ，他面临一场赌博，赌博的奖金或罚金都是h ，输赢概率都为50%。
若这个人是风险厌恶型的。
那么他不会参加这个赌博。
4、判断：下列命题是否正确，为什么？（1）当利率上升时，原来的贷款者仍将贷款，而且贷款量一定会增加；当利率下降时，原来的借款者将继续借款，而且借款数量至少不会减少。
（2）跨时期消费的第一期和第二期的消费之间的边际替代率为r +1。
（3）如果名义利率小于通货膨胀率，一个理性的消费者不会选择存钱。
5、消费者的效用函数为6.024.0121),(c c c c u =，第一期和第二期的收入分别为100元和180元，利率为r 。
求：（1）第一期和第二期的消费分别时多少？（2）r 取什么值时，该消费者在第一期将储蓄、贷款或不借贷？（3）当利率变化时对1c 、2c 的影响是什么？6、某消费者的效用函数为6.01010),(c c c c u =，0c 、1c 分别表示0时期的消费支出和1时期的消费支出。
假设银行存贷利率相等且为r ，该消费者在0时期的收入为600=I ，1时期的收入为1001=I问：（1）如果r=0，该消费者应该储蓄还是借贷；（2）如果r=1，该消费者应该储蓄还是借贷？7、某人计划花10000元去旅游，期旅游的效用函数为w w v ln )(=，（其中w 为其支出的价值量）。
如果他在旅途中丢失1000元的概率为25%，他若想为丢钱的损失购买保险。
且保险价是公平价，那么他愿意为这1000元损失支付的最高保险金是多少？8、一个人买了一打鸡蛋，并且一定要把它们带回家。