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生物工程专业英语ppt课件
近年来，这些生产过程更依赖于先进的技 术，其与世界经济的贡献也与日俱增，远 远大于初期阶段的作用。
acetic 【 ə‘sitɪk 】酸的，醋酸的
acetic acid 乙酸
butanol 【 ‘bjutə,nol 】丁醇
acetone【 ‘æsə,ton 】丙酮 contaminate【 kən‘tæmə,net 】污染、毒害
我们无法确定这些微生物生产过程的出现是源于 偶然还是主观实验，但其进一步不断发展的早期 实例证明了人类能够利用微生物的生命活动来满 足自己的需要。
reliant 【 rɪ‘laɪənt 】依赖、依靠 proportion 【 prə‘porʃən 】比例、比率
humble 【‘hʌmb! 】低下的、卑微的 origin【‘ɔrədʒɪn】起源
其他的微生物过程，如奶酪和酸奶等发酵 乳制品的生产，以及酱油和豆豉等各种东 方食品的生产，都同样有悠久的历史。
Of more rencent introduction is mushroom cultivation which probably dates back many hundreds of years for Japanese shii-ta-ke cultivation and about 300 years for the Agaricus mushroom now widely cultivated throughout the temperate world.
formulate 【‘fɔ:mjuleit 】确切地阐述，
用公式表示
Anton van Leeuwenhoek安东尼·列文虎
克，荷兰博物学家，显微镜创造者
The recognition that these processes were being affected by living organisms, yeasts, was not formulated until the 17th century, by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
acetic 【 ə‘sitɪk 】酸的，醋酸的
acetic acid 乙酸
butanol 【 ‘bjutə,nol 】丁醇
acetone【 ‘æsə,ton 】丙酮 contaminate【 kən‘tæmə,net 】污染、毒害
我们无法确定这些微生物生产过程的出现是源于 偶然还是主观实验，但其进一步不断发展的早期 实例证明了人类能够利用微生物的生命活动来满 足自己的需要。
reliant 【 rɪ‘laɪənt 】依赖、依靠 proportion 【 prə‘porʃən 】比例、比率
humble 【‘hʌmb! 】低下的、卑微的 origin【‘ɔrədʒɪn】起源
其他的微生物过程，如奶酪和酸奶等发酵 乳制品的生产，以及酱油和豆豉等各种东 方食品的生产，都同样有悠久的历史。
Of more rencent introduction is mushroom cultivation which probably dates back many hundreds of years for Japanese shii-ta-ke cultivation and about 300 years for the Agaricus mushroom now widely cultivated throughout the temperate world.
formulate 【‘fɔ:mjuleit 】确切地阐述，
用公式表示
Anton van Leeuwenhoek安东尼·列文虎
克，荷兰博物学家，显微镜创造者
The recognition that these processes were being affected by living organisms, yeasts, was not formulated until the 17th century, by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
生物专业英语(共62张PPT)
energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products.
光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。
第一步，称光反应，水分子裂解 (被氧化)，释放氧气，并形成ATP和 NADPH（还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸）。
此反应必须在存在光能的条件下进行。
2022/9/25
9
Introduction
光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞、藻类、某些原生生 物和细菌之中。
总体来说，这是一个将光能转化成化学能的过程，其能量以分子 键形式贮存。
从化学和能量学角度来看，它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应。
但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能，释放能量的过程，而光合作用需 要能量, 并且是高度吸能的过程。
在光合作用的光反应中，当捕光分子回到基态时，额外的激发能 被转移到其它分子中并且以化学能的形式贮存。
•All photosynthetic organisms contain various classes of
chlorophylls and one or more carotenoid pigments that also contribute to photosynthesis.
captured by biological molecules to do constructive work.
生物分子能捕获可见光谱中光子的能量。
The pigment chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs photons within a particular absorption spectrum—a statement of the amount of light absorbed by chlorophyll at different wavelengths.
光合作用以二氧化碳和水为原材料并经历两步化学反应。
第一步，称光反应，水分子裂解 (被氧化)，释放氧气，并形成ATP和 NADPH（还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸）。
此反应必须在存在光能的条件下进行。
2022/9/25
9
Introduction
光合作用只发生在含有叶绿素的绿色植物细胞、藻类、某些原生生 物和细菌之中。
总体来说，这是一个将光能转化成化学能的过程，其能量以分子 键形式贮存。
从化学和能量学角度来看，它是细胞呼吸作用的逆反应。
但是细胞呼吸作用是高度放能，释放能量的过程，而光合作用需 要能量, 并且是高度吸能的过程。
在光合作用的光反应中，当捕光分子回到基态时，额外的激发能 被转移到其它分子中并且以化学能的形式贮存。
•All photosynthetic organisms contain various classes of
chlorophylls and one or more carotenoid pigments that also contribute to photosynthesis.
captured by biological molecules to do constructive work.
生物分子能捕获可见光谱中光子的能量。
The pigment chlorophyll in plant cells absorbs photons within a particular absorption spectrum—a statement of the amount of light absorbed by chlorophyll at different wavelengths.
生物专业英语PPT
The genomic formula of the alien chromosomes in TE253 was 2 St + 8 J S + 2 J + 2 J-St.
The problem which haven't solved
We are presently developing chromosome addition and substitution(替换) lines to identify(确认) the chromosome location of the powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance(抗性) genes.
The problem need to be solve
In this study, we determined the genomic composition of a partial amphiploid TE253 by GISH probed with St genomic DNA from Ps. strigosa and evaluated its resistance to both powdery mildew and stripe rust as well. 我们通过基因组原位杂交探测从Ps. Strigosa到St基 因组确定了局部TE253基因的组成，并且还评估了 对白粉病和条锈病的抗性。
The method of the study
Cytogenetic Analyses(细胞遗传学分析）
其基本原理是用不同荧光物质分别标记病变细胞DNA 和正常细胞然后与正常中期细胞染色体杂交。 荧光原位杂交技术 用荧光物质标记特异性DNA探针，与中期细胞染色体 或间期细胞核杂交，鉴别和确定出生缺陷、肿瘤细胞 染色体异常，分辨率可达50~500kb。
生物-专业英语作业纯英文献ppt
Result
A CRISPR–Cas9 mutagenesis construct was designed to simultaneously generate knockout mutants in both AtDMP8 and AtDMP9 (Fig. a).
Homozygous dmp8, dmp9 and dmp8dmp9 mutants were selfpollinated and seed sets were examined. The seed set was reduced slightly in dmp8 (95.6%; average: 45.3 seeds per silique), even more so in dmp9 (70.9%; average: 32.2 seeds per silique) and even further in dmp8dmp9 (48.4%; average: 21.4 seeds per silique) (Fig. c,d)
These data confirm previously reported defects in the seed set and during development, and the proposed roles for AtDMP8 and AtDMP9 in fertilization.
Content
1 Summary 2 Background 3 Results 4 Discussion
Summary
Summary
➢ ZmPLA1/MTL/NLD is conserved in monocots and has been used to extend the system from maize to other monocots, but no functional orthologue has been identified in dicots, while ZmDMP-like genes exist in both monocots and dicots.
《生物专业英语》PPT课件
gene [dʒi:n] 基因
A unit of heredity located on a chromosome and composed a sequence of DNA nucleotides.
heredity [hə‘redɪti:] 遗传 nucleotide ['nu:kli:ə,taɪd] 核苷酸
dihybrid cross [dai‘haibrid]双因子杂种杂交
A cross between individuals that differ with respect to two specified gene pairs.
differ with 与...不一致 specified 指定的 respect 关系
particular 特殊的, 特别的 allelic 等位基因的
homozygous [,hɔmə'zaiɡəus] 纯合的
A diploid organism that has two identical alleles for particular characteristic.
identical 同一的, 同样的
incomplete dominance [, inkəm'pli:t 'dɔmənəns] 不完全显性
The condition in which two allelic genes have a different effect when
they are together as a heterozygote in a diploid cell than either of
germ plasm theory 种质学说
A substance thought to be transmitted in the gametes (germ cells) in an unchanged form from generation to generation. The germ plasm was believed to be unaffected by the environment and to give rise to the body cells.
生物专业英语ppt讲解材料
Review Articles
These articles synthesize and evaluate research on a particular topic, providing an overview of the current state of knowledge.
Technical Reports
01
introduction
Purpose and background
Purpose
To provide a comprehensive overview of the field of biology, focusing on key concepts, principles, and applications.
Sentence structure and expression
Active Voice
Using active voice, especially in scientific writing, makes sentences more direct and easier to understand.
The study of heredity and the variation of traits within and between species.
Evolutionary Biology
Ecology
Biotechnology
The study of the origin and development of species through natural selection and other mechanisms.
These are written to communicate technical information in a clear and concise manner, often including tables, figures, and appendices.
生物专业英语BIOLOGICALENGLISH课件
半桶； 大脑半球； 半透明； 半等位基因； 半导体；
19）holo 全，整体，完全
holoenzyme holoprotein holocrine
全酶； 全蛋白； 全（质分）泌；
18
20）mega 巨大，兆，百万
megaspore megabasse megakaryocyte megavolt megalopolitan
庚烷； 庚糖； 七珠蛋白；
8）oct
octpus octagon octane octase
八
章鱼； 八角形； 辛烷； 辛糖；
13
9）enne, nona
nonapeptide enneahedron
九
九肽； 九面体；
10）deca, deka
decapod decahedron decagram
上，高，超
超导体； 超流体； 超氧化物； 超分子的；
9）hyper 超过，过多
hypersensitive hyperelastic hypertension hyperploid
过敏的； 超弹性的； 高血压； 超倍体；
30
10）hypo 下，低，次
hypoglycaemia hypotension hypophysis
低血糖； 低血压； 脑下垂体；
11）iso 等，相同，同
iso-osmotic isopod isotope
等渗的； 等足目动物； 同位素；
31
12）oligo，olig
oligohaline oligogene oligomer oligophagous oligarchy
少，低，寡，狭
狭盐性； 寡基因； 寡聚体； 寡食性； 寡头政治；
生物专业英语BIOLOGICALENGLISH课件
科学研究交流的语言技巧
科学写作技巧，科学写作中的语法和句法要求，科学语言的准确性，以及展示科研成果的技巧。
科学文献综述
了解科学论文的结构，深入理解和分析科学文献的方法，以及在科学数据库中获取信息的技巧。
科学演示与学术会议
准备科学演示，有效的传递科学研究成果的交流技巧，以及参加学术会议的注意事项。
生物研究中的道德考量
了解在进行生物研究时的道德考虑因素，生物研究的相关规定和指导方针，以及生物研究中的道德困境 案例。
生物研究中的跨文化交流
了解生物研究中的跨文化交流，有效跨文化交流的技巧，以及建立高效全球 合作的方法。
总结与未来展望
总结所涉及的关键概念，探讨生物英语在生物学领域未来的发展方向。
生物专业英语 BIOLOGICALENGLISH了解生物学领域的英语表达。 掌握基本科学词汇、科研交流技巧等内容，让你的研究更加精确、清晰和国 际化。
介绍生物英语
生物英语是什么？为什么学习生物英语很重要？生物英语的基本科学词汇。
生物术语的重要性
了解准确使用生物学术语的重要性，常用术语及其含义，以及错误使用术语可能导致的误解。
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4
Professional Words and Phrases
(Continued)
classification [klæsifi'keiʃən] n. 分类，类别
biochemistry ['baiəu'kemistri] n. 生物化学
molecular biology 分子生物学
molecular level 分子水平
Chapter 1 Biology
1.1 What is Biology? 1.2 The Origin of Life 1.3 The Significance of Biology in Your Life 1.4 The History of Biology– Additional Reading
microorganism [maikrəu'ɔ:gənizəm] n. 微生物
well-being ['wel'bi:iŋ] n. 健康，福利
agriculture ['ægrikʌltʃə] n. 农业
livestock ['laivstɔk] n. 家畜，牲畜
ecology [i:‘kɔlədʒi] n. 生态学
1
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1.1 What is Biology?
Biology is the study of life. Alongside physics and chemistry, biology is one of the largest and most important branches of science. At the highest level, biology is broken down based on the type of organism being studied: zoology, the study of animals; botany, of plants; and microbiology, of microorganisms. Each field has contributed to mankind or the Earth’s wellbeing in numerous ways. Most prominently: botany, to agriculture; zoology, to livestock and protection of ecologies; and microbiology, to the study of disease and ecosystems in general.
cellular biology 细胞生物学
physiology [fizi'ɔlədʒi] n. 生理学
tissue ['tisju:] n.（生物的）组织
organ ['ɔ:gən] n.（生物的）器官
interaction [intə'rækʃən] n. 相互关系，相互作用
ethology [i:'θɔlədʒi] n. 动物行为学
genetics [dʒi'netiks] n. 遗传学
overlap ['əuvə'læp] n. 重叠，重复
code [kəud] n. 密码，法则
5
1.1 What is Biology? (Continued)
• The foundations of modern biology include four components: cell theory; that life is made of fundamental units called cells; evolution, that life is not deliberately designed by rather evolves incrementally through random mutations and natural selection; gene theory, that tiny molecular sequences of DNA dictate the entire structure of an organism and are passed from parents to offspring; and homeostasis, that each organism’s body includes a complex suite of processes designed to preserve its biochemistry from the entropic effects of the external environment.
disease [di'zi:z] n. 疾病
ecosystem ['ekəusistəm] n. 生态系统
3
1.1 What is Biology? (Continued)
• Besides classifications based on the category of organism being studied, biology contains many other specialized sub-disciplines, which may focus on just one category of organism or address organisms from different categories. This includes biochemistry, the interface between biology and chemistry; molecular biology, which looks at life on the molecular level; cellular biology, which studies different types of cells and how they work; physiology, which looks at organisms at the level of tissues and organs; ecology, which studies the interactions between organisms themselves; ethology, which studies the behavior of animals, especially complex animals; and genetics, overlapping with molecular biology, which studies the code of life, DNA.
2
Professional Words and Phrases
biology [bai'ɔlədʒi] n. 生物学
organism ['ɔ:gənizəm] n. 生物体
zoology [zəu'ɔlədʒi] n. 动物学
botany ['bɔtəni] n. 植物学
microbiology [maikrəubai'ɔlədʒi] n. 微生物学
Professional Words and Phrases
(Continued)
classification [klæsifi'keiʃən] n. 分类，类别
biochemistry ['baiəu'kemistri] n. 生物化学
molecular biology 分子生物学
molecular level 分子水平
Chapter 1 Biology
1.1 What is Biology? 1.2 The Origin of Life 1.3 The Significance of Biology in Your Life 1.4 The History of Biology– Additional Reading
microorganism [maikrəu'ɔ:gənizəm] n. 微生物
well-being ['wel'bi:iŋ] n. 健康，福利
agriculture ['ægrikʌltʃə] n. 农业
livestock ['laivstɔk] n. 家畜，牲畜
ecology [i:‘kɔlədʒi] n. 生态学
1
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1.1 What is Biology?
Biology is the study of life. Alongside physics and chemistry, biology is one of the largest and most important branches of science. At the highest level, biology is broken down based on the type of organism being studied: zoology, the study of animals; botany, of plants; and microbiology, of microorganisms. Each field has contributed to mankind or the Earth’s wellbeing in numerous ways. Most prominently: botany, to agriculture; zoology, to livestock and protection of ecologies; and microbiology, to the study of disease and ecosystems in general.
cellular biology 细胞生物学
physiology [fizi'ɔlədʒi] n. 生理学
tissue ['tisju:] n.（生物的）组织
organ ['ɔ:gən] n.（生物的）器官
interaction [intə'rækʃən] n. 相互关系，相互作用
ethology [i:'θɔlədʒi] n. 动物行为学
genetics [dʒi'netiks] n. 遗传学
overlap ['əuvə'læp] n. 重叠，重复
code [kəud] n. 密码，法则
5
1.1 What is Biology? (Continued)
• The foundations of modern biology include four components: cell theory; that life is made of fundamental units called cells; evolution, that life is not deliberately designed by rather evolves incrementally through random mutations and natural selection; gene theory, that tiny molecular sequences of DNA dictate the entire structure of an organism and are passed from parents to offspring; and homeostasis, that each organism’s body includes a complex suite of processes designed to preserve its biochemistry from the entropic effects of the external environment.
disease [di'zi:z] n. 疾病
ecosystem ['ekəusistəm] n. 生态系统
3
1.1 What is Biology? (Continued)
• Besides classifications based on the category of organism being studied, biology contains many other specialized sub-disciplines, which may focus on just one category of organism or address organisms from different categories. This includes biochemistry, the interface between biology and chemistry; molecular biology, which looks at life on the molecular level; cellular biology, which studies different types of cells and how they work; physiology, which looks at organisms at the level of tissues and organs; ecology, which studies the interactions between organisms themselves; ethology, which studies the behavior of animals, especially complex animals; and genetics, overlapping with molecular biology, which studies the code of life, DNA.
2
Professional Words and Phrases
biology [bai'ɔlədʒi] n. 生物学
organism ['ɔ:gənizəm] n. 生物体
zoology [zəu'ɔlədʒi] n. 动物学
botany ['bɔtəni] n. 植物学
microbiology [maikrəubai'ɔlədʒi] n. 微生物学