WC2008试题
2008-2011全国大学生英语竞赛c类真题及答案
2008 National English Contest for College Students(Level C--- Preliminary)Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 30 marks)Part II Vocabulary and Structures (10 minutes, 15 marks)There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices, marked A, B C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence, then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.31. They are looking for _______ man with _______ long dark hair. He is armed and dangerous.A. a; aB. the; aC. a; /D. /; the32. It was unfortunate, but she had no _____ but to act as she did.A. chance.B. opportunityC. optionD. solution33. The _____ driver thinks that accidents only happen to other people.A. generalB. usualC. commonD. average34. How did they manage to steal the V an Gogh? It was right ____ the security guard’s nose.A. belowB. beforeC. underD. beside35. The student ______ continuing his studies when he had to return to his home country unexpectedly.A. is consideringB. was consideringC. should considerD. has considered36. My friends and I enjoy doing many of the same things. In that respect, we have a lot _______.A. in similarB. in particularC. in commonD. in accordance37. Our planned visit to the United States _______ because we were unable to get the visas.A. fell overB. fell downC. fell throughD. fell on38. Lest anyone _____ it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.A. thoughtB. should thinkC. had thoughtD. thinking39. When Sally ______ the criminal ______ her house, she screamed at the top of her voice because she didn’t want ______.A. saw; enter; killedB. saw; enter; to be killedC. sees; entering; be killedD. sees; enter; killing40. Tina’s children, _____ all live nearby, organized a big party for her eightieth birthday.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. as41. Sometimes it is necessary to be careful _______ the right date to sit for a test.A. when choosingB. when you will chooseC. when you have chosenD. when you chose42. Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at the time _______.A. when he first introducedB. that he first introduced itC. he first introducedD. which he first introduced it43. ________ really. I like both public transport and driving.A. On second thoughtsB. I could go either wayC. I will never learn to driveD. But then again44. _____ I’m getting married!A. Can you keep a secret?B. Well I never!C. Many happy returns.D. Congratulations!45. --- So, do you know where you’d like to go?--- Actually, I’ve heard that it’s very expensive and it’s cold all the time.A. I beg your pardon?B. Y eah, but it’s not very good.C. Do you know any good hotels?D. Do you have any suggestions?Part III Reading Comprehension (20 minutes, 40 marks)Section A (4 marks)There is one passage in this section with 4 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B C and D. You should decide on the best choice, then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 46-49 are based on the following passage.Most sore throats are caused by an infection which treatment with antibiotics cannot cure. But with simple remedies the patient normally gets better in 4 or 5 days.Tonsillitis, however, usually starts with a sore throat which causes pain on swallowing. With children and some adults there may be a fever and the patient is obviously not feeling well. It may be possible to see white spots on the back of the throat. The neck may also swell, both of which are the normal response to infection.Sometimes a sore throat may occur with the common cold, and with influenza there may be dryness of the throat, pain on coughing and loss of voice.TREATMENTAspirin: To help relieve the pain on swallowing and (if there is one) the fever, use aspirin tablets dissolved in water, so that the patient can gargle before swallowing. Repeat the treatment every 4 hours.Drink: Encourage the patient to drink plenty of liquids.Food: Food should not be forced on a patient who does not want to eat.Steam: If there is pain in the throat on coughing, breathing in steam may help.CHILDRENY oung children, who may not be able to gargle, should be given aspirin dissolved in water every 4 hours at the right dose for their age.At one year: a single junior aspirin.At five years: half an adult aspirin.At eight years: one whole adult aspirin.WHEN TO SEE THE DOCTORIf the sore throat is still getting worse after 2 days.If the patient complains of earache.If the patient or parent is very worried.46. According to the passage, it would appear that most sore throats _________.A.require an immediate visit to a doctorB.respond quickly to treatment with an antibioticC.rarely turn out to be symptoms of serious illnessD.result in tonsillitis even when treated47. In order to treat a sore throat one should ________.A.prevent the patient from eating too muchB.give the patient up to 4 aspirin tablets every dayC.advise the patient to drink large amounts of liquidsD.make the patient gargle with hot liquids48. Y ou should call the doctor in if _________.A.swelling occurs in the region of the earsB.the patient’s condition worsens after 2 daysC.the patient’s throat is still sore after a weekD.the disease spreads to another member of the family49. What difference is there in the way adults and young children should be treated with aspirin?A.Y oung children should not be allowed to gargle with it.B.Adults should be given tablets to swallow whole.C.Y oung children should be given aspirin more often than adults.D.Adults should be given larger doses of aspirin than children.Section B (14 marks)There is one passage in this section with 10 questions. Go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 50-55, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 56-59, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.In 1945 leaders from 51 countries met in San Francisco, California, and organized the United Nations (often called the UN). World War II had just ended. Millions of people had died, and there was destruction everywhere. People hoped they could build a future of world peace through this new organization.The United Nations has four main goals and purposes:1.To work together for international peace and to solve international problems;2.To develop friendly relations among nations;3.To work together for human rights for everyone of all races, religions, and of both sexes;4.To build a center where nations can work together for these goals.Today almost every country in the world is a member of the UN. Each country has signed an agreement that says:1. All members are equal.2. All members promise to solve international problems in a peaceful way.3. No member will use force against another member.4. All members will help the UN in its actions.5.The UN will not try to solve problems within countries except to enforce international peace.Obviously, the United Nations has not been completely successful in its goals. There have been several wars since 1945. However, the organization has helped bring peace to some countries that were at war. It has helped people who left their countries because of wars. It has helped bring independence to colonies.The main United Nations organization is in New Y ork City, but the UN has a ―family‖ of other related organizations all over the world. These organizations try to provide a better life for everyone. One example is UNICEF, an organization that provides food, medical care, and many other services for poor children wherever they live. Another example is the World Health Organization, which develops medical programs all over the world.There are thousands of UN workers in developing countries. They work as planners to increase production in farming and industry. They provide medical services, improve education programs, and spread scientific information. They develop programs that provide jobs and better living conditions. They help countries control their population growth.The United Nations also holds large international conferences, where people meet to discuss important world issues. One conference was about the uses and ownership of oceans. Another was about women. There are also International Y ears. In these special years, people work together to improve situations and solve problems. One year was the International Y ear of the Child.For centuries countries have fought each other, and powerful countries have taken control of weaker ones. It is very difficult to persuade nations to live together in peace. Nevertheless, the United Nations is attempting to do this. It is the only organization that unites the world in the search for peace.In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questions in as few words as possible (not more than 10 words). Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 60-64 are based on the following passage.A language is a system of sounds, gestures, or characters used by humans to communicate their ideas and feelings. There are about 4,000 spoken languages in the world. Some are spoken by millions of people. Other languages have only a few speakers.All languages have rules for forming words and for ordering those words in sentences. In written languages, meaning is expressed through a system of characters and rules for combining those characters. In spoken languages, meaning is expressed through a system of sounds and rules for combining those sounds. Many deaf people use sign languages, in which gestures do the work of the sound system of spoken languages.Word order is more important in English than it is in some other languages, such as Russian. The sound system is very important in Chinese and in many languages spoken in West Africa.Languages are always changing, but they change very slowly. People invent new words for their language, borrow words from other languages, and change the meanings of words as needed. For example, the English word byte was invented by computer specialists in 1959. the English word tomato was borrowed from Nahuatl, and American Indian language spoken in Mexico. The English word meat once referred to food in general.There are several major language families in the world. The languages in each family are related, and scientists think they came from the same parent family. Language families come in different sizes. The Austronesian family contains at least 500 languages, including Pilipino, Malay, and Maori. The Basque language, spoken in northern Spain, is the only member of its language family.The Indo-European language family contains 55 languages, including Eng lish, German, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi.Another language family is Sino-Tibetan, which includes Chinese, Burmese, and Tibetan. The Afro-Asiatic family includes Arabic, Hebrew, and Amharic. There are about 150 American Indian languages spoken today. These languages have many differences and have been divided into more than 50 language families.People learn languages by listening, copying what they hear, and using the language. Most children learn their first languages easily, and sometimes other languages as well. Adults often must work harder at learning a second language.Questions:In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in each of the spaces, 65-70. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 65-70 are based on the following passage.Welcome to “Software World” --- bringing you the very latest information on what is currently available on CD-ROM. Are you a director or producer looking for an unusual actor to play a part in a new movie project, or with that special look for a new commercial on TV? OK. The usual procedure would be to contact a theatrical agency, who would try and sell you the idea of using one of the actors listed on their books. Books? Tooold-fashioned for you? Then get yourself a copy of this latest electronic database called “The Electronic Curtain”.The brainchild of casting agent Fred Harkney of the Better Talent Agency, he says he got the idea of an actor’s directory from his son playing computer games. Noting that junior had to type in the details of the characters in his favorite game, he realized he could do the same for the actors he represents. Eventually, he came to include information on nearly three quarters of the approximately 34,000 actors registered and looking for work in Britain. With some theatrical agencies boasting that they represent over 500 performers, the need for this product is not hard to fathom. It can be a nightmare trying to remember just which actor has done what, or just what an actor can do. The database lists details of over 5,500 actors: TV shows they have appeared in, special skills they possess --- everything down to the color of their eyes and other distinguishing physical features. By entering the details of the type of person you are looking for, the database quickly locates only those persons with the particular qualities requested.One problem though, is that many actors feel it is too impersonal, and they could be missing out on much needed auditions for parts in theatrical shows. On the other hand, it might just get them that elusive job. The days of nervous nail-biting while waiting around to give an audition could well and truly be over. And all because of a small plastic disk. For product details ring this number now: 0171-379-60000.Summary:Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 marks)Section A (5 marks)There are 5 blanks in the passage. Use the word given on the right-hand side to form a word that fits in eachblank. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Section B (10 marks)There are 10 blanks in the passage. For each blank, one or more letters of the word have been given (not exceeding 3 letters). Read the passage below and decide which word best fits each blank, using only one word in each word in each blank. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.True relaxation is most certainly not a matter of flopping down in front of the television with a welcome drink. Nor is it about drifting into an exhausted sleep. Useful though these responses to tension and over-tiredness (76) mi_______ be, we should distinguish between them and conscious relaxation in (77) te_____ of quality and effect. Regardless of the level of tiredness, real relaxation is a state of alertness, yet, at the same (78) t______, passive awareness, in which our bodies are (79) a________ rest while our minds are awake.Moreover, it is as natural for a healthy person to be relaxed when moving as resting. (80) Be_____ relaxed in action means we bring the appropriate energy to everything we do, (81) W______ needs to be rediscovered is conscious relaxation. With this in (85) m______ we must apply ourselves to understanding stress and the nature of its causes, however deep-seated. Part V Translation (15 minutes, 15 marks)Section A (8 marks) Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet. After my mother passed away, my dad tried even harder to stay healthy and active. Every morning, until the weather turned too cold, he swam in the turquoise pool in the complex where he lived. (86) Each day, no matter how he felt, he swam one more lap than the previous day, just to prove there was always room for improvement. Every few days he reported the new number of laps to me, pride edging his voice.By his late seventies, in spite of swimming and working six days a week, my dad had noticeably dwindled in strength and energy. By age eighty-one he was in poor health and had to retire. (87) He pretended he didn’t need to lean heavily on me for support as we walked slowly, and I pretended not to notice. His mind was clear, but conges tive heart problems and disabling arthritis had worn him down. One day he said, “In case of an emergency, I do not wish to be kept alive by any extraordinary means. I’ve signed an official paper to this effect.” He smiled his wonderful, broad grin and said, “I’ve been blessed to have had your mother as my wife and you as my only child, and I’m ready to go.”Less than a month later he had a heart attack. In the emergency room, he again reminded his doctor and me of his wishes, but I couldn’t imagine, in spite of this latest crisis, that he wouldn’t always be saying, “Have I told you yet today that I adore you?”(88) He was miserable in intensive care; tubes seemed to come from every opening. But my dad still had his sense of humor, asking me, “Does this mean we can’t keep our lunch date tomorrow?” His voice faltered.“I’ll be here to pick you up and we’ll go someplace special,” I answered, a lump in my throat.(89) Dad refused to look at me for the first time in his life and turned toward the blank green wall next to his hospital bed. There was a painful silence between us. He said, “I don’t want you to remember me like this. Promise me you won’t, darling! And please go now --- I’m so miserable.Section B (7 marks)Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.90. 她在阳光下只晒了一会儿，脸就开始变红了。
2008年9月全国计算机等级考试二级笔试试卷_详细解答
2008年9月全国计算机等级考试二级笔试试卷C语言程序设计（考试时间90分钟，满分100分）注意：解答中所提到的教材是新视野教育培训使用的教材《全国计算机等级考试--二级教程》，此教材是由新视野教学组编写，中国地质大学出版社出版。
详情可联系长沙新视野0731--44582501）栈的初始状态为空。
现将元素1、2、3、4、5、A、B、C、D、E依次放入栈，然后再依次出栈，则元素的顺序是：A) 12345ABCDE B) EDCBA54321C) ABCDE12345 D) 54321EDCBA答案：B详细解答：该知识点是考查了栈的先进后出，是我们公共基础的重点考点，在公共基础的10页纸上多次强调。
栈和队列是每年必考的题目。
此题与对应教材第三分册81页14题。
2)下列叙述中正确的是A)循环队列有对头和对尾两个指针，因此，循环队列是非线性结构B)在循环队列中，只需要队列头指针就能够反映队列中元素的动态变化情况C)在循环队列中，只需要队列头指针就能够反映队列中元素的动态变化情况D)循环队列中的元素的个数是有队头和队尾指针共同决定的。
答案：D详细解答：该知识点是考查了循环队列的知识点，队列是线性结构。
处理队列的话我们是有两个指针的，一个是头指针，一个是尾指针。
此题与对应教材第三分册81页10题。
(类似)3) 在长度为ｎ的有序线性表中进行二分查找，最坏的情况下需要比较的次数是A)O(ｎ)B)O(ｎ2) C)O(log2n) D)O(nlog2n)答案：C详细解答：该知识点是考查了二分查找。
二分查找：对于长度为ｎ的线性表，在最坏情况进行log2n次。
此题与对应教材第三分册83页32题。
4)下列叙述中正确的是A)顺序存储结构的存储一定是连续的，链式存储结构的存储空间不一定是连续的。
B)顺序存储结构只针对线性结构，链式存储结构只针对非线性结构。
C)顺序存储结构能存储有序表，链式存储结构不能存储有序表。
D)链式存储结构比顺序存储结构节省空间。
2008-2011年全国大学生英语竞赛初赛试卷(C类)及答案
2008 National English Contest for College Students(Level C--- Preliminary)Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 30 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. To buy a newspaper. B. To find a chemist. C. To post a letter.2. A. Their billing system has been efficient.B. Their old billing system is outdated.C. He’s unimpressed with the new billing system.3. A. She’s been on vacation. B. She’s been at the grocery store.C. She’s been on a business trip.4. A. To go to the market. B. To have coffee. C. To have a discussion.5. A. Changing a flight reservation. B. Canceling a hotel reservation.C. Reserving an extra hotel room.Section B (10 marks)In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, read the five questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Conversation one6. What’s Tania’s phone number?A. 506-6178B. 501-6678C. 501-66877. Who is going shopping at Harrods?A. Tania.B. Karl.C. Karl’s mother.8. How is Tania going to get to Harrods?A. On foot.B. By taxi.C. By tube.9. Which street plan shows the way from the station?A. B. C.10. What kind of wine does Karl want?A. Red Merlot.B. White Bordeaux.C. Rose Chianti.Conversation Two11. Which drawing shows the position of the handle?A. B. C.12. What other product features are included?A. A range of handle sizes.B. A variety of color combinations.C. A set of rings for different-sized tins.13. What’s the purpose of the V-clip?A.To hold the paint brush so it drips in the can.B.To prevent paint from getting onto the painted surfaces.C.To prevent the brush drying out if the painter is interrupted.14. Who will probably use the can-holder?A. Artists.B. Decorators.C. Soldiers.15. How much does the product cost?A. ￡4.B. ￡5.C. $4.Section C (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short news item. Each item will be read only once. After each item, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16. What has prompted the new administration to review the Australia’s citizenship test?A. It’s out of date.B. Higher immigration rates.C. Many applicants failing it.17. Which train provides the easiest way to see Mount Fuji?A. From Tokyo to Y okohama.B. From Osaka to Y okohama.C. From Tokyo to Osaka.18. How many U.N. employees were killed in 2007?A. 17.B. 42.C. 59.19. What have studies found out about severe pneumonia treatment?A.No medication works in developing countries.B.It can be effectively treated at home with oral antibiotics.C.It can only be treated in the hospital with injectable antibiotics.20. What was the bar’s business like before the smoking ban?A. Almost empty every day.B. Usually crowded at midday.C. Empty on Wednesdays.Section D (10 marks)In this section, you will hear a short passage. There are ten missing words or phrases. Fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear on the tape. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Crime isn’t rising because the laws are not strict enough, or because the (21) ________ are not tough enough, or simply bec ause there aren’t enough policemen on the beat. It is rising because the agencies and individuals who can have a (22) _______ effect on crime are not pulling together or in the same (23) ______. The police are one of those agencies, of course. But crime prevention is also a matter for (24) ______ who are content to see mass (25) _______ turn into a way of life, for councils who prefer to shout yah-boo at the police, (26) _____ getting on with making life safer for local people, for architects who design exp osed and indefensible buildings, for parents who don’t take enough interest in what their teenage children are getting up to and for (27) ______ who sit inside and moan (28) ______ do anything about the state of the neighborhood or the street. Crime prevention has been neglected for too many by too many. Over the last ten years it has been willfully neglected in defiance of mounting (29) _______ that it is the central hope of (30) ________ action againstcrime.Part II Vocabulary and Structures (10 minutes, 15 marks)There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices, marked A, B C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence, then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.31. They are looking for _______ man with _______ long dark hair. He is armed and dangerous.A. a; aB. the; aC. a; /D. /; the32. It was unfortunate, but she had no _____ but to act as she did.A. chance.B. opportunityC. optionD. solution33. The _____ driver thinks that accidents only happen to other people.A. generalB. usualC. commonD. average34. How did they manage to steal the V an Gogh? It was right ____ the security guard’s nose.A. belowB. beforeC. underD. beside35. The student ______ continuing his studies when he had to return to his home country unexpectedly.A. is consideringB. was consideringC. should considerD. has considered36. My friends and I enjoy doing many of the same things. In that respect, we have a lot _______.A. in similarB. in particularC. in commonD. in accordance37. Our planned visit to the United States _______ because we were unable to get the visas.A. fell overB. fell downC. fell throughD. fell on38. Lest anyone _____ it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.A. thoughtB. should thinkC. had thoughtD. thinking39. When Sally ______ the criminal ______ her house, she screamed at the top of her voice because she didn’t want ______.A. saw; enter; killedB. saw; enter; to be killedC. sees; entering; be killedD. sees; enter; killing40. Tina’s children, _____ all live nearby, organized a big party for her eightieth birthday.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. as41. Sometimes it is necessary to be careful _______ the right date to sit for a test.A. when choosingB. when you will chooseC. when you have chosenD. when you chose42. Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at the time _______.A. when he first introducedB. that he first introduced itC. he first introducedD. which he first introduced it43. ________ really. I like both public transport and driving.A. On second thoughtsB. I could go either wayC. I will never learn to driveD. But then again44. _____ I’m getting married!A. Can you keep a secret?B. Well I never!C. Many happy returns.D. Congratulations!45. --- So, do you know where you’d like to go?--- Actually, I’ve heard that it’s very expensive and it’s cold all the time.A. I beg your pardon?B. Y eah, but it’s not very good.C. Do you know any good hotels?D. Do you have any suggestions?Part III Reading Comprehension (20 minutes, 40 marks)Section A (4 marks)There is one passage in this section with 4 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B C and D. You should decide on the best choice, then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 46-49 are based on the following passage.Most sore throats are caused by an infection which treatment with antibiotics cannot cure. But with simple remedies the patient normally gets better in 4 or 5 days.Tonsillitis, however, usually starts with a sore throat which causes pain on swallowing. With children and some adults there may be a fever and the patient is obviously not feeling well. It may be possible to see white spots on the back of the throat. The neck may also swell, both of which are the normal response to infection.Sometimes a sore throat may occur with the common cold, and with influenza there may be dryness of the throat, pain on coughing and loss of voice.TREATMENTAspirin: To help relieve the pain on swallowing and (if there is one) the fever, use aspirin tablets dissolved in water, so that the patient can gargle before swallowing. Repeat the treatment every 4 hours.Drink: Encourage the patient to drink plenty of liquids.Food: Food should not be forced on a patient who does not want to eat.Steam: If there is pain in the throat on coughing, breathing in steam may help.CHILDRENY oung children, who may not be able to gargle, should be given aspirin dissolved in water every 4 hours at the right dose for their age.At one year: a single junior aspirin.At five years: half an adult aspirin.At eight years: one whole adult aspirin.WHEN TO SEE THE DOCTORIf the sore throat is still getting worse after 2 days.If the patient complains of earache.If the patient or parent is very worried.46. According to the passage, it would appear that most sore throats _________.A.require an immediate visit to a doctorB.respond quickly to treatment with an antibioticC.rarely turn out to be symptoms of serious illnessD.result in tonsillitis even when treated47. In order to treat a sore throat one should ________.A.prevent the patient from eating too muchB.give the patient up to 4 aspirin tablets every dayC.advise the patient to drink large amounts of liquidsD.make the patient gargle with hot liquids48. Y ou should call the doctor in if _________.A.swelling occurs in the region of the earsB.the patient’s condition worsens after 2 daysC.the patient’s throat is still sore after a weekD.the disease spreads to another member of the family49. What difference is there in the way adults and young children should be treated with aspirin?A.Y oung children should not be allowed to gargle with it.B.Adults should be given tablets to swallow whole.C.Y oung children should be given aspirin more often than adults.D.Adults should be given larger doses of aspirin than children.Section B (14 marks)There is one passage in this section with 10 questions. Go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 50-55, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 56-59, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.In 1945 leaders from 51 countries met in San Francisco, California, and organized the United Nations (often called the UN). World War II had just ended. Millions of people had died, and there was destruction everywhere. People hoped they could build a future of world peace through this new organization.The United Nations has four main goals and purposes:1.To work together for international peace and to solve international problems;2.To develop friendly relations among nations;3.To work together for human rights for everyone of all races, religions, and of both sexes;4.To build a center where nations can work together for these goals.Today almost every country in the world is a member of the UN. Each country has signed an agreement that says:1. All members are equal.2. All members promise to solve international problems in a peaceful way.3. No member will use force against another member.4. All members will help the UN in its actions.5.The UN will not try to solve problems within countries except to enforce international peace.Obviously, the United Nations has not been completely successful in its goals. There have been several wars since 1945. However, the organization has helped bring peace to some countries that were at war. It has helped people who left their countries because of wars. It has helped bring independence to colonies.The main United Nations organization is in New Y ork City, but the UN has a ―family‖ of other related organizatio ns all over the world. These organizations try to provide a better life for everyone. One example is UNICEF, an organization that provides food, medical care, and many other services for poor children wherever they live. Another example is the World Health Organization, which develops medical programs all over the world.There are thousands of UN workers in developing countries. They work as planners to increase production in farming and industry. They provide medical services, improve education programs, and spread scientific information. They develop programs that provide jobs and better living conditions. They help countries control their population growth.The United Nations also holds large international conferences, where people meet to discuss important world issues. One conference was about the uses and ownership of oceans. Another was about women. There are also International Y ears. In these special years, people work together to improve situations and solve problems. One year was the International Year of the Child.For centuries countries have fought each other, and powerful countries have taken control of weaker ones. It is very difficult to persuade nations to live together in peace. Nevertheless, the United Nations is attempting to do this. It is the only organization that unites the world in the search for peace.50. The United Nations was organized at a meeting in California in 1945.51. The United Nations works for international peace.52. Kuwait is a member of the UNICEF.53. The United Nations has its main organization in San Francisco.54. The United Nations helped Algeria become independent.55. UNICEF is an organization that helps save wildlife.56. Each country in the UN has signed an agreement that says no member ______ againstanother member.57. Despite its effort, the United Nations hasn’t been ______ in its goals.58. People meet to discuss important world issues in ______ held by the United Nations.59. The United Nations is ______ nations to live together in peace, though it is difficult.Section C (10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questions in as few words as possible (not more than 10 words). Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 60-64 are based on the following passage.A language is a system of sounds, gestures, or characters used by humans to communicate their ideas and feelings. There are about 4,000 spoken languages in the world. Some are spoken by millions of people. Other languages have only a few speakers.All languages have rules for forming words and for ordering those words in sentences. In written languages, meaning is expressed through a system of characters and rules for combining those characters. In spoken languages, meaning is expressed through a system of sounds and rules for combining those sounds. Many deaf people use sign languages, in which gestures do the work of the sound system of spoken languages.Word order is more important in English than it is in some other languages, such as Russian. The sound system is very important in Chinese and in many languages spoken in West Africa.Languages are always changing, but they change very slowly. People invent new words for their language, borrow words from other languages, and change the meanings of words as needed. For example, the English word byte was invented by computer specialists in 1959. the English word tomato was borrowed from Nahuatl, and American Indian language spoken in Mexico. The English word meat once referred to food in general.There are several major language families in the world. The languages in each family are related, and scientists think they came from the same parent family. Language families come in different sizes. The Austronesian family contains at least 500 languages, including Pilipino, Malay, and Maori. The Basque language, spoken in northern Spain, is the only member of its language family.The Indo-European language family contains 55 languages, including English, German, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi.Another language family is Sino-Tibetan, which includes Chinese, Burmese, and Tibetan. The Afro-Asiatic family includes Arabic, Hebrew, and Amharic. There are about 150 American Indian languages spoken today. These languages have many differences and have been divided into more than 50 language families.People learn languages by listening, copying what they hear, and using the language. Most children learn their first languages easily, and sometimes other languages as well. Adults often must work harder at learning a second language.Questions:60. How many languages are spoken all over the world?61. What are the language rules for?62. How is meaning expressed in sign language?Section D (12 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in each of the spaces, 65-70. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet .Questions 65-70 are based on the following passage .Welcome to ―Software World‖ --- bringing you the very latest information on what is currently available on CD-ROM. Are you a director or producer looking for an unusual actor to play a part in a new movie project, or with that special look for a new commercial on TV? OK. The usual procedure would be to contact a theatrical agency, who would try and sell you the idea of using one of the actors listed on their books. Books? Too old-fashioned for you? Then get yourself a copy of this latest electron ic database called ―The Electronic Curtain‖.The brainchild of casting agent Fred Harkney of the Better Talent Agency, he says he got the idea of an actor’s directory from his son playing computer games. Noting that junior had to type in the details of the characters in his favorite game, he realized he could do the same for the actors he represents. Eventually, he came to include information on nearly three quarters of the approximately 34,000 actors registered and looking for work in Britain. With some theatrical agencies boasting that they represent over 500 performers, the need for this product is not hard to fathom. It can be a nightmare trying to remember just which actor has done what, or just what an actor can do. The database lists details of over 5,500 actors: TV shows they have appeared in, special skills they possess --- everything down to the color of their eyes and other distinguishing physical features. By entering the details of the type of person you are looking for, the database quickly locates only those persons with the particular qualities requested.One problem though, is that many actors feel it is too impersonal, and they could be missing out on much needed auditions for parts in theatrical shows. On the other hand, it might just get them that elusive job. The days of nervous nail-biting while waiting around to give an audition could well and truly be over. And all because of a small plastic disk. For product details ring this number now: 0171-379-60000.Summary :Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 marks)Section A (5 marks)There are 5 blanks in the passage. Use the word given on the right-hand side to form a word that fits in each blank. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet .An electronic database giving information on nearly (65) ______ the 34,000 actors registered and looking for work in Britain, is now available on CD-ROM. Some (66) ______ have over 500 actors on their books and it is difficult to remember all their details. The database lists information on over 5,500 actors and can be searched for details such as past (67) ______ they have appeared in, special skills they might have, and even the color of their eyes. The database can quickly locate persons with (68) _____ and, although some actors feel it is (69) ______ to be of much use, it is certain to change the way actors are chosen for parts in films, plays and shows. Ring the following telephone number for further (70) _____: 0171-379-6000.Interviews are an (71) ______ method of choosing the best people for jobs, yet human beings like to examine each other in this way. One of theperfectSection B (10 marks)There are 10 blanks in the passage. For each blank, one or more letters of the word have been given (not exceeding 3 letters). Read the passage below and decide which word best fits each blank, using only one word in each word in each blank. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.True relaxation is most certainly not a matter of flopping down in front of the television with a welcome drink. Nor is it about drifting into an exhausted sleep. Useful though these responses to tension and over-tiredness (76) mi_______ be, we should distinguish between them and conscious relaxation in (77) te_____ of quality and effect. Regardless of the level of tiredness, real relaxation is a state of alertness, yet, at the same (78) t______, passive awareness, in w hich our bodies are (79) a________ rest while our minds are awake.Moreover, it is as natural for a healthy person to be relaxed when moving as resting. (80) Be_____ relaxed in action means we bring the appropriate energy to everything we do, (81) W______ needs to be rediscovered is conscious relaxation. With this in (85) m______ we must apply ourselves to understanding stress and the nature of its causes, however deep-seated.Part V Translation (15 minutes, 15 marks)Section A (8 marks)Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.After my mother passed away, my dad tried even harder to stay healthy and active. Every morning, until the weather turned too cold, he swam in the turquoise pool in the complex where he lived. (86) Each day, no matter how he felt, he swam one more lap than the previous day, just to prove there was always room for improvement. Every few days he reported the new number of laps to me, pride edging his voice.By his late seventies, in spite of swimming and working six days a week, my dad had noticeably dwindled in strength and energy. By age eighty-one he was in poor health and had to retire. (87) He pretended he didn’t need to lean heavily on me for support as we walked slowly, and I pretended not to notice. His mind was clear, but congestive heart problems and disabling arthritis had worn him down. One day he said, ―In case of an emergency, I do not wish to be kept alive by any extraordinary means. I’ve signed an official paper to this effect.‖ He smiled his wonderful, broad grin and said, ―I’ve been blessed to have had your mother as my wife and you as my only child, and I’m ready to go.‖Less than a month later he had a heart attack. In the emergency room, he again reminded his doctor and me of his wishes, but I couldn’t imagine, in spite of this latest crisis, that he wouldn’t always be saying, ―Have I told you yet today that I adore you?‖(88) He was miserable in intensive care; tubes seemed to come from every opening. But my dad still had his sense of humor, asking me, ―Does this mean we can’t keep our lunch date tomorrow?‖ His voice faltered.―I’ll be here to pick you up and we’ll go someplace special,‖ I answered, a lump in my throat.(89) Dad refused to look at me for the first time in his life and turned toward the blank green wall next to his hospital bed. There was a painful silence between us. He said, ―I don’t want you to remember me like this. Promise me you won’t, darling! And please go now --- I’m so miserable.Section B (7 marks)Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.90. 她在阳光下只晒了一会儿，脸就开始变红了。
2008年全国国际货运代理从业人员岗位专业证书考试
2008年全国国际货运代理从业人员岗位专业证书考试国际货代英语试卷Ⅰ【A卷】(考试时间: 14∶00—15∶00)注意事项一、国际货代英语由试卷Ⅰ和试卷Ⅱ两部分组成。
试卷Ⅰ为客观题，包括单项选择题、判断题、多项选择题、完型填空题。
试卷Ⅱ为主观题，包括英译汉、汉译英、英文单证操作题。
二、答题说明1. 请将自己的姓名、准考证号写在“答题卡”上方相应的位置上，并将每位准考证号码下相对应的数字框用2B铅笔涂黑。
涂卡方法见答题卡左上侧的说明。
2. 姓名、准考证号不写以及准考证号不涂或涂写不规范者，该答题卡作废。
3. 请将试卷Ⅰ的答案涂在“答题卡”上。
涂卡方法见答题卡左上侧的说明，使用其他符号答题无效。
写在试卷上的答案一律作废。
4. 请务必使用2B铅笔涂写答题卡，使用其他类型的笔涂卡，读卡器不能识别，答题卡记零分。
一、单项选择题(每题1分，共15分。
单项选择题的答案只能选择一个，多选不得分)1. The seller had made a sales contract undef the CFR term with the buyer, therefore the secope of freight forwarder s service on behalf of the buyer includes ( )A. arranging export customs clearanceB. booking space with the NVOCCC. arranging import customs clearanceD. booking space with the marine carrier2. According to INCOTERMS 2000, CPT means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by the ( ) but the seller must in addition pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the named destination.A. buyerB. sellerC. carrierD. forwarder3. Accor ding to UCP600, the term “middle” of a month in the letter of credit shall be construed as from the 11th to the 20th of the month and the term “first half” of a month shall be construed as ( ).A. from the 11th to the 20th of the monthB. from the 1st to the 15th of the monthC. from the 1st to the 10th of the monthD. from the 11th to the 21st of the month4. The risks covered in FPA coverage basically means that only total or constructive total loss of the whole consignment of cargo but no partial loss or damage is recoverable from the insurer resulting from natural calamities, such as ( ) , lightning, tsunami, earthquake and flood.A. salvage chargesB. general averageC. ship collisionD. heavy weather5. ( ) means that the shipowner provides a designated manned ship to the charterer, and the charterer employs the ship for a specific period against payment of hire.A. Voyage charteringB. Time charteringC. Bareboat charteringD. Contract of affreightment6. The bill of lading by itself is not a contract of carriage as it signed only by the carrier. However, it provides evidence of contract of carriage. It serves as a receipt for goods delivered to the carrier. Besides, the bill of lading serves as a document of title enabling the goods to be transferred from the shipper to the consignee or any other party by endorsement. The ( ) can not be transferred to the third parties by endorsement.A. shipped B/LB. clean B/LC. straight B/LD. order B/L7. The UCP published by the ( ) , contains detailed provisions dealing with the operation of documentary credit.A. CIFAB. FIATAC. BIMCOD. ICC8. The documents commonly used in carriage of goods by sea are bills of lading, sea waybills, manifests, booking notes and delivery orders etc. Most of these documents are signed by the carrier or his agent except ( ) .A. booking notesB. delivery ordersC. sea waybillsD. bills of lading9. Liner freight rates are fixed by liner operators; they are related more to the costs of operation and which remain comparatively steady over a period of time. The liner rates are also subject to surcharges or adjustment factors which may be levied from time to time in order to enable the shipping lines to meet certain price variations in their inputs such as ( ) , the bunker adjustment factor and port congestion surcharges.A. currency adjustment factorB. crew adjustment factorC. water adjustment factorD. administrative adjustment factor10. Which of the following modes of container transport may be FCL/FCL? ( )A. CY/CFSB. CY/CYC. CFS/CYD. CFS/CFS11. The CMR convention is the convention on contract for international carriage of goods by road, according to the CMR, the career is responsible for ( ).A. any wrongful act of the consignorB. inherent vice of the goodsC. neglect of the consignorD. omissions of carrier s servants12. Currently, different types of multimodal transport operations involving different combinations are taking place. ( ) is similar to the roll on, roll off system except that in the place of the ro ro vehicle a rail car is used so that geographically separated rail systems can be connected by the use of an ocean carrier.A. Sea/airB. Air/roadC. Sea/trainD. Piggyback13. ( ) is concerned with purchasing and arranging inbound movement of materials, parts, and/or finished inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or assembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores.A. Market distributionB. ProcurementC. Manufacturing supportD. Inventory14. Each air waybill may have over ten copies. They are sent to the shipper, the consignee, and various departments of the carrier. The copy marked ( ) is the copy that would normally be presented under a documentary credit.A. “Original 1”B. “Original 2”C. “Original 3”D. “Original 4”15. ( ) , “International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations”, was founded in Vienna Austria on 31 May 1926.A. IFFFAB. IATAC. ICIFAD. FIATA二、判断题(每题1分，共15分。
2008年下半年信息处理技术员考试试题及答案(B套)
2008年下半年信息处理技术员考试试题及答案(B套)信息处理技术员下午试题共5题，全部为必答题，每题15分，满分75分。
若解答正确给满分；若答出部分要点，可酌情给分，但不给满分。
第1小题（总分：15分）题目:用word软件录入以下文字，按照题目的要求完成排版后，用word的保存功能直接存盘。
要求：1．将页边距上、下、左、右分别设置为3.4cm、3.4cm、2.7cm、2.7cm，纸型设置为B5、宽度为18.2cm、高度为25.7cm、方向为横向。
2．将段落标题设置为华文行楷、三号、浅橙色、居中；正文文字设置为宋体、四号、行距为1.5倍。
3．为正文添加绿色、双波浪型三维边框。
4．为文中的“milky way”添加红色下划线。
阅卷指南:参考答案：评分点数量: 5 个第2小题(总分：15分)题目:制作如图示的毕业论文写作流程，按照题目要求完成后，用Word的保存功能直接存盘。
要求：1．流程图中文字设置为宋体、小二、加粗，对齐方式为右对齐。
2．流程图的三维效果设置为样式1、深度为20磅，表面效果设置为亚光，形状相同的图形填充相同的颜色（可复制产生多个）。
3．参照图示添加说明文字（“通过”和“不通过”）。
4．制作完成的流程图与图示保持一致，整体美观。
阅卷指南:参考答案：参考题目中图示评分点数量: 4 个第3小题(总分：15分)题目: 创建“信息处理技术员考试成绩表”（内容如下表所示），按照题目的要求完成后，用Excel的保存功能直接存盘。
要求：1．表格要有可视的边框，并将表中文字设置为宋体、12磅、居中。
2．用条件函数计算是否合格，其中，信息处理技术员考试的合格标准是笔试成绩和机考成绩均不小于45分。
3．给出信息处理技术员考试的合格率。
（填入相应的单元格中）4．给出信息处理技术员考试的缺考率，其中，只有笔试和机考都没有参加的考生才算缺考。
（填入相应的单元格中）5．用条件函数统计主要学历，其中，学历列中所占比例最大的一类即为主要学历。
2008年下半年信息处理技术员考试试题及答案(A套)
2008年下半年信息处理技术员考试试题及答案(A套)信息处理技术员下午试题共5题，全部为必答题，每题15分，满分75分。
若解答正确给满分；若答出部分要点，可酌情给分，但不给满分。
第1小题(总分：15分)题目:用word软件录入以下文字，按照题目的要求完成排版后，用word的保存功能直接存盘。
要求：1．纸张大小设置为自定义、宽21厘米、高17厘米，页面垂直对齐方式为居中。
2．段落标题设置为隶书、四号、加粗、居中；正文文字设置为仿宋、五号、行距为1.25倍。
3．将正文文字内容划分为三栏，每栏间设置分隔线。
4．为文档添加页眉，内容为“宇宙探索系列丛书”，并将页眉的文字字体设置为宋体、小五号、斜体、淡紫色，文字效果为阳文。
阅卷指南:参考答案：评分点数量: 5 个第2小题（分：15分）题目:在Word中绘制如图所示的课程表，按照题目要求完成后，用Word的保存功能直接存盘。
要求：1．绘制的课程表样式、线条形状、线条颜色与所给图示一致。
2．将表格外部边框线条粗细设置为3磅；内部线条粗细设置为0.5磅；表格底纹设置为灰色-20%。
3．将“软件工程专业课程表”字体设置为宋体、24号。
4．将课程列的文字字体设置为黑色、宋体、小五号、居中；时间列表示时间的字体设置为红色、Times New Roman、五号、居中，其它字体设置为黑色、宋体、五号、居中；日期行的文字字体设置为黑色、宋体、五号、居中。
阅卷指南:参考答案：参考题目中图示评分点数量:4 个第3小题（总分：15分）题目:创建“气象资料表”（内容如下表所示），表中记录了2000年到2008年， 11月7日到11月14日，某市的日最低温度。
按照题目要求完成后，用Excel的保存功能直接存盘。
要求：1．表格要有可视的边框，并将表中文字设置为宋体、10.5磅、居中，第一列设置为文本格式。
2．用函数计算11月7日到11月14日这八天，在2000年到2008年之间的日平均最低温度。
2008-2011年全国大学生英语竞赛C类初赛真题及答案汇总集(绝对完整和正确!)
2007 National English Contestfor College Students(Level C - Preliminary)Part II Vocabulary and Structure (10 minutes, 15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.31. If I lose my new watch my parents will be very annoyed ______ me.A. againstB. withC. forD. about32. I d on‘t think ______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. thisB. thatC. itsD. it33. Does brain power ______ as we get older? Scientists now have some surprising answers.A. descendB. declineC. reduceD. collapse34. I don‘t believe in Brown‘s adventure at all. It sounds so ______.A. incredibleB. credibleC. incredulousD. credulous35. We‘ll never get to the station on time ______ we run as fast as we can.A. in caseB. even ifC. provided thatD. if only36. Oil sales volume in local urban and rural areas rose by 24% and 50% ______, over July 2006.A. separatelyB. individuallyC. independentlyD. respectively37. The shipping authorities followed the ______ of the unidentified submarine on their radar screens.A. channelB. wayC. courseD. direction38. I set off as soon as I got the news about my grandpa‘s illness. Unfortunately, he ______ at the hospital before I ______.A. has died; went thereB. had died; arrivedC. died; had been thereD. was dying; had gone39. The committee has made rules ______ all its members are supposed to work.A. by whichB. so thatC. now thatD. for which40. They were married for fifteen years but have now ______ up and live apart.A. splitB. dividedC. divorcedD. separated41. We wouldn‘t have missed the train if we ______ to the station.A. didn‘t walkB. wouldn‘t runC. hadn‘t walkedD. weren‘t running42. No matter what measure they took, in no way ______.A. could the outflowing tide be controlledB. the outflowing tide could be controlledC. could the outflowing tide controlD. the outflowing tide could control43. —Did you get any information from Peter?—He ______ an expert, but he doesn‘t seem to know much.A. believes to beB. is supposed to beC. thought to beD. is claimed being44. —The radio‘s terribly loud. Could you turn it down a little?—Sorry! ______—Yes, and something else - wouldn‘t it be an idea to buy your own soap?A. Is it disturbing you?B. I forgot where I put my soap this morning.C. A football match was broadcast live on it.D. Could you repeat what you said?45. —Can I book a room from now until Friday?—_________________—What‘s the price?—$128.75 not counting the service.A. Definitely. Go see it yourself.B. Yes, our hotel is quite near to the station.C. Of course. Would you like to follow me?D. You can have Room 33, overlooking the sea.Part III IQ Test (5 minutes, 5 points)Directions:There are 5 IQ Test questions in this part. For each question there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.46. Which figure completes the sequence?47. A man has 29 socks in his drawer, 9 identical blue, 8 identical grey and 12 identical black. The lights have fused and he is completely in the dark. How many socks must he take out to make certain that he has a pair of each colour?A. 21B. 14C. 23D. 2448. Which comes next?A, 1A, 111A, 311A,?A. 1312AB. 13211AC. 1231AD. 11231A49. Find the weight to balance the scales.A. 2kgB. 4kgC. 3kgD. 5kg50. What is the missing number?A. 748B. 754C. 745D. 784Part IV Reading Comprehension (25 minutes, 40 points)Section A (6 points)Directions:There is one passage in this section with 6 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 51-56 are based on the following passage.“A Unique Experience in Indian Cuisine”Opening night at the Gandhi Restaurant brought cries of praise and delight from customers when they sampled the unique cuisine on Monday night.Opened by County Councillor, Mr. Tony Peaston, the Gandhi offers the discerning diner authentic Indian dishes, many available for the first time in Hampshire.The secret lies in the preparation - only authentic Indian herbs and spices are used to individually prepare each special dish, following ancient recipes, many handed down through generations of Indian chefs.High Standard―I‘ve travelled extensively and dined at many Indian restaurants throughout the country, but rarely have I tasted Ind ian food of such a high standard,‖ extolled Councillor Peaston.―Whilst Gandhi himself was a leader of men, the Gandhi Restaurant could be considered the leader of a new breed of Indian cuisine in Hampshire,‖ he added.―By far the best curry we have had in the Portsmouth area,‖ was the comment of Havant diners, Mr. and Mrs. Jim Cairns of Denvilles.―We enjoyed the different menu and found the advice of the staff, explaining how each dish was prepared, very helpful for deciding our choice of menu,‖ they said.Such glowing comments reflect the exclusive nature of the dishes available at the Gandhi Restaurant.Original RecipesYou can choose from a menu which offers curries and tandoories, knowing each one is specially cooked for you, with individual care and attention, according to strict original recipes, by a top London chef, formerly of Covent Garden.And after you have sampled the spicy delights of your main course, you can select from a choice of original Indian sweets to temper your palate.Relaxing in the comfortable surroundings of the restaurant, you can have a hot towel to freshen yourself or clean your fingers between courses - another touch of Indian living.The Gandhi Restaurant, situated at 139 Kingston Road, Portsmouth, is fully licensed and open seven days a week.You can pop in for a traditional Indian lunch between 12 and 2:30 pm or enjoy a languid evening meal, when the restaurant is open from 6 pm to midnight.But take care to book in advance, as demand for this cuisine is expected to be high, so avoid disappointment by telephoning Portsmouth 811966.As proof of confidence in your enjoyment, the Gandhi is offering a 10 per cent discount on the cost of your meal, when you produce this advertisement within three months of the opening.The staff at the Gandhi look forward to serving you with your first taste of truly authentic Indian cuisine in this area- and they know you will come back again and again.51. ―A Unique Experience in Indian Cuisine‖ here means that the Gandhi restaurant __________.A. is the only genuine Indian restaurant in HampshireB. offers customers its own special style of cookingC. makes special food for native Indian customersD. is trying out Indian recipes for the first time52. How does the food preparation contribute to the unique, experience?A. It varies from customer to customer, depending on the price.B. The methods used are secret and known only to the chef.C. It uses genuine Indian ingredients and follows ancient recipes.D. It follows methods described by traditional Indian authors.53. According to the article, in what way does the restaurant live up to its name?A. It will soon be as famous throughout the world as Gandhi himself.B. The owner considers himself to be a leader of the local Indian community.C. It has had a considerable influence on other Hampshire restaurants.D. It sets new standards of excellence for other Indian restaurants to follow.54. Where did the top chef of the Gandhi Restaurant use to work?A. In London.B. In Hampshire.C. In Denvilles.D. In Portsmouth.55. Hot towels are provided __________.A. because customers feel coldB. to make customers feel more relaxedC. mainly for hygienic reasonsD. to give customers the true feel of Indian life56. Customers can obtain a cheaper meal by __________.A. bringing the advertisement with themB. making a phone call to the restaurantC. providing proof of their enjoymentD. contributing to the cost of advertisingSection B (7 points)Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by 7 statements. Go over the passage quickly and mark the answers on the Answer Sheet. For questions 57- 63, markY (for Yes) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for No) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for Not Given) if the information is not given in the passage.Questions 57-63 are based on the following passage.Eleven days ago, as he felt himself being crushed from head to toe, Andrew Jepson was certain he was about to die.Yesterday the 26-year-old construction worker was able to stroll around his parents‘ home and tell for the first time how he survived being run over by a four-ton road roller.The accident happened as Mr. Jepson worked at a building site at Heathrow and the roller was reversing at 4 mph.―I was looking away and then I just felt it go over my leg‖, he said. ―I fell to the floor and felt this amazing pain in my leg as it was being crushed.‖―When I felt it running over me I thought thi s is it, I‘m dead. Nobody can survive this.‖―There was absolutely nothing I could do. The pain was horrendous and all the air was being crushed out of my lungs.‖―I couldn‘t breathe. I thought every breath would be my last.‖The machine took more than a s econd to roll over Mr. Jepson‘s body.―It came over my head but I had my hard hat on which must have blocked most of the pressure,‖ he said.Workmates believed he would be dead but the uneven surface, foundation for a road, cushioned much of the weight of the roller and saved him.―Afterwards I tried to get straight up,‖he said. ―I was fully conscious. I was in shock but for some reason I thought, ‗If I stay down, I will die.‘‖―Luckily a labourer ran over and kept me down so that I would not do any more injury to myself.‖―The driver rushed over. He was really upset. I said, ‗You are not to blame, it was just an accident.‘‖Mr. Jepson, a site engineer, suffered crushed ribs, bruising, cuts and a collapsed left lung but escaped permanent injury. An air ambulance arrived and doctors operated at the scene.He spent two days in intensive care but six days later was back at his parents‘ home near Spalding, Lincolnshire.―It is like being born again,‖ said Mr. Jepson, who has amazed doctors with his recovery.―Wh en I came around from the anaesthetic I just cried with joy. Being able to walk and breathe again is the most wonderful thing in the world.‖Mr. Jepson‘s 62-year-old father, John, said, ―When we heard he had been under a roller I feared the worst. We praye d all the way to the hospital. To see him now is just wonderful.‖Mr. Jepson‘s employer, construction firm Laing, said the accident was still being investigated.Statements: 57. The accident happened two weeks ago.58. Mr. Jepson was paving the road when the accident happened.59. The roller was going backwards when it hit Mr. Jepson.60. A workman ran immediately to the scene of the accident.61. An operation was performed at the scene of the accident.62. The company has decided who is responsible for the accident.63. The investigation of the accident lasted for almost two years.Section C (7 points)Directions: You are going to read a magazine article about sand. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences (A-H) the one which fits each gap (64-70). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet .Sand: as children we play on it and as adults we relax on it. It is something we complain about when it gets in our eyes on a windy beach, and praise when it is made into sand castles.But we don‘t often look at it. If we did, we would discover an account of a geological past and a history of sea life that goes back thousands and, in some cases, mil- lions of years. Sand covers not just seashores, but also ocean beds, deserts and mountains. And it is a major element in manufactured products too - concrete is largely sand, while glass is made of little else.Well, it is larger than fine dust and smaller than shingle. In fact, according to the most generallyaccepted scheme of measurement, grains can be called sand if their diameter is greater than 0.06 of a millimetre and less than 0.6 of a millimetre. Depending on its age and origin, a particular sand can consist of tiny stones or porous grains through which water can pass. They have come from the breaking down of rocks, or from the dead bodies of sea creatures, which collect on the bottom of the oceans, or even from volcanic eruptions.If it is a dazzling white, its grains may come from nearby coral, from crystalline quartz rocks or 64656667from gypsum, like the white sand of New Mexico. On Pacific Islands, jet black sands form from volcanic minerals. Other black beaches are magnetic and are mined for iron ore.It washes rock into streams and rivers and down to the sea, leaving be- hind softer materials. Bythe time it reaches the sea, the hardest rocks remain but every- thing else has been broken into tiny particles of 0.02 millimetre diameter or less. The largest pieces fall to the bottom quickly, while smaller particles float and settle only slowly in deeper water, which is why the sandy beach on the shoreline so often turns to mud further out.If the individual fragments still have sharp edges, you can be sure they were formed fairlyrecently. This is the case on the island of Kamoama in Hawaii, where a beach was created after a volcanic eruption in 1990. Molten lava spilled into the sea and exploded into glassy droplets. It seems that when the poet William Blake saw infinity in a grain of sand he was not far wrong. Sand is an irreplaceable industrial ingredient which has many uses. Sand cushions our land from the force of the sea, and geologists say it often does a better job protecting our shores than the most advanced coastal technology.A. These may have the shape of stars or spirals, their edges rough or smooth.B. It is one of the most common substances on earth.C. In addition, it has one vital function which you might never even notice.D. Rain is an important force in the creation of beaches.E. In the great slow cycle of the earth, sand that was once rock can turn to rock again.F. What exactly is sand?G . Colour is another clue to the origins of sand.H. It can be difficult to date the sand on a beach accurately but it is possible to get a general ideaof whether or not the sand is ―young‖ or ―old‖.Section D (10 points)Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in as few words as possible (not more than 10 words). Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet .Questions 71-75 are based on the following passage.Rare among American actors, Depp has made a name for himself effortlessly switching between mainstream Hollywood movies and more ―out of the ordinary‖ projects. Talking about his choice of roles, he once said, ―With any part you play, there is a certain amount of yourself in it. There has to be, otherwise it‘s not acting. It‘s lying.‖ Highlights of a richly diverse career include Edward Scissorhands, Sleepy Hollow and Pirates of the Caribbean .Depp dropped out of school at sixteen to concentrate on a career in music, playing the guitar (he played with more than twenty bands). However, his musical career rifled to take off, and he found himself selling pens over the phone to pay the bills. His lucky break came when makeup artist Loft Allison, to whom he was briefly married, introduced him to Nicolas Cage. Although at first they did not like each other, they later became good friends and Cage persuaded him to try acting. Depp signed on with Cage‘s agent, and made his feature film 686970debut in Wes Craven‘s horror film Nightmare on Elm Street, in which the character he played was eaten by his bed. After that he had his first screen leading role in Private Resort.Depp went on to achieve teen idol status in the TV series 21 Jump Street, but after four seasons, he wanted out, with the hope of making the transition to the big screen. He starred in Cry-Baby, followed by Tim Burton‘s Edward Scissorhands, after which he went on to win considerable critical acclaim in Ed Wood, a reunion with Burton. Depp made his feature directorial debut with The Brave in 1997, a film he also co-wrote and starred in. Premiering at the Cannes Film Festival, the film also featured Marlon Brando, but earned mostly negative reviews, with most critics blaming its weak script. Sleepy Hollow teamed him with director Burton yet again, before he starred in Ted Demme‘s Blow, and appeared in the thriller From Hell, about Jack the Ripper.OFF screen, his good looks and ―bad boy‖ image (he wasonce arrested for attacking intrusive paparazzi with a woodenplank) have earned him a lot of media attention. He was votedone of the fifty most beautiful people in the world by Peoplemagazine in 1996. He has also had his fair share of celebrityromances; when his engagement to Edward Scissorhands co-starWinona Ryder ended, he had a tattoo (one of at least eight),which said ―Winona Forever‖, altered by laser to get rid of thelast two letters of her name. His relationship with model KateMoss also ended abruptly in 1998, when he started datingFrench singer-actress Vanessa Paradis. They are now marriedand have two children, Lily-Rose Melody and Jack. More recentwork has included Pirates of the Caribbean with Geoffrey Rushand Once Upon a Time in Mexico.Questions:71. What does Johnny Depp think of acting a role without having any part of oneself in it?72. Who inspired Depp to start his film career?73. Why did many critics negatively review Depp‘s film The Brave?74. How many films has Depp made with director Tim Burton?75. What have brought Depp a lot of media attention off screen?Section E (10 points)Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the pas- sage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in the spaces 76-80. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 76-80 are based on the following passage.Lack of culture, or rather an excess of the wrong sort of culture, is often considered to be synonymous with disadvantage. Most commonly associated with low cultural standards are low levels of reading, and some thirteen per cent of all twenty-three-year-olds feel they have trouble with reading and writing. One way of compensating such disadvantaged young people is thought to be to provide them with the culture they lack: in particular, high quality reading material.Whereas forty to fifty per cent of young people aged sixteen to twenty rarely read a book, the majority appear to read comics. In 1991 sales of Viz, a UK comic, exceeded one million copies per issue, making it the fourth best-selling periodical in Britain. The reading of comics, however, is not restricted to young people: by 1992 it was estimated that two out of three men aged eighteen to fifty-three read Viz. The number of imitators this comic has spawned, including Zit, Gas, Brain Damage and Swiz, indicates the extent of the influence it wields.The reading of comics was traditionally regarded by the educational establishment with considerable suspicion. Whereas the received arts were always assumed to exert an improving or civilizing influence, comics were thought to ―rot children‘s brains‖, to lower educational standards and to threaten morality. They were, and are, assumed to be an inferior cultural form, their readers assumed to come from the lower social classes, to be low educational attainers and to be easily led astray.Over the past decade, perceptions of comics have shifted. Since the 1970s, the comic format has been commonly used to represent the interests of various disenfranchised groups —community groups, the unemployed, welfare recipients — who became more conscious of a climate conditioned by other contemporary movements such as civil fights, consumerism, self-help and de-institutionalization. As cultural signifiers, comics have become the subject matter of academic courses in cultural and media studies. Indeed, young people‘s cultural activities, grounded in the commercial rather than the subsidized sector, are beginning to merit the attention of the arts establishment.Summary:Low cultural standards, such as 76 of reading, a difficulty experienced by manyyoung adults, are often associated with disadvantage. While around half of sixteen totwenty-year-olds rarely read books, most will read comics. Although many comics inBritain are 77 and have lots of readers, the educational establishment still considers them to be an 78 , appealing only to the lower levels of society. However, attitudes are beginning to change as the format has been adopted to 79of disenfranchised groups. Certain comics have been included in the courses of 80 studies. Young people’s cultural activities are beginning to attract the attention ofthe arts establishment.Part V Cloze (10 minutes, 10 points)Directions:There are 10 blanks in the passage. Use the words (phrases) given in the box to fill in the blanks,changing the form where necessary. Use only one word (phrase) in each blank. There are two extra words (phrases) which you do not need to use. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.anxious about, strong, suggest, instruct, which,especial, whether, apply to, all, both, great, formWorking out to music can improve the coordination of your mind and body, (81) __________ you are football crazy or keen on tennis. The (82) __________ that rock or pop music might ever play a part in sports training would have been regarded as a joke not so long ago. But today modem music is increasingly filling the gym as well as the front room.The idea of exercise to music is not new. For years, (83) __________ in eastern Europe, the benefits of sportsmen and sportswomen having (84) __________in ballet and classical dance, with their stress on total body control and balance, have long been recognised.Figure-skating and ice-dance are usually performed to music and can be said to be specialised (85) __________ of this type of exercise. But ballet and classical dance can be (86) __________ other sports that are also pleasing to the eye, such as gymnastics and skiing, (87) __________ of which demand high standards of balance, coordination and suppleness.In western Europe and North America, a far (88) __________ interest has been shown in working out to classical music. Even sports which seem to demand muscular (89) __________ more than any other physical requirement have taken up exercise to music as a valuable addition to their own specialised training schemes.Devotees of soccer, rugby, and rowing now regularly train to music; even those who take part in weightlifting, (90) __________ demands enormous physical strength, and participants in athletics field events, find that exercise to music is beneficial and makes their movements more fluid.Part VI Translation (15 minutes, 20 points)Section A (10 points)Directions:Translate the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.(91) An active lifestyle and a healthy, fish-rich diet are not only good for your heart, they may also help tackle the memory loss associated with old age, two leading neuroscientists said.As people live longer, finding ways of halting the decline in mental agility is becoming increasingly important, said Professor Ian Robertson, director of the Institute of Neuroscience at Trinity College Dublin.(92) ―The biggest threat to being able to function well and properly is our brains,‖ he told journalists.―There is very strong evidence, particularly in the over-50s, that the degree to which you maintain your mental faculties depends on a handful of quite simple environmental factors,‖ he said.(93) Those who remained physically fit, avoided high stress levels and enjoyed a rich and varied social life are better equipped to stay alert as they age. Mental stimulation, learning new things and simply thinking young also help.A new survey compiled for the University of Kent and the charity Age Concern showed ageism was rife in Britain where people, on average, see youth as ending at 49 and old age beginning at 65.But Robertson said such attitudes were not helpful given the number of 80-year- olds w ho remain ―sharp as pins‖.(94) ―If you start to think of yourself as old when you are 60, which is no longer justified,you will behave old,‖ he said.Research conducted by his Trinity College colleague, Professor Marina Lynch, showed healthy eating was another key requirement for staying on the ball.(95) Lynch said new research showed fish oils may reduce the cell inflammation that triggers a decline in memory.Section B (10 points)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.96．这决不是解决人口问题的最好办法。
2008-2014年全国大学生英语竞赛C类初赛真题及答案汇总
2008 National English Contest for College Students(Level C--- Preliminary)Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 30 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. To buy a newspaper. B. To find a chemist. C. To post a letter.2. A. Their billing system has been efficient.B. Their old billing system is outdated.C. He’s unimpressed with the new billing system.3. A. She’s been on vacation. B. She’s been at the grocery store.C. She’s been on a business trip.4. A. To go to the market. B. To have coffee. C. To have a discussion.5. A. Changing a flight reservation. B. Canceling a hotel reservation.C. Reserving an extra hotel room.Section B (10 marks)In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, read the five questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Conversation one6. What’s Tania’s phone number?A. 506-6178B. 501-6678C. 501-66877. Who is going shopping at Harrods?A. Tania.B. Karl.C. Karl’s mother.8. How is Tania going to get to Harrods?A. On foot.B. By taxi.C. By tube.9. Which street plan shows the way from the station?A. B. C.10. What kind of wine does Karl want?A. Red Merlot.B. White Bordeaux.C. Rose Chianti. Conversation Two11. Which drawing shows the position of the handle?A. B. C.12. What other product features are included?A. A range of handle sizes.B. A variety of color combinations.C. A set of rings for different-sized tins.13. What’s the purpose of the V-clip?A.To hold the paint brush so it drips in the can.B.To prevent paint from getting onto the painted surfaces.C.To prevent the brush drying out if the painter is interrupted.14. Who will probably use the can-holder?A. Artists.B. Decorators.C. Soldiers.15. How much does the product cost?A. ￡4.B. ￡5.C. $4.Section C (5 marks)16. What has prompted the new administration to review the Australia’s citizenship test?A. It’s out of date.B. Higher immigration rates.C. Many applicants failing it.17. Which train provides the easiest way to see Mount Fuji?A. From Tokyo to Yokohama.B. From Osaka to Yokohama.C. From Tokyo to Osaka.18. How many U.N. employees were killed in 2007?A. 17.B. 42.C. 59.19. What have studies found out about severe pneumonia treatment?A.No medication works in developing countries.B.It can be effectively treated at home with oral antibiotics.C.It can only be treated in the hospital with injectable antibiotics.20. What was the bar’s business like before the smoking ban?A. Almost empty every day.B. Usually crowded at midday.C. Empty on Wednesdays.Section D (10 marks)In this section, you will hear a short passage. There are ten missing words or phrases. Fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear on the tape. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Crime isn’t rising because the laws are not strict enough, or because the (21) ________ are not tough enough, or simply because there aren’t enough policemen on the beat. It is rising because the agencies and individuals who can have a (22) _______ effect on crime are not pulling together or in the same (23) ______. The police are one of those agencies, of course. But crime prevention is also a matter for (24) ______ who are content to see mass (25) _______ turn into a way of life, for councils who prefer to shout yah-boo at the police, (26) _____ getting on with making life safer for local people, for architects who design exposed and indefensible buildings, for parents who don’t take enough interest in what their teenage children are getting up to and for (27) ______ who sit inside and moan (28) ______ do anything about the state of the neighborhood or the street. Crime prevention has been neglected for too many by too many. Over the last ten years it has been willfully neglected in defiance of mounting (29) _______ that it is the centralhope of (30) ________ action against crime.Part II V ocabulary and Structures (10 minutes, 15 marks)There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices, marked A, B C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence, then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.31. They are looking for _______ man with _______ long dark hair. He is armed and dangerous.A. a; aB. the; aC. a; /D. /; the32. It was unfortunate, but she had no _____ but to act as she did.A. chance.B. opportunityC. optionD. solution33. The _____ driver thinks that accidents only happen to other people.A. generalB. usualC. commonD. average34. How did they manage to steal the Van Gogh? It was right ____ the security guard’s nose.A. belowB. beforeC. underD. beside35. The student ______ continuing his studies when he had to return to his home country unexpectedly.A. is consideringB. was consideringC. should considerD. has considered36. My friends and I enjoy doing many of the same things. In that respect, we have a lot _______.A. in similarB. in particularC. in commonD. in accordance37. Our planned visit to the United States _______ because we were unable to get the visas.A. fell overB. fell downC. fell throughD. fell on38. Lest anyone _____ it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.A. thoughtB. should thinkC. had thoughtD. thinking39. When Sally ______ the criminal ______ her house, she screamed at the top of her voice because she didn’t want ______.A. saw; enter; killedB. saw; enter; to be killedC. sees; entering; be killedD. sees; enter; killing40. Tina’s children, _____ all live nearby, organized a big party for her eightieth birthday.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. as41. Sometimes it is necessary to be careful _______ the right date to sit for a test.A. when choosingB. when you will chooseC. when you have chosenD. when you chose42. Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at the time _______.A. when he first introducedB. that he first introduced itC. he first introducedD. which he first introduced it43. ________ really. I like both public transport and driving.A. On second thoughtsB. I could go either wayC. I will never learn to driveD. But then again44. _____ I’m getting married!A. Can you keep a secret?B. Well I never!C. Many happy returns.D. Congratulations!45. --- So, do you know where you’d like to go?--- Actually, I’ve heard that it’s very expensive and it’s cold all the time.A. I beg your pardon?B. Yeah, but it’s not very good.C. Do you know any good hotels?D. Do you have any suggestions?Part III Reading Comprehension (20 minutes, 40 marks)Section A (4 marks)There is one passage in this section with 4 questions. For each question, there are four choicesmarked A, B C and D. You should decide on the best choice, then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 46-49 are based on the following passage.Most sore throats are caused by an infection which treatment with antibiotics cannot cure. But with simple remedies the patient normally gets better in 4 or 5 days.Tonsillitis, however, usually starts with a sore throat which causes pain on swallowing. With children and some adults there may be a fever and the patient is obviously not feeling well. It may be possible to see white spots on the back of the throat. The neck may also swell, both of which are the normal response to infection.Sometimes a sore throat may occur with the common cold, and with influenza there may be dryness of the throat, pain on coughing and loss of voice.TREATMENTAspirin: To help relieve the pain on swallowing and (if there is one) the fever, use aspirin tablets dissolved in water, so that the patient can gargle before swallowing. Repeat the treatment every 4 hours.Drink: Encourage the patient to drink plenty of liquids.Food: Food should not be forced on a patient who does not want to eat.Steam: If there is pain in the throat on coughing, breathing in steam may help.CHILDRENYoung children, who may not be able to gargle, should be given aspirin dissolved in water every 4 hours at the right dose for their age.At one year: a single junior aspirin.At five years: half an adult aspirin.At eight years: one whole adult aspirin.WHEN TO SEE THE DOCTORIf the sore throat is still getting worse after 2 days.If the patient complains of earache.If the patient or parent is very worried.46. According to the passage, it would appear that most sore throats _________.A.require an immediate visit to a doctorB.respond quickly to treatment with an antibioticC.rarely turn out to be symptoms of serious illnessD.result in tonsillitis even when treated47. In order to treat a sore throat one should ________.A.prevent the patient from eating too muchB. give the patient up to 4 aspirin tablets every dayC. advise the patient to drink large amounts of liquidsD. make the patient gargle with hot liquids48. You should call the doctor in if _________.A.swelling occurs in the region of the earsB.the patient’s condition worsens after 2 daysC.the patient’s throat is still sore after a weekD.the disease spreads to another member of the family49. What difference is there in the way adults and young children should be treated with aspirin?61.Young children should not be allowed to gargle with it.62.Adults should be given tablets to swallow whole.63.Young children should be given aspirin more often than adults.64.Adults should be given larger doses of aspirin than children.Section B (14 marks)There is one passage in this section with 10 questions. Go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 50-55, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 56-59, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.In 1945 leaders from 51 countries met in San Francisco, California, and organized the United Nations (often called the UN). World War II had just ended. Millions of people had died, and there was destruction everywhere. People hoped they could build a future of world peace through this new organization.The United Nations has four main goals and purposes:1. To work together for international peace and to solve international problems;2. To develop friendly relations among nations;3. To work together for human rights for everyone of all races, religions, and of both sexes;4. To build a center where nations can work together for these goals.Today almost every country in the world is a member of the UN. Each country has signed an agreement that says:1. All members are equal.2. All members promise to solve international problems in a peaceful way.3. No member will use force against another member.4. All members will help the UN in its actions.5.The UN will not try to solve problems within countries except to enforce international peace.Obviously, the United Nations has not been completely successful in its goals. There have been several wars since 1945. However, the organization has helped bring peace to some countries that were at war. It has helped people who left their countries because of wars. It has helped bring independence to colonies.The main United Nations organization is in New York City, but the UN has a “family”of other related organizations all over the world. These organizations try to provide a better life for everyone. One example is UNICEF, an organization that provides food, medical care, and many other services for poor children wherever they live. Another example is the World Health Organization, which develops medical programs all over the world.There are thousands of UN workers in developing countries. They work as planners to increase production in farming and industry. They provide medical services, improve education programs, and spread scientific information. They develop programs that provide jobs and better living conditions. They help countries control their population growth.The United Nations also holds large international conferences, where people meet to discuss important world issues. One conference was about the uses and ownership of oceans. Another was about women. There are also International Years. In these special years, people work together to improve situations and solve problems. One year was the International Year of the Child.For centuries countries have fought each other, and powerful countries have taken control of weaker ones. It is very difficult to persuade nations to live together in peace. Nevertheless, the United Nations is attempting to do this. It is the only organization that unites the world in the search for peace.Section C (10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questions in as few words as possible (not more than 10 words). Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 60-64 are based on the following passage.A language is a system of sounds, gestures, or characters used by humans to communicate their ideas and feelings. There are about 4,000 spoken languages in the world. Some are spoken by millions of people. Other languages have only a few speakers.All languages have rules for forming words and for ordering those words in sentences. In written languages, meaning is expressed through a system of characters and rules for combining those characters. In spoken languages, meaning is expressed through a system of sounds and rules for combining those sounds. Many deaf people use sign languages, in which gestures do the work of the sound system of spoken languages.Word order is more important in English than it is in some other languages, such as Russian. The sound system is very important in Chinese and in many languages spoken in West Africa.Languages are always changing, but they change very slowly. People invent new words for their language, borrow words from other languages, and change the meanings of words as needed. For example, the English word byte was invented by computer specialists in 1959. the English word tomato was borrowed from Nahuatl, and American Indian language spoken in Mexico. The English word meat once referred to food in general.There are several major language families in the world. The languages in each family are related, and scientists think they came from the same parent family. Language families come in different sizes. The Austronesian family contains at least 500 languages, including Pilipino, Malay, and Maori. The Basque language, spoken in northern Spain, is the only member of its language family.The Indo-European language family contains 55 languages, including English, German,Spanish, Russian, and Hindi.Another language family is Sino-Tibetan, which includes Chinese, Burmese, and Tibetan. The Afro-Asiatic family includes Arabic, Hebrew, and Amharic. There are about 150 American Indian languages spoken today. These languages have many differences and have been divided into more than 50 language families.People learn languages by listening, copying what they hear, and using the language. Most children learn their first languages easily, and sometimes other languages as well. Adults often must work harder at learning a second language.Questions:Section D (12 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in each of the spaces, 65-70. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 65-70 are based on the following passage.Welcome to “Software World” --- bringing you the very latest information on what is currently available on CD-ROM. Are you a director or producer looking for an unusual actor to play a part in a new movie project, or with that special look for a new commercial on TV? OK. The usual procedure would be to contact a theatrical agency, who would try and sell you the idea of using one of the actors listed on their books. Books? Too old-fashioned for you? Then get yourself a copy of this latest electronic database called “The Electronic Curtain”.The brainchild of casting agent Fred Harkney of the Better Talent Agency, he says he got the idea of an actor’s directory from his son playing computer games. Noting that junior had to type in the details of the characters in his favorite game, he realized he could do the same for the actors he represents. Eventually, he came to include information on nearly three quarters of the approximately 34,000 actors registered and looking for work in Britain. With some theatrical agencies boasting that they represent over 500 performers, the need for this product is not hard tofathom. It can be a nightmare trying to remember just which actor has done what, or just what an actor can do. The database lists details of over 5,500 actors: TV shows they have appeared in, special skills they possess --- everything down to the color of their eyes and other distinguishing physical features. By entering the details of the type of person you are looking for, the database quickly locates only those persons with the particular qualities requested.One problem though, is that many actors feel it is too impersonal, and they could be missing out on much needed auditions for parts in theatrical shows. On the other hand, it might just get them that elusive job. The days of nervous nail-biting while waiting around to give an audition could well and truly be over. And all because of a small plastic disk. For product details ring this number now: 0171-379-60000.Summary:Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 marks)Section A (5 marks)There are 5 blanks in the passage. Use the word given on the right-hand side to form a word that fits in each blank. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.There are 10 blanks in the passage. For each blank, one or more letters of the word have been given (not exceeding 3 letters). Read the passage below and decide which word best fits each blank, using only one word in each word in each blank. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.True relaxation is most certainly not a matter of flopping down in front of the television with a welcome drink. Nor is it about drifting into an exhausted sleep. Useful though these responses to tension and over-tiredness (76) mi_______ be, we should distinguish between them and conscious relaxation in (77) te_____ of quality and effect. Regardless of the level of tiredness, real relaxation is a state of alertness, yet, at the same (78) t______, passive awareness, in which our bodies are (79) a________ rest while our minds are awake.Moreover, it is as natural for a healthy person to be relaxed when moving as resting. (80) Be_____ relaxed in action means we bring the appropriate energy to everything we do, (81) W______ needs to be rediscovered is conscious relaxation. With this in (85) m______ we must apply ourselves to understanding stress and the nature of its causes, however deep-seated.Part V Translation (15 minutes, 15 marks)Section A (8 marks)Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.After my mother passed away, my dad tried even harder to stay healthy and active. Every morning, until the weather turned too cold, he swam in the turquoise pool in the complex where he lived. (86) Each day, no matter how he felt, he swam one more lap than the previous day, just to prove there was always room for improvement. Every few days he reported the new number of laps to me, pride edging his voice.By his late seventies, in spite of swimming and working six days a week, my dad had noticeably dwindled in strength and energy. By age eighty-one he was in poor health and had to retire. (87) He pretended he didn’t need to lean heavily on me for support as we walked slowly,and I pretended not to notice. His mind was clear, but congestive heart problems and disabling arthritis had worn him down. One day he said, “In case of an emergency, I do not wish to be kept alive by any extraordinary means. I’ve signed an official paper to this effect.” He smiled his wonderful, broad grin and said, “I’ve been blessed to have had your mother as my wife and you as my only child, and I’m ready to go.”Less than a month later he had a heart attack. In the emergency room, he again reminded his doctor and me of his wishes, but I couldn’t imagine, in spite of this latest crisis, that he wouldn’t always be saying, “Have I told you yet today that I adore you?”(88) He was miserable in intensive care; tubes seemed to come from every opening. But my dad still had his sense of humor, asking me, “Does this mean we can’t keep our lunch date tomorrow?” His voice faltered.“I’ll be here to pick you up and we’ll go someplace special,” I answered, a lump in my throat.(89) Dad refused to look at me for the first time in his life and turned toward the blank green wall next to his hospital bed. There was a painful silence between us. He said, “I don’t want you to remember me like this. Promise me you won’t, darling! And please go now --- I’m so miserable. Section B (7 marks)Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.90. 她在阳光下只晒了一会儿，脸就开始变红了。
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z LOOP-END
LOOP <符号表 H> <循环体> END <符号表 E>
该指令是一个循环指令，有两个符号表 H 和 E，符号表由 0~9 和?中的零 个或多个符号构成（其中?为通配符，用以匹配任何符号） 。指令中，循环体内 可以是任何合法的零个或多个指令（循环可以无限层嵌套） 。 指令的执行过程如下： 1. 首先判断当前读写头上的符号是否在符号表 H 中（注意?可以 匹配任何符号，所以如果 H 中包含?，则条件一定成立） ，如果不在， 则跳出循环，否则继续执行。注意：当 H 为空时，循环体将不会执行。 2. 执行循环体内的内容。 3. 当执行完循环体的内容后， 判断当前读写头的符号是否在符号 表 E 中（同样，E 中的?也可以匹配任何符号） ，如果不在，则跳出循 环，如果在，则跳转到第 1 步。注意：当 E 为空时，则条件必然不满 足，将跳出循环。 下面是一个 CAM 的程序（#和其后面的内容表示注释） ，其功能是：当读 写头指向一个用二进制表示的整数的第一个符号时，该程序将此整数加 1。
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WinterCamp 2008
浙江 绍兴 2008-1-30
【输入文件】 输入文件中 trip.in 中第一行有两个整数，N 和 M，描述方块的数目。 接下来 N 行， 每行有 M 个非负整数， 如果该整数为 0， 则该方块为一个景点； 否则表示控制该方块至少需要的志愿者数目。 相邻的整数用 （若干个） 空格隔开， 行首行末也可能有多余的空格。 【输出文件】 输出文件 trip.out 由 N + 1 行组成。第一行为一个整数，表示你所给出的方案 中安排的志愿者总数目。 接下来 N 行，每行 M 个字符，描述方案中相应方块的情况： z z z ‘_’（下划线）表示该方块没有安排志愿者； ‘o’（小写英文字母 o）表示该方块安排了志愿者； ‘x’（小写英文字母 x）表示该方块是一个景点；
./checker TestNo
// 注: 输出 12345 , 23451, 45123 , 51234 皆可。
其中 TestNo 为测试点编号。例如你已经得到了数据 5 的输出 password5.out， 可以使用命令./checker 5 来测试你的输出是否合法。 【特别提示】 请妥善保存输入文件*.in 和你的输出*.out，及时备份，以免误删。
… 9 9 ↓ 1 0 0 8 1 1 8 1 1 0 8 1 8 9 9 …
超能纸带机的程序非常简单，只有三种指令： z L
L <符号 C>
该指令的作用是向读写头指向的纸带单元格上写入符号 C， 并将读写头向 左移动一个单元格。符号 C 可以是 0~9 或?之一，其中，C=9 表示向纸带写 入一个空符号，而 C=?表示不改变纸带上的当前符号。 z R
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0 1 1 0
WinterCamp 2008
浙江 绍兴 2008-1-30
【评分标准】 本题共有 10 个测试点，每个测试点占本题总分数的 10%。 对于每个测试点： 如果仅输出了正确的志愿者的总数目，则得到该测试点 50%的分数； 如果输出了正确的志愿者总数目与方案，则得到该测试点的全部分数； 否则得 0 分； 【数据规模】 所有的 10 组数据中 N, M ，以及景点数 K 的范围规定如下： 测试点编号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 N ≤2 ≤4 ≤2 ≤6 ≤8 ≤10 ≤9 ≤10 ≤10 ≤10 M ≤2 ≤5 ≤10 ≤7 ≤9 ≤9 ≤10 ≤10 ≤10 ≤10 K ≤2 ≤4 ≤3 ≤5 ≤7 ≤10 ≤10 ≤3 ≤10 ≤10
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WinterCamp 2008
浙江 绍兴 2008-1-30
超能纸带机
【问题描述】 超能纸带机（Capability Advanced Machine, CAM）是由一个简单的 程序、一条无限长的纸带和一个读写头构成的。 纸带由一长列单元格构成，每个单元格上可以写 0~8 的这几种符号之一， 也可以为空。为了方便，使用符号 9 表示对应的单元格为空。 程序开始运行前，纸带上已经有一些符号，这个符号序列称为输入。如下 面就是一个输入：
浙江 绍兴 2008-1-30
游览计划
【问题描述】 从未来过绍兴的小 D 有幸参加了 Winter Camp 2008， 他被这座历史名城的秀 丽风景所吸引，强烈要求游览绍兴及其周边的所有景点。 主办者将绍兴划分为 N 行 M 列（N×M）个方块，如下图（8×8） ：
沈园 八字桥 周恩来故居 东湖
大禹陵 兰亭 鉴湖
输入文件中的所有整数均不小于 0 且不超过 216。
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WinterCamp 2008
浙江 绍兴 2008-1-30
窥孔密码
【问题描述】 相传古越州人曾发明过一种信息的加密存储方式，他们将信息表达为 10 进 制数字序列并按顺序刻写在一个易碎陶瓷圆盘的边沿上。
很偶然的机会，小布得到了一个陶瓷圆盘，但陶瓷圆盘被封装在一个可以旋 转的偏振盒中（偏振是一种光学现象，只有沿特定方向振动的光波可以通过偏振 。为了研究陶 盒） 。透过偏振盒，小布只能看到连续的 4 个数字（在圆周上连续） 瓷盘上的数字信息，小布的团队决定打开偏振盒取出陶瓷片，但是不幸的是，在 此过程中陶瓷片破碎了。 在小布团队感到万分沮丧的时候，小布突然想起他曾经在笔记本上记下了一 些已经看到的四位数，但是由于偏振盒是可旋转的，这些四位数的位置与顺序已 经不可分辨。小布决定通过分析记录下来的这些四位数尽可能的恢复原始数据。 于是小布找到了你。 你的任务是恢复圆盘的原始数据。你将得到 N 个小布所记录的四位数，任务 是寻找一个尽量短的数字环，该数字环应包含每个小布所记录的四位数。 【输入文件】 这是一道提交答案型试题，所有的输入文件 password*.in 都已在目录下。 输入文件第一行为四位数的个数 N，接下来 N 行每行一个四位数（可能包含 前导 0） 。 【输出文件】 输出文件 password*.out 应包含两行，第一行为一个整数 M，表示你找到的 数字环长度。 第二行包含 M 个数字(相邻数字之间没有空格, 见样例)，表示数字环。
WinterCamp 2008
浙江 绍兴 2008-1-30
2008 年全国信息学奥林匹克冬令营
NOI Winter Camp 2008
竞赛时间：2008 年 1 月 30 日上午 8:00-13:00
题目名称 目录 可执行文件名 输入文件名 输出文件名 每个测试点时限 测试点数目 每个测试点分值 是否有部分分 题目类型 附加文件 游览计划 trip trip trip.in trip.out 2秒 10 10 有 传统 无 窥孔密码 password N/A password1.in ~ password10in password1.out ~ password10.out N/A 10 10 有 提交答案 checker 超能纸带机 camp camp camp.in camp.out 1秒 10 10 有 传统 camp_r
100811811081
输入必定是一串连续的非空符号，除了输入符号，纸带的其他地方都是空 的。上面的输入在纸带上表示如下：
… 9 9 1 0 0 8 1 1 8 1 1 0 8 1 9 9 …
读写头始终指向纸带的一个单元格。它可以由程序控制左右移动，可以由 程序控制向纸带上写入一个符号， 还可以读出单元格上的符号作为程序运行的 参数。 程序开始运行时，读写头指向纸带的第一个非空符号。如下面是程序开始 运行时的读写头和纸带。
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WinterCamp 2008
浙江 绍兴 2008-1-30
【样例输入】 3 1234 2345 1234 【样例输出】 5 34512 【评分标准】 每个测试点单独评分。 对于每一个测试点，如果你给出的输出文件不合法，如文件格式错误、输出 解不符合要求等，该测试点得 0 分。否则设你的输出答案长度为 ans，对于不同 的测试点，我们还设有 9 个评分相关的常数 c1 ≤c2 ≤ c3 ≤ c4 ≤ c5 ≤ c6 ≤ c7 ≤ c8 ≤ c9，你在该测试点中的得分由下列陈述得出： 如果 ans > 4N，得 0 分。 如果 ans ≤ 4N，得 1 分。 如果 ans ≤ c9，得 2 分。 如果 ans ≤ c8，得 3 分。 如果 ans ≤ c7，得 4 分。 如果 ans ≤ c6，得 5 分。 如果 ans ≤ c5，得 6 分。 如果 ans ≤ c4，得 7 分。 如果 ans ≤ c3，得 8 分。 如果 ans ≤ c2，得 9 分。 如果 ans = c1，得 10 分。 如果 ans < c1，得 12 分。 如果满足多个条件，取得分最大者为最终得分。 【如何测试你的输出】 你可以使用 checker 程序检查你的输出，格式为：
景点含于方块内，且一个方块至多有一个景点。无景点的方块视为路。 为了保证安全与便利，主办方依据路况和治安状况，在非景点的一些方块内 安排不同数量的志愿者；在景点内聘请导游（导游不是志愿者） 。在选择旅游方 案时，保证任意两个景点之间，存在一条路径，在这条路径所经过的每一个方块 都有志愿者或者该方块为景点。既能满足选手们游览的需要，又能够让志愿者的 总数最少。 例如，在上面的例子中，在每个没有景点的方块中填入一个数字，表示控制 该方块最少需要的志愿者数目：
# 将读写头移至该整数的最后一个单元格 LOOP 0 1 R ? END ? # 上面的程序中，只要读写头处的符号是 0 或 1 就右移，所以现在指针指向的是 # 整数最后一个单元格的后一个单元格，还需要向左移动将读写头移回到整数最后一位。 L ? # 将整数加 1，首先将末尾连续的 1 变成 0，然后将最后一个 0 变成 1 LOOP 1 L 0 END ? L 1 # 将读写头移回整数的起始位置 LOOP 0 1 L ? END ? # 已经移出整数，需要向右移动一个单元格使读写头指向整数的第一个单元格 R ?