高考英语 情态动词及虚拟语气
高考英语复习知识点:情态动词和虚拟语气及英语作文结尾万能公式

高考英语复习知识点:情态动词和虚拟语气及英语作文结尾万能公式高考英语复习知识点:情态动词和虚拟语气虚拟语气在高考命题中不是重点,但是难点。
考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中虚拟语气的使用上,因此考生应熟练掌握含蓄条件句中主从句的时态要求以及一些典型句型中虚拟语气的具体形式。
虚拟语气考点透析考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,基本结构为:主语+动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。
例如:①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing,I would invite her to the party.A.couldntB.shouldntC.cantD.might not解析句意为:如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实,我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。
that从句为同位语从句,描述的是事实,用陈述语气。
正确答案为C。
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,基本结构为:主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。
例如:If the weather had been better,we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day.A.rainedB.rainsC.has rainedD.is raining解析句意为:如果天气好的话,我们是能够去野餐的,但是下了一天的雨。
句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情,所以用了虚拟语气。
下了一天的雨是事实,所以用陈述语气。
因为是发生在过去的事实,所以正确答案为A。
3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,基本结构为:主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。
高中英语情态动词与虚拟语气

情态动词与虚拟语气【语法要点】情态动词所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义,可以表达某种感情和说话的语气,但是它不可以单独使用作谓语动词。
学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法,特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理,更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理,编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。
一、情态动词的类型1.只作情态动词的有:must、can、could、may、might、ought to2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有:need、dare3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有:shall、should、will、would二、情态动词的特征1.表示说话人的情感态度,不能单独作谓语,与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。
2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。
3.具有助动词的特征:可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。
三、情态动词的用法1.表示能力(1)表示现在的能力,用can或be able to。
表示一般的能力时多用can,表示“经过努力成功的做成某事”用be able to。
(2)表示过去的能力,用could或was/were be able to。
区别同上。
(3)表示将来的能力,用will be able to。
2.表示推测、可能性(1)can用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性,而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。
例如:Accidents can happy on such rainy days.(2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词,其表示可能性的层次如下表:情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式must 必定、必然、一定will 很可能、大概不会、不该会……吗?would 可能性较will小不会、不该(较won’t弱)会……吗?(较will弱)should 应该会、理应(表示合乎理想的情况或结果)ought to 与should同义can 一定不会、不可能(否定推测)有可能吗?could 可疑的可能不可能(与can’t同义)有可能吗?(较can弱)may 或许、可能、说不定可能不might 或许、可能(较may弱)可能不(较may not弱)注意→(1)may,must常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句。
高三英语高考语法知识点归纳总结情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词

You needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.
注意:didn’t need to(have to)do:
没有必要做而实际上也没有做
I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.
C.shouldn’t/must D.can’t/shouldn’t
在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力,而要用was/were able to。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but
everyone_____get out.
would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
During the vacation he would visit me every week
The wound would not heal.(伤口老是不能愈合)
would表示估计或猜想。
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
情态动词+have done的用法
could+have done:本可以做而实际上未能做。
You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.
cannot+ have done:表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。
for I worked to use it.
高考英语语法复习情态动词和虚拟语气

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5. Should I open the window? 我可以开窗户吗? 6. You shouldn't be sitting in the sun. 你不应该坐在阳光下。
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7. It's 4:30. They should be in New York by now. 现在是4点半,他们应该到达纽约了。 8. If he should drop in, give him my message. 他若来访,就将我的消息给他。
(2)He shall be punished if he disobeys. 你照我的样子办。
他若不服从就要受到处罚。
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3. (1)You shall have my answer tomorrow. (2)She shall get her share. (1)你明天可以得到我的答复。
(2)她可以得到她的一份。 4. (1)Shall I get you some coffee, Miss Fleure?
除了 can , would 以外,英语中还有很多情态动 词 。 常 见 情 态 动 词 有 : must , can(could) , may(might) , ought to , need , dare shall(should) , will(would) have (had) to,used to, had better,would rather。 注意:need,dare也可用作实义动词。
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4. May you succeed.
祝你成功。
5. (1)You may well say so.
高中英语语法系统讲解之八情态动词和虚拟语气

高中英语语法系统讲解之八情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词一. 情态动词的类型和特征1. 类型○1只作情态动词用的有:can(could),may(might),must,ought to。
○2可作情态动词也作实义动词的有:need,dare。
○3可作情态动词也作助动词的有:shall(should),will(would)。
○4具有情态动词某些特征的有:have(had)to,used to。
2. 特征情态动词有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,须和实义动词或系动词连用,构成谓语;且适用于主语的各种人称和数(have to例外),主语是第三人称单数时,要用has to。
二. 情态动词的基本用法1. can与could○1表示能力或客观可能性,还可表示请求和允许,她存在以下几种形式:如Children can be troublesome sometimes.○2表示惊异、推测、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句中)。
如This can’t be done by him.○3can的习惯用法A. can but的用法can but“只好,至多不过”,如We can but do our best.B. cannot help but,cannot help的用法二者都表示“不得不;不能避免;不禁”;但前者后加动词原形,后者加代词或动名词等。
如The girl couldn’t help but live on herself.When I try to speak, I can’t help making mistakes.C. cannot … too“无论怎样……都不过分;越……越好”如We can’t thank you too much for what you have done for us。
We can not be too careful to cross the road.温馨提示:○1can与be able to:can表示有能力做某事,be able to表示通过努力、克服困难做成某事。
高考英语二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气考点讲解含解析

情态动词和虚拟语气第一部分、情态动词一、can/could与be able to1.can/could用来表示“一般能力”;be able to有多种时态,且用来表示在特定条件下的“具体能力”.如:My grandma is over seventy,but she can still read without glasses.They will be able to tell you the news soon.He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.2.表示允许可用can或could,与may/might意义接近.could可用于现在时,只是语气更加委婉、客气,回答时则一般要用can而不用could.—Could I have the television on?—Yes,you can./No,you can't.二、may与might1.表示允许,意为“可以,许可”,用法基本上同can与could.如:May I use your bicycle?2.表示可能性,意为“也许,可能”.如:According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.3.may可以放在句首,表示祝愿.如:May good luck be yours!三、must与have to1.must用来表示说话人的主观看法;have to表示客观的需要,强调外界压力,不得已而为之.如:He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作.(主观上要做这件事)My brother was ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟生病了,我只得半夜里把医生请来.(客观上需要做这件事)2.表示“不必”,须用don't have to或needn't.must的否定式表示“禁止,绝对不可”.如:You don't have to tell him about it.你不必告诉他那件事.You mustn't tell him about it.你绝不能告诉他那件事.—Must we do it now?我们必须现在做吗?—No, you needn't.不,你们不必.四、shall1.用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中,用来征求对方的意见或请求指示.如:What shall he do next?他下一步干什么呢?2.用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令、警告、允诺、威胁、强制”等意思.如:He shall stay in bed.他必须躺在床上.You shall have it back next week.下周一定还你.He says he won't go, but I say he shall.他说他不去,但我说他必须去.五、will与would1.will用于各种人称,表示“意志、意愿”或“决心”等.如:If you will keep your watch half an hour slow, it is hardly surprising that you are late for your appointments.如果你想要让你的表慢半个小时,你约会时迟到就不足为怪了.2.will表示习惯性的动作,有“总是,惯于”的含义.如:An Englishman will usually show you the way in the street.英国人通常是会在街上给你指路的.3.would可表示过去反复发生的动作.如:On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.星期天他总是早起去钓鱼.六、should与ought to1.should表示“建议”或“劝告”,有“应该”之意.如:You should learn from each other.2.ought to表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事.如:Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.3.should和ought to也可用来表示推测,意为“想必会……”.如:—When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.—They should be ready by 1200.七、情态动词表示推测1.can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性,意为“有时会”;用于疑问句中可以表示推测,意为“可能”,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,can't意为“不可能”,语气很强烈.It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和,但有时候也会相当冷.Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?布什先生做什么事情都很准时,他怎么可能开会迟到呢?—Let's visit Tom together, Stephen.—There's no need to do so. He can't be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this morning.——Stephen,咱们一起拜访汤姆吧.——没必要这样做.他一定不在家,因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班.2.may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测,意为“有可能”;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not意为“可能不”,表示一种不太确定的语气.The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?这些天交通很繁忙,我可能会来晚一点,请你帮我保留个位置好吗?3.must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could).—It's the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.—Oh, sorry.——这是办公室!所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西.——噢,对不起.4.should用来表示推测时意为“应该”,即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思.There shouldn't be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lotin the driving school.因为你在驾校训练了这么多,通过路考应该没什么困难.八、“情态动词+have done”结构1.should/ought to+have done,表示“过去本应该做而(实际)没有做的事情”,含有责备或遗憾的语气,意为“本应该……”.其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have+done”,表示某种行为本不该发生但实际上发生了.I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.我本不应该看那部电影——它会令我做噩梦.You ought to have come to the party yesterday, but why didn't you come?昨天你本来应该参加聚会的,可是你为什么不来?2.must+have done,用于肯定句,表示“过去一定做过某事”,表示一种很有把握的推测.注意,对过去发生的情况的否定推测常用“can't/couldn't+have done”表示.—Ye Shiwen won two gold medals in London Olympic Games.—She must have gone through tough training.——叶诗文在伦敦奥运会获得了两枚金牌.——她肯定受到严格的训练.—Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.—Well. He can't have gone far—his coat's still here.——你知道大卫在哪里吗?我到处找不到他.——大卫的上衣还在这里,因此他肯定没走远.3.needn't+have done,表示“过去没有必要做某事,但实际上做了某事”.Mark needn't have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.马克本没必要那么匆忙.他以最快速度开车,结果早到了半个小时.4.may/might+have done,表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性的推测,表示“可能已做了某事……”,否定句表示“可能还没有……”.Sorry, I'm late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起,我迟到了.我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了.5.could+have done表示“过去本来可以做某事,但实际上没有做”;can/could+have done表示“过去可能做了某件事”.I could have saved the poor rabbit, but I didn't have the right drugs with me at that moment.我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的,可是我当时没有合适的药品.第二部分、虚拟语气一、虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法1.在具体运用中,条件从句中有时可省略if而采用倒装结构.如:Had it not been for your help, we wouldn't have achieved so much.2.介词without/but for、连词but、副词otherwise常用来表示某种假设条件.如:I wouldn't have made such rapid progress without your help.3.有时候从句动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自的时间来调整.如:If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.二、“should+动词原形”表示的虚拟语气这一类型常见词有“一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四要求(request, require, demand, desire)”.以上词及其派生名词所接的名词性从句都使用“(should +)动词原形”的虚拟语气.①Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill, and her mother suggested that she(should) havea medical examination.简苍白的脸色表明她病了,她母亲建议她去检查身体.②She insisted that the man had stolen her car and that he(should) be sent to prison.她坚持说那个男人偷了她的车,并坚决要求他坐牢.三、特殊句式中的虚拟语气If only/It's (high) time (that)...wish/would rather/as if等固定句式要求用相应的虚拟语气表达形式.①I wish I could fly.真希望我能飞.②I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来.③If only I had taken your advice!要是听从了你的建议该多好啊!高频考点一、考查情态动词例1.(2018·北京卷)In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词.句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题.数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can.C选项正确.其余情态动词均没有该用法.need需要;should应该,竟然;must必须,肯定.【变式探究】—Can’t you stay a little longer?—It’s getting late. I reall y _____go now, My daughter is home alone.A .mayB .canC . mustD .dare【答案】C【解析】句意:——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了,我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能,可以,也许;B. can能,会;C. must必须,必然要,必定会;D. dare敢,胆敢.结合句意,故选C.【变式探究】________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.A. CanB. MustC. ShallD. Should【答案】A【解析】本题考察的是情态动词基本意义辨析.Can能够,可能;must必须,一定;非得;shall将要;should应该;句意:我可以和你谈谈吗?不会花很多时间的.根据句意可知本题使用can I…?表示询问对方是否允许.如:Can I use your dictionary?我可以使用你的字典吗?故A正确.高频考点二、考查情态动词的用法例2. (2018·天津卷) I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词表推测.句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定.根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”.故选D.【变式探究】(2017•天津)My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.A. daren’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t【答案】C【解析】句意:我的房间很乱,但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫,我可以明天早晨再打扫.A.不敢;B.不应该;C不需要;D.不许.根据句意,故选C.【变式探究】Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week?If you ________(tell)me,I could have helped.【答案】had told【解析】句意:上个星期你为什么不告诉我你的麻烦事?如果你告诉我了,我就能帮你.根据句意和相关信息判断,条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设,此时从句用过去完成时,主句谓语用“情态动词+have done”形式.【变式探究】I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.A. mightn’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. couldn’t【答案】C【解析】句意:我来新学校之前本没有必要担心,因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好.needn’t have done本没有必要做某事,表示实际上已经做了某事.根据句意可知选C.高频考点三、考查虚拟语气例3.(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.A.accomplished B.had accomplishedC.would accomplish D.would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气.句意:工人们没有被组织好,否则的话他们会用那一半的时间完成任务的.此处otherwise表达了一种含蓄虚拟;otherwise前的内容所述的是过去的事实,相当于if引导的条件状语从句“If the workers had been better organized”,因此后半部分应用“主语+would have done sth.”的结构.故选D.【举一反三】【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______have taken the books without the owner’s permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气.句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书.在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中,其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should可以省略.故选B.【变式探究】(2017·北京)If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put【答案】A【解析】句意:如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话,这个事故就不会发生了.根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用had done形式,此外根据句意可知是被动,用被动语态,故A项是正确的.【变式探究】________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.【答案】Had【解析】句意:如果政府和科学家不共同努力,与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降.这是一个省略了从属连词if的虚拟语气句,使用了倒装句式.根据主句的would not have fallen可知,这里是表示过去的虚拟语气,所以用had.【变式探究】Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A.didn’t writeB. hadn’t writtenC. wouldn’t w riteD. wouldn’t have written【答案】D【解析】句意:没有他战时的经验,海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历,可知表示对于过去的否定猜测,故主句用would have done,因此选D 项.1.(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.A.accomplished B.had accomplishedC.would accomplish D.would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气.句意:工人们没有被组织好,否则的话他们会用那一半的时间完成任务的.此处otherwise表达了一种含蓄虚拟;otherwise前的内容所述的是过去的事实,相当于if引导的条件状语从句“If the workers had been better organized”,因此后半部分应用“主语+would have done sth.”的结构.故选D.2.(2019·江苏卷)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.A.had B.will haveC.would have had D.had had【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气.句意:多么遗憾!你错过了这次游览.否则,我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光.根据关键词or可知,这里表示与过去的事实相反,谓语动词应用would/could/should/might+have done.1.【2018·江苏】 There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气.句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与.本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时.故选A.2.【2018·江苏】It’s strange that he _______have taken the books without the owner’s permission.A. wouldB. shouldC. couldD. might【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气.句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书.在句型”It isimport ant/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中,其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should可以省略.故选B.3.(2018·天津卷) I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.A. should leaveB. must have leftC. might leaveD. could have left【答案】D【解析】考查情态动词表推测.句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定.根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”.故选D.4.(2018·北京卷)In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词.句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题.数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can.C选项正确.其余情态动词均没有该用法.need需要;should应该,竟然;must必须,肯定.5.(2018·北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气.句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆.由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟.if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故D选项正确.1.(2017·北京)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. mustB. shouldC. canD. need【答案】C【解析】A. must 必须 B. should 应该 C. can 能 D. need 需要.句意:Samuel,我班最高的男生,能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书,此处需要一个表示能力的词,故用can,答案为C.2.(2017•天津)My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. daren’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t【答案】C【解析】句意:我的房间很乱,但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫,我可以明天早晨再打扫.A.不敢;B.不应该;C不需要;D.不许.根据句意,故选C.3.(2017•江苏) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装.虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故选B.句意:要不是老师们的支持,该生是无法克服她自己的困难的.4.(2017·江苏卷) ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略.虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故选B.5.(2017•江苏) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcomeher difficulty.A. It wereB. Were itC. It wasD. Was it【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装.虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故选B.句意:要不是老师们的支持,该生是无法克服她自己的困难的.6.(2017·北京)If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put【答案】A【解析】句意:如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话,这个事故就不会发生了.根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用had done形式,此外根据句意可知是被动,用被动语态,故A项是正确的.1.(2016·浙江,15)________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.【答案】Had【解析】句意:如果政府和科学家不共同努力,与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降.这是一个省略了从属连词if的虚拟语气句,使用了倒装句式.根据主句的would not have fallen可知,这里是表示过去的虚拟语气,所以用had.2.(2016·浙江,17)George can't ________(go)too far.His coffee is still warm.【答案】have gone【解析】句意:乔治不可能走得太远了.他的咖啡仍然是温的.can't have done是对过去的否定推测.3.(2016·北京,34)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week?If you ________(tell)me,I could have helped.【答案】had told【解析】句意:上个星期你为什么不告诉我你的麻烦事?如果你告诉我了,我就能帮你.根据句意和相关信息判断,条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设,此时从句用过去完成时,主句谓语用“情态动词+have done”形式.。
高中英语考点汇总:情态动词和虚拟语气

考向1 情态动词一、can, could 与be able to1. 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
☞Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)☞Mary can speak three languages.(知识)☞Can you skate?(技能)此时可用be able to代替。
can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。
☞I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用can。
如:☞He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2. 表示请求和允许。
☞——Can I go now?——Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
☞——Could I come to see you tomorrow?—— Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )3. 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
☞They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least.4. 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
☞Can this be true?☞This can’t be done by him. How can this be true?1.In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查情态动词。
高考英语语法考点解读:情态动词和虚拟语气

情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态等,是中英语语法的重点,也是高考的热点,是单项填空必考的一个知识点。
情态动词在近五高考中主要考查四点:情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法;情态动词与虚拟语气;情态动词表达“情感、态、语气等”;情态动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。
虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法,以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。
一、情态动词表推测的用法headmaster.①That maynot be true.①He couldn'thavediscovered thetruth.注意:should (ought to)表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点。
如:—When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon.—They ________ be ready by 12:00.A.can B.should C.might D.need【解析】B A项表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句中。
C项表示推测语气不太肯定。
should意为“按理说,理应”,既回答了顾客的询问,不失礼貌,又为照片有可能尚未洗好,顾客到时取不到留下了回旋的余地,体现了店主的精明与用词经过仔细推敲。
二、情态动词的其他用法1.can, could, may, might2.must, should3. need, dare4.shall/will/would4.shall/will/would4.shall/will/would二、情态动词+have done四、虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法If it were to rain tomorrow, I should not drive my car. 如果明天下雨的话,我就不开车了。
(明天的情况还不知道)If I had done it in time, I should have had a good time. 如果我及时做的话,日子就好过多了。
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高考英语情态动词及虚拟语气(2011·浙江温州十校联考)10.__________ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA.Had it not been for B.If it were notC.If it had not been for D.Were it not forD考查虚拟语气的用法。
虚拟条件句如果if被省略,从句需部分倒装。
(2011·浙江温州八校返校联考)31.You ________ worry about it , as everything has been settled now.A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.mustn’tB考查情态动词的用法。
句意:你没必要为之而担心,因为现在一切都安置好了。
(2011·浙江学军中学第一次月考)33. Why were you driving so fast? You somebody.A.mingt hurtB.might have hurtC.would hurtD.must have hurtB考查情态动词的用法。
此处表示对过去事实没有把握的推测,故用might have done的形式。
(2011·重庆师大附中第一次月考)34.—It’s the office! So you ________ know eating is not allowed here.—Oh, sorry.A. mustB. willC. mayD. needA考查情态动词的用法。
此处must意为:不准,禁止。
(2011·重庆师大附中第一次月考)32.But for their help, we ________ the program in time.A. can not finishB. will not finishC. had not finishedD. could not havefinishedD考查虚拟语气。
句意:要是没有他的帮助,我们就不能按时完成那个项目。
此处表示与过去的事实相反。
(2011·唐山市摸底)14.Tom have come in person.He came such a long way just to tell us the result.A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.wouldn’t D.couldn’tB考查情态动词的用法。
句意:汤姆没有必要亲自来。
他走这么远的路就是为了告诉我们这结果。
(2011·河北正定中学第一次月考)8.Jam insisted that the book Mr Black referred to .A.was worth buying B.was worth to be boughtC.being worth buying D.be worth buyingD考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法。
insist后的宾语从句,在表示坚持某种建议时用虚拟语气should+动词原形。
(2011·浙江杭州西湖中学检测)30. We ________ last night , but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would studyC考查情态动词的用法。
句意:昨晚我们应该学习,可是我们去听了音乐会。
此处should have studied表示虚拟语气,意为:应该学习而实际上没有学习。
(2011·云南昆明一中第一次月考)15.-- I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.-- Don’t worry.You ______ have it by Friday.A.shall B.could C.must D.mayA考查情态动词的用法。
此处shall表示许诺。
句意:别担心。
你星期五之前一定会拿到它。
(2011·广西玉林、南宁二中9月联考)33.--- You a meal for me this evening. I had dinner at the Chinese Dragon with Tom.--- Well, why didn’t you phone and let me know?A.should cook B.needn’t have cookedC.don’t need to cook D.should have cookedB考查情态动词的用法。
此处needn’t have cooked表示虚拟。
语境:---今晚你没有必要给我做饭。
我和汤姆在中国龙饭店吃了饭。
-----那你为什么不给我打电话让我知道呢?(2011·四川绵阳中学第一次月考)24.—I wonder why Sara looks worried today.—I'm not sure,but she a small accident driving here.A. could haveB. might haveC. might have hadD. must have hadC考查情态动词的用法。
根据I'm not sure可知表示对过去没把握的推测,故用might have done的形式。
语境:---我不知道今天Sara为什么看起来焦虑。
---我不确定。
她可能驾车来这儿时遇到了小的意外事故。
(2011·湖南长沙一中第一次月考)22.The driver tried everything he could think of, but the car just not move.A.should B.might C.must D.wouldD考查情态动词的用法。
此处would意为:会。
句意:那位司机用了他能想到的任何方法,可那车还是不会动。
(2011·湖南长沙一中第一次月考)34.I am not going to sit here and let her abuse me.I demand that she immediately for what she just said.A.apologize B.would apologizeC.apologized D.must apologizeA考查虚拟语气。
此处demand后表要求用should+动词原形的形式。
故选A。
(2011·四川成都市摸底)23.Great efforts to increase grain production if food shortages are to be avoided.A.could be made B.must be madeC.might be made D.would be madeB考查情态动词及短语的用法。
解题关键:掌握短语make great efforts to do sth,如果将其变成被动语态即为great efforts must be made。
(2011·四川成都外国语学校9月考)23.It is important to know about the cultural differences that cause problems.A.must B.dare C.need D.mayD考查情态动词的用法。
此处may表可能。
句意:了解可能导致问题的文化差异是非常重要的。
(2011·宁夏银川一中第一次月考)35.If only I _____ a few days ago!Then I wouldn’t have been feeling so worried now.A.looked ahead B.could look aheadC.were to look ahead D.had looked aheadD考查虚拟语气。
句意:要是我能预见几年该多好啊!(2011·江西师大开学试题)27. ------ Can I pay the bill by check ?------ Sorry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment _______ be made in cash.A. shallB. canC. willD. mayA考查情态动词的用法。
此处shall表示根据法规必须做某事。
句意:宾馆的管理规定用现金付账。
(2011·湖南雅礼中学第一次月考)25.–It’s really a pity that I didn’t see you in Shanghai.-- I _________ to see you in the hotel, but I was too busy.A.hope B.had hoped C.hoped D.am hopingB考查虚拟语气。
此处had hoped to do sth是虚拟语气,意为:本希望在旅馆看到你,可我太忙。
(实际上,没看到。
)(2011·湖南雅礼中学第一次月考)31._________ it rain, the crops would be saved.A.Will B.Should C.Would D.CouldB考查虚拟语气。
此处should意为:万一。
句意:万一天下雨,庄稼就会得救。
(2011·湖南雅礼中学第一次月考)34.Rose _________ tel l her mother that she didn’t pass the exam.A.dare not to B.doesn’t dare to C.d oesn’t dare D.dares notB考查动词dare的用法。
此处dare是实意动词,故用doesn’t dare to tell。
的形式。
(2011·江西南昌一中第一次月考)35..She insisted that she ______ not guilty , but we insisted that she ____ into prisonA.was; be put B.be ; was putC.should be; was put D.was; should putA考查insist的用法及虚拟语气。