云南民族大学学位英语听力
云南大学 专业英语听力 Nerds1(上)字幕
This is the story of how a handful of guys launched an industry revolution.How they changed the culture of business,how they made history. I feel incredibly lucky to be at exactly the right place in silicon valley,at exactly the right time historically, where this invention has taken form.It wasn't like we both thought it was going to go a long ways,it was like,we both do it for fun,and even though we're going to loose some money probably,we'll have been able to say we had a company.All of us would get together and just that we were right, that the PC would become a big thing,You know,I stop and said Wow! The PC has really become part of the very fabric of the way people live.And we certainly surged with it and I just had stop to say humph,,pretty incredible ride Most of these people come from a place I call home, the silicon valley south of San Francisco, California.Growing up here near the electronic companies that give the place its name.These founders of the PC revolution were,for the most part, middle class white kids from good suburban homes.But it's not their homes we're interested in,it;s there garages.Gram Spencer is chief programmer for Archetix software.Six guys who graduated from Stanford university and started a company,just because they liked each other.This is a modern day start-up,but at heart,its no different from PC pioneers like Apple or Microsoft.Nerds who share a dream.Their hobby is their business,and the culture they've created is identical to that of a thousand other technology companies.First,they dump the idea of nine to five.In this industry,you can work any eighty hours per week you like.Then I got my cap,which I use to cover my eyes and sleep in the early mornings while everyone's coming in.We didn't even obey a twenty-four hour clock.four,five of us when it's time to eat,we would all get into our cars,kinda race towards the restaurant,sit and talk about what we're doing, sometimes I get exited talking about things that I forget to eat,but then you just go back program some more.It was also our friends,those were fun days.Let's look in the refrigerator. We have coke and cold pizza.I drink about two liters of coke a day -- two liters of coke a day!And do you think of it like brain food--It keeps me going, that and listening to heavy metal and get caffeinated and hack I'd sit down in my room on the floor with pieces of paper spread all round with my computer design I was working on and always I noticed, I was up pretty late at night,and I had lots of coke,just part of that life.Combination of steel pizza and body odor and spelt cola kinda ground into the rug.I brought some spaghetti to work and then forgot to wash out the container for it the last couple of days,maybe six or seven,I had to be honest....that smells bad.Eating,bathing,having a girlfriend, and having an active social life,its incidental,it gets in the way of code time.Writing code is the primary force that drives their lives.Anything that interrupts that is wasteful.What is it about the internal logic of a computer that's so enticing?For one thing,such logic can be understood,as oppose to things that can't be understood at all,like the motivations of young women,let's say,or of the French.Let me explain. Time for the cringly crash course in basic basic computers,part 1.This is a mainframe computer,all these cabinets are one machine.In the old days,all computers were this size.They were attended by engineers in white in white coats,the kind of priesthood who took their jobs very seriously.All computers were pretty much the same,whether its a giant that serves two thousand users like this one,or a little notebook that serves only me.They process numerical data,a dding, multiplying, comparing, fact is,if you can quantify it,a computer can handle it.Its the emotional stuff they don't know what to do with.The data must be put into a special binary code consisting only of ones and zeros.Ane you have to give the computer instructions,also in code,to tell it exactly what to do with the data and in what order.These instructions are called a program.In the early days,you put in the instructions by flipping switches or loaded them by paper tape.This was called,machine language.It made computers a pain to use,even worse,every type of computer spoke a different machine language.The ENIAC can compute the 30-second trajectory of a shell in 20-seconds.Operators required spend 2 days to program it to do so.Then, a US navy captain name Grace Hopper solve the problem.She invented a computer language,English words that the computer itself could translate into binary code.Now users could type a whole list of instructions into a computer rather than flipping those damn switches.Like most things having to do with computers, that first language had a silly name,CIBOL.It was followed by other languages like FORTRAN and BASIC and they all made computing just a bit more user friendly.So when some nerds tells you he's been up all night programming or writing software or hacking code,what he really means is,he's been typing long list of instructions into his computer.Mainframe computers were far from personal,they sat in big air-conditioned rooms at insurance companies,phone companies,and the bank.And their main function was get us confused with some other guy named Cringly who's a deadbeat and had a criminal record. Eventually, computer terminals did begin to appear in some schools,but most of us paid no attention,But there's usually one kid who did pay attention,falling in love with the digital purity of those ones and zeros,he was the nerd.And I took this book home that described the PDPA computer and it just like a bible to me.I mean,all these things for some reason I fell a card game called Magic or fall in love with doing crossword puzzles,or something else,playing a musical instrument.I fell in love with little descriptions of computers on their inside and it was little mathematics,I could work out some problems on paper and solve it and see how it's done and I can came up with my own solutions and feel good inside.So you would keyboard these commands in and then you would wait foe a while and then the thing would go ...ta ta ta ta ta...and then it would tell you something out.But even with that,it's still remarkable,especially for a ten year old.That you could wait a program in BASIC,let's say,or FORTRAN and actually,this machine would,sort of take your idea and it would execute your idea and give you back some results and if they were the results you predicted,the program really worked,it was an incredibly thrilling experience.Nerds wanted their own computers right from the beginning,but it took a technological breakthrough to make that possible.This is it,the chip,the microprocessor.This is it,the chip,the microprocessor.This is what allows you to have a mainframe computer on your desk.In 1950's,mainframes were as big as this garage,that's because they were filled with thousands of these,vacuum tubes,or valves.Eventually the valves were made much smaller and replaced with transistors,still too big however, to make a computer that could fit on your desk.What that took was further miniaturization.Here we have a single piece of silicon etched with thousands of transistors.This microprocessor holds more than a million transistors,and that's the secret of the personalcomputer.And that's why they call it Silicon Valley,not computer valley.These are the people who invented the microprocessor,Intel.Intel was started 28 years ago by a handful of guys after a row with their old boss.Their microprocessor today powers 85 percent of the world's computers.Intel not only invented the chip,they're responsible for the laid back Silicon Valley working style.Everyone was on a first name basis,these were no reserved parking places,no offices,only cubicles.It's still ture today.Here's the chairman's cubicle.Gordon Moore is one of Intel founders,worth three billion dollars,with money like that,I'd have a door.In a business like this,the people with power are the ones that have the understanding of what's going on,not necessary the one's on top.It's very important those people have the knowledge are ones making the decision.So we setup something where everyone who had the knowledge on equal foot of what's going on.Intel's microprocessors kept getting more powerful.They soon had enough horsepower to run a whole computer,only Intel didn't appreciate the brilliance of their own products.Seeing it only as useful mainly for calculators,or traffic lights.Intel had all the elements necessary to invent the PC business but they just didn't get it.Lucky for us, someone did.This is the chip that launched the personal computer revolution.This is the magazine that announced it.In January 1975.featured on the cover was the world's first personal computer,the Altair 8800.It was the crazy idea of an ex air force officer from Georgia,Ed Roberts.If you'd look at it,it was kind of a grandiose.almost megalomaniac kind of scheme,you know.And right now I couldn't do it cause I couldn't see there's no way you could do this.But at that time,we just lack the benefits of age and experience and we didn't know we couldn't do it.20 years after Ed Robert's flash of brilliance,this exhibit being held to celebrate the anniversary of the Altair.Like every other other PC pioneer,Ed built his computer just because he wanted one to play with.There were some of us that lusted after a computers.really,at that time.All the computers in the world tended to be in big centers and you had to get permission to get close to them,nobody had access to computers then.And the idea that you can have your own computer and do whatever you wanted to,whenever you wanted to,was fantastic.And were all this happening?It was far from Silicon Valley,Intel,or IBM.Out in the desert,near the airport in Albuquerque,New Mexico,Ed Roberts ran a calculator company called MITS.Having an ugly building wasn't its only problem,MITS was going bankrupt.Nobody was buying calculators and Ed needed sixty-five thousand dollars just to stay afloat.We went to the bank and had a late night meeting and the issue was whether we close MITS down or they keep us an additional sixty-five thousand.And I was asked how many machines I think we would sell in the next year after it was introduced.And I said 800,and it was considered a wild eyed optimist at that.Within a month it was introduced,we were geeing 250 orders a day.The Altair wasn't even a computer,it was a computer kit.You had to build it yourself,and even then,it usually didn't work.Still,the demand was amazing.And there people who actually came to MITS.A couple of people with camper trailers camped out in the parking lot waiting for their machine,they were so eager.I think everybody had sorta daydreamed..about owning their own computer.The surprise was that it was possible for the average college student for example,who was living on bare subsistence,to actually buy a computer.This is what's really amazes me,was that people were so,there was a pent up demand for having your own computer.....And if it can be that cheap,what a wonderful thing.This is an Altair computer,the first personal computer.And not just any Altair,this is Altair serial number 2,the second one made,The first Altair made was sent off to be photographed at a magazine and it was lost in the mail.So this is the oldest personal computer in the world.Pretty historic junk,but the question is,what do you do with it?It has a front panel with switches you can click back and forth and some lights,but in the back,these no place to connect a keyboard,there's no place to connect a monitor,there's no place to connect a printer,In face,there's practically nothing at all you can really do with this thing.But back then,1975,the people who had it,were thrilled.The nerds formed clubs to talk about their new toy.One of the first was the Homebrew computer club, which met Wednesday evenings,at a hall rented from Stanford University back in Silicon valley.Presiding over near anarchy is Lee Felsenstein,who pretended to be in change.I would start the meeting by making a horrendous loud noise,because everyone was talking and I had to get some attention some how.And I would use it to call on the person in question,and I'd make threatening gestures with it.Most of us were in the electronics industry to s certain extent,but these's a ...stratum of physicians.And there were a lot of radio amateurs for instance,finding new technology that wasn't stale.But most of us were.at a certain middle-level downwards.We saw ourselves as crazed,ignored,geniuses or possible geniuses,but at least we could each hope to get our hands on a computer of our own.The very uselessness of the Altair is what drove the hobbyist together.Roger Mellon and Harry Garland started an early computer company.They came here to meet others and to figure out just what the heck could be done with this new toy.A solution in search of a problem.The Altair was tedious to use.At first,the only way data and instructions could be given to the computer was by flipping switches.Take something trivial like two plug two.Each two needed eight different switches to be flipped and the ninth switch was used to load them all.Add required another nine switches.The answer four was if the third light from the left turned on,eureka.So if you had a program a hundred bytes long,you had to go though this procedure a hundred times to load that into memory.It took a long time...and what happened if you lost power or you lost your way in the middle?...You cried The Altair may been frustrating but it drove the nerds to experiment,finding real uses for the useless box.Turning it from a curiosity to a computer.Steve setup an Altair,laboriously keyed a program into it, somebody knocked the plug out of the wall and he had to do that all over again,but nobody knew what this was about.After all,was it just going to sit there and flash its lights?Hr put a little transistor radio next to the Altair,and he would,by manipulating the length of loops in the software,could play tunes.The radio began playing,"The fool on the Hill",in the tinny little tunes that you could tell were coming from the noise that the computer was generating being picked up by the radio.Everybody rose and applauded.I proposed that he receive the stripped phillips screw award for finding a use for something previously thought useless.But I think everybody was too busy applauding to even hear me.It was a very exciting thing,probably the first thing that the Altairactually did.Turing the Altair into a useful tool required a programming language so users could type their programs in rather than flipping switches.What it needed was a version of some big computer language like BASIC,only modified for the PC.This was called a BASIC interpreter.But it didn't yet because the experts all thoughts that not even BASIC was basic enough to fit inside the tiny Altair memory.Yet again,the experts were wrong.Here comes the guy who solved the problem.20 years after finishing the first microcomputer BASIC,Paul Allen's returning to Albuquerque for a celebration of that event.This time with his fifteen million dollar jet and three foot red carpet. At a time when I was killing brain cells,this guy was founding an empire.He has come to eat rubber chicken in honor of the Altair's 20th anniversary.Allen co=founded Microsoft with is younger buddy from high school,Bill Gates.One day in Boston in Harvard Square,I uncovered Popular Electronics with this thing that looked like what I've been imagining.So I grabbed it off the shelf,I looked at it, bought it and ran back to Bill's dorm,and I think he was probably playing poker that night,usually money at that point,,,Paul showed that to me,then ok,here's a company that would be needing software,And he said ok,we got to called these guys up and see if this thing's for real.We realized that things are starting to happen,and because we had a vision for a long time of where this chip could go.What it could mean,That didn't mean the industry was going to wait for us while I stayed and finished my degree at Harvard.So called up Ed and we told him we've got this BASIC for your machine and it's not that far from being done,and we'd like to come out and show it to you .So we created this BASIC interpreter,Paul took the paper tape and flew out.in fact,the night before,he got some sleep while I double checked everything to make sure that we had it alright (I)had no idea what it's really like to run the software,it's never been ran on an actual computer before.He was very nervous about whether this would actually work,and got to the office and we all gathered around and he put his fingers on the switches,and he loaded BASIC in with paper tape,into the Altair.I was so nervous...and it worked.And it came up and it could do a few little simple things.And it was amazing when Paul called me up and said the thing worked the first time.And of course it was incredibly fast...And it printed out memory size and I think Bill said,"It printed something!"That was unbelievable,the fact that it really worked was a breakthrough.Maybe there wouldn't be a Microsoft if the screen hadn't come alive,who knows,it might have quite different.。
云南省云南民族大学附属高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月考试(二)英语试题
云南省云南民族大学附属高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月考试（二）英语试题一、听力选择题1．Where is the woman going?A．The bus station.B．The café.C．The bookshop.2．What does the man choose to eat at last?A．The steak.B．The eggs and rice.C．Thai chicken and rice. 3．What’s the probable relationship between Mike and the man?A．Teacher and student.B．Classmates.C．Father and son.4．What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．The Paris Olympics.B．The men’s 10,000 meters.C．The athletes’ improvement.5．Why did the man become a doctor?A．He wanted to be rich.B．He was influenced by someone.C．His father made the decision for him.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6．What can we know about the man?A．He never buys things on the Internet.B．He will probably get the same kind of raincoat.C．He doesn’t know how to avoid the shipping fee.7．What did the woman buy for herself?A．A raincoat.B．A piece of soap.C．A blouse.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
通用学术英语听说_云南大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
通用学术英语听说_云南大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.What are the three things carried in stressed words？参考答案:This (as opposed to That)._Strong feelings._Changing the subject.2.What can tone of voice do?参考答案:Convey your moods._Convey your perspective._Convey your emotions.3.In a _____ presentation, you are required to produce a visual summary of yourresearch on a poster and talk about it.参考答案:poster4.Your poster should be mainly visual, meaning you should usegraphs,maps,illustrations and photos.参考答案:正确5.Inseminar or tutorial discussions, you are supposed to discuss a topic with ateacher and a small number of other students.参考答案:正确6.What are you expected to do in a seminar?参考答案:Present a summary of some readings you have done._Discuss thecontent of a lecture that you attended._Do problem-solvingexercises._Discuss the assigned readings.7.When asking a rhetorical quesiton, the speaker does expect an answer fromthe audience.参考答案:错误8.______ before emphasizing an important word or concept is an effective wayto improve tone of voice.参考答案:Pausing9.Which of the following is not a feature of a good opening?参考答案:The presenter thanks the audience for their patience.10.What are the requirements for preparing a presentation?参考答案:Adjusting the content according to the giventime._Planning delivery._Rehearsing your presentation._Considering your audience.11.What techniques can you use to end your presentation naturally?参考答案:Giving the audience a chance to ask questions._Thanking youraudience._Giving a clear summary of the main points._Restating the purpose of your talk.12.It is better to speakand use______ than to speak and use text.参考答案:images13.The best way to improve your performance is to practice your presentationaloud as often as possible.参考答案:正确14.Do not be afraid to pause during your presentation.参考答案:正确15.How can we engage our audience?参考答案:Use inclusive language._Show your opinion._Use natural and spoken language._Learn to emphasize.ing _____ language to signal the speaker if you want to interrupt politely.参考答案:body17.Answering questions partially is a general technique for answering questions.参考答案:正确18.What are the features of on-the-spot questions?参考答案:Unpredictability._Timeliness._Extensiveness.19. A reading speaker is interesting for the audience.参考答案:错误20.When the chairperson makes a complementary introduction about thespeaker, it is better for the speaker to express thanks to the chairperson.参考答案:正确21.Which is the first approach used in the video What Will Happen If You Do NotSleep in Lecture 7.1?参考答案:Chronological sequence.22.Which approach is often used to describe the position, structure, or three-dimentional relationship of objects?参考答案:Spatial relation.23.How many approaches are metioned in Lecture 7.1?参考答案:Developing a speech in chronological sequence._Developing a speech using other devices._Developing a speech by induction /deduction._Developing a speech according to a spatial relation.24.Deduction approach means developing your presentation from abstract toconcrete.参考答案:正确25.The second step in the Five Step Process is to gather your _______.参考答案:information26.What are the functions of asking questions?参考答案:Trigger a debate._Show interest._Obtain an answer._Gain possiblesolutions to a problem.27.What does "con" stand for?参考答案:Arguments against something.28.Which of the following expressions areexpressions to signal the topic of alecture？A.Today, I’m going to talk about …B. We’ll look at …C. Now let me illustrate... D. Let me start with …参考答案:Today, I’m going to talk about …_We’ll look at …_Let me start with …29.The two techniques you can use to make predications before a lecutreare_________ and common sense.参考答案:background knowledge30.It will be very helpful if you could list some questions about a lecture beforegoing to it .参考答案:正确31.What is NOT a good way to attract the audience's attention ?参考答案:Greeting the audience.32.What is the audience's first response while they are listening to an academiclecture?参考答案:Thinking of the theme.33.What are the expressions used to show the structure of a lecture?参考答案:Today, we will first talk about...and then discuss..._First, we will look at..., then ..., and finally we will talk about..._Today we will cover 3 reasons...34. A good way to show the structure of your lecture is by saying " In this talk, Iwill first note ... . Secondly, I will suggest..." .参考答案:正确35." Meanwhile, I will try to briefly introduce the ....." can show the audience thestructure of an academic lecture.参考答案:正确36.What is a typical language pattern when introducing backgroundinformation ？参考答案:As we have already seen,...37.Non-verbal communication, such as gestures and _______ can also help usrecognize the main ideas in lectures.参考答案:facial expressionsing shorthand can greatly improve note-taking efficiency.参考答案:正确39.Two formats of note are column form and ____________.参考答案:outline form40.What dose "pro" stand for ?参考答案:Arguments in favor of something.41.Which of the following expressions is NOT used to show cause and effect?参考答案:A major event.42.Which of the following expressions is NOT used to show addition?参考答案:In contrast to.43.Signal words are like signposts, guiding the listerners through lectures andshowing the connection of ideas.参考答案:正确44.The six categories of commonly used signal words are : emphasis, illustration,cause and effect, addition, _____ or sequence of events and comparison andcontrast.参考答案:process。
云南大学 专业英语听力 Nerds1(下)字幕带译文
Memory sizeAfter the demo succeeded,Bill forgot about about finishing university.Afraid of missing his chance to dominate the new industry,he joined Allen what was then the center of worse micro-computing research,among the sleazy bars and gas stations of Albuquerque,New Mexico.And they lived across the street from MITS in the Sundowner motel,and the prostitutes and the drug dealers are out on the corner,and they were writing BASIC for the Altair computer and gradually they actually started Microsoft here in Albuquerque.We hired some of our high school friends basically to come down and stay with us in out apartment which became very crowded.We were pretty young,we started when I was 19,so we just had a lot of energy.They worked really hard,they listened to really loud music,I couldn't stand to go to the software room sometimes because the music banging off the walls,mostly acid rock.We usually go out and eat pizza and then go out and watch action movies.They would work all night long,and there were days when Bill Gates would be sleeping on the floor in the software lab....all sitting on tables around the apartment with stacks and stacks of paper writing the BASIC for the...I still know the source code by heart,that was a work of love,we just kept tuning and tuning tat thing,and that king of craftsmanship paid off.BASIC let Altair be used for both fun stuff and real work.People attached terminals to the computer and began writing games,word processors and accounting programs.Most of us didn't notice,but soon there was a thriving industry for enthusiasts.By the end of 1975,dozens of other companies were building micro-computers.We created an industry,and I think that goes completely unnoticed.There was nothing,every aspect of the industry,whether software,hardware,or application,you name it,it was all done at MITS.It was a wild time,it was a very exciting time.At the very were doing,what they're excited about to other companies.Like processor technology or inside command codes,got going as add-on companies. These companies are long forgotten,but they were the humble beginnings of the PC industry Lift in the hands of those early hobbyist,the PC might have never made it to the shopping mall.Reaching the wider market required a different type of vision.Enter the flower children of California,who thought the PC was,well,groovy. Remember the 60's happened in the early 70's right,so we'd have to remember that.So that's when I came of age,so I saw a lot of this,and to me...The spark of that,was that there was something beyond sort of what you see everybody. It's the same thing that causes people to want to be poets instead of bankers,And I think that's a wonderful thing,and I think that same spirit can be put into products.And those products can be manufactured and be given to people and they can sense that spirit.Out of this creative show and tell came Apple computer.The first mass market PC company.The Apple founders,a couple of recent graduates from Homestead High,were regulars at Homebrew meetings.Steve Wozinak was the technical wizard,and Steve Jobs was the visionary who saw microcomputers as a possible business.The first Apple computer was primitive.It was cobbles together by Woz to impress his friends at the Homebrew meeting.Everybody was interested in computers,so I start getting a crowd around me Because even though I was too shy to raise my hand and say anything at a club meeting after the club meeting,I would put my computer that I had built,and every week it had a little bit more workingon it too.But I would set it down and let people type on the keyboard and would explain what's in it.If they came up to me ask a question,I can answer,you know,now-a-days,I would have the ability to tell them what it is and you know,be a little bit more promotional,but back then I could only answer questions that they ask me,but I got a group that started gathering around me.And Steve Jobs saw that I had a lot of interest around me at the club and he said,let's start selling it,and let's make this company,came up with the name Apple and that's how it started.The Apple one was even less of a computer than the Altair.A single circuit board that came with neither a case nor a keyboard.Still,Steve Jobs managed to sell 50 Apple ones.That experience showed Jobs that was a market for a real computer,the Apple 2.It was very clear to me,that while there was a bunch of hardware hobbyists that could assemble there own computers or at least take our board and add the transformers,the power supply and the case the keyboard and go get the rest of the stuff.For every one of those,there,were a thousand people who couldn't do that but wanted to mess around with programming,software hobbyist.Just like I had been when I was 10, discovering that computer.And so my dream for the Apple 2 was to sell first real package computer.Steve Job's dream was impossible,it needed too many chops,making the product too complicated and expensive to build.But Woz didn't know it was impossible.And then I got into a way...why have a memory for your TV screen and memory for your computer,make'em one.And that shrunk the chips down,and I shrunk the chips here...and why not take these timing circuits,I look through the manuals and found a chip that did it in one chip instead of five,and reduced that...one thing after another after another happened,I wound up with so few chips, when I was done I said...Hey,computer that you could program,generated color patterns on a screen,or data or words,or play games,or anything.And it was just a computer I wanted for myself,pretty much.And it had turned out so good,he said,"I think we have a computer we could sell a thousand a month of."How can you sell a thousand,a month,you know?But we needed some money for tooling the case and things like that.We needed a few hundred thousand dollars...That was a lot of money for two people who had nothing in their lives to speak of,didn't have a four hundred dollar bank account.So I went looking for some venture capital.A scruffy 19 year old seduced the conservative world of venture capitalists.The man Jobs persuaded to part with his cash was Arthur Rock,the inventor of venture capital,and the man who had originally funded Intel.At least the Intel boys had graduated from university and owned suits.Well,he wore sandals and had very long hair and beard and mustache,but very articulate ...at one time in his life, it was probably when I first met him,he ate nothing but fruit.So as a main line venture capitalist,is this....this is not the norm.With money in hand,and under occasional adult supervision from an ex-Intel manager named Mike Markala, Woz and Jobs finished the Apple 2 and ordered a local factory to build one thousand machines.Two years past between the Altair and the Apple 2.And in that time,a lot of things have changed,we went from a computer that was designed or hobbyists and engineers and certainly looked like a piece of test equipment,to a computer that looked like a piece of computerelectronics,and we can thank Steve Jobs for that.His sense of design demanded the structural from case be used for the Apple 2,the first cade of its type on a personal computer,not that there wasn't good engineering inside either.The Apple 2 was a model of efficient engineering.Here's the floppy disk drive controller for example.There are 8 chips here where their previously would've been 35.This is an amazing bit of engineering that we could attribute to Steve Wozinak,who was certainly,the Mozart of digital design.And all told,it turned the Apple 2 into a sensation.The Apple 2 was launched at Jim Warren's west Coast Computer Fair,one of the first big microcomputer show.The 1978 show drew thousands of attendees and dozens of exhibitors.Many of them members of the Homebrew computer club,which spawned the early microcomputer companies.But there was only one company showing something that looked like a modern personal computer,right by the entrance,in a prime spot negotiated by Steve Jobs,sat the Apple 2,it mesmerized all who saw it.My recollection was we stole the show,and a lot of dealers and distributors started lining up...we were off and running.How old were you ?...21Following the West Coast Computer Faire,the next two years were ones of explosive growth for Apple.With thousands of customers arriving on the doorsteps os the tiny office in Cupertino,California.Sales and profit grew so quickly that Apple had more money than the company could spend,and the company was very young.The founders were in their twenties and some employees were even younger.Like 14 year old Chris Espinosa who never left,he still works at Apple,almost 20years later.There would be public demonstrations of our product every Tuesdays and Thursdays afternoon at three o'clock.And that was good cause it was after school,so I would get out of my Sophomore,Junior year of high school.I would ride my little moped down to the Apple offices.At three o'clock I'd give demonstrations of the Apple 2.When we were in the office,it was jokes and wiring up people's phones to do weird things,everyone of us,I mean,there was a person at Apple for a couple of years that was super serious,we were lucky,we had the hot product of it's day.And some of the people I did original demos to came up to me years later and said,I founded a hundred million dollar chain of computer stores based on the demo you showed me one Tuesday afternoon at Apple,its really fun.It went so successful that all of a sudden,Steve and I wouldn't have to worry about work for the rest of our lives,and then it got even more successful more successful after that,and it was sort of a shock .The Apple 2 set a new standard for personal computers and showed there was real money to be made.Rival companies popped up all over,but the market was still hobbyists,guys with big beards who thought a good use for their computer was controlling a model train set.But for microcomputers to be taken seriously they had to start doing things that needed doing.Functions that were useful,not just for fun.The enthusiasts market has its limits,to reach the rest of us,the Apple 2 needed what the nerds call a killer applications.Software that's so useful that people will buy computers just to run it.For the Apple 2,this application was call Visicalc.It came straight from the blackboards of the Harvard business school.Ibvented by a graduate student,Dan Bricklin and his programmer friend Bob Frankston,Visical was the first electronic spreadsheet.A spreadsheet is a tool for financial planning,brining together for the first time,the seduction of money with the power of micro-computing.Dan Bricklin's professor at Harvard showed how companies used a grid of numbers on a blackboard to work out profits and expenses.The trick to a spreadsheet is all the values in the table are related to the others.So changes in one year would ripple through the table affecting prices and profits in subsequent years.Students were asked to calculate how future profits would be affected by various business scenarios.It was called running the numbers and they did it laboriously by hand.Because each value was linked to the others,one mistake could mean disaster.Dan,who had worked as a programmer,started daydreaming about how he can use a computer to replace the tedious hand calculations.I imagined that there was a magic blackboard that did word processing like word wrapping,if you make a change to a word,it pulls everything back.Why not recalculate the same way,so that if I changed my number,I should've used ten percent instead of twelve percent,I'd just put it in and it would recalculate everything and go through it...and that would become the idea of an electronic spreadsheet.Following a model that common today,Dan Bricklin designed the program,but got his friend Bob Frankston to write the actual computer code.After months of programming late at night when computer time was cheaper,The Harvard business school blackboard came to lift.People who saw it and went and got it,like an accountant,I remember showing it to one here,and he started shaking and said,that's what I do all week,I can do it in an hour,and they would take their credit cards and shove it into their face.You have to remember what it was like in those days,we did not use the word spreadsheet because nobody know what spread sheet was.I came up with the name Visible Calculator or VIsical because we want to emphasis that aspect.Visicalc hit the market in October 1979,selling for one hundred dollars.Marv Goldschmitt sold the first copy at his computer store in Bedford,Massachusetts. After a slow start,Visical took off. What it did in our society,it gave people who were obsessed with numbers,whether they were a business or at home.How much am I worth today,how much is my stock portfolio worth,how am I doing with my budget on this project.It gave them the ability to play with scenarios and changes and say what if I do this.So it put people in a sense of control of the thing lots of people in society feels is driving them,and that's numbers.The spreadsheet was every businessman's crystal ball.It answered all those what-if questions.What if I fired the engineering department,what if I invest ten million dollars in pantyhose futures.Look,I'd be rich in under a year and have slimmer thighs at the same time,the computer says so.The effect of the spreadsheet was enormous.Armed with a Apple 2 running Visical,24 year old MBA with 2 pieces of dobious data could convince his corporate manager to allow him to loot the corporate manager to allow him to loot the corporate pension fund and do a leverage buy.It was the perfect tool for the 80's,the Me decade,when money was everything and greed was good.In 5 years,the PC had gone from being a hobbyist toy to an engine that shaped the times we lives in.Thanks to Visicalc,the Apple 2 made history.Everybody we talked to just seemed excited to talk about what we were doing.And there was huge media explosion,kind of like the internet we are seeing today,of this is the happening things.We read about it over and over and over,every time we took an airplane,you read about them.Every newspaper every week,you'd read something about small computers coming, Apple was one of the highlight companies,so we were being portrayed as a leader of a revolution and we really felt we were a leader of a revolution,we were going to change life a lot.内存的大小演示成功后,比尔忘了关于完成大学。
云南大学软件学院专业英语听力期末考试2010年试卷
云南大学软件学院专业英语听力期末考试2010年试卷第一篇：云南大学软件学院专业英语听力期末考试2010年试卷Tony出卷Part IListen to the audio for each question.Determine which lecture the audio came from and write the letter that corresponds to the answer on the space provide below.Each answer may be used more than once.Each question will be repeated twice before continuing to the next question.This entire section will be repeated twice.(2 point per question, 20 points total)A.Creation of the ComputerB.NerdsC.How the Internet worksD.Pirates of Silicon Valley1._______6._______ 2._______7._______ 3._______8._______ 4._______9._______ 5._______ 10._______ Part IIListen to both statements I and II for each question.Determine which statement is related to the concept stated in the question.Choose the SINGLE correct answer in the space provided.Each answer may be used more than once.Each question will be repeated twice before continuing to the next question.This entire section will be repeated twice.(2 point per question, 20 points total)A.I onlyB.II onlyC.Both I and IID.None of the above/ 6-1.________What is a G U I.2.________The purpose of a proxy.3.________Reasons why Macintosh did not sell very well against IBM’s PC.4.________Mainframe Computers.5.________Apple’s Killer Application.6.________Charles Babbage’s Machines.7.________A type of spreadsheetprogram.8.________The invention of the Microprocessor.9.________Hollerith’s tabulating machine.10.________Reason(s)why IBM entered the PC market.Part IIIBase your answers on the audio you’ve heard for each question.Answer question in the space provided as either T(True)or F(False).Each question will be repeated twice before continuing to the next question.This entire section will be repeated twice.(2 point per question, 20 points total)1.________Data packets are of different sizes.2.________Windows 95 is the biggest product launch in the history of the PC.3.________IBM made computers for large companies, not personal computers.4.________Xerox dominated the computer industry in the 1970’s.5.________The Macintosh was cheaper than the IBM PC.6.________Early computational tables were perfect without any mistakes.7.________Intel didn’t understand the power of their microprocessors at first.8.________There was a culture clash between IBM and Microsoft9.________Steve Jobs sold over a hundred Apple I computers.10.________Hollerith’s machine is capable of handling the railroad business.Part IVpoint per question, 40 points total Answer each of the following questions completely in the space provided in the following pages.Make sure the answer provided address all the sub questions.1.List the following their importance:UNIVAC, Colossus, Analytical Engine, ENIAC, Personal Computerse)c)b)a)d)2.Explain what Steve Ballmer meant by “Riding the Bear”:Who was the bear and whydo you need to ride it? What is a KLOC and why did Steve Ballmer have a problem with IBM using KLOCs?3.Please describe the functions and purpose of each of the following networkcomponents, be as complete as possible:Firewall –Proxy –Router –4.Please explain why IBM developed their own operating system OS/2? And why didMicrosoft agree to develop OS/2 for IBM?5.Write the name of the company the following people started and what was eachperson’s contribution to the PC revolution?Paul Allen – _______________;Steve Wozniak – _______________;Ed Roberts – _______________;6.What is the concept of a killer application?What was IBM’s killer application?What was Apple II’s ki ller application?7.What were the 3 things shown to Steve Jobs at PARC?And what does each of the 3 things do?c)b)a)8.Why did Steve Jobs want to develop the Macintosh? Why didn’t the Macintosh sellvery well against IBM’s PC? Why did Macintosh become popular?第二篇：云南大学软件学院2010年语言期末考试考点整理填空30分中断类型1bh时，中断向量内存地址是_______。
云南中医药大学学位英语考试真题
云南中医药大学学位英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Degree English ExamYunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a prestigious institution located in Kunming, Yunnan Province. Established in 1960, the university is known for its expertise in traditional Chinese medicine and has produced many notable doctors and researchers in the field. To ensure the quality of education and maintain high academic standards, the university conducts a degree English exam for its students.The degree English exam is a comprehensive test that evaluates students’ proficiency in the English language. It covers various aspects of language skills, including listening, reading, writing, and speaking. The exam is designed to assess students’ ability to communicate effectively in English, which is essential for their future careers in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.The exam consists of multiple-choice questions, short answer questions, and essay writing tasks. Students are required to demonstrate their understanding of English grammar, vocabulary, and comprehension skills. The listening section tests their ability to understand spoken English, while the reading section evaluates their reading comprehension skills. The writing section assesses their ability to express ideas clearly and effectively in written English.In addition to the written exam, students are also required to participate in a speaking test. This section of the exam evaluates their ability to speak fluently and coherently in English. Students are given a topic to discuss and are required to present their ideas confidently and convincingly.The degree English exam is a challenging test that requires thorough preparation and practice. It is an essential requirement for students studying at Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, as it helps them develop their English language skills and improve their communication abilities.Overall, the degree English exam at Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine plays a crucial role in ensuring the academic success of students and preparing them for future professional opportunities in the field of traditional Chinesemedicine. It is a significant assessment that reflects the university’s commitment to providing high-quality education and producing skilled professionals in the field.篇2Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Degree English ExamTime: 120 minutesPart One: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questionsTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history dating back thousands of years. It is a comprehensive and systematic medical system that includes various practices such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage, and dietary therapy. TCM focuses on balance and harmony within the body, viewing illness as a result of imbalance or disharmony.Questions:1. What are some practices included in Traditional Chinese Medicine?2. How does TCM view illness?3. How long has TCM been practiced?Part Two: Vocabulary and GrammarFill in the blanks with the correct word or phrase1. Acupuncture is the practice of inserting thin needles into specific _________ on the body.2. Herbal medicine uses __________ plants and herbs to treat various ailments.3. Massage therapy can help improve __________ circulation and reduce muscle tension.4. TCM emphasizes the importance of maintaining _________ within the body.5. Dietary therapy is based on the idea that food can be used as _________ medicine.Part Three: WritingWrite an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic:"The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Modern Healthcare"In recent years, Traditional Chinese Medicine has gained popularity around the world as an alternative andcomplementary form of healthcare. Discuss the benefits of TCM and how it can be integrated into modern healthcare systems. Share your thoughts and provide examples to support your viewpoint.Remember to use proper grammar, spelling, and punctuation in your essay.Part Four: SpeakingPrepare a 5-minute presentation on the topic of "The Five Elements in Traditional Chinese Medicine". Discuss the five elements (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water) and how they relate to health and wellness in TCM.Good luck on your exam!篇3Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Degree English ExamTime: 2 hours Total: 100 pointsPart I. Vocabulary and GrammarInstructions: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.1. The doctor advised me ________ more water to stay hydrated.A. drinkB. drinkingC. to drinkD. drunk2. He has been studying ________ a new job recently.A. atB. forC. inD. on3. I ________ to the concert if I had known that it was going to be cancelled.A. goB. would goC. wentD. would have gone4. I was surprised at how ________ the test was.A. easyB. easierC. easiestD. easily5. ________ is known to all, Traditional Chinese Medicine has a long history in China.A. WhatB. WhichC. AsD. ThatPart II. Reading ComprehensionInstructions: Read the following passages and answer the questions.Passage 1: Traditional Chinese MedicineTraditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a system of medicine that has been practiced in China for thousands of years. It includes treatments such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage, and dietary therapy. TCM is based on the principles of Yin and Yang, which describe how opposite forces areinterconnected and complementary. In TCM, health is believed to be a harmonious balance of these forces, and illness is thought to occur when the balance is disrupted.1. What is Traditional Chinese Medicine?2. What are the treatments included in TCM?3. What are the principles of Yin and Yang in TCM?Passage 2: AcupunctureAcupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that originated in China. It involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to stimulate energy flow and promote healing. Acupuncture is used to treat a variety of conditions, including chronic pain, stress, and digestive disorders. Many people find acupuncture to be a safe and effective treatment option.1. Where did acupuncture originate?2. How does acupuncture work?3. What conditions can acupuncture treat?Part III. WritingInstructions: Write an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic: "The Importance of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Modern Healthcare."In your essay, you should discuss:- The history and principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine- The benefits of incorporating TCM into modern healthcare- Examples of how TCM is being used in healthcare todayRemember to use specific examples and evidence to support your arguments.Good luck on the exam!。
大理大学学位英语考试真题2023年
大理大学学位英语考试真题2023年全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1大理大学学位英语考试真题2023年2023年的大理大学学位英语考试真题是什么样的呢？以下是今年考试的一部分真题：听力部分：听录音，回答以下问题。
1. What is the woman’s name?A) SusanB) AmyC) HelenD) Linda2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A) In a supermarketB) In a libraryC) In a restaurantD) In a hotel3. What are the speakers talking about?A) A movieB) A bookC) A partyD) A school project阅读部分：阅读下面短文，回答问题。
As we all know, education plays a crucial role in shaping a person’s future. However, the traditional education system has been criticized for being too rigid and inflexible, failing to meet the diverse needs of students.One alternative is personalized learning, a model which tailors teaching methods and content to individual students’ needs and interests. This approach allows students to learn at their own pace and in a way that suits their learning style. Research has shown that personalized learning can lead to better academic outcomes and higher student engagement.However, some critics argue that personalized learning can exacerbate educational inequality, as not all students have access to the same resources and opportunities. Others worry that personalized learning may replace traditional teaching methods entirely, leading to a loss of important skills such as critical thinking and collaboration.4. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The importance of educationB) The benefits of personalized learningC) The criticisms of traditional educationD) The challenges of personalized learning5. According to the passage, what are the potential drawbacks of personalized learning?A) Educational inequality and a loss of important skillsB) Increased academic outcomes and higher student engagementC) Limited access to resources and opportunitiesD) A rigid and inflexible education system写作部分：请根据以下话题，写一篇短文。
云南大学专业英语听力Nerds3字幕
云南大学专业英语听力Nerds3字幕It comes down to trying to expose yourself to the best things that humans have done.And then try to bring those things in to what you're doing.And Picasso has a saying,"Good artists copy, great artist steal" And we have always been shameless about stealing great ideas.And I think part of what made the Macintosh great was the people working on it.were musicians,and poets,and artists,and zoologists,and historians.who also happens to be the best computer scientists in the world.With delusions of grandeur running rampant Apple created a Hollywood style TV commercial.It symbolized how the friendly Mac would free us from the Orwellian tyranny of clunky IBM PCs, Despite the hype,by late 1984,the Mac sales were disastrous.In ad after ad,Apple desperately pointed out that the Mac was far easier to use than the IBM PC.But it sole for $2500, a thousand more than the IBM.And despite Job's best efforts in recruiting software makers likeBill Gates,applications were scarce.It didn't do very much,we had Mac paint and Mac write were our only applications.And the market started to figure this out. By the end of the year,people said,"Well,maybe the IBM PC isn't as easy to use,or not as attractive as the Macintosh,but it actually does something we want to be able to do,spreadsheets,word processing,and database.And so we started to see the sales of the Mac tail off towards the end of 1984.And that became a problem the following year.Cringley'sthird law of computing was right again,to succeed, a PC must have an application which alone justifies buying the whole box.The IBM PC had Lotus 123,the Mac needed its own killerapplication.WYSIWYG,another bunch of initials from the world of the nerds.What You See Is What You Get...so what's the big deal?Well,it turns out that it's very hard to print on paper exactly the same image you see on the computer screen.80%of pur brain is devoted to processing visual data,but that's not the same for computers. I've been here writing a letter to my mom andI'm singing it Bob...and when I tell it to print,what comes out is a "Bob" but certainly not the Bob I intended.Until someone invented a way to print exactly what was on the screen,GUI will be a lot of "houie"Apple's problem was the dot-matrix printer, it gave everything a typewriter quality.BUut salvation was at hand and once again it owed a lot to Xerox Parc.One of Parc's former brains,John Warnock,had invented a technology that allowed a laser printer to print exactly,precisely what was on your screen.He started a company called Adobe to market his invention.And what we had figured out how to do what no one had figured out how to do what no one had figured to do was drive laser printers.Within two or three weeks,we had cancelled our internal projects...and I had cut a deal with Adobe to use their software and webought 19.9% of Adobe at Apple.The investment paid off...The power of precise laser printed image and a user friendly GUI gave birth to a brand new business,desktop publishing.The spreadsheet had made us all accountants,now using breakthrough software,we could created fancy artwork, snappy looking note paper,even counterfeit money.The Mac had found it's killer application and would soon become the PC of choice for any creative business.The success of desktop of desktop publishing came too late for Apple's founder.In 1985,Mac sales was still flat but Jobs refused to believe the numbers.He simple behaved as if the Mac was a hot seller from thestart.The grandiose plans of what the Macintosh would be was just so far out of whack with the truth of what the product was doing.And the truth of what the product was doing was not horrible,it was salvageable,but the gap between the two was so unthinkable that somebody had to do something,and that somebody was John Scully.John Scully whom Jobs saw as his own creation presented the board with his strategy to save the company.The plan did not include Steve Jobs.The board had to make a choice and I said,"Look,It's Steve's company,I was brought in here to help.If you want him to run it that's fine with me,but we've got to at least decide what we're going to do,everyone's got to get behind it."But he took it as a personal attack,started attacking Scully,and which back himself into a corner because he was sure the board would support him and not Scully.And ultimately after the board talked toSteve and talked with me, the decision was we would go forward with my plan and Steve left.What can I say?I hired the wrong guy.And he destroyed everything I spent 10 years woeking for,starting with me,but that wasn't the saddest part.I would've gladly left Apple if Apple would've turned out the way I wanted it to.People in the company had very mixed feelings about it.Everyone's been terrorized by Steve Jobs as some point or another so there's a certain relier, that the terrorist would be gone,but on the other hand,there's incredible respect for Steve Jobs by the very same people.And we're all very worried what would happen to this company without the visionary,without the founder,without the charisma.Apple never recovered from losing Steve,Steve was the heart and soul and driving force.It's quite a different place today,they've lost their soul.The years after Steve Jobs left were the most profitable for Apple computer.The Apple people work hard,they play hard.They made the computer business look a beach party.And with a median age of 27,the company was very sexy too,maybe too secy...In this bizarre promo to inspire their sales force, Apple stressed the Mac's ease of use could liberate the pathetic of the IBM PC.With improvement to the hardware and the boom in desktop publishing,Mac production went into overdrive.By 1987,Apple was selling a million a year,IBM numbers,The Macminted money,half its $2000 price was pure profit.Apple arrogantly assumed their stuff was so good,consumers would always pay a premium forit,big mistake.The Mac really ought to have won the battle for the desktop,Ok,it was more expensive than an IBM PC.but if what you wanted was a friendly,easy to use system,surely everyone wanted that,then thisis the only game in town,at least that's what the boys at Apple thought.But they weren't reckoning on one man,Bill Gates.Gates saw the Mac's GUI represented a long term threat to Microsoft's money machine.To DOS,the clunky operating system that sat inside every IBM PC.So Bill had his boys create a GUI that sat on top of DOS rather like building afancy facade on an old building.They called it Windows and it wasn't much at first, but it was good enough to defend the DOS franchise.February or March of 1984 which was just after the Apple/Macintosh had been introduced.and that point in time,we were firmly convinced that we need to bet on GUI.First with the Macintosh and then with Windows.At Microsoft,it was often a long and frustrating struggle to find a GUI solution that challenged the Mac.For years,teams at Microsoft salved in their windowless offices to build Windows,refreshed by endless supply of free soda.And I was the development manager for Windows 1.0,we kept slogging and slogging,and it took us about 7 versions,it takes a few version to get it right before 1990.Windows may have been a joke compared to the Mac,but Gates' persistent.Slowly it gotbetter and the guys at Apple got worried. As each new feature appeared on the Windows GUI,the more they thought Microsoft was copyingthe features on the Mac.So finally they sued Microsoft, accusing them in a long legal battle of stealing the look and feel of Apple's GUI.The look and feel,which is how it looks,the experience of using it was not patentable but it was copyrightable.but it was copyrightable.But the was no precedent law,this was going to be a precedence setting case.But it was a period of 5 years where Microsoft,our whole strategy would've been ruined because Windows was very important to us.They weren't going to change anything,and they were going to get us to cave in or take us all the way to the Supreme count on this thing.We assumed the lawyers,the judges would all come to the right conclusion which eventually they did.And Apple lost,but in that period of about 6 years that this case was going on,it may have lulled us into a bit complacency thinking that we were going to be insulated from the Windows attack.The launch of Windows 3 in 1990,killed off Apple's hopes Macintosh would win the GUI war.The 6 year labor to produce a GUI that made IBM PCs and all the clones as easy to use as the Mac finally came up trumps.In ayear,Windows 3 sold close to 30 million copies,consigning the Mac to a niche in the market.Bill Gates' strategy won out.At every stage in the PC's development,he joined the leading hardware company,he carving out a dominate share for his product,made his software the industry standard.The original PC did advance us that we created the tools for that together,take Windows that we bet ourcompany on that...virtually everything that we've done when we first came out with it,there was a lot of skepticism.But most of the thing we really stuck with them and despite all that second guessing,we were able to pull them off.The problem was,the industry wasn't measured by who has the best selling personal computer,or who has the most innovate technology.The industry was measured by who had the most open system that was adopted by the most other companies.And the Microsoft strategyultimately turned out to be the better of the business strategy.The only problem with Microsoft is that they just have no taste,they have absolutely no taste and what that means is ,I don't mean that in a small way,I mean that in a big way,in the sense that they don't think of original ideas and they don't bring much culture into their products.And you say why is that important...proportionally spaced fonts comes from typesetting and beautiful books is where one gets the idea,If it weren't for the Mac,they would never have that in their products.And so I guess I am saddened not by Microsoft's success,I have no problems with their success,they've earned their success,for the most part.I have a problem with the fact that they just make really third rate products.I will admit,quite frankly that I think Windows today was probably 4 years behind where it would have been,had we not danced with IBM for so long,cause the amount of split energy,split work,split IQ in the company,really cost,our end customers,real innovation in our product line.And so whenever I hear these criticisms,I say to myself,just you watch,just you watch Windows 95,Windows...there's no luck of focus here in the last 3-4 years,we didn't have this big split with IBM,and I think even in the operating systems area,you'll see clear,and people will recognize clear leadership.We just keep making them better,we get millions of phone calls,we go out there to talk to customers,there's nothing cast in concrete,if people decide there's something that we shouldchange,we'd change it. It's a lot better than most industries inthat sense.I think the way that application user interface has advanced thelast decade,Microsoft hasthbeen at the forefront of very high percentage of that,and I think it's great stuff.On August 24,1995,Gates delivered the coup degras to his software rivals,Windows 95 combines the PC's operating system and it's graphical interface into one package,With a world wide promotional campaign costing 300 milliondollars,it looks set to become industry standard,supplanting Microsoft's old war horse,DOS.Cue the triumph of Bill,a software nerd is the richest man in the world.But even as Bull Gates bestrides the PC world like a Colossus,a head lies bigger battles.Battles that will make the trouncing of the Mac andmastering the IBM PC look like a tea party.The Gates fortune was built on setting the industry standard for PC operating systems.Fine as long as PCs are stand-alone boxed on your desk.But now they are being linked into a world wide network,the much hyped information superhighway.The PC on the internet is a mailbox,a telephone and television.The internet is the next wave of the information revolution where there is as yet,no industry standard.A world where even Bill Gates seems unsure.If you take the way the internet is changing month by month,if somebody could predict what's going to happen 3 month from now,9 months from now,even today...my hat's off to them,I think we've got phenomenon here that is moving so rapidly that nobody knows exactly where it will go.。
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云南民族大学学位英语听力2012年12月大学英语六级试题11、Q：What does the woman mean?she can lend the man a sleeping bag.她能借钱给男人一个睡袋12、Q:What does the woman mean?Karen can take her to the airport.凯伦可以带她去机场13、Q:What does the man mean?he can’t afford to go traveling yet.他负担不起去旅行14、Q:What do we learn from the conversation?the man has to find something else to eat.这个人不得不找别的东西吃15、Q:What does the man suggest the woman do?present a new letter of reference.提交新的介绍信16、Q:What can we infer about the man?he declines to join the gardening club.他拒绝加入园艺俱乐部17、Q:What does the woman mean?many people do not appreciate modern art.许多人不欣赏现代艺术18、Q:What does the woman mean?Bob cannot count on her vote.Bob不能指望她的投票19、Q:What does the woman complain about?the health hazard at her work place.在她工作的地方，健康受到威胁。
20、Q:What does the woman asked her supervisor to do?transfer her to another department.把她转调别的部门21、Q:What does the man say about the two federal laws?their requirements may be difficult to meet.法律规定的要求很难达到22、Q:What will the union do if the woman loses her job?try to help her get it back.努力帮她把工作要回来23、Q:When is a scientific approach best embodied（呈现）in a negotiation（谈判）according to the man?in the preparatory phase.在准备阶段24、Q:In what way is a negotiator like an actor according to the man?he bahaves in a way contrary to his real intention.做出与真实意图相反的行为25、Q:What does the man say about the two types of negotiator?both can succeed depending on the specific situation.根据具体场合，两者都可能有效2012年6月大学英语六级试题11、what can we learn from the conversation?A)the injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.伤势将会限制安娜在床上待好一阵子12、what does the woman mean?D)she can get a ballet ticket for the man.女士可以给男士一张芭蕾舞演出的票。
13、what does the man mean?B)he has to do other repairs first.他不得不先做其他的维修14、what is the man going to do?B)give his contribution some time later.过一段时间在捐份子钱。
15、what does the man suggest the woman do?D)tell Tony’s mother that she eats no meat.告诉托尼的母亲,她不吃肉类。
16、what are the speakers talking about?C)the coverage of newspapers.报纸的报道17、what are the speakers going to do?B)limit the number of participants in the conference.限制参加会议的参与者的数量18、what do we learn from the conversation?A)the apartment is still available.公寓仍然是可利用的，可出租的。
19、what is the purpose of Doctor Jarvis Bastian’s experiment?B)to see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other.看看海豚是否可以学会互相沟通20、what were the dolphins supposed to do when they saw the steady light?C)press the right-hand lever first.先按压右手边的杠杆。
21、how did the second stage of the experiment differ from the first stage?C)only one dolphin was able to see the light.只有一个海豚能够看到灯光。
22、where does this conversation most probably take place?A)in a resort town.在一个度假胜地23、what do we learn about modern Harrogate?A)it is an ideal place for people to retire to.它是人们退休后去的理想的地方。
24、what does the man say about the area called the Stray?D)it is protected as parkland by special law.它是由特殊法律保护的公园25、what attracts people most in the Stray during the spring time?A)the beautiful flowers.美丽的鲜花2011年12月大学英语六级真题11、what does the woman suggest the man do?D)listen to the recorded notes while driving.开车的时候听录好的笔记。
12、what do we learn from the conversation?C)the man lacks confidence in playing the part.对于扮演这一角色，这位男士缺乏信心。
13、what are the speakers talking about?A)arranging a bed for a patient.为病人安排一张床14、what does the man mean?B)he is too busy to accept more responsibility.他太忙了以至于不能再承担更多的责任。
15、what do we learn about James Meil?C)he has left his position in the government.他离开了在政府部门的职位。
16、what can we infer from this conversation?D)the man is well informed about the space shuttle missions.男士对太空航天飞行的情况很了解17、where does the conversation most probably take place?A)at a car renting company.在一个租车公司。
18、what did the man do over the weekend?B)he bought a stereo system.他买了一个立体的系统。
19、what kind of business is the man engaged in?B)selling products made for left-handers.卖给左撇子使用的产品。
20、what does the man say about his stock of products?D)most of them are specially made for his shop.大部分商品是为这个商店专门定做的。
21、what does the man say about other people in his line of business?D)they sell by mail order only.他们只通过邮购的方式来卖22、what do we learn about the man’s company?D)it runs sales promotion campaigns.搞商品促销的。
23、why was the campaign delayed according to the man?C)the woman’s company made last-minute changes.女士的公司在最后时刻做了调整。
24、what does the woman propose（建议）as a solution to the problem?D)cut the fee by half for this year.将今年的费用打五折。
25、what does the man suggest they do at the end of the conversation?C)stop negotiating for the time being.暂时停止谈判。