情态动词-have-done的用法
情态动词have_done
情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一，现将其用法总结归纳如下：一、must+have+done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句.1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。
1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
2.Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。
1.There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？四、could+have+done’是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做.He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能通过考试，但他太粗心五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。
情态动词+have done的用法
这种情况多用于否定句和疑问句 中，表示对过去某事情发生的可 能性的否定或质疑，意为“不可 能/会---的”和“可能/会---的 吗？” Eg: 他不可能学过日语，因为他 一句也不会说。 He can’t have studied Japanese because he can’t say a word.
May/might +have done
测。 Eg:她那时可能是迷路了。要知 道，这是她第一次去那儿。 She may have lost her way.You know, it was her first time to get there.
Must + have done
用于肯定句中，表示对过去事情 的肯定推测，意思是想必，一定， 准是--这位老兵在二战期间一定受了很 多苦。 e.g. The old soldier must have suffered a lot during the Second World War.
Need (not) +have done
这种结构只用于否定句，表示做 了不必要做的事情，意思是本可 不必 你本可以不必把这份报告重写一 遍的. e.g. You needn’t have rewritten the report again.
Should/ought to+have+p.p
用在肯定句中，表示过去应该做 （或值得做）而没有做的事情。 Eg:我本应该在期末考试的时候 好好准备的,但是我去旅行了. I should have prepared for the final exams,but I went to travel.
情态动词加have done的用法
四、 “may+have+done”
• 表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可 能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 • • • • —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？ ——我不知道，他可能迷路了。
一、 “must+have+done”
• 表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定 做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 • 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面 还是湿的。
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。
八、 “should+have+done”
• 意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn‘t+have+done”表示本来不应该做某 事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 • • 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这 项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 • 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他 如此严厉。
九、 “ought to+have+done”
• 表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成 “理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与 “should+have+done”用法基本一样。
情态动词+have done的构成及用法含译文
情态动词+have done的构成及用法含译文1.情态动词+have done的构成may/might have done可能已经发生了某事could have done本能够做某事can't/couldn’t have done不可能已经发生了某事must have done一定已经发生了某事would have done本来会做某事should/ought to have done本应该做某事但没有做shouldn't/oughtn't to have done本不应该做某事但做了need have done本需要做某事但没有做needn't have done 本不需要做某事但做了2.情态动词+have done的用法情态动词+have done的用法主要包括两个方面：一.表示对过去所发生事情的推测或假设；二.表示对过去所发生事情的责备或遗憾。
①may/might have done可能已经发生了某事。
对过去所发生动作的不太肯定的推测。
用于肯定句中，may和might意思相同，但might 可能性更小，多用于虚拟语气中。
By expressing love for his children in such a special way, Tolkien may indeed have been the real Father Christmas. 通过这种特别的方式表达对孩子们的爱，托尔金可能真的是真正的圣诞老人。
（新外研版必修二）You can check his office. He might have been there already. 你可以去他的办公室看看。
他可能已经到那儿了。
If he had been given more encouragement, he might have made greater progress. 如果给他更多的鼓励，他可能会取得更大的进步。
情态动词 + have done
情态动词+have done一、在虚拟语气中的用法1. should have done表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。
shouldn't have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。
”2. ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。
”oughtn't to have done表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。
”3. need have done表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做。
”needn't have done表示“过去本没必要做某事却做了。
”4. could (不能用can) have done 表示“过去本能够做某事却未做。
”couldn't have done只能表推测，相当于can't have done，意为：“过去不可能做了某事。
”二、表推测的用法1. must have done / can(could) not have done表示对过去某事的肯定和否定猜测。
must do / can’t do表示对现在某事的肯定和否定猜测。
译为：过去肯定做了某事。
不存在mustn't have done 的形式。
其否定或疑问形式须用can(could) 来表示. 例如：Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
He can't have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。
我（当时）给他画了张图。
“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?” 词典不见了，（过去）谁可能把它拿走了？2. may / might have done / may/might not have done表示“过去可能做了某事/过去可能没有做某事”。
【VIP专享】情态动词+have-done的用法
一,“must+have+done”
表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做 过某事”，该结构只用肯于定_____句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
• I needn‘t have bought so much wine—only five people came.
•我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
• He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train.
2.You must have been mad to speak to the servant.
你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。
二,“can't+have+done”
• 表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可 能做过某事”。
• 1. Mr. Smith can‘t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
• 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。
十、“need+have+done”
• 表示本来需要做某事而没有做。 “needn‘t+have+done”则表示“本来不需 要做某事而做了”。
• 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday.
情态动词+have-done用法
情态动词＋have done (have been doing )一、教学目标情态动词＋have done (have been doing ) 的用法二、生成问题情态动词+have done (have been doing ) 的用法有哪些1、should(ought to)＋have done (have been doing )表示“本来应该做而实际上没做”，其否定式表示“本来不该做却做了”，常含有责备的语气。
You should have been here five minutes ago.五分钟之前你就应该到这里了。
How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied.我多么懊悔我本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。
We shouldn’t have been resting so long.我们真不该休息这么长时间。
2、《3、could＋have done表示“本来有能力做而实际上没有做”。
—We could have walked to the station, it was so near.这么近，我们完全能走着来车站。
—Yes. A taxi was not at all necessary.是呀，根本不必搭车的。
I could have won if I hadn’t fallen over.要不是摔倒，我准能赢。
3、needn’t＋have done表示“本来不必做的事，实际上做过了”。
I got up early, but needn’t have done so, because I had nothing to do that morning.那天早上我起得很早，可我根本不必起这么早，因为我无事可做。
You needn’t have written such a long article. The teacher only asked for 300 words, and you have written 600 words.你没有必要写这么长的文章，老师只要求写300字，你写了600字。
情态动词+have done用法讲解
1. would have done用于虚拟语气，表示对过去可能发生的情 况进行推测，意为“本来会做” He would have helped me, but he was so busy. 2. need have done 表示“本来需要做某事，但事实上没有做” needn’t have done 则表示“本来不需要做某事，而实际上做了 We need have hurried to school. In that case, we wouldn’t have been late for the class. I needn’t have cooked so many cakes; only two children came.
3. should have done 表示“本来应该做某事，二十几上没有做” shouldn’t have done 则表示“本来不应该做某事，而实际上做 了”，含有职责对法或自责之意。 The essay should have been finished last week, but I forgot it. Tom is crying ; I shouldn’t have been so harsh on him. 4. might have done 表示使对过去情况把握性不大的推测，意为 “可能坐过…”或表示说话人因某人没做某事而不满，意为 “本应该做…” He might have won the race, if you had been backing him. 5. must have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定做过 某事”，该结构只用于肯定句 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
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“情态动词+have done”的用法“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。
现就这一语言现象作如下归纳：1．should (ought to) have＋过去分词表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up. （04’广西卷）A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving[解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。
故答案选[A]。
2．needn’t have＋过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。
As you worked late yesterday, you_________ h ave come this morning. (06’陕西卷) A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t[解析] He needn't have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选[D]。
[注意] He didn't need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。
3．must have＋过去分词用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。
[注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。
I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere . （05’北京春季）A. must dropB. must have droppedC. must be droppingD. must have been dropped[解析]本题应选B。
本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。
I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05’天津卷）A. shouldn'tB. couldn'tC. mustn'tD. needn't[解析]从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。
故本题选[b] 。
4．may／might have＋过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能／大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。
We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (06’天津卷)A. needn’tB. may notC. shouldn’tD. mustn’t Key:[b]5．can／could have＋过去分词表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能／也许已做了某事吗？”。
--- I stayed at a hotel while in New York .--- Oh, did you? You ＿＿＿＿with Barbara．(NMET’98)A. could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stayed Key: [A]巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。
1．---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at a ll.A. couldn’t have waitedB. needn’t haveC. didn’t need toD. should wait2．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. couldB. mightC. shouldD. must3．---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight ?”---“I’m sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”A. will have goneB. had goneC. would have goneD. has gone4．---Tom took away our teacher’s cell phone without being permitted.--- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a th ing.A. mustB. mayC. canD. should5．--- Was it you that made the suggestion?--- It have been. I can’t remember.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. may6．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .A. should have takenB. could have takenC. needn't have takenD. mustn't have taken7．He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need8．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting .A. mustn’t have spokenB. mightn’t have spokenC. can’t have spokenD. shouldn’t have spoken9．--- Hi, is that Peter Brown?---Sorry. You ______ the wrong number .A. must dialB. must have dialedC. should dialD. should have dialed10．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour .A. should have been doingB. must have been doingC. could have doneD. would have doneKeys for reference：1---5 CAADD 6---10 CACBB高考“情态动词＋have done”考点解析“情态动词＋have done”结构是高考重要考点，也是较难掌握的语法项目之一，为了帮助同学们更好地掌握使用这一考点，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。
考点之一：在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句中用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，即：would/ could/ should/ might have done。
例如：If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager.If you had worked hard, you could have passed the examination.高考题分析：1. If it ___ for the snow, we ___ the mountain yesterday. ( MET91)A. were not; could have climbedB. were not; couldC. had not been; could have climbedD. had not been; could climb2. --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. --- Oh, did you? You ___ with Barbara. (NMET98)A. could have stayB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stay3. Yesterday Jane walked away for discussion, otherwise, she ___ something she would regret later.( 96上海)A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said答案简析：1. 根据信息词yesterday可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中应该用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，故答案选C。
2. 本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：If you hadn’t stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara. 表达了与过去事实相反的情况，答案选A。
3. 本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。
表达了与过去事实相反的情况，故答案选D。
考点之二：must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强，意思是“一定……、肯定……”。
其否定形式分别用can’t/ couldn’t和can/ could。
例如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今晨地面是潮湿的。