宾语从句

宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，在句中可以作谓语动词、介词、某些形容词及过去分词的宾语。

E.g: I don’t know what he said.That depends on where we go.I am not sure where he lives.I am surprised that he passed the exam.二、句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句三、引导词1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。

例如: Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.注意：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。

在以下情况下，that不能省略。

（1）and或but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，可以省略第一个连词that，放在and或者but 的后面的that不能省略。

Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

（2）that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。

I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

（3）主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。

We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。

（4）当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause, that不可省略I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。

例如:David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。

I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。

注意:whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。

但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether.e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。

e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）③宾语从句中有or not时,只用whether不用if.e.g. I don’t know whether the report is true or not.④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。

whether 也可与不定式连用。

e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.They don’t know whether to go there.3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。

例如:Do you know what we can do on the island?I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.注意:如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用thatShe says (that) she will leave a message on his desk .He said (that) he was going to take care of the child .He asks if I like playing the piano .You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus station .用适当的连词填空。

1. I’m glad _____ you’re ready to help others.2. I’m worried about ______ she can come here on time.3. I don’t know _____ to go.4. I don’t know ______ one I should buy.5. I want to know ______ dictionary this is.6. Could you tell me _______ you are from?7. Could you tell me _____ he wants to go to China?8. I don’t know _______ has happened to you.四、语序宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。

例如:When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?五、时态的呼应1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。

例如:I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。

例如:He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。

3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。

例如:Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.1.The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2. The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)3. Tom says that they ____________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.4. I hear they __________ (return) it already.5. He said that they _________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6. He asked what they __________ at eight last night. (do)7. The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel)8. I think you __________ about the relay race now. (talk)9. I didn’t know whom the letters _________ from. (be)六、否定转移当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。

例如:I don’t believe he is here on time, is he?I don’t think Tom is the best st udent in his class, is he?七、当接宾语从句的动词为insist,command,demand,request,require,suggest,advice,recommend,propose等时,宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用(should )+动词原形.They requested that the meeting (should) be postponed.John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies (should) be examined.八. 连词if 和when 在不同从句中的区别：1. Do you know if ______back next week ? If he ______ back , please let me know .A. he comes , will comeB. will he come , comesC. he will come , comesD. he will come , will come2. I don’t know when he _________ (come) . I can’t wait here any more . When he _______ (come) , would you please ask him to call me ?宾语从句练习题一．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。

1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．A. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; If2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he comeB. how will he comeC. if he comesD. whether he'll come3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?A. whatB. howC. whetherD. where4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?A. how did he mendB. what did he mendC. how he mendedD. what he mended5. I want to know _________.A. whom is she looking afterB. whom she is lookingC. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after6. Do you know where _________ now?A. he livesB. does he liveC. he livedD. did he live7. Do you know what time _________?A. the train leaveB. does the train leaveC. will the train leaveD. the train leaves8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are9. The small children don't know _________.A. what is their stockings inB. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings inD. what in their stockings10. I can't understand _________.A. what does Christmas meanB. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas doesD. what Christmas means二. 按要求转换句型。