第三讲讲义教案

2013年一月MBA/MPA/MPAcc联考英语第三讲主讲人：徐剑平经典词根：--ceive-: receive, conceive构思，设想—concept; deceive; perceive觉察--claim: claim; acclaim; exclaim呼喊; exclamation; proclaim宣布，公布;reclaim回收--clu-: exclude, exclusive; include, inclusive, preclude阻止-dict: addict; contradict; indicate, dictate口述，命令; predict; verdict裁决--fect: affection喜爱，情感; defect; effect; effective; infect; infectious，inject--fer: offer; infer; confer; prefer; refer; transfer--ficient: sufficient; deficient; deficit; proficient熟练的-fine: define; confine; refine提炼，改善，--form: form; conform; deform变形; inform; platform; reform; transform; format格式，安排; formation; formula--gene: gene; genetic; genius; genuine; ingenuous天真无邪的，朴实的（ingenious）; homogeneous 同性质的，同类的--here: adhere to=insist on=persist in; coherent; inherent--ject: eject驱逐; inject; object—objective—objection; subject—subjective--labor: labor; collaborate; elaborate 详尽说明--mit: emit; submit; commit; transmit; omit; summit--name: namely; nickname; nominal名义上的; nominate; surname=family nameObs-: obstacle; obstinate顽固的; obstruct阻碍-obstruction--opt: adopt; opt—option—optionalOut-:outbreak爆发; outcome; outlook; output; outskirts郊外、downtownOver-: overall; overcome; overflow溢出，洋溢; overhaul检修，彻底检查; overlook; overnight; overseas; overtake追上; overtime; overturn; overview总的看法; overwhelm淹没，压倒-part: part; partial; impartial; participate—participation—participant; apartment; department;compartment隔间-ply: apply—application-applicant-appliance; comply; imply—implication--press: depress; express; impress; oppress; repression; suppress--quire: inquire; require; acquire;--pri: prior—priority; privilege--rupt: abrupt; bankcrupt-bankcruptcy; corrupt; interrupt--scend: ascent; descendant; descent; transcend超越--scribe: inscribe题写，镌刻; describe; prescribe; subscribe签署，订阅--set: setback; setting; asset; outset; upset--sign: sign; signal; signature; assign; assignment; resign--resignation; design--sol-: sole; solemn庄严的; solitary独自的; sole; console; isolate; obsolete废弃的--sol: solve-solution; absolute; dissolve; resovle-resolute—resolution--spect: aspect; respect; respectable; respectful; respective; irrespective; perspective; prospect; prospective; retrospect; suspect; suspicious—suspicion;--spir: spirit; inspiration; perspiration; aspiration; expire期满--stand: outstanding; standard; standpoint; withstand承受--stitute: constitute; institute机构; substitute--sume: assume—assumption; presume; resume--sym: symbol; sympathy, synonym; symphony交响乐; symptom; syndrome--sure: assure; assurance保证，担保; ensure; insure; insurance--tain: attain; detain扣留; ertertain; retain保持; sustain-timate: estimate; overestimate; underestimate; intimate; ultimate-tract: abstract; contract; attract; distract; extract提取--tinct: distinct-distinction; distinguish; extinct; instinct--verse/vert: adverse; avert防止; convert; conversion; conversely; diverse; diversion; divert转移; controversial-controversy;--vise: advise; advisable; vision—visible—invisible; revise; supervise--vive-: revive; survive; vivid--vol-: evolve—evolution; involve; revolve旋转; revolution; revolt背叛--ward: award; reward; awkward; backward常用的动词同义词归纳1．表示“导致”意思的词语：Lead to, give rise to, give birth to, contribute to, cause to, result in, result from,2．表示“面对、偶遇”意思的词语：Confront, be confronted with, face, be faced with, meet with, encounter,3．表示“集中于”意思的词语：Center on, focus on, concentrate on4．表示“对付、处理”意思的词语：Deal with, cope with, handle, tackle5．表示“消失”意思的词语：Disappear, vanish, perish6．表示“减少、增加”意思的词语：Diminish, lessen, decrease, drop, reduce, fall, /accumulate, increase, rise, soar, rocket7．表示“依靠、依赖”意思的词语：Rely on(upon), depend on(upon), count on(upon), rest on(upon)8．表示“变化”意思的词语：Change, turn, vary/range, alter, transform, shift,9．表示“指控”意思的词语：Charge with, accuse of, sue for10．表示“克服、战胜”意思的词语：Overcome, conquer, defeat,11．表示“获得、得到”意思的词语：Achieve, obtain, get, accomplish, earn, secure, acquire, gain 12．表示“抓住”意思的词语：Catch, seize, capture, catch hold of, grab13．表示“限制”意思的词语：Limit, confine, restrict14．表示“强迫”意思的词语：compel, constrain, force, oblige15．表示“责怪”意思的词语：blame, condemn, reproach, scold16．表示“困惑、迷惑”意思的词语：bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex17．表示“赞扬、称赞”意思的词语：applaud, clap, commend, praise18．表示“扩大、加强”意思的词语：amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand 19．表示“声称”意思的词语：affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim20．表示“调整、改变”意思的词语：adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary。

1. A_________ gain or profit is the actual gain after all working expenses have been paid.A. grossB. netC. positiveD. negative2. A better working environment improves people's performance, and _________ productivity.A. furthermoreB. henceC. moreoverD. even3. A completely new situation will ________ when the examination system comes into exist-ence.A. riseB. ariseC. raiseD. arouse4. A cork will ________ in water, but a stone sinks.A. flyB. flowC. floatD. drift5. A dark suit is preferable _________a light one for evening wear.A. toB. thanC. forD. against6. A deputy director will be _________the whole factory next week when the director is away fora month.A. in favor ofB. in charge ofC. in place ofD. on behalf of7. A few minutes after the plane had taken off, it _________to the ground,A. crashedB. crushedC. dashedD. flashed8. A friendship may be _________, casual, situational or deep and lasting.A. identicalB. originalC. superficialD. critical9. A good newspaper publishes both __________ and foreign news.A. currentB. latestC. recentD. domestic10. A good teacher must know how to _________ his ideas.A. conveyB. displayC. consultD. confrontTest Two1. A good way to ________ a language is to live in the native culture with the native speakers.A. requireB. acquire eC. inquireD. sustain2. A great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the _________ of becoming white collar workers.A. privilegeB. advantageC. profitD. preference3. A hush fell over the guests who had _________ for the wedding celebration.A. assembledB. participatedC. attendedD. summoned4. A Korean manufacturer has _________ us a price ten percent lower than yours.A. referredB. offeredC. gaveD. told5. A landing on Mars is within the _________ of current physical theory.A. dimensionB. volumeC. magnitudeD. scope6. A Love marriage, however, does not necessarily _________much sharing of interests and responsibilities.A. take overB. result inC. holds onD. keep to7. A man has to make ________ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old.A. supplyB. assuranceC. provisionD. adjustment8. A neat letter improves your chances of a favorable_________ .A. circumstanceB. requestC. receptionD. response9. A police officer was sent to ________ the crime.A. marchB. investigateC. surveyD. explore10. A product is to be considered as being __________, when introduced into the commerce of another country at less than its normal value.A. dischargedB. discardedC. disposedD. dumpedTest 31. A promotion of a country 's international trade position is associated with _________ of its currency.A. appreciationB. boomC. spiralD. prosperity2, A minor is going _________ the school that we will have three days off for this week.A. byB. aheadC. roundD. down3. A small child has to learn to keep its __________ before it can walk far.A. weightB. scaleC. balanceD. stability4. A standard test is supposed to be _________ because the marking is not affected by individual preferences.A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. transparentD. influential5. A student sticking closely to the _________of the school is often praised by teachers.A.ordersB. regulationsC. principlesD. interests6. A week after her husband died, Mary broke ________ completely and had to go into hospital.A. upB. inC. downD. oat7. A wooden bridge is not strong enough to _________a railway train.A. retainB. supportC. maintainD. obtain8. A year ago the firm had a _________ loss of 4.3 million dollars or 20 cents a share after all necessary deduction.A. totalB. grossC. netD. clear9. Able placed too much _________ on sports mad not enough on his studies.A. importanceB. emphasisC. interestD. worth10. According to Nobel’s famous will, the interest on his fund will be _________ to five people who have made great contributions to mankind daring the previous year.A. contributedB. devotedC. distributedD. allocated课外阅读： Passage 1Indian cinema has often suffered the derision(嘲弄) of film critics and rightly so.But as Subhash Ghai, a prominent producer-director has pointed out, “Cinema mirrors society… India is rooted in tradition… and cinema reflects our family values”, though in a highly dramatized form. He adds, “Today I can sit in my drawing room and talk big, but the millions who go to the movies will reject what I am saying unless I keep them in mind.” In other words, there are inherent (内在的) limitations in making good and realistic cinema in Indian. This view is, however, challenged by some.According to Ravi Gupta, Managing Director of the National Film Development Corporation which prides itself on making good quality films, “It is a media-created myth that parallel(to Hollywood masala films) cinema is dead.In fact,art films are more viable(能生存的) than commercial films.”Be that as it may, one thing is for certain.Hindi films have probably done more for India’s national integration (一体化) than any other medium. Hindi films and film songs are watched and hummed all over the country, not with st anding the country’s linguistic plurality (多数). Hindi, which is India’s national language but is not spoken and understood in all parts of India, has made its impact through the medium.Another positive aspect is that Indian cinema is the most all embracing,nonreligious part of India’s fractured social landscape. For instance, out of the six top actors listed by the newspaper,the Times of India,three are Muslims:Shah Rukh Knhan, Aamir Khan and Salman Kan. Therefore, despite all its acts of omission and commission, Indian cinema, in some ways, is a progressive phenomenon.核心词汇1.critic n.批评家，评论家【巧记】critical a.批评的，批判的‖criticize v.批评，批判‖criticism n.批评，批判【搭配】be critical to 对……挑剔‖be critical of 苛求2.prominent a.凸起的，显著的，杰出的【巧记】prominently ad.突出地3.dramatize vt.改编成剧本【巧记】drama n.剧本，戏剧‖dramatic a.戏剧性的，巨大的4.reject vt.拒绝接受，抵制【巧记】rejection n.拒绝，抵制，驳回5.limitation n.限制，局限性6.parallel a.平行的，相似的n.平行线vt.与……平行【搭配】in a parallel with 和……平行mercial a.商业的，商务的n.商业广告8.linguistic a.语言的【巧记】linguistically ad.语言上9.fracture n.骨折，破裂，裂缝10.omission n.省略，删除11.reflect v. 反映，显示，反射，深思，反省【巧记】reflection n. 倒影，反映，表达，非议，批评，深思，考虑12.realistic a. 现实的，实际可行的，现实主义的，逼真的13.medium a. 中等的【巧记】medium a. 中等的，适中的‖medium n. 媒介物，传导体，新闻媒介，传播媒介，手段，工具【搭配】by/through the medium of 以……为媒介，通过核心词组be rooted in 根植于……in addition 另外keep…in mind 记住Passage 2Long after the 1998 Would Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decision than denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour,divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.Observers noted down the referees errors,of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes,each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.If FIFA,football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next Would Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.核心词汇1.curse v.咒骂，诅咒n.咒骂，咒语；祸害2.dispute vt.争论3.deny v.否认，拒绝【巧记】denial n.否定，拒绝承认，克制【搭配】deny doing 否认做……‖There is no denying ……不容否认4.appoint vt.任命，委派，约定，指定【巧记】appointive a.委任的‖appointer n.指定人‖appointment n.约会，约定，任命，委派5.performance n.履行，完成，演出，表演【巧记】perform v.履行，完成，表演‖performer n.演奏者6.involve vt.使卷入，使参与，牵涉，包含【巧记】involvement n.卷入，牵连【搭配】involve in 与……相关，牵涉到……7.period n.一段时间，时间，课时，期间【巧记】periodic a.同期的，定时的‖periodical n.期刊，杂志‖periodically ad.周期地，定期地8.charge vt.装满，收费，使充满，指控，充电n.收费，罪名，负费，电荷【巧记】charger n.委托人【搭配】be charged with 负……责任，弃满着，被指控‖charge for 收……费‖in charge of ……负责，主管‖take charge 开始管理，接管‖in the charge of 受……的管理9.error n.错误，误差10.convert vt.使转变，更改【巧记】convertible a.可转换的，可转变的，可改变的‖converter n.转换器11.analyse vt.分析，分解【巧记】analyzable a.可以分析的‖analysability n.分析，能力‖analysation 分解，分析‖analyser n.分析者‖analyst n.分析者12.incident n.事件，事变【巧记】incidence n.发生率‖incidental a.附带的，偶然的‖incidentally ad.附带地，顺便提及13.argue vi.争论，争辩vt.主张，争论，劝说14.insistence n.坚持15.critical a.批评的，批判的，挑剔地核心词组in charge 负责任be converted to sth. 转换，换算为……on average 平均地keep one’s eyes on 注视rather than 而不是keep up with 跟上Passage 3Sport is not only physically challenging but it can also be mentally challenging.Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes(运动) Stress can be physical,emotional or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperated with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware,at all times,that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and fine a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the spot and other life lessons.In today’s youth sport setting,young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances.Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome.Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.核心词汇1.physically a.自然地，物质地，内体上地【巧记】physical a.身体的，物质的【搭配】physical labor 体力劳动‖physical condition 身体状况2.challenge n.挑战，艰巨的任务vt.反对，向……挑战，对……怀疑【巧记】challenging a.具有挑战性的‖challenger n.挑战者3.mentally ad.精神上地，脑力地【搭配】mental labor 脑力，劳动4.criticism n.批评，评论【巧记】critic n. 批评家‖critical a.批判的‖critically ad.批评地，危急地【搭配】be critical to…对……很挑剔‖be critical of 苛求的，挑剔的‖make criticisms on 对……批评5.pressure n.压力，压强，强制，压迫【巧记】press vt.压，按，紧握n.新闻界，出版介‖pressing a.紧迫的，迫切的6.stress n.压力，紧张7.emotional a.感情上的【巧记】emotionally ad.感情地‖emotion n.情感，激动，激情【搭配】with emotion 动情地8.psychological a.心理(上)的，心理学的【巧记】psychologically ad.心理上地，心理学地‖psychology n.心理学，心理‖psychologist n.心理学家9.indicate vt.表示，显示10.describe vt.叙述，描述，形容【巧记】description n.描写，记叙文，说明文‖descriptive a.描述的，说明的【搭配】describe…as…把……描绘成……11.aware a.意识到的，觉察到的【巧记】awareness n.意识，觉悟‖unaware a.不知道的‖unawareness n.无意识【搭配】be aware of 明白，意识到某事【辨析】aware, consciousaware 指通过自己的感官活动来感知；conscious 指大脑已接受了感官的信号，一般表示对事实、真实情况等的清醒地内在了解。