综合英语二上下册课文翻译

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综合英语第二版 1,2,3 三册全部课后翻译

综合英语第二版 1,2,3 三册全部课后翻译

Book 1Unit 11. George has been assigned to the newspaper's Paris office.2. There is a possibility that his wish to become a writer will come true.3. She had a clear image of how she would look in twenty years' time.4. When the officer gave the command the soldiers opened fire.5. As long as people keep buying bikes we'll keep turning them out.Unit 21. It seemed that his failure in the examination was still on his mind.2. He was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game.3. She was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner.4. Something has come up and I am afraid I won't be able to accomplish the project on time.5. The cost of equipping the new hospital was estimated at $2 million.Unit 31. Winning the match today has ensured their team a place in the Cup Final.2. Susan was not informed of the reasons why she was dismissed.3. These computer games entertain as well as educate the learner.4. No living thing can do without air and water.5. The election is likely to be held in June.Unit 41. Efforts to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/was determined that all people in the sunken ship had died.2. I was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job to travel around the world.3. Her request for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her business is small and she could provide no guarantee.4. The home network system on display was found to be very helpful in freeing people from trivial housework.5. Nothing will weaken our determination to modernize our country in the shortest possible time.Unit 51. The extent of the human body's response to a drug depends on the amount taken.2. Mary stopped corresponding with Henry after the death of her mother.3. A radio transmitter is best located at an isolated place far from cities.4. I was so absorbed in the game on TV that I didn't hear Martin come in.5. The rough surface of the basketball helps players grip the ball.Unit 61. There used to be a long / long-running controversy over whether the book should be published or not.2. Kate felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly.3. Something suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay.4. It's a miracle that she survived the air crash when it brought about 109 deaths.5. She is determined not to give in until they give her a pay rise.Unit 71. The comet is visible to the naked eye as a fuzzy ball in the western sky.2. Application papers may be sent via e-mail.3. The city government feeds and shelters the homeless children.4. He was warned by his brothers to keep clear of the street gang.5. I'd like to draw your attention to the fact that the students' enthusiasm about the project has cooled down.Unit 81. The cost of electricity is likely to be seriously affected by the rise in gas prices.2. There has been a decline in the number of people borrowing from public libraries, but book sales are rising.3. They made a suggestion at the meeting that an assistant be appointed to help Mr. Green.4. The local history group was astonished when they heard of/to hear of a plan to build an office building right next to the castle.5. They had run out of water by the time they got to the camp.Book 2Unit 11. It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.2. Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.3. Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.4. Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it?5. If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.Unit 21. The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.2. Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3. Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.4. Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.5. In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.Unit 31. Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?2. The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.3. Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live on welfare for the rest of his life.4. A jury consisting of 12 members voted in unison that Mary was guilty.5. Sean felt humiliated ti hear his talent being questioned.Unit 41. Research shows that laughter can bring a lot of health benefits.2. A slow Internet connecting speed is really annoying.3. As the law stands, helping someone commit suicide is a crime.4. In her report, Mary tries to interpret the data from a completely different angle.5. Sue is a girl of great talent. Her amazing memory sets her apart from her classmates.Unit 51. It is the creativity and dedication of the workers and executives that turned the company into a profitable business.2. The prices of food and medicine have soared in the past three months.3. We plan to repaint the upper floors of he office building.4. His success shows that popularity and artistic merit sometimes coincide.5. I don’t want to see my beloved grandmother lying in a hospital bed and groaning painfully.Unit 61. He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing a computer games, he is far too clever for his classmates.2. Children who don’t know any better may think these animals are pretty cute and start playing with them.3. There is no way to obtain a loan, so to buy the new equipment, I will just have to grit my teeth and sell my hybrid car.4. The hunter would not have fired the shots if he hadn’t seen a herd of elephants coming towards his campsite.5. I find it ironic that Tom has a selective memory --- he does not seem to remember painful experiences in the past, particularly those of his own doing.Unit 71. Many small businesses have sprung up in the city since the new policy went into effect.2. On hearing the news, she smiled briefly, and then returned to her habitual frown.3. He paused for effect, then said: “We can reach/enter these markets through new channels.”4. The addition of a concert hall to the school will help it nourish young musical talents.5. We have no way to protect our personal liberties until we have established a sovereign state,/We can’t protect our personal liberties unless we, first of all, establish a sovereign state.Unit 81. This is a prosperous town, but there is still poverty in the midst of wealth and abundance.2. The Brown family was stricken with one misfortune after another, but their children never complained.3. The museum is designed in such a way that it stands in perfect harmony with its surroundings.4. It was a miracle that these flowers did not wither at all in the blazing sun.5. Flocks of sheep feed on the patches of vegetation that rise above the winter snow. Book 3Unit 11. We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor.2. My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point.3. The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children.4. Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.1. When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.Unit 21. Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.2. Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement.3. According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials.4. Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once.5. Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.Unit 31. The Internet is changing the way people live, (no matter) whether they are in urban or rural areas.2. Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones.3. With regard to our term paper, the professor asked us to analyze the unemployment chart first, and then provide critical reflections on the nations economic development.4. It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.5. Looking back on my twenty years' teaching in high school, I attribute my success to patience, talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge.Unit 41. The volunteers sent/assigned by the Red Cross disinfected, with great caution, the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague.2. Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity but failed.3. Professor Wang received/won the Presidential Award for his excellence in stimulating students' creative imagination.4. As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn't approve of the economic stimulus package.5. Having realized that nobody could help him, Jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and take up/meet the challenge by himself.Unit 51. Grandma took it for granted that food prices would soar, so she bought a lot of rice.2. I can quote you several instances of her dedication to science.3. The 1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones in China.4. Tension between the two countries stemmed in part from the latest spy affair.5. Peter has worked in a law firm for many years. You can consider having him as your lawyer to act on your behalf when you need legal help.Unit 61. The red house stands out against the old trees that reach high up to the sky.2. The salary in/for my new job is great, but for the res t, I’m not satisfied.3. The waters of the two streams mingle near our village.4. We should not mock at other people’s religious beliefs.5. The curtains of the room are not quite in tune with the style of the furniture.Unit 7I. I grew terribly scared when I heard sound of footsteps echoing round the hallway at midnight yesterday.2. The name-brand sports shoes are guaranteed for 12months.3. Snowstorms threw communications and transportation into disorder.4. I’ve been suffering a lot of stress from wo rk lately, I feel like taking a vacation at the seaside.5. Living in an apartment is all right, but it has its limitations--- for example, you don’t have your own gardens.Unit 81. Medical experts debated whether the cloning of human beings should be permitted and what its potential effects on society might be.2. Eighty-five percent of the people in the local area in full-time employment; only 3% describe themselves as unemployed.3. The departments concerned in China will speed up legislation to protect rights of migrant workers.4. In recent years, some psychologists have tried to explain intelligence from a biological standpoint.5. The global financi al crisis has had a huge impact on that country’s export industry. In no more than six months, many factories have closed down by necessity.。

新标准大学英语综合教程2 unit1.~4课文翻译

新标准大学英语综合教程2 unit1.~4课文翻译

新标准大学英语综合教程2 unit1~~4课文翻译答案Unit 1 Active reading(1)大学已经不再特别了有这么一种说法:“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情,你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。

”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人,这话可能是真的。

但是,20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得,那就是:上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。

20世纪60年代,加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。

然而,加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。

1966年,罗纳德·里根竞选加州州长,他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。

”自由派人士回答说,大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。

<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:office:office" />在欧洲的大学校园里,大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去,大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。

许多抗议是针对越南战争的。

可是在法国,巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟,发动了一场大罢工,最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。

20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。

不论在什么地方,上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味,初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。

你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书,看你的第一部独立影人电影,或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米·亨德里克斯或兰尼·布鲁斯的志同道合者。

那是一段难以想象的自由时光,你一生中最无拘无束的时光。

可如今那份激情哪儿去了?大学怎么了?现在,政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力,而是冲破其阻力才发生的。

当然,一点不假,高等教育仍然重要。

例如,在英国,布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50%的30岁以下的人上大学的目标(即使愤世嫉俗的人会说,这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外)。

大学综合英语第二册课文翻译

大学综合英语第二册课文翻译

Unit1 等候的人们我坐在一个机场,观察着等候所爱之人到达或离开前最后一刻的人们。

他们有的不安地来回走着,有的互相凝视着,有的拉着对方的手。

此时的感情是强烈的。

一位讲西班牙语的女士正来回转圈地跑着,想要将全家人集中起来道别。

她的嗓门很高。

当登机前的最后时刻到来时,她用双臂搂着儿子,似乎这一紧紧的拥抱能保佑他将来平安地归来。

在我候机坐位旁的栏杆边站着一位祖母和她的孙子,该来接他们的人还没到。

他们旁边有两位女士,互相之间显然没有关系,但她们的眼光都象扫视着大海的探照灯一样朝通道口仔细地搜索着。

一位怀抱婴儿的母亲正与丈夫吻别。

泪水打湿了她的面颊。

这时刻十分令人动情。

在第13号出口处,抵达者们刚刚进站。

“我看见她了,她在那儿。

”以同样感人的激情,这些抵达者融入了庞杂的人群,仿佛他们是这人群中失而复得的一个组成部分。

泪水、笑容,和由衷的快乐洋溢在久别重逢的欢声笑语中。

我坐着边翻书边等着我的登机时刻,感到有点孤独,因为亲人与我的时间不配;而我要去见的人,我的女儿,却在我旅程的另一端。

我在回想往日的离别和重逢。

忆起我看见女儿,就是我现在要去见的女儿,正从那狭窄的通道走过来,肩上背着背包,怀里抱着塞得满满的行囊,带着的耳机让她无暇顾及身旁川流不息的人群。

她当时上大学一年级,11月回家度假——8月份以来第一次回家。

我紧紧地拥抱着她,似乎我曾失去过她。

今天我乘坐的航班晚点两小时。

手里的书今天读起来没劲,不如观看眼前这熙来人往的人群。

一个5岁左右的男孩第一次见到他的祖父。

他一点点往上看,半天才看到了对成人来说并不算高的一位男人的脸。

一高一矮的两人脸上都放出了喜悦的光芒,我不知道人们如何能用语言和胶卷来捕捉这一时刻。

当我的航班终于呼叫登机时,我收起书本和行李。

既然无人相送,我就没有回头看看来时的方向,而是在想上班的丈夫此刻极想知道我是否已起飞,在另一端的女儿也正惦记着同一件事。

登机时,我回想起另一种离别和重逢。

有一次我新婚不久,91岁的祖父去世了。

(完整版)全新版大学英语综合教程第二册1~6单元A课文翻译及原文整理最新版

(完整版)全新版大学英语综合教程第二册1~6单元A课文翻译及原文整理最新版

Unit1 A Learning, Chinese-StyleUnit2 A A Life Full of RichesUnit3 A Father Knows BetterUnit4 A A Virtual LifeUnit5 A True HeightUnit6 A A Woman Can Learn Anything a Man CanUnit1Howard Gardner, a professor of education at Harvard University, reflects on a visit to China and gives his thoughts on different approaches to learning in China and the West.哈佛大学教育学教授霍华德·加德纳回忆其中国之行,阐述他对中西方不同的学习方式的看法。

Learning, Chinese-StyleHoward Gardner 1 For a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern Chinese city of Nanjing with our 18-month-old son Benjamin while studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.中国式的学习风格霍华德·加德纳1987年春,我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月,同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。

综合英语二册课文翻译unit2-unit9

综合英语二册课文翻译unit2-unit9

UNIT2同感是怎样表露的1霍普才九个月大,一见到另一个婴儿摔倒,泪水就涌了出来。

她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰,就好像是她自己摔疼了。

15个月大的迈克尔去把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗;保罗不停地大哭的时候,迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。

这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动都是接受过记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到的。

这项研究的结果表明,同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。

实际上,从出生的那天起,婴儿在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会感到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。

2成长心理学家发现,甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其他人而存在之前,婴儿就感受到了同情的苦恼。

甚至在出生后几个月,婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应,就好像他们自己的烦躁不安一样,看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。

到了一岁左右,他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们的,而是别人的,可是他们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。

例如,在纽约大学的马丁·L.霍夫曼所做的一项研究中,一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉过来安慰哭闹的朋友,却忽视了同在一室的朋友的妈妈。

这样的困惑在其他一岁大的孩子身上也能看到,他们模仿别的孩子的痛苦,也许是为了更好地理解他们的感受。

例如,如果别的婴儿伤了手指,一个一岁大的孩子就会把自己的手指放进嘴里,看看自己是否也感觉到痛。

看到自己的妈妈哭,婴儿即使没有眼泪,也会擦拭自己的眼睛。

3这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始字面含义,而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。

铁钦纳的理论是:同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿;这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理感受。

他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词;同情是针对他人的一般困境而发的,无须分担他人的任何感受。

4小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿行为,那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同,会更有能力安慰别人。

下面是摘自一位母亲日记里的典型事例:5邻居家的婴儿哭了,珍妮走上前去,试图给他一些小甜饼。

综合英语(二)(下册)参考译文

综合英语(二)(下册)参考译文

第一课礼貌:通向幸福的钥匙诺尔曼·温森特·皮尔博士1多年以来,帮助人们解决各种各样问题的过程使我深信:在一个事例中,如果人们相互以礼相待,问题完全可能会得到解决,或许根本不会出现。

2礼貌也好,客气或文明举止也好,无论你称它什么,其供应似乎总是小于需求。

一位泪流满面的妻子向我透露说:“(使我伤心的)倒不是我丈夫说的那些话,而是他说话时的态度,他凭什么要对我大声嚷嚷?”“我讨厌我的上司,”一位面色铁青的职员嘟哝说,“不管干什么,就没有听到他的一句赞扬的话。

”一位焦虑的母亲说:“从我们孩子那里所看到的就是他的闷闷不乐的情绪。

”3这些抱怨不仅是那些坐到我的书房里和我谈心的人才有,世界上的人们都渴望受到礼遇。

拉夫·沃尔多·爱默生说:“礼貌是愉快行事的方式。

反之一样,不文明的举止可以破坏一天的心情,或许会毁掉友情。

”4文明举止的基本要素是什么呢?强烈的公正意识当然是一个要素,文明举止往往只不过是高层次的公平意识。

一位朋友曾经告诉我他开车行驶在狭窄的山间土路上,在他的前面有一辆车掀起呛人的尘土,他们离最近的柏油路也还有不短的距离。

突然,在宽一点的地方,前面的车开到了一旁。

我的朋友以为车主的发动机可能出了毛病,就把车停了下来,问他是不是车出了问题。

那位司机说,“不,你跟在后面吃尘土已经这么久了,剩下的路,还是让我跟在你后面吃尘土吧。

”这真是一位有礼貌的人,一位天生有着公道意识的人。

5礼貌的另一个要素是能够理解别人的心情。

这一品质能使人深入他人的思想和内心世界,理解他们感情深处的痛苦或是不幸并尽力使之减缓。

最近在一本关于一家著名的餐馆的书里看到这样一件事。

6一个人正在进餐,他想拧开调味番茄酱瓶盖,但是,他的手指因关节炎而留下严重残疾,拧不开瓶盖。

他请求一位年轻的服务员帮助他。

这个服务员拿起瓶子,转过身子,毫不费力地拧开了瓶盖。

然而他却又把瓶盖拧紧。

转过身来对着那人,假装使出很大的劲还是没有拧开瓶盖。

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文翻译及课后答案(全)

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文翻译及课后答案(全)

全新版大学英语综合教程2课文翻译及课后答案(全)全新版大学英语综合教程2课文翻译及课后答案(全)课文翻译Lesson 1 FriendshipFriendship is one of life's most important treasures. Friends bring us joy, support, and understanding. They are there for us in good times and bad, and they help us grow and become better individuals.In this lesson, we are introduced to the concept of friendship through the story of Damon and Pythias. Damon and Pythias were two loyal friends who lived in ancient Greece. When Pythias was accused of plotting against the tyrant Dionysius, he was sentenced to death. However, Damon offered himself as a hostage so that Pythias could go home and say goodbye to his family. Dionysius was skeptical of Damon's loyalty and gave him a deadline. If Pythias did not return by the appointed time, Damon would be executed in his place. Despite the risk, Pythias returned just in time to save his friend's life. The tyrant was so moved by their friendship that he released Pythias and allowed the two friends to continue their bond.The story of Damon and Pythias teaches us about the importance of loyalty and sacrifice in friendships. True friends are willing to go to great lengths to help and support each other. They are selfless and put the well-being of their friends above their own.Friendship is not only based on loyalty and sacrifice but also on trust and understanding. Friends should be able to confide in each other and know that their secrets are safe. They should also be able to communicate openly and honestly, even when it's difficult. When trust and understanding exist within a friendship, it becomes a safe haven where individuals can be themselves without fear of judgment.Lesson 2 SuccessSuccess means different things to different people. For some, success is measured by wealth and material possessions. For others, success is achieving personal goals and finding fulfillment in life.This lesson introduces us to the story of Jack and the Beanstalk. Jack, a poor boy, was given magic beans in exchange for his family's cow. These beans grew into a giant beanstalk that reached the sky. Jack bravely climbed the beanstalk and discovered a giant's castle where he found treasures and riches beyond imagination. Jack's journey represents the pursuit of success and the willingness to take risks.Success requires determination, hard work, and a positive mindset. It involves setting goals and working tirelessly to achieve them. Along the way, there may be obstacles and setbacks, but successful individuals persevere and stay focused on their objectives.Success is not solely measured by material wealth but also by personal growth and self-fulfillment. It's about finding happiness and contentment in one's achievements and embracing the journey rather than just the destination.课后答案Lesson 1 Friendship1. What is one of life's most important treasures?- Friendship.2. What do friends bring us?- Joy, support, and understanding.3. Who were Damon and Pythias?- They were two loyal friends who lived in ancient Greece.4. What happened to Pythias?- He was accused of plotting against the tyrant Dionysius and was sentenced to death.5. What did Damon do to help Pythias?- Damon offered himself as a hostage so that Pythias could go home and say goodbye to his family.6. What did Dionysius do to test Damon's loyalty?- He gave Damon a deadline. If Pythias did not return by the appointed time, Damon would be executed in his place.7. Did Pythias return in time?- Yes, Pythias returned just in time to save his friend's life.8. How did the tyrant react to Damon and Pythias' friendship?- The tyrant was moved by their friendship and released Pythias, allowing the two friends to continue their bond.Lesson 2 Success1. How do different people define success?- Different people define success in different ways. For some, it's measured by wealth and material possessions. For others, it's about achieving personal goals and finding fulfillment in life.2. What did Jack receive in exchange for his family's cow?- Jack received magic beans.3. What did the magic beans grow into?- The magic beans grew into a giant beanstalk that reached the sky.4. What did Jack find in the giant's castle?- Jack found treasures and riches beyond imagination in the giant's castle.5. What qualities are required for success?- Determination, hard work, and a positive mindset are required for success.6. What should individuals do when facing obstacles and setbacks?- Successful individuals should persevere and stay focused on their objectives when facing obstacles and setbacks.7. How should success be measured?- Success should not only be measured by material wealth but also by personal growth and self-fulfillment. It's about finding happiness and contentment in one's achievements and embracing the journey.注意:以上仅为翻译示例及课后答案,具体课文内容请参照教材。

综合英语(二)下册课文翻译及详解解析

综合英语(二)下册课文翻译及详解解析

综合英语(⼆)下册课⽂翻译及详解解析Lesson OneCourtesy: Key to a Happier World礼貌:⼀个更加愉快的世界的秘诀Dr. Norman Vincent PealeLearning Guide⼈⽣活在群体之中,为了解决⾃⼰的⾐⾷住⾏,处处都要与他⼈打交道。

即使是在英国⼈称之为―⾃⼰的城堡‖的家⾥,⼈们也必须和睦相处,才能相安⽆事。

风烟四起,⾆战连绵,轻者使团体和家庭⾯和⼼不和,重者会导致团体⽡解,家庭破裂。

处理好⼈际关系的秘诀是什么?本⽂作者在多年⼼理咨询⼯作中得出结论:以礼待⼈。

他认为,不可⼩看如何对待他⼈⼀事,礼貌不仅仅是个⼈举⽌问题,⽽且也反映⼀个⼈的⼈⽣观。

他还提出了⼀些化解⽭盾和冲突的具体建议,你不妨试试。

1 ①Many years ago trying to help people with every kind of trouble left me with one sure conviction: in case after case the difficulty could have been overcome — or might never have arisen — if the people involved had just treated one another withcommon courtesy. 多年以前,帮助⼈们解决各种各样的问题的过程使我深信:在⼀个个事例中,如⼈们相互以礼相待,问题完全可能会得到解决,或许根本不会出现。

①Many years ago trying to help people with every kind of trouble left mewith one sure conviction...多年以前,帮助⼈们解决各种各样问题的过程使我深信......Trying to help people with every kind of trouble caused me to believe one thing firmly…2 ①Courtesy, politeness, good manners — call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. 礼貌也好,客⽓,或⽂明举⽌也好,⽆论你如何称呼它,其供应似乎总是⼩于需求。

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綜合英語二上冊課文翻譯lesson1学校要是教给我们这12种本领就好了卡尔·萨根1.二战刚结束,我在纽约和新泽西的公立学校上了初中和高中。

现在想来似乎是很久远的事了。

学校的设施、教师的水平在当时的美国大大高于一般水准。

因而,那时的我可以说是受益匪浅。

我所学到的最重要的一点,就是要学的东西实在是太多,而我还没有学到的东西也太多。

有时候,我想那时要是能学点真正重要的东西,今天我会多么地心存感激。

在有些方面,当时的教育十分狭窄;关于拿破仑,在学校里我所学到的仅仅是美国从他手里买下路易斯安那。

(在一个约95%的居民不是美国人的星球上,学校当局认为只有美国历史才值得讲授。

)在拼写、语法、数学基础知识以及其他重要的学科的教授上,我的老师们做得相当不错。

但是还有许多其他的东西,我曾希望他们教授给我。

2.或许该教而没教的缺陷自那以后已经得以纠正。

照我看来似乎有许多东西(主要是态度问题、认识问题,而不是简单的对事实记忆的问题)学校应当教授——那些在以后的生活中真正有用的东西,即那些能使国家更强大、世界更美好,也能使人们更幸福的东西。

人类乐于学习。

这是我们人类比这个星球上其它物种做得好些的为数有限的几件事中的一件。

每个学生都应该经常体验一下说出“啊,原来是这么一回事!”时的感受——也就是你以往不懂的或是不知道自己不懂的事情,一下子变得豁然开朗时的感受。

3.下面就是我列出的方法:挑一件难事,从中学习4.希腊哲学家苏格拉底曾经说过这是人类最大的乐趣之一,确实也是如此。

与其涉足多门学科而略知一二,莫如选其一两个学科学深学透。

只要你对所选的课题感兴趣,只要你的研究不脱离课题本身更为广阔的人文环境,你的课题是什么并不重要。

教会你自己一个课题以后,你就会对教授你自己另一课题的能力更加充满信心。

你会逐渐发现你已获得了一种主要技能。

世界的变化日新月异,你必须在一生中不断地教授你自己。

但不要沉溺于你感兴趣的或你擅长的第一门学科而止步不前。

这个世界充满了奇妙的事物,有些我们完全长大成人之后才会发现;很遗憾,大部分我们一辈子也发现不了。

不要害怕问“愚蠢的”问题5.许多明显幼稚的提问其实是很深刻的问题,诸如草为何是绿的,太阳为何是圆的,为什么我们的世界需要55000个核武器。

对这些问题的回答很可能会使你对事物有深刻的理解。

尽可能明确你有哪些事情不明弊同样也很重要,提问题就是找出不懂之处的办法。

提“愚蠢的”问题,对于提问者来说需营勇气,对答问者来说需要知识和耐心。

不要把自己的学习局限于课堂。

与朋友深入地讨论观点或想法。

明知会引起嘲笑而提问要比把问题埋在心里、对周围的一切变得麻木不仁要勇挂得多。

仔细倾听6.很多情况下人们谈活时,总是争相表现自己,这类交谈对双方都无多大益处。

当别人在谈话时,不要费时去思考自己接下来打算说什么,而是设法搞懂他们说的是什么,什么样的经历才使他们说这些话,你从这些话中能学到什么,你对说这些话的人又能了解到什么情况等。

老年人所经历的世界与你所经历的截然不同,你也许对其知之甚少。

老年人及来自其他地方和其他国家的人们有可以丰富你的生活的十分重要的对事物的看法。

人人都会犯错误7.每个人对事物的理解都是不全面的。

要乐于接受改正,学会纠正自己的错误。

你应该感到丢人的倒是没有从错误中吸取教训。

了解你所处的星球8.这是我们仅有的一个星球。

要了解它是如何运作的。

我们往往为了短期的利益,在尚不了解(这些做法)长远影响的情况下,正在改变大气层、改变地球的表面以及地球的水系。

任何一个国家的公民至少对我们人类要走向何处都有发言权。

如果我们不理解这些问题,我们就是放弃未来。

科学与技术9.除非你了解科学与技术,否则你不会了解你所在的星球。

我记得学校的理科课程专讲科学的次要方面,而对科学的深层含义几乎只字不提。

现代科学的每项重大发现同时也是对人类精神的重大发现。

例如,哥白尼证明地球根本不是什么太阳、月亮及其他行星和星球按顺时针方向绕其转动的宇宙中心,它只不过是许多小小世界当中的一个而已。

这当然煞了我们人类的自命不凡的傲气,但是同时(哥白尼的学说)也开阔了我们的眼界,使我们看到一个漫无边际的、令人敬畏的宇宙。

每个高中毕业生都应对哥白尼、牛顿、达尔文、弗洛伊德以及爱因斯坦的深刻思想有所了解。

(爱因斯坦的狭义相对论并不晦涩,也不是特别难懂,只要有一年级的几何知识和在河中划艇逆流而上和顺流而下的概念,其基本原理就完全可以弄懂。

)不要终生沉迷在电视上10.你当然知道我在说什么。

文化11.感受一下文学、艺术和音乐名篇的熏陶,既然一部作品已存在了几百年或是几千年,今天仍然受到赞赏,那么大概它确实是有些名堂。

要搞清楚人们到底为什么对这些作品还如此热衷,你就得下点功夫,一切感人至深的经历莫不如此。

但是一旦你付出努力,你的生活就会得到改变;你就会获得你余生可享受到的快乐与兴奋的源泉。

在我们所处的联系如此紧密的一个世界里,不要仅仅沉迷于美国或西方文化之中,要了解其他地方的人们是如何想的,想些什么。

了解他们的历史、他们的宗教以及他们的观点。

同情12.许多人认为我们生活在一个异常自私的时代。

如果你仅为自己活着,那你就会感到空虚、感到孤独。

人是能够相互同情、相互热爱、相互关心的。

但是,这些感情需要鼓励才能不断增强。

13.如果你看到一个一两岁的孩子学做一件事时的乐趣,你就会明白人类学习的意志有多么坚强了。

我们有渴望了解宇宙的热忱,我们有对他人的同情心,人类的希望主要寄托于此。

第二课偶像英雄与文化偶像加里·高西加里安1 如果让你列举10位美国的英雄人物,下列人物极有可能榜上有名:乔治·华盛顿、亚伯拉罕·林肯、丹尼尔·布恩、马丁·路德·金、埃米利亚·埃尔哈特、苏珊·B·安东尼、杰奎林·肯尼迪·奥纳西、海伦·凯勒、伊丽莎白·卡迪·斯坦顿、以及罗莎·帕克斯。

如果再让你列举一些在社会上受到普遍欣赏、貌似非凡的人,恐怕你会开列一份全然不同的名单。

事实上,这些人只是因其巨额财富和外在魅力而受到赞赏,而并非由于他们的显著成就与内在人格魅力而得到世人瞩目。

做出如此选择的绝非你一个人。

民间测验表明今天人们已不再选择那些创造了历史的政治领袖作为“最钦佩的人物”,而是选择了影视名人、时装模特、职业运动员、甚至连环画和漫画中的人物。

简而言之,选择的都是媒体偶像。

2 就定义而言,英雄之所以与众不同是由于他们具有非凡的勇气,取得了卓越的成就,常常舍己为人——他们是我们衡量别人的标准。

他们是大家公认的不仅对他们的崇拜者的一生,而且对国家意识观念的形成和国家的发展都起着举足轻重作用的人物。

但是,有人说,我们生活在一个难以产生真正英雄的时代,我们无法理解英雄主义这个概念到底是什么——它是过去时代的产物。

有人坚持认为,由于冷战结束,由于美国正处在和平时期,因此我们这个时代基本上不是一个英雄豪壮的时代。

此外,我们这个时代犯罪率总体下降,日益强大的经济实力使国内的贫困状况得到缓解,医学事业也在不断发展进步。

因此,由于缺失了民族文化的英雄,我们便迷上了通俗文化的偶像——那些如演员、运动明星、电视明星的媒体巨星以及那些只是因为有名而成名的人。

3 给通俗文化偶像下定义更难。

但我们会一眼识出他们。

他们已经超越名流,成为传奇式人物,或者不知何故已经成了神话式的人物。

究竟是哪些因素使有些人成为偶像,另一些人仅成了名流了呢?这个问题很难回答。

部分原因是因为他们的生平带有故事的传奇色彩。

举个例子,年青貌美的戴安娜·斯宾塞19岁时嫁给了王子,生下了小王子,后声明放弃婚姻与王位,然而在找到真爱之时却死于非命。

长相漂亮当然有用。

借助媒体炒作也来的那种难以描述的特殊的个人魅力也同样有用。

然而悲剧性的英年早逝却是造就偶像最重要的因素,如马丁·路德金、约翰·F·肯尼迪以及戴安娜王妃。

当名人唐娜·伍尔福克·克罗萨4 百年以前,人们因其所做出的成就而出名,像J.P.摩根,E.H.哈里曼和杰·古尔德等人都是著名的事业有成之人;托马斯·爱迪生,马克·吐温以及苏珊·B·安东尼也是大有作为之士。

5 即使今天,他们的成就依然显而易见。

当今,人们成名往往不是因为他们做出了什么意义深远的成就。

今天我们最崇拜的人物通常是那些被媒体频频炒作、最出风头之流。

6 1981年,一项盖洛普民意测验表明南希·里根是全国“最受爱戴的女人”。

在那一年前,这项殊荣属于卡特总统夫人罗莎琳。

事实上,现任总统夫人总会成为全国最受爱戴的女人。

正如作家丹尼尔·布尔斯廷所说,今天的名人是“因为有名而成名的人”。

7 要想成名得有运气,而不是成绩。

正如布尔斯廷所说:“英雄因其成就而出众,而名流则凭他们的形象或特征而出名。

英雄凭借自己的实力,而名人要靠媒体的炒作。

英雄是了不起的人物,而名流则是了不起的名声。

”8 另外一种区别是英雄令人尊敬,而名流引人嫉妒。

我们中没有什么人会认为自己能成为第二个乔纳斯·索尔克或是第二个埃莉诺·罗斯福。

但是我们能成为一个像特莉·萨瓦拉斯或苏珊娜·萨默斯那样的电视明星。

要是没有媒体的关注,这些人和我们完全一样。

9 由英雄崇拜到名流崇拜的转变始于本世纪初。

这种转变与新兴的传媒方式的出现密切相关——首先是摄影,继而是电影、收音机与电视。

美国人平生第一次亲眼目睹了他们心目中的英雄。

以前,像古尔德和哈里曼这们的家喻户晓的人物很可能穿过人群而不会被认出来。

报纸上照片的出现使得名人成为名流。

他们的衣着、外貌以及举止成了人们广为评论的对象。

公众的注意力逐渐地由了解这些人做些什么转移到了解他们长的是什么样子。

10 电影的出现加速了这种转化。

从1901年到1914年,杂志上74%有关名人的文章是写政治领袖、发明家、专家及商业家的。

然而,从1992年起,大多数文章在报道电影名星。

11 电视的出现使我们对明星的面孔像对家里人的面孔那样熟悉。

我们对名流们生活的了解比我们对大多数熟人的了解还要多。

第一部电影出现后不到70年的时间,英雄崇拜已经完全转变为名流崇拜。

12 今天在电视台的脱口秀节目中一露脸就绝对证明了你在美国已经“一举成名”了。

实际上,“脱口秀”这个名字会让人产生误解。

名流们在这个节目中出场并不是因为他们确实想说什么或是口才很棒,而纯粹是为了出名。

他们想仅仅通过在荧屏上露面来证明自己是“重要人物”。

13 做一名脱口秀节目嘉宾不需要妙语连珠、能言善辩、才华出众、见解深刻、智力超群。

一位《今夜访谈》从前的策划人说,如果他问一位已约定好的嘉宾“你想和主持人谈些什么”,回答往往是“让他随便问我好了”。

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