英语写作(高级替换词,万能句,通用谚语,高频话题等)
(完整)高考英语作文中常用的替换词
写作常用替换词★形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished =poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do =well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive =beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful=undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous =eye-catching10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive ★动词：1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为：think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race5. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能力：ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation=entertainment15. 孩子：children = offspring = descendant= kid★短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundatewith = be saturated with2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare noefforts for3. 从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for4. 在当代: in contemporary society = in present-daysociety= in this day and age5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of =a vast amount of1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad,如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg. An army of college students indulge themselves inplaying games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches tograduation, as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a hostof, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
英语四六级作文佳词替换及妙句30例
【网络综合- 大学英语四级六级考试（CET）指南】：想在四六级考试中写出好文章?那么用词是非常重要的一个环节。
词汇使用得当，不仅使文章更生动，也是评分时的加分亮点。
以下向各位四六级考生提供考试三十组考试中可频繁使用的优美词汇及例句。
考试时用上它们，以替代你现有的普通词汇，可以瞬间点亮平淡无奇的文章。
1.individuals,characters,folks替换people ,persons采集者退散2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding,superior 替换good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换Eg.An army of college students indulgethemselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing timepassively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, theyfind their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an oceanof, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many,if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor theidea that….同理用most, if not all ,替换most.5: a slice of, quiet a few ,several替换some6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the viewthat, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)来源：考试大的美女编辑们7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing8: shared 代common9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits )10:for my part ,frommy own perspective 替换in my opinion11:Increasing(ly),growing 替换more andmore(注意没有growingly这种形式。
高考英语写作10组高级替换词经典句型
高考英语写作10组高级替换词经典句型高考英语写作中，用词准确，句式正确无疑是最基本的要求，如果单词拼写错误，或者是句型混用乱用，自然得不到高分。
同理，在考试中如果既能用词准确还能用一些高级词汇、复杂的句式等，自然会让阅卷老师眼前一亮。
小天为同学们整理了10组高级替换词和一些经典句型，为同学们写出地道的英语表达，获得英语高分助力。
10组高级替换词1.首先常见词：firstly, first高级替换词：first of all, to start with, to begin with, in the first place例：To start with, doing a part-time job is my dream and I intend to work as a salesman because not only can I earn money by myself, but also it will broaden my horizons.首先，做兼职是我的梦想，我打算做一个销售员，因为这个工作不仅可以赚到钱，还能拓展我的视野。
2.其次常见词：secondly, second高级替换词：in addition, then, next, in the second place例：In addition, it is a fabulous choice to visit some famous scenic spots such as Mount Tai during the vacation.其次，假期间参观一些名胜古迹，如泰山，是很不错的选择。
3.最后常见词：finally高级替换词：in conclusion, at last, in the end例：In conclusion， let's work together to save energy and protect our natural environment, including animals, trees, flowers and grass.最后，让我们一起努力节约能源，保护动物、树木、花草等自然环境。
英语写作常用高级替换词、高级词组和高级句型，高分作文不再难！
英语写作常⽤⾼级替换词、⾼级词组和⾼级句型，⾼分作⽂不再难！50组⾼级替换词★ 形容词：1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest7. 健康的:healthy = robust = sound = wholesome8. 惊⼈的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching10. 有活⼒的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated11. 流⾏的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive★ 动词：1. 提⾼，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate5. 培养:develop = cultivate = foster = nurture6. 激发，⿎励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur7. 认为：think = assert= hold = claim = argue8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize11. 减轻:ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten★ 名词：1. 影响：influence= impact2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard3. 污染：pollution = contamination4. ⼈类：human beings= mankind = human race5. ⽼⼈：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being7. ⽼师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue11. 责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability12. 能⼒：ability = capacity = power = skill13. 职业：job = career = employment = profession14. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment15. 孩⼦：children = offspring = descendant= kid★ 短语：1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with2. 努⼒：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for3. 从事：embark on = tap = set about = go in for4. 在当代:in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age5. ⼤量的:a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of★⾼级词汇individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换gooddreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad, 如果bad做表语，可以由be less impressive替换(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：⽤many, if not most ⼀定要⼩⼼，many后⼀定要有词。
考研英语一作文必备句与高级词汇替换
考研英语一作文必备句与高级词汇替换考研英语一作文必备句与高级词汇替换一、必备句1、提出自己的观点或建议：In my view, it would be beneficial to...2、强调重要性：The significance of... cannot be overemphasized.3、列出理由：The reasons for this trend are multiple.4、提出反方观点或看法：Some people may argue that...5、回应观点：Indeed, this viewpoint is supported by some studies, but I believe...6、举例说明：Take for example...7、描述现状和问题：Currently, there is a growing concern about...8、提出解决方案：To address this issue, we need to take some measures.9、总结观点：In conclusion, it is important to...二、高级词汇替换1、important -> significant -> crucial -> momentous2、think -> believe -> hold -> maintain -> argue3、very -> extremely -> thoroughly -> deeply4、same -> identical -> similar -> counterparts5、good -> excellent -> outstanding -> top-notch6、bad -> terrible -> awful -> dreadful7、many -> numerous -> abundant -> copious8、better -> superior -> precedence -> dominance9、worse -> inferior -> subordination -> redundancy10、more and more -> increasing/increasingly -> escalating/escalatingly -> swelling/swellingly三、常用短语和句型1、It is well-known that... 众所周知...2、There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问...3、According to the study/research, ... 根据研究，...4、The data/statistics show that... 数据/统计显示...5、In my opinion, the best way to solve the problem is to... 在我看来，解决问题的最好方法是...6、This is why I believe that... 这就是为什么我相信...7、One possible reason for this trend is that... 这种趋势的一个可能原因是...8、Another reason why...is that... 另一个原因是...9、Finally, we need to remember that... 最后，我们需要记住...10、In conclusion, it is essential to... 总之，必须...高考英语作文高级替换词汇高考英语作文：掌握这些高级替换词汇，让大家的文章更出彩在高考英语作文的写作中，词汇的选择和使用是非常重要的。
最新高级英语作文(高级词汇写作)
高级英语作文高级英语作文篇11.提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance 代替Improve2.改变：Transform 代替Change3.强调：Highlight、Stress、Address 代替Emphasize4.培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 代替Develop5.破坏：Impair、Undermine[这两个词指抽象意义上的破坏]、Jeopardize、Devastate 代替Break6.保存Preserve、Conserve[保护资源用的就是这个词]，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西代替Keep7.解决Tackle、Address、Resolve 代替Deal with8.需要Require、Necessitate、Call for 代替Need9.黏贴、附着Adhere、Cling 代替Stick10.忽略Ignore、Difference 代替Neglect11.避开Shun 代替Avoid12.普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant、Universal、Ubiquitous 代替Everywhere13.好的Beneficial、Advantageous 代替Good14.有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 代替Harmful15.富有的Wealthy、Affluent 代替Rich16.贫穷的Impoverished 代替Poor17.严重的Severe 代替Serious18.明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 代替Obvious19.便宜的Economical、Inexpensive 代替Cheap20.重要的Crucial 、Extremely important、Significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) 代替Important21.大量的、充足的Ample、Plentiful 代替Abundant高级英语作文篇21、at the same time 同时for instance 例如2、Besides/what,s more 而且；此外from now on 从此3、but 但是by this time 此时4、after a few days 几天以后certainly 无疑地；当然地5、beside 此外for this purpose 为了这个目的6、of course当然truly 事实上；真实地7、by and large 一般说来thus 因此8、all the same 依然；照样however 然而；无论如何9、to begin with 首先；第一一方面…（另一方面）10、meanwhile 与此同时thirdly 第三11、as a result结果in sum 总之，简而言之12、in the first place 首先；第一on the whole 总起来说13、above all 最重要的是accordingly 于是14、after all 毕竟fortunately 幸运地15、no doubt 无疑地such as 正如16、by doing so 如此to sum up 总而言之17、all in all 总之18、at first 最初for one thing…（for another）19、certainly 当然地；无疑地obviously 显然20、currently 目前；最后recently 最近21、in addition 此外second 第二；第二点22、in fact 事实上unlike 不像……；和……不同23、obviously 明显地later 后来24、as a matter of fact 事实上yet仍；然而；但是25、moreover 而且，此外for another 其次26、in short 简而言之truly 的确27、in fact 事实上similarly 同样地28、still 仍然unfortunately 不幸地29、also/too 并且；又for example 例如30、in addition to…除…之外secondly 第二31、in conclusion 总之，最后undoubtedly 无疑32、at the same time同时；然而luckily 幸运地33、indeed 的确third 第三；第三点34、in brief 简言之no doubt 毫无疑问35、particularly特别地unlike …不像……；和……不同36、anyway 无论如何in spite of 尽管……；虽然……37、though/although 尽管no doubt 无疑地38、at present 现在；当今首先…（其次）…39、finally 最后to conclude 总而言之40、in particular 特别（地）soon 不久41、briefly 简单扼要地to speak frankly 坦白地说42、eventually 最后surely 无疑43、what is more 而且；此外44、in the same way 同样地still 仍然45、at last 最后therefore 因此46、as I have said 如我所述on the whole 总体来说；整个看来47、in a word 总之so 所以48、presently 现在；此刻now 现在49、first（ly）第一in general 一般说来50、even though即使otherwise 否则51、in/by contrast 对比之下on the contrary 相反地52、in the beginning 起初one the one hand…（on the other hand）53、in other words 换句话说so 所以54、after/after that/afterwards此后by this time 此时55、first of all 首先；第一generally speaking 一般地说56、lately 最近to start with 首先；第一57、as has been noted 如前所述in summary 简要地说58、after a while过了一会儿therefore 因此；结果59、by the way 顺便提一句then 然后高级英语作文篇3一、引出开头1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）2：Recently the problem of……has been broughtinto focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）8：It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）二、表达不同观点1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believethat……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异）4：There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）三、表示结尾1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的.，我们可以得出结论……）3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）5：There is no doubt that (jo有优点也有缺点）6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）四、提出建议1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）3：Obviously ,if we want to do something …it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）5：Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）五、预示后果1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）六、表示论证1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the firstopinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……）4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……）5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）七、给出原因1：The reason why + 句子~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...）2：This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。
99个雅思写作高级替换词
99个雅思写作高级替换词1.人们People n.Individuals = persons =the public= citizens= one= inhabitants2.认为Think v.Hold= maintain=believe= contend=deem= argue=3.社会Society n.The real world= the community= the public4.名人Famous person n.Celebrity= luminary= legendary figure5.著名的Famous adj.Noted= eminent= prominent= preeminent= distinguished=celebrated= acclaimed 6.专家Specialist n.Expert=master=virtuoso(专才vs.generalist 通才)7.领域Field n.Sphere=discipline(学科)=domain=province(范围)8.技能Skill n.Expertise(专业知识)=prowess(能力)9.品质、特性Quality n.Feature= trait= attribute= characteristic10.信任Have belief in v.Have faith/ trust in11.真实的Real adj.Actual= nonfictional= factual; tangible= concrete= palpable Broad-minded12.心胸宽阔的adj.Tolerant13.思想狭隘的Narrow-minded adj.Insular= conservative14.明智的Wise adj.Prudent= sensible= judicious15.有道理的Reasonable adj.Justified= warranted= legitimate16.没有道理的Unreasonable adj.Unjustified= unwarranted= groundless17.自信Self-confidence n.Morale18.熟悉...Be familiar with19.Beacquainted/conversant with20.竞争Competition n. Rivalry= contest21.合作Cooperate n.Collaborate= take concerted action相关的名词：cooperation=collaboration=combined effort= teamwork= partnership 22.责任Responsibility n. Obligation23.娱乐Relaxation n.Recreation= enjoyment= pleasure= leisure24.实现、完成Achieve v.Attain= accomplish=fulfill one's ambition/duties/criteria25.梦想成真One's dream comes true.Attains one's goal=finds one's niche in life26.失败Failuren.Frustration= setback=nonfulfillment27.成功Success n.Fulfillment= accomplishment=triumph= victory相关动词：succeed (in), fulfill,accomplish28.环境Environment n.Setting=milieu= background =Protect environment29.保护环境v.Be environmentally friendly= be co-friendly30.破坏生态平衡Break the ecological balance v.Disrupt/ upset the ecological balance31.Situation 情况n.Scenario= setting32.Phenomenon 现象n.Occurrence= event= happening= fact33.Factor因素n.Element= consideration= concern= situation34.Depend on 取决于v.Hinge on= ride= rely on= rest on35.Different 不同的adj.Various= opposing= diverse相关名词=difference= disparity= discrepancy= variation=variety= diversity=differentiation=36.Different kinds of 不同种类的adj.A variety of= a broad range of= a wide array of= a diversity of37.好处，优势AdvantageBenefit= boon= blessing= reward= upside= merit38.劣势Disadvantage n.Detriment= bane= curse=drawback= downside= demerit39.好的Good adj.Beneficial= advantageous= rewarding= helpful= useful40.坏的Bad adj.Detrimental= disadvantageous= baneful=harmful,negative41.苦难的Difficult adj.Challenging= daunting=formidable=forbidding42.困难Difficulty n.Hindrance= obstacle= barrier= stumbling block43......的缺乏Lack of n.Absence of = dearth of= deficiency in= shortage of= shortfall of= scarcity of ...44.许多的Many adj...可数名词复数...;A great number of= a host of= a multitude of= an abundance of= a wealth of= a myriad of…不可数名词...a great number of=a large amount of45.越来越More and moreincreasingly= growingly46.增多Growv.Mount= escalate= increase= be on the rise47.令人担忧的WorrisomeAlarming= daunting48.影响Influence n.Impact= sway49.造成不良结果Lead to bad results v.Be counterproductive= render a disservice (帮倒忙)50.危险Danger n.Hazard(危害)=jeopardy(危害)，threat相关形容词形式：dangerous=hazardous=perilous= threatening相关动词：endanger=imperil=threaten=jeopardize51.到如此程度Reach such extent v.Reach such proportions52.非常Very adv.Immenselv= remarkablv= considerablv= dramaticallv= noticeably53.普遍的Common adj.Prevalent= popular=ubiquitous=universal54.重要的Important adj.Essential=crucial= critical= significant= vital= indispensable55.明显的Obvious adj.Perceptible= discernible= appreciable=marked= pronounced= noticeable56.紧急的Urgent adj.Pressing57.理解Understanding n. Appreciation(理解)=awareness= insight (into)58.巨大的Big adj.Enormous=vast= immense= massive= colossal59.小的，轻微的Small adj.Minute(微小的)= slight=minor=trivial60.促进Contribute to v.Be instrumental in/ be conducive to =facilitate/ promote61.阻碍Hold back v.Hamper= impede= hinder62.高Improve v.Enhance= boost= promote= heighten63.破坏Destroy v.Undermine= damage64.必要条件Necessary condition n.Prerequisite(for)= precondition (of)65.困难费力的Effort-taking adj.Arduous= strenuous= laborious66.复杂的ComplicatedComplex= involved= intricate67.充满活力的EnergeticVigorous= dynamic=vibrant68.培养cultivate v.Nurture= develop= foster= hone69.强调Emphasize v.Accentuate= lay stress on= lay emphasis on70.重视Pay attention to71.努力做Try one's best to do v.Endeavor to do= strive to do=strive for sth=spare no effort to do 72.充满Be full of v.Be replete with= be inundated with= be saturated with73.免于Be free from v.Be exempt form=be immune from74.开拓视Expand one's horizon v.Enlarge one's vision = Expand one's outlook75.处理Deal with v.Tackle= address= cope with76.某事必做Sth.must be done.Sth is obligatory/ mandatory/ compulsory/ imperative77.对...的解决方案Solution to ... Cure/ remedy/ therapy for ...78....的方式Way of ...n.Approach to ...= strategy for... avenue of...79.常见做法Usual way n. Common practice80.选择Choice n.Option= alternative81.严格的StrictStringent= rigorous= severe82.控制Control v.Check= curb83.有效地Effective adj.Efficacious= potent相关名词effectiveness=efficacy= potency84.使用Use v.Utilize= make use of= employ= put into service85.有用的Useful adj.Productive= constructive86.可获得的，可得到的Obtainable adj.Available87.目前的Present adj.Current=existing= topical88.有趣的InterestingIntriguing=stimulating= appealing89.质量差的Low-quality90.最佳的Best adj.Optimum91.错误的Wrong adj.Inaccurate= erroneous=fallaciou92.加强Strengthen v.Fortify=reinforce93.削弱Weaken v.Undermine= erode94.使恶化Worsen v.Exacerbate=aggravate95.恶化(环境、事物自己)Deteriorate v.96.传播Spread v.Publicize= disseminate= diffuse= propagate97.刚起步Begin v.Be in embryo= be in one's infancy98.迅速增长Grow rapidlyGrow exponentially= soar99.测量Measure v.Assess= gauge= determine。
2024年中考英语高分写作替换词+作文结尾句归纳+套用模板
高分写作替换词1.有用的普通词汇：useful高分替换词：valuable例句：Thank you for your valuable advice.2.总而言之普通词：in a word高分替换词：generally speaking, in conclusion, in general, in short, on the whole, all in all例句：In conclusion,we are supposed to take action to protect the environment.3.事实上普通词：in fact高分替换词：as a matter of fact, actually, the truth is, in truth例句：Actually, we can’t succeed in everything we try. What’s important is that we should stick to it.4.导致普通词：cause高分替换词：lead to, result in例句：They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams.5.参加普通词：join高分替换词：take part in, participate in, attend例句：We should try our best to take part in outdoor activities.6.知道，意识到，认识到普通词：know高分替换词：realize例句：More and more people realize the importance of keeping healthy.7.使用，利用普通词：use高分替换词：make use of, take advantage of例句：It is important to make use of our energy.8.喜欢，热衷于普通词：like, love高分替换词：be interested in, show great interest in, be a fan of , be fond of例句：He is fond of playing tennis.9.可以，(使)能够普通词：can高分替换词：be able to, enable, allow例句：Students' V oice will allow us to freely express our thoughts and feelings about our lives and studies.10.高兴的普通词：I’m happy to ...高分替换词：I’m pleased/glad to ...,例句：I’m pleased to hear that you are coming to China.11.并且，和普通词：and高分替换词：moreover, as well as, in addition, what’s more, for one thing … for another例句：What’s more,riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.12.因此普通词：so高分替换词：therefore, as a result例句：He is lazy. As a result, he failed in the exam.13.困难的普通词：difficult高分替换词：challenging例句：In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging.14.解决普通词：solve高分替换词deal with, work out例句：We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.15.努力普通词：work hard高分替换词：spare no effort to do sth, double one’s efforts to do sth例句：Let’s start fight now and spare no effort to do a little bit every day, every hour, and every minute!16.遵守普通词：follow高分替换词：obey例句：As a student, it is necessary for us to obey the rules in school.17.重要的普通词：important高分替换词：be of great importance例句：It is of great importance to take notes in class.18.对……感到骄傲普通词：be proud of高分替换词：take pride in例句：He takes pride in helping people in need.19.决定普通词：decide to do高分替换词：make a decision to do, make up one’s mind to do例句：He made up his mind to work hard.20.应该普通词：should高分替换词：be supposed to例句：We are supposed to keep the classroom clean.21.对……有害普通词：be bad for高分替换词：be harmful to, do harm to例句：Smoking is harmful to our health. Therefore, the doctor advises my father to give up smoking.写作结尾句注：虽然该部分为初中英语作文经典结尾句归纳总结，但并非只能用在结尾处。
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英语作文中必备的替换精髓词汇1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makespeople feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful andsensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure andsatisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive),absorbing(something absorbing canattract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen)92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often)100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)写作短语by accident偶然on account of…因为…,由于…in addition to…除…之外on (the/an) average平均,一般来说onthebasis of…根据…,在…的基础上at (the) best充其量,至多on business因公,因事in any case无论如何,总之in case of…假使…,万一…in case假如,以防(万一)免得in no case决不keep/hold pace with…跟上…,与…同步take place发生,进行taketheplace of…代替…make sense讲得通,有意义a great/good deal of大量(修饰不可数名词) influence on影响reply to…回答…,答复…once upon a time从前once in a while偶尔,有时account for…说明…allow for…考虑到…live on/by…靠…生活,以…为食refer to…参考…,查阅…,涉及…,提到…serve as…用做…take for把……认为是…,把……看成是…think over仔细考虑depend on…取决于…devote to…奉献…,致力于…engage in…从事于…,忙着…insist on…坚持…look forward to…盼望…,期待…have something to do with…和…有点关系have nothing to do with…和…毫无关系be fed up with…对…感到厌烦take...as把…做为…think of...as…把…看做是…be abundant in…富于…,富有…be accustomed to习惯于be aware of…意识到…be based on…根据…,以…为基础be characterized by…以…为特征be composed of…由…组成be concerned about…关心…,挂念…be determined to do something决心做…be equal to…等于…be free from没有……的,不受……影响be identified as…被认为是…be known as被称做……,以……著称be known to为……所熟知be popular with…受……欢迎be prepared for对……做好准备be regarded as被认为是…,被当做是…be satisfied with对……满意,满足于…be second to…次于…be sick of…对…感到厌倦be used as…被用做…be used to…习惯于…get used to…习惯于…all of a sudden 突然all the time 一直,始终as a rule 通常,照例as far as ...be concerned 就...而言as to…至于…,关于…at best 充其量,至多before long 不久以后beyond question 毫无疑问by all means 尽一切办法,务必every now and then 时而,偶尔in itself 本质上,就其本身而言sooner or later 迟早,早晚abide by…遵守…,信守…agree with与…相一致同意…be beneficial to…有利于…,有益于…turn a blind eye to…对…视而不见by leaps and bounds飞速地,突飞猛进地when it comes to一谈到…,就…而论disagree with…与…意见不一致不同意…give an opinion on…对…发表意见adapt oneself to…=adjust oneself to…使自己适应于…attribute…to…把…归因于…,认为…是…的结果comment on…评论…concentrate on/upon…集中注意力于…on the contrary与之相反convince somebody of something使某人确信某事deprive somebody of something剥夺某人某物derive from…起源于in detail详细地be equipped with…装备有…in essence本质上to…extent在…程度上inform somebody of something通知某人某事lie in在于…来源:网major in主修…in the light of…按照…,根据…by chance偶然,碰巧in charge of…负责…,主管…in common共用,共有,共同in conclusion最后,总之on condition that在…条件下in connection with/to…关于…in consequence因此,结果in consequence of…由于…的缘故on the contrary反之,正相反in contrast with/to…与…成对照under control被控制住at all costs不惜任何代价at the cost of…以…为代价in the course of…在…过程中,在…期间in detail详细地论坛in difficulties处境困难on earth究竟,到底at all events无论如何in any event无论如何in effect实际上with the exception of…除…之外in the face of…面对…,不顾…in favor of…有利于…,赞成…,支持…in general通常,大体上at heart在内心,实质上in honor of…为纪念…,向…表示敬意at intervals不时,时时at length终于,最后,详细地at a loss困惑,不知所措by all means无论如何,必定by means of…借助于…,用…by no means决不by mistake错误地in nature本质上on occasion有时,不时in particular特别地,尤其,详细地inthefirst place起初,首先in the last place最后in practice实际上来源：at present目前,现在in proportion to…与…成比例for (the) purpose of…为了…on purpose故意,有意at random随意地,任意地at any rate无论如何,至少by reason of…由于…with/in regard to…对于…,就…而论with respect to…关于…as a result结果,因此as a result of…由于…的缘故in the long run最终,从长远观点看for the sake of…为了…起见at first sight乍一看,初看起来in spite of…不管…,不顾…in terms of…依据…,按照…on the second thoughts经重新考虑,一转念from time to time有时,不时in truth事实上,实际上,的确on the whole总的来说have/gain access to…可以获得…take...into account把…加以考虑论坛gain/have an advantage over…胜过…,优于…take advantage of…利用…,趁…之机make the best of…充分利用…,妥善处理…take charge of…担任…,负责…make a/the difference有影响,很重要carry/bring into effect使生效,使起作用put into effect实行,生效come/go into effect生效,实施keep an eye on…留意…,照看…bear/keep in mind记住make up one’s mind下决心. 不用说¸…It goes without saying that从句= (It is) needless to say (that)从句= It is obvious that从句= Obviously, S. + V. 例∶不用说早睡早起是值得的. It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours. 2. 我深信…I am greatly convinced (that)从句= I am greatly assured (that)从句例∶我深信预防好于治疗. I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.3. 在各种…之中¸…Among various kinds of …, …= Of all the …, …例∶在各种运动中¸我尤其喜欢慢跑. Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.4. …是很容易证明的.It can be easily proved (that)从句例∶时间最珍贵是很容易证明的. It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time.5. …无论如何强调都不为过.…cannot be overemphasized 例∶交通安全的重要性无论如何强调都不为过. Theimportance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized.6. 就我的看法¸…；我认为…In my opinion, …= To my mind, ….= As far as I am concerned, …例∶就我的看法¸打电动玩具既花费时间也有害健康. In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.7. (A) 每个人都知道…Everyone knows (that)从句＝It’s well-known that =As we all know,…(B) 就我所知¸…As far as my knowledge is concerned, …例∶就我所知¸下列方法对我帮助很大. As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are of great help to me.8. 毫无疑问地¸…There is no doubt (that)从句例∶毫无疑问地¸近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题. There is no doubt that near-sightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.9. 根据我个人经验¸…According to my personal experience, …= Based on my personal experience, …例∶根据我个人经验¸微笑已带给我许多好处. According to my personal experience,smile has done me a lot of good.10. 在我认识的人当中¸也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬. Of all the people I know, perhaps none deserves my respect more than …例∶在我认识的人当中¸也许没有一个人比我的英文老师张老师更值得我尊敬. Of all the people I know, perhaps none deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.11. (A) 随着人口的增加¸…With the increase/growth of the population, …(B) 随着科技的进步, …With the advance of science and technology, …例∶随着台湾经济的快速发展¸许多社会问题产生了. With the rapid development of Taiwan's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.写作高频词汇i. Education 类词汇Education:培养（某种素质）cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展promote the student’s physicalmental and emotional developmentIntellectual and emotional development心理健康psychological soundnesspsychological well-beingPsychological welfare(nouns)学习能力（先天就有的）aptitude、talent学习能力（后天学习到的）ability、skill学生接受的学校教育（名词）schooling(noun)儿童接受的家庭教育（名词）upbringing给学生以动力give the students motivation to do somethingmotivate (vt) the student to do something青少年adolescents、youngsters、youths2)传授知识impart(vt)、inculcate(vt) knowledge灌输高尚的道德观念instill(vt) high moral values (注以values 复数比试价值观) 给学生以灵感stimulate the student’s thoughtgive the students inspiration家长教育子女的方式（名词）parenting、upbringing教学法teaching methodology、pedagogical methodology适应（动词）adapt to do somethingadjust oneself to do somethingbecome accustomed to do something适应能力adaptability学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握students’graspcommand(nouns) of what has been taught就业技能employable、marketable skill3)限制创造力的发展extinguish(vt)、stifle(vt)、constrain(vt) creativity(noun) 打击学生的积极性dampen the students’enthusiasmsap(vts) the students’enthusiasmfrustrate the students产生不必要的压力beget、create undue pressure塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt) one’s character责任感 a sense of obligation学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器student should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas.死记硬背learn thing by rote.4)记忆方程式，公式，定理，定律memorize equationsmemorize Formulasmemorize theoremsmemorize laws(nouns)应用apply (vt)盲从follow something blindlyfollow something indiscriminately（adv）用填鸭式教学教育学生force-feed(vt) the students为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorization’s own sake5)把学生分开教育（比如根据智力或者课堂上的表现）segregate(vt) students来自于其他同学的压力peer pressure逆境adverse circumstancesadverse adversity团队精神team spirit(noun)独立思考think independently(adv)6)在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题encourage students to think critically(adv)学生的反馈students’feedbackstudents’input学生评价老师的教学students appraise their teachers’performanceevaluate their teachers’performance7)学生学习的各门功课加在一起curriculum(noun)具体的一门课的内容syllabus课外活动extra-curricular activity学校是社会的缩影 A school is society in miniature不遵守纪律（名词）indiscipline、misbehavior、mischief (nouns) 不遵守纪律的（形容词）学生disruptive studentsunruly students8)理论知识theoretical knowledge通才generalist专才specialist全面发展的well-rounded /versatile为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-beingcontribute to societal welfare (注意这里welfare 不是“福利”的意思)9)大学学科的分类可以分为：人文学科（包括文学、历史、语言学等）社会科学（包括政治、经济、社会学等）humanities艺术（包括音乐、雕塑等）social sciences arts文科的总称也可以称为liberal artsliberal studies理科（包括物理、化学、生物等）sciences 工科（包括工程，自动化等）基础科学basic sciences应用科学applied sciences小学教育primary-level education中学教育secondary-level education大学教育tertiary-level education职业教育vocational education/ training青少年adolescents/ youngsters/Youthsii. T echnology & media 类词汇10）尖端的技术cutting-edged(adj) technology信息爆炸information explosion/information overload信息时代the information age/ the information era无联网被广泛的使用the proliferation of the Internet科技创新及发展technological innovations/inventions/ advances/ progressions (nouns) 提高效率augment/ enhance/ boost(vts)efficiency提高生产效率augment/ enhance/ boost(vts) productivity11）减少人力的机器（计算机发明之前的技术）labor-saving machinery取代人力的机器labor-replacing machinery自动化automation (noun)、automated(adj)生物技术biotechnology克隆cloning (noun) clone (verb)远程通讯telecommunications(noun)太空探索（名词）space exploration人的基因构成one’sgenetic makeupone’s DNA programmingMedia12)实事current affairs新闻界the press印刷媒体（如报纸、杂志）the print media报道新闻的机构news outlets电子媒体the electronic media无处不在的prevalent、ubiquitous、pervasive充斥着…be awash withbe inundated withbe saturated with something审查censor删除delete、eliminate、excise(vts)过多的暴力与色情内容excessive violent and pornographic contentsgratuitous violent and pornographic contents13)有误导性的misleading、misrepresented、distorted诈骗性的fraudulent虚假的false、bogus报道非常详细的细节report something in graphic detail媒体炒作media hype夸大事实exaggerate thingssensationalize thingsblow things out of all proportion(最后一个口语化说法，但作文也可用)客观公正的objective and balanced揭露expose、reveal14)侵犯隐私violate someone ‘s privacyintrude on someone ‘s privacyinfringe on someone ‘s privacy毁坏某人的名誉tarnish one’s reputationSully one’s reputationSmear one’s reputationbesmirch one’s reputation狗仔队paparazzi(复数名词，不能加s)名人 a celebrity、celebrities(plural)丑闻scandals掩盖（丑闻或罪行等）cover upgloss overwhitewash15)不客观的，不公正的biased、skewed、un-objective如实描写factual accounts可信的reliable、trustworthy、dependable及时的up-to-dateup-to –the-minute （后者比前者更及时）信息量大的informative娱乐性强的entertaining有新闻价值newsworthy道德准则code of ethiccode of conductiii. T ourism 类词汇16)旅游景点tourist attractiontourist spotsplaces of interest开阔眼界push backexpand one’s visionhorizons (注意horizons 必须是复数)游客与当地人互动Tourists can interact with the locals促进文化交流promote cultural communication吸引draw、attract、appeal to (vts)、be a magnet for somebody 亲身体验（名词）first-hand experience(noun)多种感观体验的（如听觉、触觉等）multi-sensory(adj)冲突conflict(noun, vi+with)争端discord、dissension把游客和当地人隔绝seclude the tourists from the localsisolate(vts) the tourists from the locals商业化commercialize、commodify（vts）欺骗游客的手段tourist traps间接体验（比如通过电视或者互联网，名词）second-hand experiencevicarious experience文化遗产cultural heritage互联网不会让旅游业过时The Internet will not render tourism obsolete.iv. Government 类词汇Government17)当局authorities老百姓citizens、the citizenry(全体公民，不可数)规范，管理regulate、administer、oversee(vts)实施implement立法legislate、make laws严禁strictly prohibitban altogether严格的法律stringent laws/ legislation监督scrutiny(noun)、scrutinize(vt)、monitor(vt)19)为…拨款allocate money to somethingsubsidize(vt)be a patron ofinvest infinance(vt）fund(vt) dedicate money to something预算budget税收tax revenue政府在某方面的开支the government spendingexpenditure on something削减curtail增加augment当务之急priority把…当成当务之急give priority to something.责任obligation、responsibility20)军备竞赛arms race自卫self-defense国土安全national securityhomeland security缺乏远见的政策short-sighted policy扩张expansion/ aggression谋求霸权seek hegemonypursue(vts) hegemony恶性循环 a vicious circle地区不稳定因素destabilizing factor规章制度rules and regulations21)太空竞赛space race武器arms、weapons、armaments下岗工人lay-off workersdownsize workers失业unemployment、joblessness基础设施infrastructure比如public transport system 公共交通系统power grid 电网pipelines 石油和天然气管道water supply and drainage system 给排水系统等民主与开放的政府 a democratic and progressive government v. Animals 类词汇Animals22)动物权益保护主义者animal rights activists医学研究medical research残忍的cruel、merciless、inhuman、callous、brutal 活体解剖vivisection麻醉anaesthetic减轻动物的痛苦alleviate、ease animals’pain宠物是主人的伙伴pets are companions of their masters给主人心理安慰afford their masters consolation and comfort 偷猎poach(vi,vt)、poaching(noun)某一种事物是没有替代物的there are no replacement for something.there are no Substitutes for something.there are no alternatives(单数则去掉s) for something.vi. Language & Culture 必备词汇23)一种可以通用的语言（比如英语）a lingua francaa universal languagea global language英语的广泛应用the proliferation of English英语的统治地位the dominant role of Englishthe ascendancy of Englishthe hegemony of English方言dialect、vernacular、the indigenous language小语种将会消亡Lesser-known language will become extinct/obsolete小语种的消亡the extinction/ demise of lesser-known languages24) 文化遗产包括有形跟无形两种，有形的入历史遗迹，无形的入风俗，仪式，传统道德观念等Cultural heritage can be divided into two groups, tangible cultural heritage, suchas historic sites and intangible heritage, such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc. 保护preserve祖先forefathers/ ancestors后代descendants/posterity(后一个是不可数名词)少数民族ethnic minorities25)民族团结the harmony between ethnic group/ race文化融合cultural integration and synthesis相互影响interaction文化多元性cultural diversity丰富enrich狭隘的观念insular、provincial、parochial mentality贬低deprecatedDenigrateminimize the importance ofDisparageTrivializediscredit某事不是一成不变的something is not set in stonesomething is not carved in stonevii. Development类常用词汇26)生活节奏加速the tempo of life has acceleratedthe pace of life has accelerated疲劳fatigue导致人与人的疏远create alienation between people过于功利的materialistic、mercenary、money-worshiping追求最大限度利润pursue maximum profit交通堵塞traffic jamstraffic congestionsgrid block(最后一个是不可数名词)阻碍impede、hinder、hamper、obstruct、inhibit扶贫poverty alleviation就业机会job opportunity/employment opportunity贫穷的needy、poverty-stricken、impoverished、deprived、destitute、indigent 富裕的affluent、wealthy、well-off27)撞车car wreckscar accidents行人pedestrians交通肇事者traffic accident perpetrators违章横穿马路jaywalk(可以记忆为：周杰伦走路――不走寻常路――美特斯邦威) 监控摄像头surveillance cameras28)有特殊审美价值的老房子old buildings of special aesthetic value(注意审美观的英文说法是aesthetic values 复数)有历史特殊意义的老房子buildings of historic significance民居vernacular dwellings让城市更美观beautify the citiesbetter the cityscape破旧的房子decrepit、rundown、rickety、dilapidated拆除tear down a buildingdemolish a buildingraze a buildingknock down a building高楼high-rise building摩天楼skyscrapers城市化urbanization城乡差距the disparity between the city and countryside城市的urban乡村的rural搬迁relocate(vi,vt)29)在家上班（动词）telecommute休闲leisure、recreation精神上的享受amusement and enjoyment娱乐entertainment、diversion宽松的管理laissez-faire management运营成本operating costsoverhead costs雇用recruit会导致效率降低的counterproductive劳动力资源labor pool抑郁症depression失眠sleeplessness、sleep-deprivation、insomnia 人口爆炸population explosion/population boom 控制人口birth control、family planning爱慕虚荣的pretentious、ostentatious缺少运动的生活方式sedentary lifestyle营养过剩over nourishmentviii. Environment 类常用词汇Environment30)生态平衡ecological balanceecological equilibrium可持续发展sustainable development环保主义者environmentalists、conservationists对环境无害的environmentally-friendly节约使用conserve(vt)保护preserve 再利用（动词）reuse、recycle各国必须携手解决环境问题：Countries on this planet must join forces/make a concerted effort /unite to combat/tackle/resolve/address environmental problems.增强公众关于…的意识raise the public awareness of somethingelevate the public awareness of something短缺shortage、scarcity、dearth、lack给资源造成很大压力put a strain on the already stretched resource破坏自然资源wreak havoc on natural resources砍伐森林deforestation污染pollute、contaminate有毒的poisonous、toxic31)增加农产品产量boost crop yield可再生资源renewable resource不可再生资源non-renewable resource(包括金属metal,矿产minerals,石油petroleum,天然气natural gas,煤coal 等，后三种可以总称为fossil fuels)消耗（某种资源）consume、deplete用尽use up、exhaust严厉的措施harsh action、measures生态系统ecosystem、ecological system某一地区所有的生物的总称he wildlife in a region/the biota(=flora + fauna) of a region生物多样性biodiversity32)污水effluent/sewage排放discharge温室效应greenhouse effectglobal warming严重的severe 、grave白色污染产生的垃圾non-biodegradable garbagewastes that cannot decompose or break down/ inorganic trash 谴责而不是纵容condemn rather than condone something臭氧层ozone layer肥沃的土壤fertile soil贫瘠的土壤infertile soil耕地arable land/ farmlandix. Globalization 类常用词汇Globalization35)(一个国家或者地区的)文化特性（national or regional）cultural identity全球文化同一化过程global cultural homogenization（名词，即地区文化特征的消失）文化同一性（或者叫文化均质性，名词）cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity全球化是一把双刃剑Globalization is a two-edge sword.地球村the global villagex. Family类常用词汇37)老年人elderly people/ senior citizens家庭成员间的情感纽带family bonds/ family ties归属感 a sense of belonging对…的依恋an attachment to something/ an affinity for something贫穷的家庭deprived families富裕的家庭affluent families单亲家庭single-parent household虐待mistreat、abuse家庭暴力domestic violence毒品上瘾addiction to drugsbe addicted to drugs写作必背40个提分句式.1. It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population.2. It is (has been) estimated that the world's population could reach 6 billion by the end of the century.3. It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work.4. It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world we can overcome.5. As is known man is the product of labour.6. It is a common saying that man who has a settled purpose will surely succeed.7. It is clear that the enemy has no desire for peace.8. It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day.9. It's hard to say whether the plan is practicable.10. There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.11. It seems certain that they have made a series of experiments.12. It is said that bats have been using radar for millions of years.13. To tell the truth , many mistakes we made could have been avoided.14. As we know, it was not until recently that the problem was solved.15. It must be admitted that you haven't done what you promised to do.16. In my opinion, this computer is different from that one you saw.17. It is certain that we have a long way to go.18. All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.19. As far as we know, it took him more than a year to write the book.20. It has been proved that every substance, no matter what it is, is made up of atoms.21. It has been decided that we are going to build a railway whose base must be completed within this year.22. It is obvious (evident) that the success of the innovation depends on our concerted efforts.23. To be frank, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice.24. It is natural that one may have trouble expressing complicated ideas in simple English.25. What is more important, the agreement they have negotiated is being carried out.26. We will be successful as long as we persevere.27. Frankly speaking, what you call the truth may not apply to things happening here.28. It is true that we must redouble our efforts; otherwise we cannot catch up with the developed。