2017福州一中自主招生(面向福州以外地区)试题—理综试卷

2017福州一中自主招生(面向福州以外地区)试题—理综试卷
2017福州一中自主招生(面向福州以外地区)试题—理综试卷

福州一中2017年高中招生(面向福州以外地区)

综合素质测试理科综合试卷

(考试时间:50分钟 满分:50分)

学校 姓名 准考证号

一、选择题(共12小题,每小题2分,共24分,每小题仅有一个选项是正确的,请将正确答案用.......2B ..铅笔填涂在答题卡上.........

1. 关于染色体、DNA 、基因三者关系的叙述中,正确的是( )

A .染色体存在于DNA 分子中

B .染色体数目和基因数目一样多

C .一个DNA 分子中含有一个基因

D .DNA 主要存在于染色体上

2.下列有关人体消化系统的叙述中,正确的是( )

A .消化腺是由胃腺、肠腺和胰腺共同组成的

B .胃是消化食物和吸收营养物质的最主要部位

C .所有的消化腺都能分泌消化液

D .所有的消化液中都含有消化酶

3. 右图是植物新陈代谢示意图,甲、乙、丙分别表

示不同的生理活动,①②③代表相关的物质, 以下

描述正确的是( )

A. 播种前要松土,与乙所代表的生理活动有关

B. 图中甲表示光合作用,①代表二氧化碳

C. 根吸收的②绝大部分经甲过程蒸发到空气中

D. 丙所代表的生理活动,能为植物体各项生命

活动提供能量

4.以下各项中,能正确表示一条食物链的是( )

A .阳光→草→兔→狼

B .昆虫→蜘蛛→青蛙→蛇

C .草→兔→狼→细菌

D .草→兔→狐

5.常温下,下列溶液中,pH 最小的是 ( )

A .pH 等于7的溶液

B .使无色酚酞溶液变红的溶液

C .使紫色石蕊溶液变红的溶液

D .使红色石蕊试纸变蓝的溶液

6.右图表示的是纯净物、单质、化合物、含氧化合物、氧化物之间的包含与

不包含关系,若整个大圆代表纯净物,则①③所属的类别是( )

A .① 单质、③ 氧化物

B .① 单质、③ 含氧化合物

C .① 氧化物、③化合物

D .①化合物、③ 含氧化合物

7.下列说法正确的是( )

A .灼烧并闻气味一定能鉴别纯棉线和羊毛线

B .能与盐酸反应生成二氧化碳的钠盐一定是碳酸钠

C .酸碱中和反应生成盐和水,则生成盐和水的反应一定是中和反应

D .带火星的细木条伸入集气瓶中,木条不复燃,则集气瓶中一定不含氧气 ①

② ③ ④

8.某白色粉末可能含有CaCl2、Na2SO4、Ba(NO3)2、K2CO3中的一种

或几种。常温下,把该粉末放入足量水中,充分搅拌,有白色不溶物产生。过滤,向不溶物中加入稀盐酸,不溶物全部溶解。将滤液分成两份,向其中一份中加入BaCl2溶液,没有明显现象;向另一份中加入AgNO3溶液,有白色不溶物产生。下列对该粉末组成的判断正确的是()

A.肯定没有Na2SO4和Ba(NO3)2B.肯定有Ba(NO3)2和K2CO3

C.可能有Na2SO4和CaCl2D.肯定有CaCl2和K2CO3

9.两平面镜相交90o,竖直立于水平地面上(两镜面交线沿竖直方向)。一人与镜子同高,身上衣服前胸印有一行“福一”二个字,站在水平地面上如图(俯视图)中的S位置,朝两镜子的交线看去,欣赏自己在镜子中的像,则下列描述正确的是()

A.看到像中自己衣服上的字样是“”

B.看到像中自己衣服上的字样是“福一”

C.看到像中自己衣服上的字样是“”

D.看到像中自己衣服上的字样是“一福”

10.在以速度v匀速行驶的一列车内有一水平桌面,桌

面上的A处有一小球。若车厢内的乘客突然发现,如右图

(俯视图),小球沿所示的虚线从A点运动到B点,则由此

可以判断列车的运行情况是()

A.减速行驶,向北转弯B.减速行驶,向南转弯

C.加速行驶,向南转弯D.加速行驶,向北转弯

11.伽利略曾设计如图所示的一个实验,将摆球拉至M点放开,摆球会到达同一水平高度上的N点。如果在E或F处固定一钉子,仍将摆球拉至M点放开,

因摆线碰到钉子,摆球将沿不同的圆弧到达同一高度的

对应点;反过来,如果让摆球从这些点下落,它同样会

到达原同一水平高度上的M点。这个实验也可以说明,

物体由静止开始沿不同倾角的光滑斜面(或弧面)下滑,

到达斜面(或弧面)底端时,其速度的大小()

A.只与斜面的倾角有关B.只与斜面的长度有关

C.只与下滑的高度有关D.只与物体的质量有关

12.如图所示的电路中,电源电压U保持恒定。灯泡A

和灯泡B原来都是正常发光的,现在突然灯泡A比原来变暗

了些,灯泡B比原来变亮了些,则电路中电阻元件出现的故

障可能是()

A.R2断路B.R3断路

C.R1短路D.R1、R2同时短路

二、填空题(共26分,请将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置上

................)

13.(4分)人体是一

个统一的整体,各个

系统之间密切联系,

右图是人体部分生

理活动示意图,请据

图回答:

(1)A、B、C、D

表示心脏的四个腔,

与C腔相连的血管③

是。

(2)当血液流经组织细胞时,发生了物质交换,c所代表的是营养物质和。

(3)图中所示与外界相连的4条途径中,不属于排泄途径的是。(填相关数字)

(4)当血液流经肾脏时,通过和肾小囊内壁的过滤作用,形成原尿,再

经过肾小管的重吸收作用形成尿液.

14.(6分)Cu与Zn的合金称为黄铜。现通过实验测定某黄铜的组成:取50g

该黄铜样品平均分为五份于五个烧杯中,分别加入不同质量但相同溶质质量分数

的稀硫酸,使之充分反应。每份所用稀硫酸的质量及充分反应后剩余固体的质量

(1)实验过程中发生反应的化学方程式为。

(2)从以上数据可知,最后剩余的5.6g固体的成分是:。

表格中,m=。

(3)黄铜样品中锌的质量分数为。

(4)所用稀硫酸的溶质质量分数为。

15.(2分)一个空心塑料球的半径为R、质量为m。一圆筒状杯的半径为2R、高

度为h ( h=3R ),杯中盛满密度为 的液体。将塑料球轻轻放入此杯中后,塑料

球漂浮在液面,则溢出的液体体积是。

16.(2分)三块完全相同的密度均匀分布的长方体砖块,

长度均为L。如图,将砖块前后对齐,左右错开,依序轻轻

x

17.(2分)电位器是变阻器的一种,如图甲

所示,滑动触头可沿炭膜作顺时针(或逆时

针)转动。在图乙电路中,将电位器串联接

在P、Q端之间,若在图甲电位器的

A、B、C三个接线端中选两端,分

别与P、Q端相接,当滑动触头作顺时针转

动,可使灯泡变亮。

18.(2分)滑动摩擦力的大小F f=μN ,其中,μ为物体接触面间的动摩擦因数、N为接触面间的压力大小。如图所示,质量M=3kg、长度L=1m的长木板放在光滑的水平地面上,在木板的右端放一质量m=0.5kg的小木块,用一根不可伸长的轻绳通过光滑的定滑轮分别与m、M水平连接,木块与木板间的动摩擦因数为μ=0.4,开始时木块和木板静止,现用水平向

右的拉力作用在长木板上,使它向右缓慢地移动

(平衡状态),小木块也同时缓慢地移到长木板的

左端。在上述过程中,拉力做功至少为J。(g取10N/kg)

19.(4分)如图甲,游标卡尺主要由主尺和可沿着主尺移动的游标尺构成,

主尺和游标尺相互配合可测量物件的空间尺寸。一对外

测量爪中,左、右两侧的爪各属于主尺和游标尺的一部

分。一种游标卡尺,如图乙,向左移动游标尺,当一对

外测量爪并拢时,主尺和游标尺的“0”刻度线会对齐、

游标尺上的第10条刻度线与主尺的9mm线也对齐。游

标尺上刻有均匀的10个小格,可知主尺和游标尺的分

度值之差是0.1mm。若在一对外测量爪之间夹上0.1mm厚度的一张纸时,游标尺上第1条刻线将右移0.1mm而与主尺上一条刻线对齐。

由此可知:

(1)该种游标卡尺的测量精确度是mm。

(2)图丙所示,一小球夹在外测量爪间,它的直径读数是mm 。

F ,其

20.(4分)轻质弹簧发生弹性伸长(或压缩)时,所产生的弹力大小kx

中x为弹簧伸长(或压缩)的长度(受力时的长度与不受力时的自

然长度比较)、k为弹簧劲度系数(同一根弹簧k值确定)、F是弹簧

每一端产生的弹力。如图所示,重均为G的木块A和B,用一个劲

度系数为k的轻质弹簧连接。木块B处在水平地面上,最初木块A

压在弹簧上处于静止,此时弹簧压缩的长度为。现在用力竖

直向上缓慢拉起A直到B刚好离开地面,则这一过程中A上升的高

度为。

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