综合英语课文翻译练习Lesson01
综合英语（一）课文翻译练习及答案Lesson01
综合英语（一）课文翻译练习及答案Lesson01Lesson One: The Time MessageElwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。
本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。
1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look ahead, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control!译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。
例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。
答案是什么呢？控制。
2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you.I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem.译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。
新标准大学英语综合教程1课后翻译完整版(1)
英语课后翻译Unit 11. Finally, with my mother red in the face and short of breath, we find Room 8, I unlock the door, and we all walk in.（☞介词with 表示状态，不必直译。
）等我们终于找到8号房间的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸，上气不接下气。
我打开门锁，我们都走了进去。
2. She impresses me, and I feel so ignorant that I shouldn’t even breathe the same air as her.她给我留下了深刻的印象，我觉得自己太无知了，甚至不配跟她呼吸同样的空气。
3. I don’t know why I have to be introduced to literature but the woman in the admissions office says it’s a requirement even though I’ve read Dostoyevsky and Melville and that’s admirable for someone without a high school education.（☞翻译时将be introduced to literature 变成主动语态更通顺。
我不知道为什么我非得了解文学。
可是招生办公室的那位女士说这门课是必修课，即使我读过陀思妥也夫斯基和梅尔维尔的小说也得选，一个没上过高中的人能读这些书的确令人敬佩，但这门课是必修课。
4. I’m in heaven and the first thing to do is buy the required textbooks, cover them with the purple and white NYU book jackets so that people in the subway will look at me admiringly.（☞I am in heaven 不能直译成“我上了天堂”，这句话应意译。
综合英语 1 课后翻译答案
Unit 11.他对这次面试中可能提到的问题作好了准备。
(confront）He has prepared answers to the questions that he may confront during the interview。
2.他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们,使我们几乎哭出声来。
（touch）His sad experience touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.3.他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步,有说有笑.(hand in hand）The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank，chatting and laughing。
4.听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水.(well up）When he heard the exciting news，tears of joy welled up in his eyes.5。
上海人容易听懂苏州话,因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处.（in common）People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common。
6。
亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在3年内买一幢新房子.(look into）Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years。
7.女儿再三请求到国外去深造,他最终让步了。
(give in to）He finally gave in to his daughter's repeated requests to further her education abroad.8.我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。
大一综合英语1课文翻译
我的第一份工作在宾夕法尼亚州的夏洛瑞市，我的父母经营着一家小餐馆——潘格尼斯餐馆。
餐馆每周营业七天，每天24小时。
我的第一份正式工作是给顾客擦鞋，那时我六岁。
父亲年轻时也曾干过这活，所以他就教我怎样把鞋擦好，还让我问问顾客活干得好不好，如果顾客不满意，应主动给顾客再擦一次。
随着年龄的增长，我的活也多了起来。
十岁时，我已经会收拾餐桌了，并且还当清洁工。
爸爸咧着嘴笑着说我是在他手下干过的最好的“清洁工”。
在餐馆里工作是我骄傲的资本，因为我也在为家里的生计出把力。
但是，父亲明确规定我得符合一定的标准才能成为集体的一员。
我必须守时，勤快，对顾客彬彬有礼。
在餐馆里除了擦鞋以外，其它工作都没有报酬。
一天我犯了个错误，告诉父亲我觉得他每周应付我10美元的报酬。
父亲说：“好呀，那你付我在这儿的一日三餐钱，怎么样？还有你带你的朋友来免费喝饮料的钱？”他算下来我每周还欠他40美元。
这件事情给了我一个教训：在谈判时，你不仅要知道自己想说什么，你还要搞清楚对方会说些什么。
我还记得在外服兵役两年后回家的情景。
我刚晋升为上尉，满脸自豪地迈进父母的餐馆。
父亲的第一句话就是：“今天清洁工休息，晚上你来打扫卫生，怎么样？”我简直不敢相信！我想，我是一名美国陆军军官！但这并不要紧。
在父亲的眼里我只是团队中的一名成员。
我伸手去拿了拖把。
为父亲做事使我明白了一个道理，对团队的忠诚是第一位的，无论这个团队从事的是经营家庭餐馆还是执行“沙漠风暴行动”。
我的第一份工作“做什么事都要有自豪感，”父亲总是这样告诉我，“不管你是老板还是清洁工。
” 15岁时我在一家地方医院有了份兼职工作，他们要我做拖地的活儿。
我笑了，就想到了父亲说过的那些话。
既使我的工作是最低层的，我也非常激动能有事情做。
我没把它看成是个困难，而是看成一个挑战，因为这是我的第一份工作。
我学着去守时，符合工作规范。
反过来，医院里的职工和病人也很尊敬我。
每天早晨，我先设想一下，如果我没能洗涮干净，那沾满麦片粥的碟子只能让病人更感不适。
综合教程1课文翻译
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程1课文翻译Unit 1Vo cabul aryI 1. 1)resp ectab le 2)agony 3)pu t dow n 4)s equen ce 5) hold back 6) d istri bute7) of f and on 8) vi vid 9) ass ociat e 10) fina lly 11) tu rn in 12)tackl e2.1) ha s bee n ass igned to t he ne wspap er’sParis offi ce. 2) wa s soextra ordin ary t hat I didn’t kn ow wh ether to b eliev e him or n ot.3) a c learimage of h ow sh e wou ld lo ok in twen ty ye ars’time.4) g ave t he co mmand thesoldi ers o pened fire.5)buyin g bik es we’ll k eep t urnin g the m out.3.1)rep utati on, r igid, to i nspir e 2)and t ediou s, Wh at’smore, outof da te id eas3) com pose, care er, a voidshowi ng ,hardl y hol d bac kII1.com psed2.sev ere 3 agon y 4ex traor dinar y 5 r ecall 6 co mmand 7 wa s vio latin g8 a ntici pateIII 1 at 2 for3 of4 wit h 5 a s 6 a bout7 to8 in, in 9 from 10 o n/upo nCom prehe nsive Exer cisesI Cl oze A (1)holdback(2) t ediou s (3) scan ned (4) re call(5) v ivid(6) o ff an d on(7) t urn o ut/in (8)c areer B (1)last (2)surpr ise (3)pul led (4) bl owing (5)d resse d (6)scene (7)extra ordin ary(8) im age (9) tu rn (10) ex citem entI I Tra nslat ion1. 1)As it wasa for mal d inner part y, Iworeforma l dre ss, a s Mot her t old m e to.2) H is gi rlfri end a dvise d him to g et ou t of/get r id of hisbad h abitof sm oking befo re it took hold.3)Antic ipati ng th at th e dem and f or el ectri citywillbe hi gh du ringthe n ext f ew mo nths, they have deci ded t o inc rease itsprodu ction.4)It is said that Bill hasbeenfired forconti nuall y vio latin g the comp any’s safe ty ru les./Bill is s aid t o hav e bee n fir ed fo r con tinua lly v iolat ing t he co mpany’s sa fetyrules.5)It is repo rtedthatthe g overn menthas t akenprope r mea sures to a voidthe p ossib ility of a -sev ere w atershort age./Thelocal gove rnmen t isrepor ted t o hav e tak en pr opermeasu res t o avo id th e pos sibil ity o f a s evere wate r sho rtage.2.Susan lost herlegsbecau se of/ ina car acci dent. Fora tim e, sh e did n’t k now h ow to face up t o the fact that shewould neve r (be able to)walkagain.One day, whil e sca nning thro ugh s ome m agazi nes,a tru e sto ry ca ughther e ye. I t gav ea v ividdescr iptio n ofhow a disa bledgirlbecam e a w riter. Gre atlyinspi red,Susan bega n tofeelthatshe,too,would fina lly b e abl e toleada use ful l ife.Uni t 2Vocab ularyI 1. 1) a bsolu tely2)ava ilabl e 3)every nowand t hen 4) are urgi ng/ u rged5) de stina tion6)mos tly 7)hang s out 8) r ightaway9)reu nion10)or some thing 11)e stima te 12) goi ngah ead 2. (1) inthe e xamin ation wasstill on h is mi nd(2) was comp letel y cho ked u p bythe s ightof hi s tea m los ing i n the fina l min utesof th e gam e.(3) was so l ost i n stu dy th at sh e for got t o hav e din ner.(4) h as co me up andI amafrai d I w on’tbe ab le to acco mplis h the proj ect o n tim e.(5) ofequip pingthe n ew ho spita l was esti mated at $ 2 mi llion.3 1) wer e pos tpone d, th e awf ul, i s est imate d 2)refer ence, notavail able, am k ind o f3) notmuchof ateach er ,skips, goaheadII c olloc ation 1 to, 2 f or, 3 at,4 fro m, 5in, 6 to,7 on, 8 wi thI II Us age1 more or l ess,2. ki nd of/ sor t of3 Som ethin g 4 k ind o f/ so rt of 5. m ore o r les s 6.orso methi ngCo mpreh ensiv e Exe rcise sI(1)cho ked u p (2) awfu l (3)pract icall y (4)neigh borho od (5) cor respo ndenc e(6)avai lable (7)d estin ation (8)reuni on (9) Mos tly (10)po stpon ing (11) a bsolu telyTheme-rela ted (1)ho w (2) savi ng (3)emba rrass ment(4)ph one (5)int errup ted(6)tou ch (7)enve lope(8)si gned(9) m essag e (10)need edTr ansla tionI、1、Halfan ho ur ha d gon e by, butthe l ast b us ha dn’tcomeyet.We ha d towalkhome. 2、Ma ry lo oks a s ifshe i s ver y wor riedabout theChine se ex am be cause shehasn’tlea rnedthe t extsby he art.3、Sin ce th e bas ketba ll ma tch h as be en po stpon ed, w e mig ht as well visi t the muse um. 4、He s tayed in A ustra lia w ith h is pa rents allthe w ay th rough Worl d War II.5、Sin ce Igradu atedfromNanji ng Un ivers ity i n 1985, Ihavekindof lo st to uch w ith m y cla ssmat es.I I、It is n ot ea sy to keep in t ouchwithfrien ds wh en th ey ar e far away. Thi s iscerta inlytruein my case.Ithas b een a coup le of year s sin ce Ileftmy ol d nei ghbor hoodand a ll th e fri endsI had ther e. I’ve be en me aning to w riteto th em bu t som ethin g orother come s upand I just don’t see m tofindthe t ime.Theyare a lways on m y min d, ho wever, and I th ink I willcert ainly make an e ffort to k eep u p cor respo ndenc e wit h the m infutur e.U nit 3Voca bular y1 1) bri ef 2)in te rms o f 3) c ut o ff 4) ten d5) any way 6)pr ecise 7)in th e for m of 8)initi ative9)conve y 10) in twominds 11) conc ept 12) gr asp2 1) h as en sured thei r tea m a p lacein th e Cup fina l.2)medic al wo rkers’ res ponsi bilit y tohealthe w ounde d and resc ue th e dyi ng.3)ente rtain as w ell a s edu catethe l earne r.4)can d o wit houtair a nd wa ter.5)islikel y tobe he ld in June.31)liesin conta ct be tween2)b asisof is l ikely suf ficie nt a t the mome nt3)thestead y w ill b e hig hly II Wo rd Fo rmati on1regai ned 2undec ided 3 un dersu pplie d 4 disa bled5 pr econd ition6 f oresi ght 7 mi spron ounce d 8enric hII IAnto nyms1)ma jorit y 2) accp eted 3)in creas ed 4)weak nesse s5) loca l 6) la te 7)wrong8)fal seC ompre hensi ve ex ercis esI Clos e1.Text-relat ed1)high ly 2)br ing a bout 3)ev ident 4)r ate 5)suf ficie nt6)put a cross 7)pr oport ion 8)He nce 9)ens ure 2. Th eme-r elate d1)under stand 2)trave l 3)pra ctica l 4)u se 5)A nothe r6)likel y 7)affec t 8)dev elopm ents 9)su pply 10)Somed ayII Tran slati on1) As i s pre dicte d byscien tists, glo bal p ollut ion h as be comeone o f the mostseri ous p roble ms hu mansare f acedwith.2) C ompet ition forthese jobs is v ery t ough–we h ave f ive t imesas ma nyap plica nts t his y ear a s wedid l ast y ear/there arefivetimes as m any a pplic antsthisyearas th ere w ere l ast y ear.3) As thefacts show, edu catio nal p rogra ms ne ed to fitintothe n ation al pl an fo reco nomic al de velop ment.4) T he ca r bur ns to o muc h gas, and more over, theprice is a lmost twic e asmuchas Iinten d topay.5) To unde rstan d a g reatinter natio nal e vent, we,first of a ll, n eed t o con sider thehisto rical andpolit icalbackg round to i t.2It is hard to i magin e how ourforef ather s cou ld do with out s o man y con venie ncesthatmoder n tec hnolo gy ha s bro ughtabout. Bac k the n onl y a s mallpropo rtion of t hepo pulat ion e njoye d the comf ortsof li fe. T he ma jorit y did n’t e ven h ave s uffic ientfood, notto sp eak o f/ le t alo ne th e pri vileg e ofbeing educ ated. Howe ver,manypeopl e bla me mo derntechn ology forcreat ing s o man y pro blems. The y wan t toslowdownthe r ate o f pro gress. But no o ne ca n put theclock back.Un it 4Vocab ulary1) w reck 2) b alanc e 3) a pproa ching 4) hand le 5) di scard 6) A boveall 7)diet8) dowith9) c hecke d on 10)clean ed up 11) wee kly 12) pr incip les2. 1)to lo ok fo r sur vivor s wer e aba ndone d aft er it hadbeen/was d eterm inedthatall t he pe oplein th e sun ken s hip h ad di ed.2) was amaz ed th at Bo b lef t a w ell-p aid j ob tr avelaroun d the worl d.3) fora loa n has been turn ed do wn by many a ba nk as herbusin ess i s sma ll an d she coul d pro videno gu arant ee.4) exp ressher t hough ts wi th pr ecisi on, s o peo ple o ftenmisun derst and h er.5) wil l wea ken o ur de termi natio n tomoder nizeour c ountr y inthe s horte st po ssibl e tim e.3.1) fo r sal e h untin g for beamaze d by2) b ecome skil led handl e the ir l oans3)ch aract er b y cal lingon he pa ssedawayIIConfu sable word s1.1) pe rsona l 2) pers onnel2.1) so metim e 2) Some times 3)s ome t ime 4) s ometi meI II Eu phemi smd e hcg abf Compr ehens ive E xerci sesI Clos e1. Text-rela ted 1)spo nsore d 2)deter minat ion 3) tu rnedaway 4) a ssume d 5)capac ity 6)ski lled 7)lo an 8) ch aract er 9) hu nting 10) forsale11) s end f or2. The me-re lated1)s ave 2)rec ent 3)mo dest4) gr ow 5) dr eam 6) im migra nts 7)busi ness 8) e ngine ering 9)i nvest 10) richIII Tran slati on1) It i s rep orted that UN m ediat ors h ave w orked outa pla n whi ch th ey ho pe wi ll beacce ptabl e tobothsides.2)Doris walk ed in thefores t cau tious ly, a fraid of b eingattac ked b y gia nt sn akes.3) E arthq uakes, typ hoons andother natu ral d isate rs ca nnotbe pr event ed, b ut ac tioncan b e tak en to prot ect l ife a nd pr opert y.4) I bo ughta new issu e ofmy fa vorit e spo rts m agazi ne an d hur riedhome, anxi ous t o amu se my selfreadi ng it.5)Helen lack s con fiden ce. I’ve n everknown anyo ne so unsu re of hers elf.2.Af ter g radua tingfromcolle ge, T ony d ecide d tostart hisown b usine ss. A t the begi nning, man y a b ank t urned down hisreque st fo r a l oan.But h e was nota bit disc ourag ed, a nd co ntinu ed to call on o ne ba nkerafter anot her s eekin g hel p. Im press ed by hisdeter minat ion a nd op timis m, on e ban ker f inall y agr eed t o loa n him themoney. Nowhe h as be comea wea lthybusin essma n. Ta lking abou t his amaz ing a chiev ement, Ton y say s tha t itis im porta nt to crea te ra therthanwaitfor o pport uniti es.Unit5Voc abula ryI.1 1)month ly 2) acqu ainta nces3)cla ssic4) lo ok; i n the eye5)man ufact ured6) op tions7)fi nance8) r eplac ement 9) s urviv ed 10) pic k out 11)marri ed 12) gra bbedat2. 1) s urviv ed acar c rashthatkille d bot h her pare nts.2) al mostembar rasse d todeath when Sara h rea d mypoemout t o the whol e cla ss.3) ofthe C hildr en’sHospi tal w ill c are f or th e ser iousl y inj uredpupil s.4) seve ral p honecalls maki ng in quiri es ab out t he po sitio n ofthe C hiefFinan cialOffic er. 5) str aight en ou t all your fina ncial prob lemsif yo u joi n our club.3.1) inq uiry; died of h unger; peo ple s urvie d2) I nstan tly;giveup hi s; re tire;repl ace h im; e xecut ive 3) his belo ved;odd j obs;and a ll th atII Word Form ation1. e mbarr assme nt 2. surv ivors 3. n ewly4. ma rketa ble 5. mon thly6. co mpeti tion7.co nceiv able8. re spect ableIII. Usag e1.the p oor 2. The dece ased/The d ead 3. the disa bled4. th e Fre nch 5. The accu sed 6. the youn g7.the u nempl oyed8. th e lat ter…t he fo rmer…Comp rehen siveExerc isesI. Cl oze1. Tex t-rel ated1) di ed of 2) i nstan tly 3) cla ssic4)ask arou nd 5) surv iving 6) r etire 7)ex ecuti ve 8)repl aceme nt9) stoc k 10) look…in t he ey e2.Theme-rela ted1) imp resse d 2)dilig ence3) In stead 4) C ontra ry 5) prof essio nally 6) p erfor m 7)perso nal 8) bal ance9) co mmitm ent 10) re veale dII. Tran slati on1.1) I’m no t sur e whe re yo u can find a go od ca rpent er---you’d bett er as k aro und.2) Fe eling a li ttleembar rasse d, he quic kly c leare d his thro at an d loo ked u p atthe p ainti ng on thewall.3) M ichae l was surv ivedby th ree s ons,two d aught ers,and h is wi fe El izabe th.4) Asa fin ancia l exp ert,Willi am ad vised us t o inv est o ur mo ney i n the stoc k mar ket.5) We smal l ret ailer s can’t co mpete with supe rmark ets i n pri cingand s ales.2.M y dad is a hard-work ing e xecut ive o f a m anufa cturi ng fi rm. H e wor ks si x day s a w eek.Every dayhe ha s tostrai ghten outvario us ki nds o f pro blems so t hat h e oft en st ays u plat e/nig hts.Howev er, h e tri es hi s bes t tobalan ce/ma intai n bal ancebetwe en wo rk an dfam ily.On Su ndays my d ad us ually stay s athomeand c aresfor u s asmuchas he can.To m y gre atest joy, he c ooksour f avori te di shedand p laysballwithus.U nit 6 The comp any m anVo cabul aryⅠ1.1) F ertil e 2) Ref lecte d 3) Ove rseas 4) Slim 5) Spli t 6) Sus taine d 7) Glo w 8) Th rust 9)Keen 10) Bud 11) Prev ious 12) Whic hever2.1)The s ickly smel l ofcarpe ts an d fur nitur e inthe b edroo m dis gusts me.2) Ma ry st opped corr espon dingwithHenry afte r the deat h ofher m other.3)A rad io tr ansmi tteris be st lo cated at a n iso lated plac e far from citi es.4) I w as so abso rbedin th e gam e onTV th at Ididn’t hea r Mar tin c ome i n.5) Therough surf ace o f the bask etbal l hel ps pl ayers grip theball.3.1) tobroad en; m ake t heirway2) dis gusts; tak e a c hance on3) the gran d; an d ove rseas; ref lecte dⅡ1. 1) fri ghten ed 2) afr aid/frigh tened2. 1) a like/simil ar 2) si milar3. 1) a live2) liv ing4. 1) sle eping 2)aslee pⅢ1. 1)disap point ed 2) di sappo intme nt 3) di sappo intin g 4) dis appoi nt 5) di sappo intin gly 6)disap point ing2. 1) attr activ e 2) att ract 3) attr actio n 4) att racti vely 5)unatt racti vely6) unat tract iveC ompre hensi on Ex ercis esⅠC loze1. Te xt-re lated1) I denti fying 2)gripp ed 3) mar gins 4)co rresp ondin g 5) over seas 6)li ttle 7)he sitat e 8)g ratef ul 9) mad e myway 10) goin g myway2. The me-re lated1)fi rst 2)rin g 3)Nor 4) an other 5)threw 6)delib erate ly 7) rea soned 8)himse lf9) rest auran t 10) mat terⅡTrans latio n1.1) Befo re Iwentoff t o uni versi ty, m y gra ndfat her g ave m e a f ew wo rds o f wis dom w hichimpre ssedme de eply.2) N evertellmy pa rents abou t myinjur ies a nd I’ll be very grat efulto yo u (fo r it).3)At th e mee tingsomeof ou r col leagu es pu t for wardsensi ble s ugges tions abou timp rovin g our work ing e nviro nment.4)The m anage menthas/h ave a greed to g rantthe w orker s a 10% pa y ris e inrespo nse t o uni on pr essur e.5) It w as ve ry th ought ful o f the host ess t o giv e the hous e a t horou gh cl eanin g bef ore w e arr ived.2. N ot ri ch hi mself, Unc le Li neve r hes itate s tohelpother s. Pr eviou s to/Befor e hisreti remen t, th rough Proj ect H ope h e loc atedthe a ddres ses o f two coun try k ids w ho gr ew up in p oor f amili es bu t had a ke en de sireto st udy.Fromthenon he sent them mone yreg ularl y. La ter t he tw o mad e the ir wa y tocolle ge, a nd ev en go t a c hance to s tudyovers eas.Unit 7Vo cabul ary1. 1)go (v ery)far 2) ha s exp anded 3) in t he in teres t(s)of 4) onl y to5) en count ered 6) h as co opera ted 7) as sesse d 8) (had) swi tched9) h orizo ns 10) ga ze 11) di saste r 12) wip ed ou t2.1) …a lon g/lon g run ningcontr overs y ove r whe therthe b ook s hould be p ublis hed o r not2) … felt reli evedafter herfirst meet ing w ith T om ha d gon e smo othly3) ... su ddenl y wen t wro ng wi th my comp uterwhenI was in t he mi ddleof wr iting theessay4) … is o bviou s tha t our comp any i s sti ll ma intai ningits c ompos ition as m arket lead er in soft ware.5) … give in u ntiltheygiveher a payrise3. 1) have unde rtake n, or igina l, to expl ore2) evi dence conv inced, und ernea th, e xtend ing t o3)to ne gotia te, e ncoun ter,to fi gureout,explo reII. Con fusab le Wo rds1. fir stly 2. f irst, firs t 3. At f irst 4. F irst/First ly5. firs t 6. Firs t 7. at f irst 8. f irstIII.Usage1. a nimal inte llige nce wh ose 2.zoo k eeper whe re 3. e ye co ntact thro ugh w hat4. mon ey su pply of what5. k iller whal e what kind6. b aby w halehow o ld7. fami ly me mber ofwhat8. se a tur tle what kind/wher eCom prehe nsive Exer cisesI. C loze1. (1) eme rgenc y (2) evi dence (3) orig inal (4)sizin g up(5) n egoti ates (6)revea l (7) mak e a d eal (8) d omina nt(9) intheir inte rest(s) (10) d eceiv ing (11)contr overs y(12) j udgme nt (13)explo re2. (1)prote ct (2) Ho wever (3) type (4) situ ation (5) sigh ts(6) tog ether (7) rang (8) asso ciate (9) with out (10)envir onmen tII. Tra nslat ion1. 1)A loc al bu sines s und ertoo k the proj ect b ut we nt ba nkrup t bef ore i t was comp leted.2)Let’s make a de al—yo u was h mycar,and I’ll l et yo u use it t onigh t.3) We g ot to thevilla ge wh ich w e tho ughtmusthavebeenwiped outin th esev ere e arthq uake, only to f ind i t sli ghtly dama ged.4) My gard en is dryand s hady—few p lants thri ve in that cond ition5) M yster y sti ll su rroun ds th e exa ct tr uth b ehind thefilmstar’s dea th/ex act c ircum stanc e ofthe f ilm s t ar’s deat h.2. When I wa s you ng Iusedto vi sit t he zo o inmy ho metow n. Th ere w hat a ttrac ted m e mos t was a co upleof ti gers, espe ciall y the male. The y wer e dep t ina hug e iro n cag e atfirst, but late r wer e rel eased from it a nd mo ved t o a p lacecalle d Tig er Hi ll. T wenty year s lat er Irevis itedthe z oo an d was reli evedto fi nd Ti ger H ill w as st ill t here, butgreat lyex tende d. Mo vingaroun d now were sixtiger s, ol d and youn g, in stead of t wo!Unit8Voc abula ryI1.1indus trial 2.idle 3.is func tioni ng 4.inte llect ual 5.sc ared 6.ha ndful 7.l uxury8.priv ate 9. w ork u p 10. sl ice11. mir acle 12. wasjamme d 2.1. tobe se rious ly af fecte d bythe r ise i n gas pric es。
综合英语第一课翻译
综合英语第一课翻译在那场大火中，整个古城毁于一旦，但是这块石碑却幸运地保存下来。
(devastate)That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone tablet survived.那场大地震中，我们听到太多太多教师的事迹，他们拒绝离开学生自己逃生，献出了自己的生命。
(leave behind)In that earthquake, we heard many stories of teachers who had refused to leave their students behind and laid down their lives.1980年我遇到她时，她刚从国外读完硕士回来。
(meet up with) In 1980, when I met up with her, she had just returned from abroad with a m aster’s degree.那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进技术，令观众仿佛身临其境。
(illusion)Thanks to modern technology, the film about that ancient battle gives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves.Translation:3. The videotape and the story by the woman filled them with sympathy for the child who had become an orphan in the earthquake.5. The construction of the Yu Yuan Garden began in 1558, but it was not completed until 1578 because building went off and an for lack of money.7. It was my first visit to New York, but I managed to find my way to the little firm.8. It is hard to make it to the top in the movie industry, but as a director Xie Jin did it.1. 那些粉丝在雨中苦苦等了足足两个小时，这位“超女”才到达。
综合教程1汉译英参考答案
10. 在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。（summon） At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conuer the enemy.
uestions that he expects to confront during the interview.
2. 他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声来。（touch） His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.
3. 他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。（m are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing.
4. 听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。（well up） When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes.
5. 上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。（in common） People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.
9. 虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相帮助。（part）
综合教程Unit1翻译
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Practice： 我与另一位作家会合，两人慢悠悠地穿过市中心。 I meet up with another writer and we wend our way through downtown. “哈，”爸爸对我们说，“既然上帝领她来见我，我期望 与她相会。” “Well,” Dad told us, “since the Lord showed her to me, I expected I’d meGrammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Listening
Practice： 另外，我不仅仅留下了装修一新的办公室，还留下了一支受 过良好训练、努力工作、勤恳工作的强大团队。 Moreover, I leave behind not only a well-furnished office, but also a strong team of well-trained, hardworking and fully devoted people. 我们在身后留下什么并不重要，重要的是，我们是怎么活 过来的。 What we leave behind is not as important as how we have lived.
Vocabulary
Grammar
Translation
Integrated skills
Oral activities
Writing
Lesson1汉译英
Key-自考P27.2.(1)—The collapse of the new bridge led to criminal charges against an engineer and two localofficials.(2)—He worked he whole day, leaving his lunch untouched.(3)—Far from being a waste of time, regular exercise keeps/makes students strong and betterable to cope with their study.(4)—At the Sea World ,the seals and dolphins are capable of performing a lot of tricks ,much tothe delight of the young audiences.(5)—Those who tend to take delight in making life difficult for others will be sooner or laterpunished.(6)—In some respects,the new dictionary leaves much room for improvement.(7)—When the bus ran off the road and turned over ,many school children got trapped inside.(8)—At the opening ceremony, the city administration will provide food and drink for morethan 1,000 guests.(9)—In China. Urban families are restricted to having one child.(10)—It hardly matters where we go as long as we get some rest.3)(1)—The boy asked the policeman the way to the railway station.(2)—There are no short cuts in learning a foreign language.(3)—When I learnt that my favorite maths teacher was still teaching in the same school, Idecided to go and see him.(4)--The old worker teaches his children to be honest.(5)—He asked his boss if/whether or not he could leave the office a bit earlier that day.(6)—Hardships teach us to be grateful for what we have.(7)—Upon graduation, he asked to go and work in Tibet for a year.(8)—I just want to care or be cared about. I don’t think I’m ask ing too much.(9)—A wise man learns from his own mistakes.(10)—It would be no use asking for help because it was well past midnight.(11)—The scientist teaches his students that young people should look ahead /(in) to the future.(12)—When asked what his greatest pleasure in life was, she said: ―Learning.P34. 3.1)Both Mary and her children like Uncle Tom very much .2)Either my father or my mother is coming to the parents’ meeting.3)The team is/are training very hard.4)The government is criticized for the policy.5)Neither you or your friend Jack is responsible for this.6)Poultry are easily infected by this disease.Unit 2P65 2）（1）--On the way to Zhengzhou we passed through a village devastated/completely damaged by t he flood.(2)—The usual experience turned Bob into a man of patience and tolerance.(3)—With his hair dyed bright green ,the man looked like a clown.(4)—They constantly measure their work against that of professionals.(5)--The plain-clothes policeman waited in the dark (shadows) for the burglar to show up.(6)—Mrs. Johns’s kindness filled the boy’s heart with hope and gratitude.(7)—The private life of these superstars is much commented on in the local papers.(8)—The girl is distinguished from her classmates by an unusually strong will.(9)—After dusk, the strong and cold wind shifted from southeast to northwest./ After dusk, thewind shifted from southeast to northwest and become strong and cold.(10)—The highest scholarship went to a graduate student who majored/majoring in physics.(11)—Hans Andersen’s fairy tales are known for the profound lessons they contain.(12)—Many people have come to realize the negative effects of using cellular phone in public.3）(1)--The international community recognizes the People’s Republic of China as representing theWhole of China.(2)—As a child, her parents always taught her to be ready to make sacrifices for the benefits of hercountry..(3)—At first sight, we recognized the Remeo on the stage as our English teacher.(4)—The reserve of the English makes them seem conceited.(5)—Different nations define human rights in widely different ways.(6)—My friend George’s essay is recognized for its original thought. His success makes my effortappear insignificant.(7)—Mr. Lin, would you clearly define the purposes of your organization, please?(8)—Our compassion for others and passion for learning make our life more meaningful.(9)—My sister is a pop music fan, but she didn’t recognize the song I was humming.(10)—By definition, cultural icons generally refer to famous television celebrities, fashion models,Professional athletes, film stars, etc. who are much publicized by media.P712. (1.)—None of the students is/are willing to go on an outing this weekend.(2)—All who went to the football match were very excited.(3)—One-fourth of the rooms are not used.(4)—Twenty –five percent of their salary goes on/is used to buy/is spent on food and clothing.(5)—Five kilos of tropical fruits, such as bananas and pineapples, cost/ are worth a lot of moneyhere.(6)—The past ten weeks has/have been the happiest time /ten weeks in my life up to now.(7)—All that he said is unbelievable.(8)—Only twenty percent of the applicants are given the chance for an interview/ areinterviewed.(9)—Two months is/are needed /required to complete this work.(10)—One hundred kilos of rice is more than I can carry.。
大学英语综合教程1课后翻译练习及其答案
综合教程1翻译练习Unit11.这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl)，更不要说走了。
(let alone)The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk.2.威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭，但是我认为他在说谎。
(claim, in one’s opinion)Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie.3.一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。
(to a certain extent, relate…to…, cope with)To a certain extent, the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better.4.根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。
(according to)According to the rule, they both can participate in the game.5.有些人想当然地认为日语中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。
(assume, equivalent)Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word.6.我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。
(relevant)We have passed all relevant information on to the police.8.事先没有仔细阅读合同(contract)就签了名是吉姆的错误。
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Lesson One: The Time MessageElwood N, Chapman新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。
本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。
1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look ahead, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control!译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。
例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。
答案是什么呢？控制。
2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem.译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。
所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。
3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice.译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。
Message1. Control time from the beginning.4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term.译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。
Message2. Get the notebook habit.5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.译：要旨二、养成用笔记本的习惯。
马上去买个笔记本，用它来计划你每一天的时间，一旦订好下每周的学习计划，每周就要这么做，但容许有些小的变动，星期日是制订下周计划的好时间。
Message3. Be realistic.6 Often you know from experience how long it takes you to write a short essay, to study for a quiz, or to review for a final exam. When you plan time for these things, be realistic.Allow for unexpected things. Otherwise you entire plan may be upset.译：要旨三、要现实些。
你由经验可知道写一篇短文，准备小考或为期术考试复习需要多长的时间，当你为这些事情计划时间时，要现实些，要留有余地，要预计发生意外的事情，否则你的整个计划就会被打乱。
Message4. Plan at least one hour for each hour in class.7 How much study time you plan for each classroom hour depends on four things: (1) your ability, (2) the difficulty of the class, (3) the grades you hope to achieve, and (4) how well you use your study time. One thing, however, is Certain; you should plan at least one hour of study for each classroom hour, in many cases, two or three hours will be required.译：要旨四、为每节课至少计划1小时。
你为每节课安排多少学习时间，取决于4个因素：(1)你的能力；(2)该节课的难度；(3)你希望取得的分数；(4)怎样有效利用你的学习时间。
有一件事是肯定的：你应该为每节课至少安排1小时，在很多情况下会需要2到3小时Message5. Keep your plan flexible.8 It is important that you re-plan your time on a weekly basis so that you can make certain changes when necessary. For example, before mid-term or final exams, you will want to give more time to reviewing. A good plan must be a little flexible so that special projects can be done well.译：要旨五、灵活安排计划。
每周重新安排时间很重要，这样才能在必要时对计划进行调整。
例如，在期中或期末考试前，你要给复习留下更多的时间。
好的计划必须是有一些灵活性，这样便可做好特别的项目。
Message6. Study for sometime each class day.9 Some solid work each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. When you work out your schedule, try to include at least two study hours each day. This will not onlykeep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments.译：要旨六、有课的日子每天都要抽出一些时间来学习。
每天都踏踏实实地学习一会儿，比一天学习很长时间，第二天什么也不学要好。
当你制订你的计划时，每天至少要安排出2个小时的学习时间，这不仅使你能保持这一学习习惯，而且还能帮助你跟上课堂进度。
Message7. Free on Saturday----study on Sunday.10 It is good to stop all study activities for one full day. Many students choose Saturday for sports or social activities. Sunday, one the other hand, seems to be the best study day for many students. It is a good day to catch up on back reading and other assignments.译：要旨七、星期六休息，星期天学习。
把所有的学习任务都停下来一整天是有益的，很多学生选择星期六进行体育活动或社会活动。
另一方面，对很多学生来说，星期天似乎定最好的学习时间，这个时间是用来补上拖欠的阅读任务和其他作业的好时机。
word list （单词表）message n..要旨，要点tricky adj. (工作、问题等)微妙的，棘手的；（人）狡猾的beginning n.开始；起初semester n. （尤指美国大专院校的）学期cover v.处理duty n.任务management n.管理number one adj.最重要的；头号的seriously adv. 真心地，当真地；认真地，严肃地once conj. 一旦……（就……）weekly adj.每周一次的follow v.遵照；沿用following adj.紧接着的realistic adj.现实可行的essay n.作文；短文quiz n.考查；测验upset v. 打乱（计划等）；打翻ability n. 能力；才智grade n.（考试或作业的）分数achieve v. 获得flexible ad j. 灵活的re-plan v.重新计划basis n.基础；根据project n. 课题；科研项目mid-term adj.期中的solid adj. 扎实的schedule n.计划表alive adj. 起作用的；现存的；活着的assignment n.（指定的）作业activity n.活动social adj.社交的；交谊的seem v.似乎；好像back adj.以前的；过去的proper nameselwood n. chapman埃尔伍德·n·查普曼（人名）Useful Expressions(常用短语)look ahead看前面；考虑未来at the beginning of 在……的开始plenty of 大量的have time on one’s hands 有许多时间towards the end of…即将结束时work for 为……效力work against 对……不利get the most out of sth. 充分利用……的机会put… into practice 付诸实践allow for 考虑到at least 至少in… case 在…… 情况下on a weekly /daily basis 每周/每天work out 制定出seem to be 看来，好像keep sth./sb. + adj. 使……保持某种状况run out (of )(被)用完，将尽time is running out.I have run out of money.take… some time to do… 花……时间做……it will take us an hour to get there.depend on取决于，随……而定it depends on how many people are goingso that 以便（用来引出目的状语从句）tell me your telephone number so that i can call you when i have time.catch up on 赶上，补上I have to catch up on my sleep.I didn’t sleep much last night.Verb Pattern 1(动词句型1)主语+系动词+表语(代词/名词/名词短语)Time is money.The dictionary is mine.Wasting time is a bad habit.You mus t become the master of time not ist servant.Sunday seems to be the best study day for many students注意:用于这一句型的系动词主要有appear, be ,become, feel ,look, prove, remain ,seem和prove 后面可加to be.重点词汇短语一重点单词1.message n..要旨,要点,中心思想;信息,信,电报○1Can you tell me the maessgae of the story?你能告诉我这个故事的中心思想吗?○2.Would you mind giving him a message?请你给他带个信好吗?2.cover vt. 处理;涉及○1she is so young that she can’t cover these affairs.她太年轻了,处理不了这些事情.○2.Their work covers a wide field.他们的工作涉及的范围很广.3.upset vt. 打乱(计划);打翻○1Our plan was upset by rainy day.我们的计划被雨天打乱了.○2.A large wave upset the boat.一个巨浪打翻了那只船.4.achieve v t.获得,得到;完成,实现○1At last ,he achieved his father’s support.最后他得到了他父亲的支持.○2.He has achieved only half what he hoped to.他只完成了他原来计划的一半5.flexible adj.灵活的;有弹性的○1This plan is very flexible .这个计划非常灵活.○2.The tube is flexible and tough.这根管子既有弹性又很结实.6.alive adj.起作用的;现存的;活着的○1We must do well we can to keep his hopes alive. 我们必须尽一切可能使他断续抱有希望.○2.Is he still alive?他还活着吗?○3The conflict is still alive.矛盾依旧存在.二.重点短语1.work for /against为…效力/对…不利○1He is working for an oil company.他为一家石油公司效力.○2.Time is working against you.时间越长对你越不利2.put…into pratice 付诸实践We should put these principles into practice.我们应该把这些原理应用到实践中去.3.allow…for 考虑到You must allow for his inexperience你们必须考虑到他缺乏经验.4.keep sth./sb. +adj 使...保持某种状况Keep the room clean保持房间清洁5.depend on取决于,随…而定Whether or not we can overcome the difficully depends on out efforts. 能否克服困难取决于我们的努力.6.catch up on 赶上,补上I have got a lot of work to catch up on .我有很多工作得赶着做.7.the more … the more …越...越…The harder you work,the greater progress you’ll make.工作越努力,进步就越快.Question On the Text (课文问题)1.Who is the article written for ?And why?It is written for first-year college student .Because some of them don’t know how to plan their study time.2.What three things does the author say about time in the first three pargraphs of the article?The three things are : time is tricky,time is dangerous and time is valuable.3.What does the author advise you to do at the beginning of the term?He advise us to make a plan at the beginning of the term4.What is the use of a notebook?It can be used to plan our study each day5.Why is it important to be realistic when you plan time for a short essay,or an exam?Because unexpected things often happen .If we don’t see this and plan to do too many things,our plan might be upset.6.Do you think one hour of study for each class hour is enough? Not enough? Or too much?It depends.Sometimes it enough,but sometimes,two or three hours will be required7.Why a good plan be a little flexble?Because it’s easy to make certain changes when necessary in a flexible plan.8.Do you think it is a good habit to study for some time each class day?Yes.9.On which day of the week do many students stop all study activities? Why that day? Saturyday seems to be best day because after five days of study ,students need a rest. Saturday is a good day for sport.10.Does the author think it is good to stop all study activities both on Saturday and On Sunday? No.he doesn’t. He thinks Sunday is a good day for study.11.How can Sunday be used?It can be used to catch up on back reading and other assignments.12.Which of the seven messages do you think is the most important?Or do you think they are all important? Are you going to put them into practice?I think they are all important. Yes,I am .Written Work (笔头作业)Translate the following passage into English将下面的短文翻译成英语.时间很重要.人人每天都有24小时,每年有365天,一旦我们生命中的一天消逝,就再也不会回来.我们要热爱生命,就不应该浪费时间.我们应该掌握时间.使用时间最好办法就是好好计划时间.在制定学习计划时,我们应该记住两件事.每一,应该现实一些,不要企图干太多的事情.第二,好的计划要灵活一点.我们可以每周做些小的变动,但总的模式不变.让我们当时间的主人,今天就开始我们的计划.译文:Time is very important.Everybody has 24 hours a day,365 days a year. Once a day in our lifeis gone, it will never back .If we love life, we should not waste time.We should control time. The best to use our time is to plan it well.When we make a study plan, we must remember two things. First,we must be realistic and should not try to do many things. Second, a good plan should be a little flexible. We can make small changes but the same pattern every week.Let us become the master of time and start our plan today.V ocbulary Exercises(词汇练习)1.根据下列构词法则完成以下练习.*形容词+_ly(以…方式地)→副词如:stupidly愚蠢地cleverly聪明地weakl无力地clearly清楚地frankly 坦率地gladl高兴的*名词+_ly(以…方式地) →形容词如:brotherly兄弟般的motherly母亲般的ghostl y deathly 死一般的cowardly胆小的manly男子气的*名词+_ly(每隔一段时间发生的/地;每隔一段时间出版的报纸等)→形容词/副词/名词如: Hourly 每小时一次的/地quarterly每季度一次的/地;季刊将_ly加在下列单词后面构成新词,必要时适当更改单词拼写.1)easy(easily) faithful(faithfull y) true(truly) quiet(quietly) bad(badly)2)king(kingly) love(lovely) father(fatherly) man(manly) friend(friendly)3)night(nightly) year(yearly) week(weekly) day(daily) month(monthly)2将下列句子翻译成英语.1)用课文中的词或词组.(1)我的食物都吃光了,得再买点.I have run out of food, so I have to buy more.(2)既然你这么说了,就应该把你的话付诸实践.You have said so, you should put what you said into practice.(3)坐公共汽车去那儿至少要花两个小时.It takes at least 2 hours to get there by bus(4)尽管我们失败了,便至少我们也尽力了.Although we falied,at least we tried out best(5)大声说话,让大家都听得见.Speak a litter louder, so that everyone can be heard.(6你花了多少时间写那篇文章.How long has it taken you to write that article?(7)你似乎很难过.告诉我们发生了什么事了,这样我们好帮你.You seem to be very sad. Tell us what has happened so that we can help you.(8)我们应该保持教室干净.We should keep our classroom clean.(9)我们可以请小王帮我们,他好像有好多时间.We may ask Xiao wany for help. He seems to have plenty of time on his hand.(10)我哥哥下周要来北京,他要充分利用在这里的逗留时间My brother will go to Bejing next week,and He wishes to get the most of the time when he stays here.2)用本课的动词句型1(1)你正是我要找的人You are the person whom(who) I’m looking for(2)这本书不是我的,是约翰的This book is not mine, but john’s.(3)他们一直是最好的朋友They are always the best friends(4)北京一直是个美丽的城市Bejing is a beautiful city(5)那似乎是最好的选择That seems to be the best choice3.用恰当的介词或副词填空.1)Old people like to look back while young people always look ahead.2)I have to catch up on the reading assignment this Sundy. I have no time playing cards(玩扑克牌)3)Toward the end of the semester,the students began to worry about their final exams.4)We’ve run out of writing paper.Would you go and get some,please?5)We lost the game because our age worked against us.6)I don’t know how much time it will take to build this road. It depends on the weather.7)You should work out a plan at the beginning of the term.8)I can tell from experience that something is wrong with the amchine9) Watching TV can keep you up to date on what is happening in the world10)You should study hard.But on the other hand,you should take some time off for sports or other pleasures4.用下列单词填空,每词限用一次.Many Americans (1)use informal shorter names instead (2)of their formal names.For example,someone(3)named Samuel Johnson may be called Sam(4)by his friends. Likewise,Rhichard Brown may ask you to call him Rich;Brbara Stein may (5)want to be called Barb or Bads.The family name(6) comes second in the U.S.”John’s ”family name is Smith. In formal(7)situations ,or when you meet someone(8)for the first time,you would want to call him “Mr.Smith”.Often,even people you do not know very well(9)many want to call you by your first name – this is the informal American (10)custom. Americans think it is friendlier and more relaxed to use the first nameGrammar 语法Nouns(名词)英语名词的分类:1.英语的名词就其词义来说，可分为两类：普通名词和专有名词。