老托福阅读真题PASSAGE 66
托福听力tpo66section1 对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo66section1对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文Conversation1 (1)原文 (1)题目 (3)答案 (4)译文 (4)Lecture1 (6)原文 (6)题目 (9)译文 (11)Conversation1原文Student:How was that conference last weekend?Professor Miles.Professor:Great.I heard some really terrific presentations,refreshing topics too. About all these,you don't usually hear too much about.Student:why not?Professor:Oh,it's a funny thing about academia.It thinks scholars would do research about every topic imaginable.But actually,some authors,some genres aren't respective very much.So not very much is written them...gothic literature,detective novels.Student:But that's what the conference was about？Professor:Yeah,pretty much.It was kind of subversive,I guess.But there's a whole wealth of knowledge out there just waiting to be explored.I find that really exciting.Student:Sure.Professor:Yeah.Anyway,you wanted to ask me about the final paper?Student:Yeah，which I see now ties into the theme of that conference,since we're supposed to write about a book from one of those lesser genres.I was wondering what about science fiction?Professor:Sure.Though it's a genre that's actually getting more and more respect within academia.There was even a talk at the conference about Jack Vance.Student:He wrote planet of adventure,right?Professor:Yeah.He's a well-researched respected science fiction writer.If you're interested in science fiction,you could look them up.That leads you to lots of other authors and lots of possibilities for your paper.Student:Great.I'm relieved you think that,that's a good genre to study.I'll find a book that interests me and do the paper on that.It seems like most people assume that science fiction is kind of like,I don't know,junk literature.Professor:Yes,a lot of people do.Student:Yeah,but I've read somethings and I think that some of it is really well written and it takes so much imagination to write SCI-Fi.Professor:Well,careful,though,there is a difference between science fiction and Scifi.Student:What do you mean?Professor:SCI fi,that's what you tend to see in films.It has all the spaceships and robots,and it focuses on exotic technology you know factor like special effects，at the expense of a well written story.I think a lot of people don't realize this and tend not to make a distinction.Student:Okay.Professor:But true science fiction is much more intellectual than that. The story is very important,and even though it might take place in an imaginary world,it might have exotic gadgets.The focus is on the plot.Science fiction creates metaphors about our world.And well what it means to be human.It's meant to getpeople to think about real things like history and human behavior.That's worthy of your time,but not SCI fi.Student:Great.Well.Can I let you know next week which book I want write about?Professor:Sure.题目1.Why does the man go to see the professor?A.To find out what the assignment is for the final paperB.To discuss a conference that the professor attendedC.To get a topic area approved for a class assignmentD.To find out the difference between science fiction and sci-fi2.What was unusual about the conference that the professor attended?A.It included presentations by many scholars who were not well known to the professor.B.It included presentations by students.C.It focused on authors who are respected by most scholars.D.It focused mostly on less popular literary genres.3.Why does the professor mention Jack Vance?[Click on2answers.]A.To encourage the man to write a paper about Planet of AdventureB.To support her point that some authors should be researched moreC.To indicate a way for the man to begin looking for a suitable topicD.To demonstrate that science fiction is gaining attention from scholars4.What is the man’s attitude toward science fiction?A.He is confident that it will become more respected.B.He disagrees with a commonly held opinion about it.C.He understands why it is not well respected.D.He is impressed that it includes exotic technology.5.According to the professor,what is a key difference between sci-fi and science fiction?A.Sci-fi is intellectually more challenging than most science fiction.B.Science fiction stories are often made into films.C.Science fiction places more importance on plot than sci-fi does.D.Science fiction makes little use of exotic technology.答案C D CD B C译文1.学生：上周末的会议如何，Miles教授？2.教授：很好，我听到了很多非常精彩的演讲，以及令人耳目一新的话题，而且这些话题平时都没机会听到。
托福阅读TOEFL三篇tpo66原文译文题目答案背景知识
托福阅读TOEFL三篇tpo66原文译文题目答案背景知识阅读-1 (2)原文 (2)译文 (6)题目 (9)答案 (16)背景知识 (17)阅读-2 (23)原文 (23)译文 (27)题目 (30)答案 (38)背景知识 (39)阅读-3 (41)原文 (41)译文 (44)题目 (47)答案 (54)背景知识 (56)阅读-1原文The Actor and the Audience①Actors,even when they are well rehearsed,can never fully anticipate how well they will perform before an actual audience.The actor who has been brilliant in rehearsal can crumble before an audience and completely lose the“edge”of his or her performance in the face of stage fright and apprehension.The presence of an audience can affect performance in other ways as well.Or—and this is more likely —an actor who seemed fairly unexciting at rehearsal can suddenly take fire and dazzle the audience with unexpected energy,subtlety,and depth.One celebrated example of this phenomenon was achieved by Lee J.Cobb in the original production of Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman,in which Cobb had the title role.Roles rehearsed in all solemnity can suddenly turn comical in performance;conversely,roles developed for comic potential in rehearsal may be received soberly by an audience and lose their comedic aspect entirely.②Sudden and dramatic change,however,is not the norm as the performance phase replaces rehearsal:most actors cross over from final dress rehearsal to opening night with only the slightest shift;indeed,this is generally thought to be the goal of a disciplined and professional rehearsal schedule.Holding back until opening night,the once-popular acting practice of restraining emotional display until opening night,is universally disavowed today,and opening night recklessness is viewed as a sure sign of the amateur,who relies primarily on guts and adrenaline to get through the performance.Deliberate revision of a role in performance,in response to the first waves of laughter or applause,is similarly frowned upon in all but the most inartistic of theaters today.③Nevertheless,a fundamental shift does occur in the actor’s awareness between rehearsal and performance,and this cannot and should not be denied;indeed,it is essential to the creation of theater art.This shift is set up by an elementary feedback:the actor is inevitably aware,with at least a portion of his or her mind,of the audience’s reaction to his or her own performance and that of the other players;there isalways,in any acting performance,a subtle adjustment to the audience that sees it.The outward manifestations of this adjustment are usually all but imperceptible:the split-second hold for a laugh to die down,the slight special projection of a certain line to make sure that it reaches the back row,the quick turn of a head to make a characterization or plot transition extra clear.④In addition,the best actors consistently radiate a quality known to the theater world as presence.It is a quality difficult to describe,but it has the effect of making both the character whom the actor portrays and the self of the actor who represents that character especially vibrant and in the present for the audience;it is the quality of an actor who takes the stage and acknowledges,in some inexplicable yet indelible manner,that he or she is there to be seen.Performance is not a one-way statement given from the stage to the house;it is a two-way participatory communication between the actors and the audience members in which the former employ text and movement and the latter employ applause,laughter, silence,and attention.⑤Even when the audience is silent and invisible—and,owing to the brightness of the stage lights,the audience is frequently invisible to the actor—the performer feels its presence.There is nothing extrasensory about this:the absence of sound is itself a signal,for when several hundred people sit without shuffling,coughing,or muttering,their silence betokens a level of attention for which the actor customarily ughter,gasps,sighs,and applause similarly feed back into the actor’s consciousness—and unconsciousness—and spur(or sometimes,alas,distract)the actor’s efforts.The veteran actor can determine quickly how to ride the crest of audience laughter and how to hold the line just long enough that it will pierce the lingering chuckles but not be overridden by them;he or she also knows how to vary the pace and/or redouble his or her energy when sensing restlessness or boredom on the other side of the curtain line. Performance technique,or the art of reading an audience,is more instinctual than learned.The timing it requires is of such complexity that no actor could master it rationally;he or she can develop it only out of experience.译文演员和观众①演员，即使是经过充分排练，也无法完全预测他们在真实观众面前的表现。
托福阅读tpo66R-3原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识
TPO66 阅读-3 What is Coral?原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识原文What is Coral?①Corals belong to a group of animals called cnidarians. This group encompasses hard and soft corals, sea fans, gorgonians, hydroids, jellyfish, and sea anemones. Although the group is remarkably diverse, there are a few features shared by all. They have a free-swimming larval stage and a simple body plan: a central mouth, through which material passes in and out of the body, and a ring of tentacles. The other distinguishing feature of the cnidarians is the presence of nematocysts (stinging cells), which are used to catch prey.②Individual corals are known as coral polyps; each is a single animal. In isolation a coral polyp looks very similar to a sea anemone, but unlike sea anemones, which live separated from each other, corals form colonies. A few species remain solitary, but in most cases, new polyps bud off the initial founding polyp, and gradually colonies of thousands or even millions of polyps will grow, each connected to its neighbors by living tissue. Freed from the limitations of living alone, colonies can grow to immense sizes and live a very long time.③Corals come in all shapes and sizes, but the basic plan is the same; polyps live asa surface layer on some sort of structure, be it hard and inflexible or rubbery. The hard, or true corals, for which reefs are most famous, build limestone skeletons beneath the living tissue. Soft corals, as their name implies, do not form solid skeletons; instead they secrete limestone crystal structures called sclerites, which are embedded within a jellylike matrix beneath the polyps. When they die, little is left of most soft corals as the limestone element of their makeup is so small and easily breaks up.④By contrast, some sea whips and fans and, notably, the black corals, have such dense skeletons of limestone, protein, and minerals that they are highly durableand are collected and polished for jewelry. The skeleton of black corals is more dense the slower it grows, and it grows more slowly at depth. So it is the very deep, older colonies that are most highly prize.⑤Coral reefs would not exist if it were not for the ability of coral polyps to secrete limestone or calcium carbonate. Sea water surrounding a coral is very rich in dissolved calcium carbonate, but the fluid inside the polyp cannot retain a large quantity of calcium carbonate, so it is laid down as microscopic needle-shaped crystals beneath and around the polyp. This process occurs in two stages. As the polyp expands to feed with its tentacles at night, it lifts off the skeleton, rather like a glove coming part way off a hand. At this stage, the calcium carbonate crystals form ridges. During the following day (when the coral polyp is retracted and lying on its new structure), the valleys between the ridges fill in with more calcium carbonate and the skeleton takes on a smoother appearance. Because the skeleton of hard corals is made of limestone or calcium carbonate, it is pure white.⑥Each coral species lays down its skeleton in a different way. This gives rise to the extraordinary range of shapes and forms that hard corals take. Some form large boulders, where the polyps live in small, isolated depressions or grooves in the skeleton. Some grow in branches, which can be small and stubby, while others are spreading, treelike structures. Still others grow delicate, leaflike plates or flat tables. The range is huge, and to complicate the matter further, the same species will grow in a different way depending on the physical characteristics of the place in which it finds itself. Although a coral’s genetic blueprint is fundamental in determining what it looks like, its appearance is also affected by waves, currents, light, and competition for space on the reef. Such variations in coral form have complicated the matter of identification over the years.译文什么是珊瑚？①珊瑚属于一种叫做刺胞动物的动物。
老托福阅读训练答案汇总
【往年真题】老托福阅读训练答案汇总小马过河为大家准备了“【往年真题】老托福阅读训练答案汇总”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267PASSAGE 1 BBACC DBCDA BPASSAGE 2 AACCD CABDPASSAGE 3 BDCBB CBDAD CAPASSAGE 4 BBDBD CACAPASSAGE 5 DACCB DBBADPASSAGE 6 DBDBC ACABDPASSAGE 7 BCDCD CBABBPASSAGE 8 DDCCB CADAPASSAGE 9 CBDBD BBAPASSAGE 10 ACDCA BCDBAPASSAGE 11 CAABD CADDPASSAGE 12 CDACB AACCBPASSAGE 13 AACAC CADPASSAGE 14 DCABC DABAC DBAPASSAGE 15 DABDC CDCBD ABPASSAGE 16 DBBCA DCDCDAPASSAGE 17 DAACA DCBCD CAPASSAGE 18 BBBDB CCCDAPASSAGE 19 BBDDC DCBCA CPASSAGE 20 BCACD DCBAAPASSAGE 21 BDCAA BABDPASSAGE 23 BBDBA ACADC DAC PASSAGE 24 BCBBC ADABA A PASSAGE 25 CABBB DDABC A PASSAGE 26 ADDBC DACBA PASSAGE 27 DADBC BBDBA D PASSAGE 28 ACBBA ABCBA PASSAGE 29 ACBDC ABDB PASSAGE 30 DABCC CBCB PASSAGE 31 BDCDD ACBBB C PASSAGE 32 CBDBA DACBD PASSAGE 33 ADADC ABDBB C PASSAGE 34 DCADB CDBBA B PASSAGE 35 CABCA BCDBA PASSAGE 36 BADCC BACBD C PASSAGE 37 BBADA BBCCD PASSAGE 38 BDBDB DAACD B PASSAGE 39 CDAAC BCABB D PASSAGE 40 BDDCC ABADCB PASSAGE 41 CBBCD CDAD PASSAGE 42 CBDDA BCCAC D PASSAGE 43 BBCAA D PASSAGE 44 CBBCA D PASSAGE 45 BCADA DDPASSAGE 47 DCBAD AC PASSAGE 48 DCBAD CCADD PASSAGE 49 BCCBA DBCBD B PASSAGE 50 DCCAC BBCAD PASSAGE 51 BCADB DADD PASSAGE 52 AABDA ADDBD PASSAGE 53 ACBDA ADBD PASSAGE 54 ACCBB DACD PASSAGE 55 ABCCB CABD PASSAGE 56 BDBCC ACAA PASSAGE 57 ABCCC DDAA PASSAGE 58 BABDB CDADC PASSAGE 59 ACBBA ACDB PASSAGE 60 DACDB BACCA PASSAGE 61 BCADD DCA PASSAGE 62 CABDC ABCBD PASSAGE 63 CBDCB ABDCB PASSAGE 64 DCABC AACAD PASSAGE 65 BBADB DACCB PASSAGE 66 CABCD AAABD B PASSAGE 67 BDACB DADCD PASSAGE 68 BAADC CDADB C PASSAGE 69 BABCD ADDBBPASSAGE 71 DBCAD CDCDA B PASSAGE 72 BCCAD DCACA PASSAGE 73 CABCB CBDA PASSAGE 74 CBDAB AADBD PASSAGE 75 ADABC CCDCC PASSAGE 76 BACCD BBBC PASSAGE 77 BCDCD AADAB C PASSAGE 78 BDAAD DCCBD PASSAGE 79 BDBDC AACDB C PASSAGE 80 BCADB ADABA A PASSAGE 81 DABDD ACBDD AB PASSAGE 82 CBADD CCABD PASSAGE 83 CAADC BCBDD C PASSAGE 84 CCAAA BDDDB PASSAGE 85 CBADC CDCCB PASSAGE 86 BBDCC CADBD A PASSAGE 87 ABBDB DCABD PASSAGE 88 ADBCA BBCD PASSAGE 89 CADAD ACBD PASSAGE 90 CCADB CACC PASSAGE 91 CBBAA DCACC PASSAGE 92 ABDAC DCCCC PASSAGE 93 CAACB DCBCA DPASSAGE 95 ABCCB ADBAADPASSAGE 96 CBCDA ABACCPASSAGE 97 BCDAD CACDCPASSAGE 98 DCCBD DBBACPASSAGE 99 CDCBC BCBAC DPASSAGE 100 BAACD DBCAA C来源于：小马过河相关推荐：托福阅读常出现的9个深度句托福阅读利剑之语法托福阅读解题方法之《主旨题》。
托福听力tpo66 lecture1、2、3 原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo66lecture1、2、3原文+题目+答案+译文Lecture1 (1)原文 (1)题目 (3)答案 (5)译文 (5)Lecture2 (7)原文 (7)题目 (9)答案 (11)译文 (11)Lecture3 (13)原文 (13)题目 (15)答案 (17)译文 (18)Lecture1原文Professor:OK,today,I want to talk about sleep.We all sleep.Human sleep,many animal sleep.When we sleep,we aren't actually unconscious,but in a state of reduced awareness of our surroundings.Now,what does that mean for animals in the wild,if they are in a state like that?Unable to monitor their environment?Male Student:Well,they're helpless,vulnerable to predators,maybe.Professor:Right.They are vulnerable to predators.Yeah,they sleep.So let's talk about why,the biology of sleep.So the first thing l want you to understand is that sleeps a very risky behavior.And risky don't evolve unless they bring the animals some kind of benefit that outweighs that risk.So sleep must have a really important function.And I want to emphasize that there is a difference between sleep and other forms of inactivity,like regular rest.The insects,for instance,rest.But they don't sleep.What's specific to sleep is thatthe brain alters many of its usual activities,including its connection to sensory and motor organs,it shuts those connections down.So a sleeping animal can usually neither sense nor move.And I say usually because…well,we will get to that in a minute.So,basically all mammals and birds sleep.But there are some unusual ways of sleeping.Take marine mammals.Like dolphins,dolphins need to swim up for air once in a while,so they can't completely shut off all movement and sensation.So their brain can't shut down completely.But dolphins get around this.How?won't they sleep one brain hemisphere at a time?Sleeping dolphins actually look like they're just resting,awake and occasionally swim up for air.So how can we even tell their sleeping?Well,we measured their brain activity which showed that1/2was active while the other was sleeping.That's some adaptation, uh?So,what is the function of sleep?As I said,it must be important,but why?Okay.I know you're all tempted to say,uh,that sleeps when the whole body rests that sleep is our mechanism to recover from physical activity.And it's true.When you sleep, your muscles lose their tone,they relax,the body saves energy.But this could happen even during regular waking rest.I mean,that's probably what happens when insects rest.You don't need sleep for that.You can get the same benefit by resting awake.So this doesn't explain why sleep involved.To explain the real function,the most important benefit of sleep.You'll need to focus on the brain,not the muscles.Remember how we can tell that a dolphin sleeping not just resting,is because of a unique pattern of brain activity,which is a clue that sleeps function has to do specifically with the brain.And that's the general consensus cause,that's what could explain by it evolved.It also explains why sleep is a characteristic of mammals and birds,because they have the most complex brains of all animals.The simpler brain uh like a reptile gets by with little sleep or even without sleep.OK,so we know that sleep benefits the brain but in what way?We are notsure yet.Okay.So one hypothesis is that during sleep,the brain's synthesize molecules that it needs for proper functioning when awake.The longer we stay awake,the more those molecules get depleted.So the brain needs to replenish them,and this supposedly happens during sleep.I'm talking about energy sources like glycogen and some types of neuro-transmitter that are needed to transmit signals between nerve cells.So these get replenish during sleep and the next morning our brain is working with a full supply of energy and neuro-transmitters again.With that explains why we feel so alert and mentally refreshed after night sleep.Yes,Jim?Male Student:Well,you know,I don't work well in the morning at all.Female Student:Yeah,I do my best work at night too.Professor:Not everyone's at their best in the morning.I grant you that.But that doesn't rule out the replenishment hypothesis.It's just a bit more complicated than I said.They were fairly sure that there's this other rhythm of mental activity going on that independent of sleep.It's like a pre-program24hours cycle.Your mental activity peaks at a certain hour every day,like at night,for you two.And then it goes down at some other point.But the point is that after a sleepless night,that peak is not as high as it would normally be,and the longer you go without,the lower those peaks get. So the replenishment may be needed to keep the metal high.Does that make sense? The two mechanisms are not mutually exclusive.That's what I'm trying to say.题目1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?A.To explain why people sleep at night rather than during the dayB.To discuss the problems caused by a lack of sleepC.To explain why muscles in the body need sleepD.To explore benefits that are provided by sleep but not by regular rest2.Why does the professor mention that sleep is a risky behavior?A.To suggest that resting while awake is better than sleepingB.To indicate how important the benefits of sleep must beC.To explain why many animals sleep during the dayD.To explain why birds sleep less than mammals3.According to the professor,why is the sleep of dolphins unusual?A.Their sleep is interrupted whenever they need to come up for air.B.They can move around while they are asleep.C.In every dolphin group only half of the dolphins are asleep at any given time.D.Their brains show no activity during sleep.4.What does the professor conclude about the view that the main function of sleep is to allow the body to recover from physical activity?A.It is true for all animals except marine mammals.B.It is supported by measurements of brain activity.C.It explains why sleep has evolved.D.It is not convincing when examined more closely.5.According to the hypotheses discussed by the professor,what determines howalert we feel at a particular time of the day?[Click on2answers.]A.The supply of certain chemicals in our brainB.The chemical composition of our dietC.Our24-hour cycle of mental activityD.The time of day when we usually wake up6.Why do the students say this:Male Student:Well,you know,I don't work well in the morning at all.Female Student:Yeah,I do my best work at night too.A.To show the professor that they have understood the theoryB.To support the professor's point that people tend to be active at the same timeC.To point out a fact that seems to contradict the hypothesis the professor just discussedD.To indicate that they would like to change their sleeping habits答案D B B D AC C译文教授：好的，今天我想谈谈睡眠。
托福阅读真题第66篇DinosaursandParentalCare
托福阅读真题第66篇DinosaursandParentalCareFrom fossil evidence alone the question of whether or not dinosaurs cared for their young is very difficult to answer. Because behaviors are not preserved in the fossil record, we can only make inferences from indirect evidence. Parental care can be divided into two types of behavior: prehatching (building nests and incubating eggs-for example, sitting on top of them so as to warm the eggs and encourage hatching) and posthatching(feeding the young and guarding the nests). Most of our evidence comes from alleged dinosaur rookeries (places where nests are built). Several have been excavated in eastern Montana, where a large concentration of dinosaur nests was found at a place now called Egg Mountain. Most of these probably belonged to the hadrosaur Maiasaura. Preserved in these nests are the bones of baby dinosaurs. The finds at Egg Mountain and other sites around the world document that dinosaurs laid their eggs in nests.The nests at Egg Mountain are reported to be equally spaced, separated by a space corresponding to the length of an adult Maiasaura From this arrangement scientists have inferred that the nests were separated in this way to allow incubation in a tightly packed nesting colony. Although this interpretation is open to challenge, the discovery of Oviraptor adults on top of Oviraptor egg clutches(as determined by embryos in some eggs) is relatively powerful evidence that at least this dinosaur incubated its nests.Evidence for parental care following hatching is much more controversial Behavioral speculation based on indirect fossil evidence is dangerous because the data is not always asunambiguous as might appear. At Egg Mountain, many nests contain baby dinosaur bones. Not all the dinosaurs in the nest are the same size. Many of the small bones found in the nests are associated with jaws and teeth, teeth that show signs of wear. It seems reasonable to assume that the wear was caused by the chewing of the coarse plants that were the hatchlings' diet. Because the young were still in the nest this food may have been brought to the rookery by foraging adults. This line of reasoning suggests that these animals had an advanced system of parental care. A closer look at the evidence clouds this interpretation. Analysis of dinosaur embryos indicates that worn surfaces are present on the teeth of juveniles even before hatching. Just as a human baby moves inside the mother before birth, modern-day archosaurs also grind their teeth before birth, wearing the surface in some spots. Thus, the fossil evidence for an advanced parental care system in extinct dinosaurs is suggestive but inconclusive, and it is hard even to imagine the sort of paleontologic discovery that could settle this debate for good.The strongest evidence that extinct dinosaurs had some form of advanced parental care system is based on an understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among dinosaurs and their closest living relatives. Birds(which are in essence modem, feathered dinosaurs), even primitive ones such as ostriches and kiwis, exhibit parental care, so some form of parental care can be inferred to have existed in the last common ancestor of all birds. Although unappreciated, crocodiles are reptiles that are also caring parents. They build nests, guard the nests, and in some cases dig their young out of the nest when they hear the chirping young ones hatching. The young even communicate with each other while still in the egg by high-frequency squeaks (as birdsdo). Some evidence suggests that this squeaking is a cue for the synchronization of the hatching. Since birds and crocodiles share a common ancestor, the simplest explanation for the characteristics they share (such as nest building and some form of parental care) is that they evolved only once-that these attributes were present in their common ancestor and passed on to its descendants. Because extinct dinosaurs also descended from that ancestor, the simplest and most general theory is that extinct dinosaurs also shared these characteristics, even though they cannot be directly observed, and we cannot be sure how elaborate their parental care was.1.From fossil evidence alone the question of whether or not dinosaurs cared for their young is very difficult to answer. Because behaviors are not preserved in the fossil record, we can only make inferences from indirect evidence. Parental care can be divided into two types of behavior: prehatching (building nests and incubating eggs-for example, sitting on top of them so as to warm the eggs and encourage hatching) and posthatching(feeding the young and guarding the nests). Most of our evidence comes from alleged dinosaur rookeries (places where nests are built). Several have been excavated in eastern Montana, where a large concentration of dinosaur nests was found at a place now called Egg Mountain. Most of these probably belonged to the hadrosaur Maiasaura. Preserved in these nests are the bones of baby dinosaurs. The finds at Egg Mountain and other sites around the world document that dinosaurs laid their eggs in nests.。
老托福阅读真题及答案解析
老托福阅读真题及答案解析-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN老托福阅读真题及答案解析托福从听、说、读、写四方面进行英语能力全面考核。
托福频道为大家提供了这四个方面的资料，希望对大家有所帮助。
Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.1. What is the main idea of the passage(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment.(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs.(C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots.(D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to(A) aviculturists(B) birds(C) eggs(D) rates3. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation(B) the embryo will not develop normally(C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position.(D) the incubation process is slowed down4. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to(A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick(B) hold the nest together(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest(D) make the nest bigger5. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest(C) keep the nest in a clean condition(D) touch the bottom of the eggs6. All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest(C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell7. The word "suspend" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) build(B) paint(C) hang(D) move8. The word "fatal" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) close(B) deadly(C) natural(D) hot9. The word "secure" in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) fresh(B) dry(C) safe(D) warm10. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides(A) a constant source of humidity(B) a strong nest box(C) more room for newly hatched chicks(D) protection against cold weather11. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators?(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does.(D) They are expensive to operate.12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage(A) Aviculturists (line 1)(B) gradient (line 8)(C) incubation (line 15)(D) embryo (line 22)正确答案：DAACA DCBCD CA。
托福资料之老托阅读100篇【完整版】.docx
托福资料之老托阅读 100 篇【完整版】老托阅读 100 篇相对 TPO 要简单一些，也是伴随托福备考学员的很重要的一份资料，对于基础薄弱，做 TPO 真题阅读需要过渡的考生来说再适合不过了，为方便考生备考，太傻留学托福考试频道特意将这100 篇托福阅读理解为考生做了归纳和整理，考生只要收藏此页面，就可以在需要的时候打开进行练习了!Toefl 资料下载之老托阅读100 篇【完整版】PASSAGE 1: 冰箱的发展PASSAGE 2: 水循环PASSAGE 3: 印第安人变篮子的故事PASSAGE 4: 哈德逊河派的绘画PASSAGE 6: 硫酸钾在造玻璃和肥皂时的作PASSAGE 5: 创造文化的材料和技术用PASSAGE 7:Philadelphia's 如何发展成商业PASSAGE 8: 为什么大型动物要生活在热带中心雨林PASSAGE 9: 孟买象化石的发现地PASSAGE 10: 人类饮食活动的变化PASSAGE 11: 竹屋怎样防御外界的侵害PASSAGE 12: 动物在岩石上产卵PASSAGE 13: 地球表面岩石的生长与分类PASSAGE 14: 电视对美国政治的影响PASSAGE 15: 菌类对农业的影响PASSAGE 16: 鸟的祖先PASSAGE 17: 鹦鹉产卵的方式PASSAGE 18: 女性对美国建立初期的贡献PASSAGE 19: 北美城市的发展PASSAGE 20: 壁炉的构造PASSAGE 21: 美国早期雕塑的发展PASSAGE 22: 北美城市的发展改革PASSAGE 23: 美国早期城市功能的发展PASSAGE 24: 地球极地激光的形成和外形PASSAGE 25: 营养学研究的历史PASSAGE 26: 关于某彗星的介绍PASSAGE 28:19 世纪末 20 世纪初艺术的发PASSAGE 27: 土壤分解法展PASSAGE 29:一种农业机器在美国的普遍PASSAGE 30: 蝴蝶的种类使用PASSAGE 31: 房租租金的控制PASSAGE 32: 西方艺术发展史PASSAGE 33: 关于做决定的研究PASSAGE 34: 城市的发展以及移民PASSAGE 35: 一种岩洞对观察天象的影响PASSAGE 36: 美国水彩画协会的发展PASSAGE 37: 人的声音对个性的影响PASSAGE 38 : 有关冰河时代的PASSAGE 39: 印第安人捕鱼的生活方式PASSAGE 40: 一周工人工作时间的演变PASSAGE 42:美国铁路发展给美国带来的PASSAGE 41: 地球物种灭绝的分析影响PASSAGE 43: 抗感染药的发明PASSAGE 44: 大脑中神经系统的结构PASSAGE 45:19 世纪的家庭工作PASSAGE 46: 宾夕法尼亚暖气锅炉的改造PASSAGE 47: 美国在 20 世纪初对移民者的PASSAGE 48: 不同领导的领导风格介绍PASSAGE 50:19 世纪艺术在工业社会中的PASSAGE 49: 古代陶瓷的制作方式角色PASSAGE 51 : 美国建立自然生态保护园的PASSAGE 52:美国劳动力从农业到工业的介绍转变PASSAGE 54:被作曲家采用越来越多的音PASSAGE 53: 玻璃纤维的使用方法乐元素PASSAGE 55: 建立公园的计划PASSAGE 56: 民歌定义的不同理解PASSAGE 58:从狩猎到农业的改变对人类PASSAGE 57: 希腊陶瓷技术的发展生活的影响PASSAGE 60: 美国棉花 19 时期作为重要的PASSAGE 59: 历史上第一只鸟的介绍出口商品PASSAGE61: 北美农业殖民地艺术家作品PASSAGE 62: 关于鸟换毛的事PASSAGE 63: 鸟躲避侵略者的三种策略PASSAGE 64: 蚂蚁工作方式的介绍PASSAGE 65: 彗星的 coma 的形成PASSAGE 66: 小孩学说话PASSAGE 67: 某个奇特地方的植被PASSAGE 68: 北美陶瓷的制作PASSAGE 69:美国报纸上气象报道图的变PASSAGE 70: 鸟搭窝的方式化PASSAGE 71: 地理位置对城市发展的影响PASSAGE 72: 哈莱姆文艺复兴PASSAGE 73: 科技与工业化联系PASSAGE 74: 冰川的形成及融化PASSAGE 75:早期狩猎对大型体格动物灭PASSAGE 76: 泥土的形成及其用途绝的影响PSSAGE 77: 生物灭绝的原因PASSAGE 78: 远古的文字PASSAGE 79: 动物行为的研究PASSAGE 80: 美国调查方式的实施PASSAGE 82:婴幼儿时期的模仿对人和动PASSAGE 81: 木星的简介物的影响PASSAGE 83:美国现实主义和自然主义作PASSAGE 84: 美国早期印刷业的内容家介绍PASSAGE 85: 郁金香在北美殖民地的发展PASSAGE 86: 蚂蚁生存使用的各种信号PASSAGE 87: 热能在大气中传输PASSAGE 88: 化石的形成PASSAGE 90:某时期变化对海洋生物的影PASSAGE 89:19 世纪静物艺术品响PASSAGE 91:不同时期艺术装饰风格的简PASSAGE 92: 岩石层对气候的影响介PASSAGE 94:美国工业化给美国经济带来PASSAGE 93: 洛杉矶城市的发展的改变PASSAGE 95:昆虫怎样用信息素来传递信PASSAGE 96:Homestead Act 的弊端息PASSAGE 97: 对月亮两个区域的研究PASSAGE 98 : 松鼠吃橡果的迷PASSAGE 99 : 碳水化合物和气温的关系PASSAGE 100: 小提琴的发展和使用原文网址：托福考试：。
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托福阅读的思维方式就是托福阅读的出题方式，只有掌握了这种思维方式，才有可能在做题之前，预测到新托福阅读题的出题形式和特点，为找答案节省时间。
老托福阅读试题的核心价值，在于其最贴近真题的阅读思维方式。
此外老托福阅读真题比新托福IBT阅读文章要短，比较容易适应。
这也是大家在备考托福的时候非常重要的一点。
因为前期的入手如果能从容易的开始，就会形成一个循序渐进的过程方式，让大家的练习有一个提高的过程。
既然老托福阅读试题有这样的效果，那我们如何利用那有限的真题来达到锻炼自己的目的呢？事实上这就一个办法，就是坚持。
本期为大家推荐老托福阅读的真题PASSAGE 66，附有原文及答案，希望对托福考生备考有所帮助。
Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies' responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, but not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies' emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, volume, and melody of adult speech.Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words.More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if theyare to acquire aural language.Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too: even as young as nine months they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds(B) The differences between a baby's and an adult's ability to comprehend language(C) How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest stages of language development(D) The response of babies to sounds other than the human voice2. Why does the author mention a bell and a rattle in lines 4-5?(A) To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds(B) To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry(C) To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds(D) To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like3. Why does the author mention syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections in lines 7-8?(A) To demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions(B) To illustrate that a six-week-old baby can already distinguish some language differences(C) To provide an example of ways adults speak to babies(D) To give a reason for babies' difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another4. The word diverse in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) surrounding(B) divided(C) different(D) stimulating5. The word noted in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) theorized(B) requested(C) disagreed(D) observed6. The word They in line 18 refers to(A) mothers(B) investigators(C) babies(D) words7. The passage mentions all of the following as ways adults modify their speech when talking to babies EXCEPT(A) giving all words equal emphasis(B) speaking with shorter sentences(C) speaking more loudly than normal(D) using meaningless sounds8. The word emphasize in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) stress(B) repeat(C) explain(D) leave out9. Which of the following can be inferred about the findings described in paragraph 2?(A) Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to a single language.(B) Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways.(C) Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending aural language.(D) The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.10. What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire language?(A) Babies begin to understand words in songs.(B) Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions.(C) Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults.(D) Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds.11. According to the author, why do babies listen to songs and stories, even though they cannot understand them?(A) They understand the rhythm.(B) They enjoy the sound.(C) They can remember them easily.(D) They focus on the meaning of their parents' words.参考答案：CABCD AAABD B以上就是前程百利为大家整理的老托福阅读真题，考生可进行参考训练以提高自己的考试水平。