英文版软件工程试题模拟试题2018下半年
2018级杭电软件工程专业2018-2019年第二学期软件工程课程试卷和答案
2019年杭州电子科技大学《SoftwareEngineering》课程考试卷一、Fill in the blank with the best answer：（共20空，每空1分，共20分）1.Requirements validation is concerned with checks for ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) and ( ).2.Different architectural models such as ( ), ( ) and ( ) may be developed.3.System organisational models include ( ), ( ) and ( ).4. The waterfall model takes the fundamental process activities of ( ), ( ), ( ) and ( ).5.White-box Test Methods ususllay includes: ( ),( ), ( ), ( ), ( ).二、Explain those terminologies（共4小题，每小题10分，共40分）1.What is software engineering?2.What is System requirements?3. What are the attributes of good software?4.What is White-box Testing?三、Choose the best answer（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1.Software engineering is an engineering( )that is concerned with all aspects of software production.A.disciplineB.subjectC.ethicsD.arises2.During system testing( )are integrated to form sub-systems or the complete.A. componentsB. processesC. modelsD. techniques3.The application of three basic control structure of the common characteristics( )A.not nest useB. Can only be used to write a simple procedureC.Have to use hardware forD. Only one entry and exit 4.What is the purpose of improving software quality and technical activities? ( )A. Technology InnovationB.TestingC. Technology to createD. Technical Review5.The system engineering process usually begins with the ( )A) detailed view B) domain viewC) element view D) world view6. UML notations that can be used to model the hardware and software elements of a system are( )A) Activity diagrams B) Class diagramsC) Deployment diagrams D) Use-case diagrams E) a, b, and c7.The system model template contains which of the following elementsf( )A) input B) outputC) user interface D) all of the above8.The goal of product engineering is to translate the customer\'s desire for a set of defined capabilities into a working product. ( )A) True B) False9.To construct a system model the engineer should consider which of the following restraining factors? ( )A) assumptions B) budgetC) constraints D) schedule E) both a and c10.The top level of the hierarchical model of a system is known as the( )A) AFD B) DFD C) SCD D) SFD四、Short Answer Questions (共2小题，每小题15分，共30分)1. What advantages Object model have?2. Draw links between the school and teachers links ER diagram.School(Schoolname,School site,Schoolmast);Teacher(Tnumber,Tname,Specialty(专长));Appointment(Schoolname,Tnumber,Salary);《Software Engineering》考试卷答案适用专业：考试日期：闭卷所需时间：120分钟总分：100分一、Fill in the blank with the best answer：（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1.Requirements validation is concerned with checks for validity, consistency, completeness, realism and verifiability.2.Different architectural models such as a structural model, a control model and a decomposition model may be developed.3.System organisational models include repository models, client-server models and abstract machine models.4.The waterfall model takes the fundamental process activities of specification, design and implementation, validation and evolution.5.White-box Test Methods ususllay includes:Statement Coverage,Decision/Branch Coverage,Condition Coverage,Decision/Condition Coverage,Path Coverage二、Explain those terminologies（共4小题，每小题10分，共40分）1.What is software engineering?Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production.Software engineers should adopt a systematic and organised approach to their work and use appropriate tools and techniques depending on the problem to be solved, the development constraints and the resources available.2. What is System requirements?system requirements are expanded versions of the user requirements that are used by software engineers as the starting point for the system design.3.What are the attributes of good software?The software should deliver the required functionality and performance to the user and should be maintainable, dependable and acceptable.MaintainabilitySoftware must evolve to meet changing needs;DependabilitySoftware must be trustworthy;EfficiencySoftware should not make wasteful use of system resources;AcceptabilitySoftware must accepted by the users for which it was designed.This means it must be understandable, usable and compatible withother systems.4. What is White-box Testing?•Looking at the internal structure of a program and deriving test cases based on the logic or control flow.•Test cases can be designed to reach every branch in the code and to exercise each condition•Also known as:–Structural Testing–Glass-Box Testing三、Choose the best answer（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1.Software engineering is an engineering ( A ) that is concerned with all aspects of software production.A.disciplineB.subjectC.ethicsD.arises2.During system testing ( A ) are integrated to form sub-systems or the complete.A. componentsB. processesC. modelsD. techniques3.The application of three basic control structure of the common characteristics（D）A.not nest useB. Can only be used to write a simple procedureC.Have to use hardware forD. Only one entry and exit4.What is the purpose of improving software quality and technical activities?（D）A. Technology InnovationB.TestingC. Technology to createD. Technical Review5.The system engineering process usually begins with the ( D )A) detailed viewB) domain viewC) element viewD) world view6. UML notations that can be used to model the hardware and software elements of a system are ( E )A) Activity diagramsB) Class diagramsC) Deployment diagramsD) Use-case diagramsE) a, b, and c7.The system model template contains which of the following elementsf (D)A) inputB) outputC) user interfaceD) all of the above8.The goal of product engineering is to translate the customer\'s desire for a set of defined capabilities into a working product.( A)A) TrueB) False9.To construct a system model the engineer should consider which of the following restraining factors?( E)A) assumptionsB) budgetC) constraintsD) scheduleE) both a and c10.The top level of the hierarchical model of a system is known as the(C)A) AFDB) DFDC) SCDD) SFD四、Short Answer Questions (共2小题，每小题15分，共30分)1. What advantages Object model have?a. Objects are loosely coupled so their implementation can be modified without affecting other objects.b. The objects may reflect real-world entities.c. Object-oriented implementation languages are widely used.d. However, object interface changes may cause problems and complex entities may be hard to represent as objects.2. Draw links between the school and teachers links ER diagram:School(Schoolname,School site,Schoolmast);Teacher(Tnumber,Tname,Specialty(专长));Appointment(Schoolname,Tnumber,Salary);。
软件工程 选择题 (中英文)
软件工程选择题 (中英文)1、软件生命周期管理1.1 什么是软件生命周期？答案：软件生命周期是指软件从开始开发直到退役的整个过程，包括需求分析、设计、编码、测试、部署和维护等阶段。
1.2 软件生命周期中的主要阶段有哪些？答案：- 需求分析阶段：确定软件系统需求、功能和性能等方面的要求。
- 设计阶段：根据需求分析的结果设计出软件系统的结构和组件。
- 编码阶段：通过编写源代码实现系统的功能。
- 测试阶段：对软件进行各种测试，包括单元测试、集成测试和系统测试等。
- 部署阶段：将软件系统部署到目标环境中，让用户可以使用。
- 维护阶段：对软件进行修复bug、升级和改进等操作，以保证系统的正常运行。
1.3 软件生命周期管理的目标是什么？答案：软件生命周期管理的目标是通过规范的过程和方法来控制软件开发过程，从而提高软件质量、降低风险和成本，以及提高项目交付的可靠性和时间性。
2、需求工程2.1 什么是软件需求？答案：软件需求是对软件系统所需要具备的功能、性能、可靠性和其他特性的描述和规定。
2.2 软件需求的分类有哪些？答案：- 功能需求：描述系统应具备的功能和行为。
- 非功能需求：描述系统性能、可靠性、可用性等方面的要求。
- 用户需求：描述用户对系统的期望和需求。
- 系统需求：将用户需求转化为系统可以理解和实现的需求。
- 验证需求：用于验证软件系统是否满足用户需求的需求。
2.3 软件需求工程的关键活动有哪些？答案：- 需求获取：通过与用户沟通、文档分析等方式获取需求。
- 需求分析：对需求进行分析，识别需求的关联和冲突等问题。
- 需求规格化：将需求用规格化的方式进行描述，如使用用例、功能规格说明等。
- 需求验证：对需求进行验证，包括需求审查、原型验证等。
- 需求管理：对需求进行跟踪和变更管理，确保需求的有效性和一致性。
3、软件设计3.1 什么是软件设计？答案：软件设计是将需求转化为具体的软件系统结构和组件的过程。
2018年软件设计师下半年试题
1.在软件开发过程中，哪个阶段主要进行软件的详细设计和数据库设计？A.需求分析B.系统设计C.编码D.测试2.下列哪种设计模式属于结构型模式，用于实现不同类之间的解耦？A.工厂模式B.适配器模式C.观察者模式D.代理模式3.在敏捷开发方法中，哪个活动或角色负责与客户或最终用户保持密切沟通，以确保开发方向正确？A.Scrum MasterB.Product OwnerC.DeveloperD.Tester4.下列哪个软件测试类型旨在验证软件是否满足用户需求和规定？A.单元测试B.集成测试C.验收测试D.回归测试5.在Java中，以下哪个关键字用于定义一个类的接口？A.classB.interfaceC.enumD.abstract6.关于数据库事务，以下哪个描述是错误的？A.事务是数据库管理系统中执行的一个逻辑单元B.事务具有原子性、一致性、隔离性和持久性（ACID）特性C.并发事务执行时，每个事务的执行顺序是固定的D.隔离性确保一个事务的执行不被其他事务干扰7.在面向对象编程中，封装的主要目的是什么？A.提高软件的可维护性B.提高软件的可扩展性C.隐藏对象的属性和实现细节，仅对外公开接口D.允许通过继承复用代码8.在计算机网络中，TCP协议属于哪一层？A.物理层B.数据链路层C.网络层D.传输层9.以下哪个不是软件测试的基本活动？A.编写测试用例B.执行测试C.编写用户文档D.分析测试结果10.关于软件设计原则，以下哪个描述是正确的？A.单一职责原则要求一个类只负责一个功能，但一个方法可以有多个职责B.开闭原则鼓励对扩展开放，对修改关闭C.里氏替换原则允许子类覆盖父类的方法，但返回类型必须改变D.依赖倒置原则要求高层模块依赖低层模块。
2018软考试题及答案
2018软考试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 软件工程中，需求分析阶段的主要任务是（）。
A. 确定软件的功能需求B. 设计软件的体系结构C. 编写软件的详细设计文档D. 进行软件的测试工作答案：A2. 在面向对象的程序设计中，封装的目的是（）。
A. 提高程序的运行效率B. 增强程序的可读性C. 隐藏对象的内部状态和实现细节D. 简化程序的调试过程答案：C3. 数据库管理系统（DBMS）的主要功能不包括（）。
A. 数据定义B. 数据操纵C. 数据存储D. 程序编译答案：D4. 在项目管理中，风险管理的主要目的是（）。
A. 完全避免风险B. 识别风险并制定应对策略C. 增加项目的成本D. 延长项目的周期答案：B5. 软件测试的目的是（）。
A. 证明软件是正确的B. 发现尽可能多的软件缺陷C. 确保软件满足用户需求D. 减少软件的开发成本答案：B6. 在敏捷开发中，迭代周期通常较短，其主要目的是（）。
A. 增加工作量B. 减少沟通成本C. 提高软件质量D. 降低项目风险答案：D7. 软件配置管理的主要任务不包括（）。
A. 版本控制B. 变更管理C. 软件发布D. 性能优化答案：D8. 在软件工程中，模块化设计的主要优势是（）。
A. 增加软件的复杂性B. 提高软件的可维护性C. 降低软件的性能D. 减少软件的功能答案：B9. 软件项目的成本估算不包括（）。
A. 人力成本B. 设备成本C. 培训成本D. 软件销售收入答案：D10. 软件维护的主要类型不包括（）。
A. 改正性维护B. 适应性维护C. 完善性维护D. 创新性维护答案：D结束语：以上是2018年软件考试的部分试题及答案，希望对您的复习有所帮助。
2018年高考英语模拟题考试英语试卷-Word版含答案
2018年高考英语模拟题考试英语试卷-Word版含答案TOEFL ITP. It is part of ETS’s institutional testingprogram. TOEFL ITP is used within institutions for the purpose of placement or to evaluate progress of students. It is not accepted for entrance to universities.For young English learners, there are two new TOEFL tests. The TOEFL Junior Test is for youngpeople between 11 and 15 years old. And the TOEFL Primary Test is for those over the age of eight.IELTS tests academic and general language skills The IELTS has two forms. The Listening and Speaking sections are the same for both forms. In the Reading and Writing sections, however, there are two different tests.The Academic IELTS uses topics and materials covered in undergraduate, graduate, or professional programs.The General IELTS uses topics and material from everyday books, newspapers andmagazines.1. Which kind of TOEFL is used within institutions for the purpose of placement or to evaluate progress of students?A. TOEFL IBT.B. TOEFL ITP.C. TOEFL Junior Test.D. TOEFL Primary Test.2. According to the passage, which description is Not right?A. The TOEIC test includes questions coming from real situations like attending a company meeting.B. Many U.S. universities require the TOEFL IBT for international student admissions.C. The Academic IELTS uses topics and materials covered in undergraduate, graduate, or professional programs.D. The Listening and Writing sections are the same for The Academic IELTS and The General IELTS.3. The writer wrote the article mainly to ___________.A. make an introduction about three populartestsB. place an advertisement for three popular testsC. give a business talk about three popular testsD. give a lesson on three popular testsBNASA on Thursday announced the discovery of Kepler-452b, the most Earth-like planet ever found.Located 1,400 light-years from our planet, NASA called it “Earth 2.0”, because it’s the first planet discovered in the habitable zone of a G star similar to our sun. “We can think of Kepler-452b as an older, bigger cousin to Earth, providing an opportunity to understand and reflect upon Earth’s evolving environment,” said Jon Jenkins, the Kepler data analysis lead at NASA's Ames Research Center.The planet is 5 percent farther away from its star than Earth is to the sun, making for a slightly longer year of 385 days, but gets similar light because its sun is20 percent brighter than our own.“The sunshine from this star would feel very similar to the sunshine from our star,” Jenkins told reporters.NASA believes the planet has a mass about five times more massive than Earth’s, with a rocky surface below a thicker atmosphere than our own. Gravity would be about twice as strong on Kepler-452b as it is on Earth, NASA said.The planet is located in the Kepler-452 system in the constellation Cygnus (天鹅座). Its sun has the same surface temperature as our own, but has a diameter that is 10 percent larger.While NASA scientists have no idea if Kepler-452b’s atmosphere is conducive to life, they do know that there has been plenty of time for organisms to develop.“It’s awe-inspiring to consider this planet spent 6 billion years in the habitable zone of its star, which is longer the age of the Earth,” Jenkins said. “That isconsiderable time and opportunity for life to arise somewhere on its surface or oceans if all the necessary condi tions for life exist on this planet.”4. The reason why NASA called Kepler-452b “Earth 2.0” is that ___________.A. it is 5 percent farther away from its star than Earth is to the sunB. it has a mass about five times more massive than Earth’sC. it’s the first planet discovered in the habitable zone of a G star similar to our sunD. it is longer the age of the Earth5. According to the passage, we know that ____________.A. Kepler-452b is located in the constellation CygnusB. Kepler-452b’s atmosp here is conducive to lifeC. gravity would be about twice as strong on Earth as it is on Kepler-452bD. the sunshine from Kepler-452b would feel very different from the sunshine from earth6. The underlined part “habitable zone” in the last paragraph refers to ___________.A. a large area which is different from othersB. a small area which is the same as othersC. a large area which is good enough for people to live inD. a small area which is hard for people to live in7. W hat type of writing is the text? It’s ____________.A. an exhibition guide.B. an art show review.C. a science fictionD. a news reportCAre you trying to learn a new language in a foreign land? You might be better off if you stopped looking at that picture of your family and friends.New research from Columbia University found that prompting someone who islearning a new language with images and reminders of their own culture could temporarily ruin everything that the brain was trying to build.When native Chinese students were asked to talk with a Caucasian avatar (白种人的虚拟头像) and a Chinese avatar, their English skills were so different. Simply exposing students to a Chinese person affected their ability to speak English. Subjects who talked with the Chinese version felt more comfortable in their speech, but they produced 11% fewer words per minute. They actually became less fluent speakers.To make sure it wasn't just the avatar, researchers also showed people random images of China while the participants told a story. When pictures of their homeland appeared, fluency dropped 16% and volunteers were 85% more likely to use a literal translation, for example, calling pistachios “happy nuts”, because that's literally what theChinese word for pistachio means.When the students were shown pictures of fish with one swimming ahead of the others, their culture would change how they look at the photo. With Chinese prompts (提示), like photos of the Great Wall or Chinese Dragon, etc. they saw more students thinking that the fish was being chased, while an American prompt, like pictures of Marilyn Monroe or Superman, saw those students believing that it was a leader fish. Why are our cultural symbols Marilyn Monroe and Superman?The bottom line is: when attempting to learn a new culture it is far better to surround yourself withthat culture than create an island of the old one.8. Why does the author use a question in the first paragraph?A. To raise a question.B. To arouse readers’ awareness.C. To introduce the topic.D. To tell a story.9. The underlined word “pistachios” in the fourth paragraph refers to ___________.A. picturesB. a kind of foodC. volunteersD. an image10. From the passage we can infer that ___________.A. with Chinese prompts, more students thought that it was a leader fishB. with an American prompt, more students thought that the fish was being chasedC. different images would change with different peopleD. different cultures would affect how students look at the photo11. According to the research, which isa better way for a student in a foreign land to learn a new culture?A. To surround himself with that culture.B. To create an island of the old one.C. To see random images of China.D. To talk with a Caucasian avatar.D Just three days after hitting the screen across China, the Chinese animation (动画) film “Monkey King: Hero is Back”aroused enthusiasm among audience and ticket sales have exceeded（超过）100 million yuan ($16.11 million).Web celebrities and many fans even posted topics about the film on China’s Twitter-like Weibo, at which heated discussion are sparked.“Monkey King: Hero is Back” is based on the household legend of the Monkey King, but tells a not-so familiar story. However, it’s still a Chinese style heroic legend and an exciting adventure against evil and darkness in troubled times, according to Lu Wei, the producer.“Monkey King is China’s super hero. It is so popular among Chinese audience because they long for and cherish our own superhero,” said Tian Xiaopeng, the director.Some media also put on a lot of comments fromforeigners.“He’s never dead, he’s just fallen asleep. We all need a hero to look up to, to give us hope and courage when it is needed. We grew up listening to his tales, his great adventures and heroic deeds. What makes a true hero is not just helping people when one has the power, but having the courage to stand up against the evil even without power. And this is what the film is about. When the hero loses his power and armor, when he is nothing more than an ordinary monkey, what would he do to protect the one he loves? This is also about a group of Chinese dream chasers trying to keep the beacon of hope lit even though being in t he most unfavorable situations” from Tumblr. “Though the film was injected with a little bit of Hollywood, its bold and creative story has attracted several Chinese cinema aficionados.” from Yibada.One netizen posted after watching the film: “The film sets a new high-bar for the domesticanimation film, when I walked out of the theater,I was crying.”12. According to the director’s opinion, the film is so popular among Chinese audience because_______.A. Chinese audience long for and cherish his own superheroB. the film is based on the household legend of the Monkey KingC. the Chinese need a hero to look up to, to give them hope and courageD. the film was injected with a little bit of Hollywood13. According to the passage, it can be inferred that _________.A. the film is still a Chinese style heroic legendB. the film is well-receivedC. the film tells us the fact that what makes a true hero is to help people when one has the powerD. the film only aroused enthusiasm among Chinese audience14. After watching the film, the netizen mentioned in the last paragraph was _________.A. very sadB. deeply movedC .very crazy D. deeply gloomy15. Why does the writer mention Weibo, Tumblr and Yibada? Because he wants to __________.A. persuade more readers to visit themB. tell readers some information about themC. make them better known to readersD. provide some evidence for readers第二节（共 5 小题：每小题 2 分，满分10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018下半年软件评测师考试真题及答案-下午卷
2018下半年软件评测师考试真题及答案-下午卷试题一【问题1】（3分）请针对上述C程序给出满足100%DC（判定覆盖）所需的逻辑条件。
【问题2】（8分）请画出上述程序的控制流图，并计算其控制流图的环路复杂度V（G）。
【问题3】（4分）请给出问题2中控制流图的线性无关路径。
答案：【问题1】i<ncycle；i>=ncycle；j<cyclelen；j>=cyclelen；pos>=panonopt；pos<panonopt；【问题2】V(g)=4【问题3】1、2、81、2、3、4、2…1、2、3、4、5、6、4…1、2、3、4、5、7、4…试题二【说明】某连锁酒店集团实行积分奖励计划，会员每次入住集团旗下酒店均可以获得一定积分，积分由欢迎积分加消费积分构成。
其中欢迎积分跟酒店等级有关，具体标准如表2-1所示；消费积分跟每次入住消费金额有关，具体标准为每消费1元获得2积分（不足1元的部分不给分）。
此外，集团会员分为优先会员、金会员、白金会员三个级别，金会员和白金会员在入住酒店时可获得消费积分的额外奖励，奖励规则如表2-2所示。
表2-1 集团不同等级酒店的欢迎积分标准表2-2 额外积分奖励规则该酒店集团开发了一个程序来计算会员每次入住后所累积的积分，程序的输入包括会员级别L、酒店等级C和消费金额A（单位：元），程序的输出为本次积分S。
其中，L为单个字母且大小写不敏感，C为取值1到6的整数，A为正浮点数且最多保留两位小数，S为整数。
【问题1】（7分）采用等价类划分法对该程序进行测试，等价类表如表2-3所示，请补充表2-3中空（1）-（7）。
表2-3 等价类【问题2】（13分）根据以上等价类表设计的测试用例如下表所示，请补充表2-4中空（1）-（13）。
表2-4 测试用例答案：【问题1】（1）P （2）1 （3）4、5 （4）最多带2位小数的正浮点数（5）MGP以外的单个字母（6）小于1的整数（7）最多两位小数的负浮点数【问题2】（1）300 （2）100 （3）3，6，8 （4）6（5）1（非字母）（6）FF（非单个字母）（7）N/A （8）2.3（非整数）（9）1，13，8 （10）7（大于6的整数）（11）a（非浮点数）（12）-100.12（最多带两位小数的负浮点数）（13）100.123（超过两位小数的正浮点数）解析：【问题1】等价类划分原则：在输入条件规定了取值范围或值的个数的情况下，可以确定一个有效等价类和两个无效等价类在输入条件规定了输入值得集合或者规定了“必须如何”的条件的情况下，可以确立一个有效等价类和一个无效等价类在输入条件是一个布尔量的情况下，可确定一个有效等价类和一个无效等价类在规定了输入数据的一组值（假定n个），并且程序要对每一个输入值分别处理的情况下，可确定n个有效等价类和一个无效等价类在规定了输入数据必须遵守的规则的情况下，可确定一个有效等价类（符合规则）和若干个无效等价类（从不同角度违反规则）在确知已划分的等价类中，各元素在程序处理中的方式不同的情况下，则应再将该等价类进一步地划分为更小的等价类本题中：会员等级L为单个字母且大小写不敏感：结合表2-2，则有效等价类为M、G、P；无效等价类为非字母、非单个字母、MGP以外的单个字母；所以（1）处填写P；（5）处填写MGP 以外的单个字母酒店等级C为1~6的整数，结合表2-1，则有效等价类为 1、（2、3）、（4、5）、6；无效等价类为非整数、小于1的整数、大于6的整数；所以（2）处填写1，（3）处填写4、5，（6）处填写小于1的整数消费金额为正浮点数且最多保留两位小数，则有效等价类为最多带2位小数的正浮点数；无效等价类为非浮点数，多余两位小数的浮点数、最多两位小数的负浮点数；所以（7）处填写最多两位小数的负浮点数试题三【说明】某公司欲开发一套基于Web的房屋中介系统，以有效管理房源和客户，提升成交效率。
软件工程英文版复习题
软件工程复习题PART-A Multiple-c hoice Questions1.When should the system testing phase begin? ( C )A. After beta testingB. Before unit testingC. After white box testingD. Before functional testing2.Which is included in the software requirements specification? ( C )A. error handlingB. data descriptionC. functional descriptionD. performance description3.Which factors must be most considered when developing acceptance criteria?( B )A. user availabilityB. match with requirementsC. ability to benchmark systemD. schedule of system delivery4.Software _____ is work done to enhance software functionality, correct errors and improvethe performance of software. ( B )A. re-designsB. MaintenanceC. CorrectionsD. Re-engineering5.Which type of testing is not a part of system testing? ( D )A. Stress testingB. Function testingC. White box testingD. Incremental testing6.Which are included in the software requirements specification? ( B, D )A. error handlingB. functional descriptionC. data descriptionD. maintainability description7. A data dictionary was created during the requirements analysis phase of a softwareengineering project. What information does it contain? ( A,B,D )A. interfaceB. data typeC. restrictionsD. content description8.What is configuration management in software engineering?( C )A. overall management of the design of the systemB. management of the configurable components in a systemC. the identification of the configuration of a system at discreet points in time to controlchanges to the configurationD. in object-oriented programming, the management of objects that control theconfiguration of some other function(s) in the systemPART-B Fill up the blanks1.Most product need ___maintenance_______ because of wear and tear caused by theusage2.__Evolutionary___________ Model is known as the successive versions model3.ISO is abbreviated as____International Standard Organization _________4.__Verification _________ is the process of determining whether one phase of a softwareproduct confirms to its previous phase5.Black-box testing is also known as____ Functional testing or Closed Box ______6.White-box testing is also called the __Structural testing. or Open Box ____7.__ Software reverse engineering ___ is the process of recovering the design and therequirement specification of product from an analysis of its code8.__ Software Life Cycle____ is the series of identifiable stage that a software productundergoes during its life timePART–C Answer the following in one or two sentences each question1.Define software EngineeringAns:It is an approach to develop software using engineering approachEngineering approach meansHEAVY USE OF PAST EXPERIENCEOPTIMIZATIONCOST EFFECTIVENESS2.What is meant by software configuration management?Ans:Software configuration management is the art of identifying, organizing and controlling modifications to the software being built by a programming team 3.Explain Characteristics of a Good SRS Document.Ans:a.It should be concise and at the same time unambiguous.b.It should be consistent.c.It should be complete.d.It should be well-structured and easily modifiable.4.Generate test cases to compute the square root of integer values in the rangebetween 0 and 2000 using Boundary Value Analysis.Ans:{0, 1, 2000, 2001}Boundary Value Analysis5.What is a Formal Technique?Ans:A formal technique is a mathematical method to specify a hardware and/orsoftware system, to verify whether a specification is realizable, to validate whether an implementation satisfies its specification and to prove properties ofa system without necessarily running the system, etc.6.Define Software Life Cycle Model.Ans:Software life cycle is the series of identifiable stage that a software product undergoes during its life time7.Define Fan-OutAns: It is a measure of the number of modules that are directly controlled by a given module. A design having modules with high fan-out is not a good design as such modules would lack cohesion.8.Explain the need of an SRS Document.Ans:a.An SRS establishes the basis for agreement between the client and thesupplier on what the software product will do.b.An SRS provides a reference for validation of the final product.c. A high quality SRS is a prerequisite to high-quality software.d. A high-quality SRS reduces the development cost.9.Generate test cases to compute the square root of integer values in the rangebetween 0 and 5000 using Boundary Value Analysis.Ans:{0, 1, 5000, 5001}Boundary Value Analysis10.Define Decision tableAns:Decision table specify which variables are to be tested, what actions are to betaken and the order in which decision making is to be performed.PART–D Write Short notes1.Empirical Estimation TechniquesAns:Empirical estimation techniques are based on making an educated guess of the project parameters. Although empirical estimation techniques are based on common sense, and experience over the years. The two most widely used empirical estimation techniques are•Expert JudgmentIt is one of the most widely used estimation techniques. In this approach an expert makes an educated guess of the problem size after analyzing the problem thoroughly•Delphi TechniqueIt tries to overcome some of the short coming of the previous method. It is carried out by a team composed of a group of experts and a coordinatoranization and Team StructuresAns:Every software organization handles several projects. Software organizations assign a team of engineers to handle a software project. There are a few standard ways in which software organizations and teams are structured.There are essentially two broad ways in which a software development organization is structured:•Functional format•Project formatTeam StructureProblems of different complexities and sizes require different team structures. For effective solution, usually every organization has a standard formal team structure. The three common formal team structures followed by most organizations are•Democratic Team Structure•Chief Programmer Team Structure•Mixed Team Structure3.Code InspectionsAns:Code inspections aim explicitly at the discovery of commonly made mistakes. Most software development companies collect statistics to identify the type of errors most frequently committed. Such a list of commonly committed（提交）errors can be used during code inspections to keep a look-out for possible errors.The following is a list of some classical programming errors which can be looked for during code inspections:►Use of uninitialized variables.►Jumps into loops.►Non terminating loops.►Incompatible assignment.►Array indices out of bounds.►Improper storage allocation and deallocation.4.Black-Box TestingAns:This testing methodology looks at what are the available inputs for an application and what the expected outputs are that should result from each input. It is not concerned with the inner workings of the application, the process that the application undertakes to achieve a particular output or any other internal aspect of the application that may be involved in the transformation of an input into an output.Most black-box testing tools employ either coordinate based interaction with the applications graphical user interface (GUI) or image recognition.An example of a black-box system would be a search engine.You en ter text that you want to search for in the search bar, press “Search” and results are returned to you.In such a case, you do not know or see the specific process that is being employed to obtain your search results, you simply see that you provide an input – a search term – and you receive an output – your search results5.Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)Ans:The DFD (also known as the bubble chart) is a simple graphical notation that can be used to represent a system in terms of the input data to the system, various processing carried out on these data and the output data generated by the systemPrimitive Symbols Used for Constructing DFDsThere essentially five different symbols used to construct DFDs. These primitive symbols are depicted in BELOWFIGURE6.Risk (danger or loss) ManagementAns:A risk is any unfavorable (not encouraging or pleasing) event orcircumstances that can occur while a project is underway.Risk management aims at dealing with all kinds of risks that might affect aproject. Risk management consists of three essential activities:Risk Identification,Risk assessment,Risk containmentPART–E Solve the Problems1.Given Control flow graph G of a program for GCD .Calculate the cyclomaticcomplexity.Ans:Given a control flow graph G of a programThe cyclomatic complexity V(G) can be computed asV(G) = E-N+2Where,N is the number of nodes of the control graphE is the number of edges in the control flow graphEdge =8 and Node =6By substituting the values in Cyclomatic complexity formula we get, V(G)= 8 – 6 + 2The cyclomatic complexity = 4pare different software life cycle modelsAns:3.Mention Guidelines for Constructing DFDsAns:Some simple guidelines for constructing the DFD representation of a system, which have been developed after studying the different mistakes that beginners usually make while constructing the DFD model of systems are as follows:►The context diagram should depict the system as a single bubble. Many beginners commit the mistake of drawing more than one bubble in the contextdiagram.►All external entities interacting with the system should be represented only in the context diagram and these should not appear at other levels of the DFD.►Only 3 to 7 bubbles per diagram should be allowed, i.e. each bubble should be decomposed to between 3 and 7 bubbles.►A DFD does not represent control information such as when or in what order different functions (processes) are invoked and nor does it represent theconditions under which different functions are invoked.►All the functionalities of the system must be captured by the DFD model, i.e. no function of the system specified in the SRS document should be overlookedSRS.4.Calculate the length and volume of the f ollowing source code using Hallstead’sTechniquemain ( ){int a, b, c, avg;scanf (“%d %d %d”, &a, &b, &c);avg = (a + b + c) / 3;printf (“Average = %d”, avg);}Ans:The total number of unique operators ( n1 ) are : 12The total number of unique operands ( n2 ) are : 11Estimated Length = (12 * log 12 + 11 * log 11)= (12 * 3.58 + 11 * 3.45)= (43 + 38)= 81Volume = Length * log (23)= 81 * 4.52= 3665.Explain Classical Waterfall ModelAns:Feasibility studyThe aim of the feasibility study is to determine whether developing the product is financially and technically feasibleRequirement analysis and specification phasThe aim of the requirement analysis and specification phase is to understand the exact requirements of the customer and to document them properly. This phase consists of two distinct activities:Design phaseThe goal of the design phase is to transform the requirements specification into a structure that is suitable for implementation in some programming language. Two distinct design approaches followed in different industries are:Coding and Unit TestingThe purpose of this phase (also called the implementation phase) of software development is to translate the software design into source code. The end product ofthe implementation phase is a set of program modules that have been individually tested.Implementation phaseDuring this phase the different modules are integrated in a planned manner. The different modules making up a system are almost never integrated in a single shot. The goal of system testing is to ensure that the developed system functions according to its requirements as specified in the SRS document. The system testing usually consisting of three different kinds of testing activities6.List three major types of risks in a software projectAns:A project can be affected by a variety of risks. The three main categories of risks which can affect a software project are:•Project risksBudgetary, schedule, personnel, resource, customer-related problems etc.•Technical risksPotential design, implementation, interfacing, testing and maintenance problems. In addition, ambiguous specification, incomplete specification, changing specification, technical uncertainty and technical obsolescence.•Business risksThese risks include building an excellent product that no one wants, not fulfilling budgetary or personnel commitments etc.。
2018年下半年程序员真题+答案解析(全国计算机软考)上午选择+下午案例完整版
（软考）程序员-2018年下半年上午（考试真题及答案）一、单项选择题（共 75 分，每题 1 分。
每题备选项中，只有 1 个最符合题意）第1题，某编辑在编辑文稿时发现如下错误，其中最严重的错误是( )。
A:段落标题编号错误B:将某地区名列入了国家名单C:语句不通顺、有明显的错别字D:标点符号、字体、字号不符合要求第2题，某县有6.6万个贫困户，县委组织人员调查这 6.6万个贫困户经济收入，从中抽取1800个贫困户的经济收入进行分析。
请向本次调查的总体、个体、样本及样本容量分别为( )。
A:6.6万个贫困户经济收入、每个贫困户的经济收入、1800、1800个贫困户B:6.6万个贫困户、1800个贫困户经济收入、每个贫困的经济收入、1800C:6.6万个贫困户、每个贫困户的经济收入、1800个贫困户、1800D:6.6万个贫困户、每个贫困户的经济收入、1800、1800个贫困户经济收入第3题，在Excel中，若在A1单元格输入如下图所示的内容，则A1的值为( )。
A:7B:8C:TRUED:#NAME?第4题，在Excel中，单元格L3内容为“软件工程技术”，若要取单元格L3前两个学“软件”放入单元格M3中，则在M3中可输入( )，并按下回车键即可。
A:=LEFTB(M3,2)B:=LEFT(M3,2)C:=LEFTB(L3,2)D:=LEFT(L3,2)第5题，电子邮件地址“zhangli@"中的zhangli、@和分别表示用户信箱的( )。
A:邮件接收服务器域名、帐号和分隔符B:邮件接收服务器域名、分隔符和帐号C:帐号、分隔符和邮件接收服务器城名D:帐号、邮件接收服务器域名和分隔符第6题，程序计数器(PC)是用来指出下一条待执行指令地址的，它属于( )中的部件。
A:CPUB:RAMC:CacheD:USB第7题，以下关于主流固态硬盘的叙述中，正确的是( )。
A:存储介质是磁表面存储器，比机械硬盘功耗高B:存储介质是磁表面存储器，比机械硬盘功耗低C:存储介质是闪存芯片，比机械硬盘功耗高D:存储介质是闪存芯片，比机械硬盘功耗低第8题，CPU中可用来暂存运算结果的是( )。
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软件工程模拟试卷2018年下（A）
备注1：请使用中文回答问题。
备注2：所有题目都要写到试卷的指定位置（例如：试卷上），以免流水阅卷时有遗漏
备注3：复习时以课件为主，英文中文教材为辅。
一. 解释下列名词的含义（每个小题2分，共X 分）
1．软件工程（Software Engineering）
2．过程（Process）
3．黑盒测试（Black-box Test）
二. 判断（填写×或√）（每个小题1分，共X 分）
1．( ) 当软件系统的效率与可维护性产生抵触时，应强调效率。
2．( ) 开发软件时可随便选择一种语言进行开发。
3．( ) 抽象是面向对象的开发方法中独有的策略，在传统的开发方法中不需使用。
4．( ) 桩模块的编写比驱动模块更困难。
三. 从供选择的答案中，选出正确的答案填入（）内。
（每个题空1
分，共X 分）
1. 下列选项不属于瀑布模型的优点的是（）。
A．可迫使开发人员采用规范的方法
B．严格的规定了每个阶段必须提交的文档
C．要求每个阶段交出的所有产品都必须经过质量保证小组的仔细验证
D．支持后期的变动
2．软件生命周期一般都被划分为若干个独立的阶段，其中占用精力和费用最多的阶段往往是（）。
A．运行和维护阶段 B. 设计阶段
C．代码实现阶段 D. 测试阶段
3. 软件是计算机系统中与硬件相互依存的部分，它是包括（A）、（B）及（C）的完整集合。
其中，（A）是按事先设计的功能和性能要求执行的指令序列，（B）是使程序能够正确操纵信息的数据结构，（C）是与程序开发、维护和使用有关的图文资料。
A，B，C：①软件②程序③代码④硬件
⑤文档⑥外设⑦数据⑧图表
填入答案（A：B：C：）
四．简述题（每个小题5分，共X 分）
// 1．名词解释。
2．某个开发模型的含义及特点。
3．列出你所知道的模块间的各种耦合关系
4．说明软件测试过程的主要步骤及含义。
5．提出某种观点，请予以评价并说明理由。
五．综合应用题（共X 分）
1．根据给定的文字命题，画出UML分析图以及回答问题。
2．测试方面的题目
（提出实际命题，要求给出测试用例）。
（基本概念，或单元测试，或集成测试概念等）。
// 3. 高级语言程序设计的基本技术用以实现软件工程的某个概念。
// 4．OO的基本设计方法和技巧等。