Marketing市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表
Marketing市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表

市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表MarketingManagement营销管理NewProductsDevelopment新产品开发ServiceIndustryMarketing服务业营销Advertising广告BusinessNegotiation商业谈判InternationalMarketing国际市场营销SalesChannels销售渠道PublicRelationship公共关系ConsumerBehavior消费者行为SystemsofManagementInformation管理信息系统MarketingResearch营销调研accessibility可进入性accessoryequipmentmarkets附属设备市场accountmanagementpolicies客户管理策略positioning定位marketsegmentation市场细分salespromotion销售促进advertisingfeedback广告反馈advertisingfrequency广告频率advertisingmedia广告媒体advertisingreach广告接受人数advertisingmessage广告信息advertisingsource广告信息来源agentmiddleman代理商allowance折让alteration退换AmericanMarketingAssociation美国营销协会annualmarketingplan年度营销计划assurance保证attitudesofconsumers消费者态度availability可获得性/供货能力awareness(产品)知晓度/知名度babyboomers婴儿潮出生的一代人backwardchannelsforrecycling回收的后向渠道backwardintegration后向垂直一体化banneradvertisements横幅标语广告barcodes条形码barter实物交易basicphysicalneeds基本生理需要BCGGrow-ShareMatrix波士顿增长-份额矩阵beforetests事前测试BehaviorScanInformationResourcesInc.行为扫描信息源公司behaviouralanalysis行为分析behaviouralhierarchies行为层级benchmarking基准benefitclusters利益群体benefits利益Benz奔驰billing帐单birthrate出生率blanketpurchaseorder一揽子采购合同blind-pairedcomparisontesting双盲比较测试bluecollars蓝领bottomline底线/盈亏一览结算线brandawareness品牌意识/认知brandextensions品牌扩展brandloyalty品牌忠诚度brandmark品牌标志brandname品牌名称brandpositioning品牌定位brandrecognition品牌识别brandstrategies品牌战略brand品牌brandingstrategy品牌化战略branding品牌化brand'sequity品牌的价值break-evenanalysis盈亏平衡分析break-evenvolume盈亏平衡产量breathofproductassortment产品线的宽度bribery贿赂BritishAirways英国航空公司brokers经纪人budgeting预算bundle捆绑BureauofCensus人口统计局businessstrengthrating商业能力评分businessplan商业计划businessposition经营地位businesssector商业部门businessservicesmarkets商业服务市场businessstrategies经营战略businessunitstrategy经营单位战略buybackallowances回购折让buybackarrangements产品返销buyers'bargainingpower买方的讨价还价能力buyers采购者buyingbehavior购买行为buyingcenter采购中心buyinginertia购买惯性buyingintention购买意图buyingoffices连锁商店的进货中心buyingsituation采购情况/类型buyingtask采购任务capitalgains资本收益capitalinvestedinproduct产品投入资本Carnival嘉年华cashcows现金牛类cashdiscounts现金折扣cataloguesales目录销售categorizationofperception感知分类categorization分门别类centralization集中化chameleons/followers变色龙/跟随者channelalternatives可选择的营销渠道channelconflicts渠道冲突channeldecisions渠道决策channelfunctions渠道功能channelinstitutions渠道组织结构channelmanagement渠道管理channelobjectives渠道目标channelofdistribution分销渠道channelpower渠道权力channel-controlstrategies渠道控制战略channel-designdecisions渠道设计决策channel-managementdecisions渠道管理决策channelsofcommunication传播渠道choicecriteria选择标准closingasale结束销售clothingretailers服装零售商co-branding联合品牌codeofethics(职业)道德标准coercivepower强制权cognitivedissonance认识的不协调collectionofdata数据收集collection收款co-marketingalliances联合营销联盟combinationcompensationplan结合式薪酬方案commitment承诺communicationchannels传播渠道communicationprocess传播过程communication信息交流/沟通communicationsmedia传播媒体companypersonnel公司员工comparativeadvertisements比较广告comparisonofbrands品牌比较compensationdeals补偿处理compensationplan酬金方案compensation/rewards酬金/奖励compensatory补偿性的competition-orientatedpricing竞争导向定价法competitiveadvantage竞争优势competitive(supply-side)evolution竞争(供方)演变competitivefactors竞争因素competitiveintelligence竞争情报/信息competitiveparitypromotionbudgeting竞争均势促销预算法competitivestrategy竞争战略competitivestrength竞争优势/能力competitoranalysis竞争者分析complainthandling投诉处理componentmaterialsandpartsmarkets组成材料和零部件市场computerizedordering计算机化的订购conclusiveresearch确定性研究conditionsofdemand需求情况conformancetospecifications与规格一致conformance一致性confrontationstrategy对抗战略conjointmeasurement联合测度法conjunctivemodel联合模型consumerdecision-making消费者(购买)决策consumergoodschannels消费品分销渠道consumergoods消费品consumermarkets消费品市场consumerneeds消费者需求consumerpackaged-goodsfirms消费者包装食品公司consumerpromotion消费者促销consumertests消费者测试consumer/householdmarket消费者/家庭市场consumers'perceptions消费者感知consumption消费contests竞赛contingencyplanning权变计划contractconstruction契约建筑业contractmanufacturing契约制造业contraction/strategicwithdrawalstrategy收缩/战略性撤退战略contractualentrymodes契约式进入模式contractualverticalmarketingsystems合约式垂直营销系统contributionmarginanalysis边际贡献(贡献毛利)分析contributionmargin边际贡献controlstrategies控制战略conveniencefoodstores便利食品商店conveniencegoods便利品convenience服务的便利性corebenefitproposition(CBP)核心利益方案/提议corollary-datamethod推定数据法corporateHQ公司总部correctiveaction矫正行动costanalysis成本分析costeffectiveness成本有效性costleadershipstrategy成本领先战略costofcapital资本成本costofgoodssold(COGS)产品销售成本costreductions降低成本产品cost-and-volumerelationship成本-数量关系cost-orientedpricing成本导向定价法cost-plus/mark-uppricing成本加成/溢价定价法costsandbenefitsofmarketingfunctions营销职能的成本和效益costsofcompetitors竞争者成本costsofdistribution分销成本countertrade对等贸易courtesy礼貌coverageofgeographicmarket地域性市场的范围coverageofrelevantretailers相关零售商的销售范围credibility信誉creditterms信贷条款criticalassumptions关键假设cross-elasticity交叉弹性customarypricing习惯性定价法customeranalysis顾客分析customercontact顾客接触customerdemand顾客需求customerintimacy顾客亲密度customerloyalty顾客忠诚度customerneed顾客需要customerorganizationofsalesforce按客户组织销售队伍customerretention顾客维系/保留customersatisfaction顾客满意度customersegmentpricing顾客细分市场定价customerservice顾客服务customer-orientedpricing顾客导向定价法customers'perception顾客感知dataconfidentiality数据保密dataresearch数据研究datasources数据来源dealers经销商deceptiveadvertisements欺骗性广告deciders决策者decliningmarkets衰退市场decoding解码defectrate缺陷率defenderstrategy防御型战略defensivenew-productdevelopmentstrategy 防御性新产品开发战略defensivepositioning防御性定位deliverytime交付时间delivery配送demandcharacteristics需求特征demandcurve需求曲线demand-orientedpricing需求导向定价法demographicenvironment人口统计环境departmentstores百货商店dependability可靠性deregulation放松管制descriptiveresearch描述性研究designdecisions设计决策desiredpercentagemark-uponretail预期零售利润率desiredpercentagereturn预期回报率determinantattributes关键属性determinants决定因素differentresponses差别反应differentiatedmarketing差异化营销differentiationovertime不同时间的差异differentiationstrategy差异化战略differentiation差异化diffusionofinnovationtheory创新扩散理论dimension因素dimensionsofquality质量维度directcostingprofitabilityanalysis直接成本盈利性分析directmail直接邮寄directmarketingviaadvertisingmedia通过广告媒体的直接营销directmarketing直接营销directproductprofitability(DPP)直接产品盈利性/利润率directselling直销discountrate贴现率discountstores折扣商店discount折扣discount/premiumpricepolicies折扣/溢价策略discriminantanalysis差异分析法discriminatoryadjustments歧视价格调整discriminatorypricingadjustments歧视定价调整disjunctivemodel分离模型displayspace陈列空间disposableincome可支配收入dissonance-attributionhierarchy不和谐-归属层次结构distributionchanneldesigns分销渠道设计distributionchannelobjectives分销渠道的目标distributionchannel分销渠道distributiondecisions分销决策distributionpolicies分销策略distribution分销distributor/store(privatelabels)brands 分销商/私有品牌distributors分销商diversification多元化divest撤退divest出让divestmentorliquidation收回投资或清算dividend红利domestictargetmarketingstrategies国内目标市场定位的营销战略droppingproducts放弃产品dual/twochanneldistributionsystems双重分销系统durability耐用性earlyvslateadoption早期采购与后期采购earningspershare每股收益economicandtechnologicalfactors经济技术因素economicpower经济权economiesofscale规模经济educationservices教育服务effectiveness有效性efficiency效率emergencygoods急需品emotionalappeals情感诉求empathy移情作用empiricalevidence经验性实例empowerment授权encoding编码enduse最终使用endorsement赞同engineering(产品)工程设计entrepreneurialstrategy企业家战略entrystrategies进入战略environmentandpackagingdisposal环境与包装处理environmentfactors环境因素environmentalscanning环境扫描/分析environmentalstrategy环境战略establishment机构ethicalaudit(公司)伦理审计ethicsofmarketing营销伦理道德ethniccomposition种族构成EuropeanCommunity欧共体evaluationandrewardsystems评估与奖励体系evaluationandselectionofsupplier评估和选择供应商evaluationofalternatives评估替代品/各种选择evaluationofbrands品牌评估eventsponsorship事件赞助event活动everydaylow-price(EDLP)天天低价evokedset引发的组合evolutionofmarket市场演变exchange交换exclusivedealing独家销售exclusivedistribution独家分销executivesummary执行摘要exhibitionmedia展示广告媒体existingmarket现有市场exitbarriers退出壁垒expansionpath扩张途径expectationmeasures(顾客)预期测度expectationsofcustomers顾客期望expectedunitsales预计产量expectedvalue期望价值experiencecurve经验曲线experimentalresearch实验性研究expertpower专长权exploratoryresearch探索性研究exportagents出口代理(商)exportjobbers出口批发商exportmanagementcompany出口管理公司exportmerchants出口贸易商export出口exporting出口商品extendedusestrategy扩大使用战略extendingvolumegrowth扩大市场份额externaldatasources外部数据来源externalenvironment外部环境extrapolationofpastsalestrends过去销售趋势推测法facilitatingagencies辅助/中介机构factoranalysis因素分析法fads时尚familybranding家族品牌familylifecycle家庭生命周期familystructure家庭结构farmproducts农产品fast-movingconsumergoods(FMCG)快速变动的消费品fearappeals恐惧/顾虑诉求features特征FederalDepartmentStores联邦百货商店FederalTradeCode(FTC)联邦贸易法案FedEx(FederalExpress)联邦快递feedbackdata反馈数据fieldtestmarketing实地市场测试financing融资fisheries渔业fitandfinish结实度与外观fixedcosts固定成本fixedsalary固定工资flankerstrategy侧翼进攻战略flanker/fightingbrand战斗品牌flankingandencirclementstrategies侧翼进攻与围堵战略flatorganizationalstructure扁平的组织结构FOBoriginpricingFOB产地定价法focusstrategy集中战略followers追随者Ford福特公司foreignmiddlemen国外中间商forestry林业formalization形式/规范化formulate制定fortress/position-defencestrategy防御堡垒战略Fortune《财富》杂志forwardintegration向前一体化franchisesystems特许系统franchising特许经营freecallnumbers免费电话号码freegoods免费商品freight-absorptionpricing免收运费定价法fringebenefits小额津贴frontalattackstrategy正面进攻战略fullcostingprofitabilityanalysis全成本盈利性分析full-servicewholesalers全方位服务的批发商functionalcompetenciesandresourceallocat ion职能能力与资源分配functionalefficiency职能效率functionalorganizationofsalesforce按销售职能组织销售队伍functionalorganizationalstructure职能型组织结构functionalperformance功能性能functionalstrategy职能战略games比赛gap差距gatekeepers信息传递者generalbehavioraldescriptors一般行为变量GeneralElectric(GE)通用电气GeneralFoodsCorporation通用食品generalmerchandisediscountchains大众商品折扣连锁店GeneralMotors通用汽车geodemographics区域人口统计特征geographicadjustments地理调整geographicdistribution地理分布geographicalorganizationofsalesforce按地区组织销售队伍Gillette吉列剔须刀globaladjustments全球调整globaleliteconsumersegment全球精英消费品市场globalexpansion全球扩张globalmarketingcontrol全球营销控制globalmarkets全球市场globalnichestrategy全球机会战略globalstandardizationstrategy全球标准化战略globalteenagesegment全球青少年市场globalization全球化global-marketexpansion全球市场扩张goals总目标going-rate/competitiveparitypricing竞争性平价定价法goodsproducers产品制造商Goodyear固特异轮胎governmentagencies政府机构governmentbuyers政府采购者governmentmarket政府市场governmentregulation政府管制greenhouseeffect温室效应greymarket灰色市场grossdomesticproduct(GDP)国内生产总值grossmargin毛利grossnationalproduct(GNP)国民生产总值grossprofit毛利grossratingpoints(GRPs)总级别指数group/categoryproductmanager类别产品经理growingmarkets成长市场growthrateofmarket市场增长率growthstageofproductlifecycle产品生命周期的成长阶段growth-extensionstrategies增长扩张战略growth-marketstrategiesformarketleaders 市场领导者的市场增长战略growth-marketstrategy成长性市场战略growth-markettargetingstrategy成长性市场定位战略guarantee/warranty保证/担保guarantees保证Gucci古琦(世界着名时装品牌)Haagen-Dazs哈根达斯hardtechnology硬技术HarvardBusinessReview《哈佛商业评论》harvest收获harvestingpricing收获定价法harvestingstrategy收获战略healthcare医疗保健healthmaintenanceorganizations(HMOs)(美国)卫生保健组织heavybuyer大客户HeilemanBrewingCompanyHeinz亨氏食品helpfulness有益性Henkel汉高Hertz赫兹(美国汽车租赁巨头)Hewlett-Packard惠普公司hierarchyofstrategy战略的层次highmargin/low-turnoverretailers高利润/低周转率的零售商highmarketshareglobalstrategy高市场份额全球战略high-contactservicesystem高接触服务系统high-involvementproduct高参与产品high-involvementpurchase高参与购买hightmarketshare高市场份额战略Hilton希尔顿HolidayInns假日旅馆homogeneousmarket同质市场Honda本田household/familylifecycle家庭生命周期household家庭hybridtechnology混合技术ideageneration创意的产生/生成ideasfornewproducts新产品创意/构想idea-screeningprocess创意筛选过程identificationofsegments识别细分市场IllinoisToolWorks伊利诺斯工具厂imagepricing形象定价imitativepositioning模仿定位imitativestrategy模仿战略impactevaluation影响评估impersonalsources非个人的信息来源implementationandcontrolofmarketingprogr ams营销计划的执行和控制implementation实施improvementsinorrevisionsofexistingprodu cts现有产品的改良或修正impulsebuying冲动购买impulsegoods冲动购买品incentives激励income收入increasedpenetrationstrategy增加渗透战略indirectcostingprofitabilityanalysis间接成本盈利性分析individualbrand个别品牌individualvalue个人价值industrialgoods&services工业产品和服务industrialgoodschannels工业品分销渠道industryattractiveness行业吸引力industryattractiveness-businesspositionm atrix行业吸引力-业务地位矩阵industrydynamics产业动态industryevaluation产业评估industryevolution产业演变inelastic缺乏价格弹性influences影响者info-communicationsindustry信息通信行业infomercials商业信息广告informationage信息时代informationsearch信息搜集informationtechnology信息技术information信息informative告知性的ingredient成份in-homepersonalinterview个人家庭访谈in-houseusetests内部使用测试innovation创新innovativeness创新性installation设施in-storedisplay店内展示in-storepositioning店内布局in-storepromotion店内促销intangibles无形integratedmarketingcommunicationplan(IMC )整合营销传播计划integrationofperception感知整合integration整合Intel因特尔intensityofmarketposition市场地位的集中程度intensity集中程度intensivedistribution密集型分销interactionsacrossmultipletargetmarkets 多目标市场间的相互作用interactivemedia交互式媒体interestrates利率internaldatasources内部数据来源internalmarketing内部营销internalorganizationalstructure内部组织结构internationaladvertising国际广告internationalchannels国际分销渠道internationaldivision国际分部internationalmarketing国际营销internationalorganizationaldesign国际组织设计internationalizationofservices服务的国际化introductorystageofproductlifecycle产品生命周期的推出阶段inventorylevel库存水平investorrelationsadvertising投资关系广告issueadvertising观点广告jobbers批发商Johnson&Johnson强生jointventures合资juryofexecutiveopinion行政管理人员群体意见法justnoticeabledifference(JND)恰巧注意到的差异just-in-time(JIT)managementsystem准时制管理体系just-in-timepurchasingarrangements及keyaccountmanagement主要客户管理keyaccounts关键客户keybenefits核心利益keyenvironmentalissueidentification确定主要的环境问题keyvariables关键变量key/houseaccounts关键/机构客户laboratorytests实验室测试leapfrogstrategy蛙跳战略learninghierarchy学习层级结构legalservices法律服务legislation立法legitimatepower法定权levelofcompensation酬金水平leveloftechnicalsophistication技术的复杂程度LeviStrauss李维·史特劳斯Levi's列维斯(全球最大的牛仔服制造商)lexicographicmodel词典编纂模型lifestyle生活方式limited-servicewholesalers有限服务的批发商lineextension产品线扩展linefilling产品线填充linestretching产品线延伸listprice订价Loyd'sofLondon伦敦劳埃德保险公司localizationstrategy本地化战略locationpricing场所定价location位置lodging房屋出租logisticalalliances后勤联盟long-termmemory长期记忆lostcustomer失去的顾客LouisVuitton路易·威登(法国着名时尚品牌)low-contactservicesystem低接触服务系统low-costdefender低成本防御型low-costposition低成本地位low-involvementhierarchy低参与程度层级结构macrorisks宏观风险macro-environment宏观环境macro-segmentation宏观细分mail-orderretailers邮购零售商maintainingmarketshare保持市场份额maintenancestrategy保持战略managementoverhead管理费mandatoryadaptation强制性适应manufacturerbrand制造商/全国性品牌manufacturers'agents/representatives生产商的代理商/销售代表manufacturers'exportagents(MEA)制造商出口代理manufacturers'salesoffices/branches生产商的销售办事处/分支机构manufacturingprocess制造过程manufacturing制造业marketaggregationstrategy整体市场战略marketattractivenessfactors市场吸引力因素marketattractiveness市场吸引力marketattractiveness/businesspositionmat rix市场吸引力/业务地位矩阵marketcircumstances市场环境marketdemographics市场人口分布/统计特征marketdimension市场量度marketentrystrategies市场进入战略marketexclusion市场排斥marketexpansionstrategy市场扩张战略marketfactors市场因素marketfollowers市场跟随者marketgrowthrate市场增长率markethierarchy市场等级marketinclusion市场纳入marketleaders市场领导者marketmeasurement市场测量marketopportunityanalysis市场机会分析marketoriented以市场为导向的marketpositionfactors市场地位因素marketpositioninganalysis市场定位分析marketpotentialmeasurements市场潜力测度marketresearch市场研究marketsegment细分市场marketsegmentation市场细分marketshare市场份额markettargeting目标市场选择market市场marketability市场开拓能力market-entrystrategies市场进入战略marketingactionplan营销行动计划marketingaudit营销审计marketingchannel营销渠道marketingcodesofconduct营销行为规范marketingcommunication营销沟通/传播marketingconcept营销观念marketingcontrol营销控制marketingdecisionsupportsystems(MDSS)营销决策支持系统marketingenvironmentaudit营销环境审计marketingflowsandfunctions营销过程和职能marketingfunctionareaaudit营销功能领域的审计marketingimplicationsof对营销的影响marketinginformationsystem营销信息系统marketinginstitutions营销机构marketingmanagement营销管理marketingmessage营销信息marketingmix营销组合marketingpolicy营销策略marketingproductivityareaaudit营销生产力领域的审计marketingprogramcomponents营销计划内容marketingprogram营销计划/方案marketingrelationship营销关系marketingresearch营销研究marketingstrategy营销战略market-managementorganizationalstructure 市场管理组织结构mark-upprice产品/溢价价格Marlboro万宝路MarriottHotel万豪酒店mass-marketpenetrationstrategy大规模市场渗透战略mass-marketstrategy大市场战略matrixorganizationalstructure矩阵组织结构Mitsubishi日本松下电子matureconformists成熟的随大流者maturemarkets成熟市场maturestageofproductlifecycle产品生命周期的成熟阶段McDonald's麦当劳McDonnellDouglas麦道公司MCI电讯公司(前世界通信公司)MDSS(Marketing-DecisionSupportSystem)市场决策支持系统measurability可测度性measureorindex测量指标measurementcriteria计量标准mediaaudiences媒体受众medicalandhealthservices医疗卫生服务MedicoContainmentServices memoryofconsumers消费者记忆Mercedes-Benz梅赛德斯-奔驰MercerManagementConsulting美国美智管理顾问公司merchandising推销merchantmiddlemen国内贸易中间商merchantwholesalers商业批发商messagestructure信息结构MichaelPorter迈克尔-波特microrisks微观风险microsegmentation微观细分MillerTydingACT,USA米勒·泰丁法案minging矿业MinnesotaMiningandManufacturingCompany(3 M)明尼苏达矿业和制造公司Minolta美能达miscellaneoussources多方面来源mission宗旨missionaryselling推销式销售MitsubishiHeavyIndustries三菱重工modifiedrebuy调整再购monosegmentpositioning单一细分市场定位Monsanto孟山都农业生物技术公司moralappeals伦理/道德诉求morals道德Motorola摩托罗拉multichanneldistribution多渠道分销multidimensionalscaling多维等级法multilevelselling多级销售multinationalcorporations(MNCs)跨国公司multipletestmarkets多测试市场multiple-brandstrategy多品牌战略multiple-factorindex多因素指数法multisegmentpositioning多重细分市场定位mutualtrust相互信任nationalaccountmanagement全国性客户管理nationalmarket国内市场NationalSemiconductor美国国家半导体公司naturalproducts天然产品NEC日本电子Nescafé雀巢咖啡Nestlé雀巢netsales净销售额networkcomputer(NC)网络计算机newbusinessselling新业务销售newbuy购入新产品newentrants新进入者newmarkets新市场newmaterials新材料NewProdscreeningmodel新普罗德筛选模型newproductlines新产品线newproducts新产品new-productdevelopment新产品开发new-productideas新产品创意Newsweek《新闻周刊》new-taskbuying全新采购new-to-the-worldproducts世界性新产品nichepenetrationstrategy壁龛/机会市场渗透战略niche-marketstrategy壁龛市场战略Nike耐克Nissan尼桑no-brandbrandname无品牌的品牌名称no-frillsproduct无虚饰产品noiseincommunicationsystem传播系统中的噪音non-financialrewards非物质性奖励措施non-probabilitysampling非概率抽样non-profitorganization非盈利组织non-storeretailing无店铺零售业numberofstock-outs迟滞数目object-and-taskmethodofpromotionbudgetin g目标-任务促销预算法objectivesandstrategyareaaudit目标与战略领域的审计objectives具体目标observation观察法occupancycosts房屋占用成本occupation/position职业/职位oddpricing奇/余数定价法OEM(originalequipmentmanufacturer)原始设备制造商overallquality总体质量off-invoicediscounts发票之外的折扣offsets抵消交易Omega欧米加on-airtesting广播测试OPEC(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCou ntries)欧佩克(石油输出国组织)openingrelationships建立关系operatingsupplies生产供应品operationalexcellence运作管理水平opinionleaders意见领导者opportunitycost机会成本opportunityidentification机会识别opportunity/threatmatrix机会/威胁矩阵ordercycletime订货周期orderprocessing订单处理organizationallevel组织层次organizationalrequirementplanning组织需求计划organizationareaaudit组织领域的审计organizationbuyingcenter组织采购中心organizationalcustomer组织顾客organizationaldirectselling组织直销organizationalmarkets组织市场organizationalpurchasing组织采购organizationalstructure组织结构outdoorenthusiasts户外运动爱好者out-of-homemedia户外广告媒体overallcostleadership全面成本领先overheads日常开支overseasdirectinvestment海外直接投资ownershipofnewproduct新产品所有权packaging包装panelofexperts专家小组parentage渊源partiesinvolved交换中的各方paymentterms支付条款pay-offcontrol支出控制penetrationpricing渗透定价Pepsi-Cola百事可乐perceivedcustomervalue顾客感知价值perceivedquality感知到的质量perceivedvalue感知到的价值percentageofsalespromotionbudgetingmetho d销售额百分比促销预算法perceptionsofconsumers消费者感知/理解perceptual(product)positioning感知(产品)定位perceptualmap感知图perceptualorganization感知组织perceptualvigilance感性的警惕performancedimension业绩标准performanceevaluation业绩评估performancemeasures表现/业绩测度performanceobjective绩效目标performancestandards绩效标准performance功能perishability非持久性personalselling人员推销personalsources个人的信息来源personneldevelopment人力资源开发persuasive说服性的pharmaceuticalsindustry医药行业physical(product)positioning物理(产品)定位physicaldescriptors物理变量physicaldistribution实物分销Pillsbury皮尔斯博瑞pioneers先入者PizzaHut必胜客placeutility地点效用planningandcontrolsystemareaaudit计划与控制系统领域的审计pointofsaleinformation销售点信息point-of-purhcase(POP)promotion采购点促销point-of-sales(POS)data销售点数据pontificator保守派popularity通用性populationtrends人口趋势portfoliomodelsforresourceallocation资源配置的资产组合模式positionintensity地位集中程度positioning定位possessionutility拥有效用post-purchasedissonance购买后的不协调post-purchaseevaluation购买后评估post-purchase/after-saleservice售后服务potentialadvantages潜在优势potentialcustomer潜在顾客potentialmarket潜在市场potentialtargetmarket潜在目标市场powerindistribution分销权力powerofbuyers购买者能力powerofsuppliers供应商能力predatorypricing掠夺性定价法pre-emptingscarceresources先占稀缺资源preferentialtreatment特惠待遇premiums额外奖励presentcompetitors现有的竞争者presentingsalesmessage提供销售信息pre-testmarketresearch测试前市场研究pricediscrimination价格歧视priceelasticityofdemand需求的价格弹性pricefixing价格设定priceleaders价格领导者pricelining价格排列定价法pricepromotion价格促销pricequotation报价pricesensitivity价格敏感度pricestructure价格结构price价格price/earningsration价格/收益比price-offpromotions降价促销price-settingprocess定价过程pricingadjustments定价调整pricingpolicies价格策略pricing定价primarydemand基本需求primarysources第一类/主要数据printmedia印刷媒体private/for-profitorganization私营/盈利性组织PRIZM(PotentialRatingIndexforZipMarkets)按邮政区划为基础的潜力等级指数proactivenew-productdevelopmentstrategy 进取型新产品开发战略probabilitysampling概率抽样problemformulation界定问题problemidentification确定问题processmanagement过程管理Procter&Gamble(P&G)宝洁公司productline产品线productavailability产品的可获得性productcategory产品类别productclass产品类别productdecisions产品决策productdesign产品设计productdevelopment产品开发productdimensionorattributes产品维度/属性productevolution产品演变productfeatures产品特征productintentshare产品倾向份额productleadership产品领导能力productlifecycle(PLC)产品生命周期productlifecyclecurve产品生命周期曲线productline产品线productmanageraudit产品经理审计productoffering供应品productorganizaitonofsalesforce按产品组织销售队伍productpolicies产品策略productpositioning产品定位productquality产品质量productscope产品范围productspace产品位置productspecifications产品规格productsystems产品体系producttype产品类型productusage产品用途product产品product(ion)-orientedorganization产品/生产导向型组织production生产product-linepricingadjustments产品线定价调整product-managementorganizationalstructure产品管理组织结构product-marketentrycontrol产品-市场进入控制product-relatedbehavioraldescriptors与产品相关的行为变量product'smarketcharacteristics产品的市场特征product-usetesting产品使用测试pro-environment环保profitimpactofmarketstrategy(PIMS)市场战略的利润影响profitabilityanalysis盈利性分析profitability盈利性/盈利能力profitablesurvivorstrategy有利可图的生存者战略project-companyresourcecompatibility项目与公司资源的协调性projectedprofit-and-lossstatement预计损益表projectivetests投影测试promotiondecisions促销决策promotionmix促销组合promotionpolicies促销策略promotion促销promotionalallowance促销折让promotionaleffort促销努力promotionalpricing促销定价promptness及时性propectorstrategy探索型战略prospectingforcustomers寻找顾客psycho-graphics心理统计特征psychologicalcost心理成本psychologicalpricing心理定价法publicorganization公共组织publicrelations公共关系publicutilities公共设施publicity公共宣传pullstrategyforcontrolofdistributionchan nels分销渠道控制的拉式战略pupildilation瞳孔扩张purchasepredisposition购买倾向purchasingagent采购代理purchasingcontract采购合同purchasingmanager/agent采购经理/代理purchasingpowerparity(PPP)购买力平价指数pushmoney/spiffs佣金pushstrategyforcontrolofdistributionchan nels分销渠道控制的推式战略qualifyingprospects审查潜在顾客资格qualitydimensions质量维度quality质量quantitydiscount数量折扣questionmarks问题类questioning询问法quotas定额R&Dexpenditure研究开发战略raceandethnicorigin种族和民族rackjobbers供应超级市场的批发商radio无线电广播rankordering排序rateofadoption采购率rate-of-return/targetreturnpricing回报率/目标回报定价法rationalappeals理性诉求rationale基本原理rawmaterials原材料reactiveandproactiveresponses反应及前摄策略reactivenew-productdevelopmentstrategy reactorstrategy反应型战略realestate房地产rebates回扣recalltests记忆测试receiver接收者reciprocity利益互惠recognitionofproblem/need发现问题/需求recognitiontests认知测试recreation娱乐业recruitmentandselection招聘与选拔recyclingofpackaging包装回收(利用)Reebok锐步referencegroup参照群体referentpower参照权refocus巩固refunds退款refusaltodeal拒绝经营regressionanalysis回归分析法regulation管制related/concentricdiversification相关/同心多元化relationalVMSs相关式垂直营销系统relativeattractivenessofdecliningmarkets 衰退市场的相对吸引力relativemarketpotential相对市场潜力relativemarketshare相对市场份额reliability可靠性repeatpurchasebehavior重复购买行为repetition重复repositionings重新定位产品requirementsplanning需求计划re-seller中间商residentbuyers常驻采购员resourceallocation/deployment资源配置responsestrategies反应策略responsetocommunication传播响应responsivestrategy反应型新产品开发战略responsiveness响应性retailcoveragestrategy零售范围战略RetailIndex零售指数retailoutlets零售店retailsales零售额retailerco-operatives零售商合作社retailer零售商retailingtrends零售趋势ReturnonEquity(ROE)权益回报率ReturnonInvestment(ROI)投资回报率ReturnonNetAssets(RONA)净资产回报率reverseengineering反向工程rewardsystems奖励系统rivalrydeterminants竞争决定因素rivalry竞争对手RobertMiles罗伯特·迈尔斯Rockwell洛克威尔Rolex劳力士Rolls-Royce劳斯莱斯roster名册salary薪金salesagents销售代理商salesanalysisbycustomer顾客销售分析salesanalysisbyordersize订货规模的销售分析salesanalysisbyproduct产品销售分析salesanalysisbyterritory区域销售分析salesanalysis销售分析salesforcasting销售预测salesforceestimates销售人员估计salesforcesize销售队伍规模salesforce销售队伍salesforecasting销售预测salesmanagement销售管理salesorganization销售组织salesperformance销售表现/业绩salespersonnelincentives销售人员激励salespersonnel销售人员salesplanning销售计划salespotential销售潜力salespromotion销售促进/促销salesterritory销售地区salestrends销售趋势sales销售额sales/pricereduction销售/价格下降sampledesign样本设计samplesize样本大小sampling抽样sampling提供样品scaleefficiency规模效率scaledmeasures比例测度scoringmodels评判模型screeningofideas创意筛选sealedbidding招标Sears西尔斯secondarysources第二类/次要数据second-but-betternew-productdevelopments trategy后者居上型新产品开发战略security证券业segmentationandtargeting细分与目标选择segmentationcriteria细分标准segmentationdescriptors市场细分变量segmentation市场细分Seiko日本精工株式会社(全球着名的打印机生产商)selectivedemand选择性需求selectivedistribution选择分销selectiveexposure选择性接触selectiveperception选择性感知/理解selectiveretention选择性保留self-employedperson独立经营的个人self-managingteams自我管理团队self-oriented自我导向型sellinggroups销售团队sellingproposition销售计划/提议selling推销/销售serviceability适用性serviceschannels服务渠道servicingproducts服务产品servicingtheaccount客户服务settingquotas确定定额shake-outstage动荡阶段sharedprograms/facilities分享计划/设备share-growthstrategiesforfollowers追随者的市场份额增长战略shareholdervalue股东价值share-maintenance份额保持ShermanAct,USA美国谢尔曼法案shoppinggoods消费品short-termmemory短期记忆signalvehicle/carrier信号载体simulatedtestmarketing模拟市场测试single-factorindex单因素指数法single-linemass-merchandiserstores单一类型产品专营连锁店SKF瑞典轴承公司sleepwalker/contentedunderachievers梦游者/很容易满足的人slottingallowance安置津贴socialacceptability社会可接受性socialclass社会阶层socialobjectives社会目标socioculturalenvironment社会文化环境softgoods非耐用品softtechnology软技术soleownershipentrystrategy独享所有权的进入战略Sony索尼sourcecredibility信息来源的可信度source广告信息来源sourcesofdata数据来源sourcesofnew-productideas新产品创意来源specialitygoods特殊品specialityretailers专营零售商specialitystores专营商店specialization专门化spokesperson代言人stars明星类statementofjobqualifications工作要求说明stocklevels库存水平strategiccontrol战略控制strategicfit战略协调性strategicgroup战略组strategicinertia战略惯性strategicintent/objective战略目标strategicmarketingprogram战略营销计划strategicpricingobjectives战略定价目标strategicwithdrawal战略撤退strategyconstraints战略影响因素strategyformulationandimplementation战略制定和实施strategyimplementation战略实施strategyreassessment战略重估subculture亚文化substitutegoods替代品substitutionthreat替代产品的威胁successrates成功率supermarkets超级市场supplementarymedia辅助性广告媒体suppliers'bargainingpower供应商的讨价还。
市场营销的术语中英文对照表

FOB-origin pricing TP(TETRA PAK) chain stores combination store P-T(Part-timer) Retailing wheel of retailing concept Retailer Retailer cooperatives RKA(Retail Key Account) fashion monopolistic competition Road Show HBR(Hotel,Bar,Restaurant) AC green marketing Floor Display maslow's hierarchy of needs 3A(Avalible、Able、Adsire) buyer's market MIT(Marketing Inpact Team) Seller’s market GRP(Gross Rating Point) media SPPD(Sales Per Point of Distribution) American marketing POP(Point Of Purchase) Seal-bid pricing Seal-bid pricing intensive distribution intensive growth opportunity freight-absorption pricing Stars Target profit pricing Served market(target market) catalog marketing
SPM(Supermarket) POSM(Point of Sale Materials) ABC(Activity based costing): cost-plus pricing growth stage maturity stage CRP(Contiuous Replenishment) exporting initiator PW(Passive Wholesalers) TT(Traditional Trade) conventional marketing channel idea screening idea generation Total promotion budget PG(Promotion Girl) inventory control KSR L-SPM(Large - Supermarket) SM(ShoppingMall) agent inseparability LKA(Local Key Account) geographic organization Territorial-structured sales force TPL(Third Party Logistics) FVP(First Vice President) Telemarketing Television marketing DSD(Direct Store Delivery) order processing motive exclusive distribution USP(Unique Selling Propostion) GE(Gondola End) TG(Type Genus )
市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表

市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表Marketing Management营销管理New Products Development新产品开发Service Industry Marketing服务业营销Advertising广告Business Negotiation商业谈判International Marketing国际市场营销Sales Channels销售渠道Public Relationship公共关系Consumer Behavior消费者行为Systems of Management Information管理信息系统Marketing Research营销调研accesibility 可进入性accessory equipment markets 附属设备市场account management policies 客户管理策略positioning定位additions to existing product lines 现有产品线的增加administered vertical marketing systems 管理式垂直营销系统market segmentation市场细分sales promotion销售促进advertising feedback 广告反馈advertising frequency 广告频率advertising media 广告媒体advertising reach 广告接受人数advertising message 广告信息advertising source 广告信息来源agent middleman 代理商allowance 折让alteration 退换American Marketing Association 美国营销协会annual marketing plan 年度营销计划assurance 保证attitudes of consumers 消费者态度availability 可获得性/供货能力awareness (产品)知晓度/知名度baby boomers 婴儿潮出生的一代人backward channels for recycling 回收的后向渠道backward integration 后向垂直一体化banner advertisements 横幅标语广告bar codes 条形码barter 实物交易basic physical needs 基本生理需要BCG Grow-Share Matrix 波士顿增长-份额矩阵before tests 事前测试Behavior Scan Information Resources Inc. 行为扫描信息源公司behavioural analysis 行为分析behavioural hierarchies 行为层级benchmarking 基准benefit clusters 利益群体benefits 利益Benz 奔驰billing 帐单birth rate 出生率blanket purchase order 一揽子采购合同blind-paired comparison testing 双盲比较测试blue collars 蓝领bottom line 底线/盈亏一览结算线brand awareness 品牌意识/认知brand extensions 品牌扩展brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度brand mark 品牌标志brand name 品牌名称brand positioning 品牌定位brand recognition 品牌识别brand strategies 品牌战略brand 品牌branding strategy 品牌化战略branding 品牌化brand's equity 品牌的价值break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析break-even volume 盈亏平衡产量breath of product assortment 产品线的宽度breath or diversity of product lines 产品线的宽度或多样性bribery 贿赂British Airways 英国航空公司brokers 经纪人budgeting 预算bundle 捆绑Bureau of Census 人口统计局busines strength rating 商业能力评分business plan 商业计划business position 经营地位business sector 商业部门business services markets 商业服务市场business strategies 经营战略business unit strategy 经营单位战略buyback allowances 回购折让buyback arrangements 产品返销buyers' bargaining power 买方的讨价还价能力buyers 采购者buying behavior 购买行为buying center 采购中心buying inertia 购买惯性buying intention 购买意图buying offices 连锁商店的进货中心buying power indes (BPI) 购买力指数buying situation 采购情况/类型buying task 采购任务capital gains 资本收益capital invested in product 产品投入资本Carnival 嘉年华cash cows 现金牛类cash discounts 现金折扣catalogue sales 目录销售categorization of perception 感知分类categorization 分门别类centralization 集中化chameleons/followers 变色龙/跟随者channel alternatives 可选择的营销渠道channel conflicts 渠道冲突channel decisions 渠道决策channel functions 渠道功能channel institutions 渠道组织结构channel management 渠道管理channel objectives 渠道目标channel of distribution 分销渠道channel power 渠道权力channel-control strategies 渠道控制战略channel-design decisions 渠道设计决策channel-management decisions 渠道管理决策channels of communication 传播渠道choice criteria 选择标准closing a sale 结束销售clothing retailers 服装零售商co-branding 联合品牌code of ethics (职业)道德标准coercive power 强制权cognitive dissonance 认识的不协调collection of data 数据收集collection 收款co-marketing alliances 联合营销联盟combination compensation plan 结合式薪酬方案commitment 承诺communication channels 传播渠道communication process 传播过程communication 信息交流/沟通communications media 传播媒体company personnel 公司员工comparative advertisements 比较广告comparison of brands 品牌比较compensation deals 补偿处理compensation plan 酬金方案compensation/rewards 酬金/奖励compensatory 补偿性的competition and industry evolution 竞争和行业演变competition-orientated pricing 竞争导向定价法competitive advantage 竞争优势competitive (supply-side) evolution 竞争(供方)演变competitive factors 竞争因素competitive intelligence 竞争情报/信息competitive parity promotion budgeting 竞争均势促销预算法competitive strategy 竞争战略competitive strength 竞争优势/能力competitor analysis 竞争者分析complaint handling 投诉处理component materials and parts markets 组成材料和零部件市场computerized ordering 计算机化的订购conclusive research 确定性研究conditions of demand 需求情况conflict and resolution strategies 冲突和解决战略conformance to specifications 与规格一致conformance 一致性confrontation strategy 对抗战略conjoint measurement 联合测度法conjunctive model 联合模型consumer decision-making 消费者(购买)决策consumer goods channels 消费品分销渠道Consumer Goods Pricing Act, USA 美国消费品定价法案consumer goods 消费品consumer markets 消费品市场consumer needs 消费者需求consumer packaged-goods firms 消费者包装食品公司consumer promotion 消费者促销consumer tests 消费者测试consumer/household market 消费者/家庭市场consumers' perceptions 消费者感知consumption 消费contests 竞赛contingency planning 权变计划contract construction 契约建筑业contract manufacturing 契约制造业contraction/strategic withdrawal strategy 收缩/战略性撤退战略contractual entry modes 契约式进入模式contractual vertical marketing systems 合约式垂直营销系统contribution margin analysis 边际贡献(贡献毛利)分析contributrion margin 边际贡献control strategies 控制战略convenience food stores 便利食品商店convenience goods 便利品convenience 服务的便利性Cool Whip 清凉维普co-operative advertising 合作性广告co-ordination and conflict resolution 协调与冲突解决co-production 合作生产core benefit proposition (CBP) 核心利益方案/提议corollary-data method 推定数据法corporate HQ 公司总部corporate scope 公司(经营)范围corporate strategy 公司战略corporate vertical marketing systems 公司式垂直营销系统corporate/institutional advertising 团体/社会公共机构广告corrective action 矫正行动cost analysis 成本分析cost effectiveness 成本有效性cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略cost of capital 资本成本cost of goods sold (COGS) 产品销售成本cost reductions 降低成本产品cost-and-volume relationship 成本-数量关系cost-oriented pricing 成本导向定价法cost-plus/mark-up pricing 成本加成/溢价定价法costs and benefits of marketing functions 营销职能的成本和效益costs of competitors 竞争者成本costs of distribution 分销成本countertrade 对等贸易coupons 优惠券courtesy 礼貌coverage of geographic market 地域性市场的范围coverage of relevant retailers 相关零售商的销售范围credibility 信誉credit terms 信贷条款critical assumptions 关键假设cross-elasticity 交叉弹性customary pricing 习惯性定价法customer analysis 顾客分析customer contact 顾客接触customer demand 顾客需求customer intimacy 顾客亲密度customer loyalty 顾客忠诚度customer need 顾客需要customer organization of sales force 按客户组织销售队伍customer retention 顾客维系/保留customer satisfaction 顾客满意度customer segment pricing 顾客细分市场定价customer service 顾客服务customer-oriented pricing 顾客导向定价法customers' perception 顾客感知customers' preferences 顾客偏好customers' price sensitivity 顾客的价格敏感度customizing 定制data collection 数据收集data confidentiality 数据保密data research 数据研究data sources 数据来源dealers 经销商deceptive advertisements 欺骗性广告deciders 决策者declining markets 衰退市场decoding 解码defect rate 缺陷率defender strategy 防御型战略defensive new-product development strategy 防御性新产品开发战略defensive positioning 防御性定位delivery time 交付时间delivery 配送demand characteristics 需求特征demand curve 需求曲线demand-oriented pricing 需求导向定价法demographic environment 人口统计环境department stores 百货商店dependability 可靠性deregulation 放松管制derived demand 衍生需求descriptive research 描述性研究design decisions 设计决策desired percentage mark-up on retail 预期零售利润率desired percentage return 预期回报率determinant attributes 关键属性determinants 决定因素different responses 差别反应differentiated defender strategy 差异化防御战略differentiated marketing 差异化营销differentiation over time 不同时间的差异differentiation strategy 差异化战略differentiation 差异化diffusion of innovation theory 创新扩散理论dimension 因素dimensions of quality 质量维度direct costing profitability analysis 直接成本盈利性分析direct mail 直接邮寄direct marketing via advertising media 通过广告媒体的直接营销direct marketing 直接营销direct product profitability (DPP) 直接产品盈利性/利润率direct selling 直销discount rate 贴现率discount stores 折扣商店discount 折扣discount/premium price policies 折扣/溢价策略discriminant analysis 差异分析法discriminatory adjustments 歧视价格调整discriminatory pricing adjustments 歧视定价调整disjunctive model 分离模型display space 陈列空间disposable income 可支配收入dissonance-attribution hierarchy 不和谐-归属层次结构distribution channel designs 分销渠道设计distribution channel objectives 分销渠道的目标distribution channel 分销渠道distribution decisions 分销决策distribution policies 分销策略distribution 分销distributor/store (private lables) brands 分销商/私有品牌distributors 分销商diversification 多元化divest 撤退divest 出让divestment or liquidation 收回投资或清算dividend 红利dogs 瘦狗类domestic target marketing strategies 国内目标市场定位的营销战略dropping products 放弃产品dry cleaning 干洗dual/two channel distribution systems 双重分销系统duplication (媒体)重复DuPont 杜邦公司durability 耐用性early vs late adoption 早期采购与后期采购earnings per share 每股收益economic and technological factors 经济技术因素economic power 经济权economies of scale 规模经济education services 教育服务effectiveness 有效性efficiency 效率emergency goods 急需品emotional appeals 情感诉求empathy 移情作用empirical evidence 经验性实例empowerment 授权encoding 编码end use 最终使用endorsement 赞同engineering (产品)工程设计entrepreneurial strategy 企业家战略entry strategies 进入战略environment and packaging disposal 环境与包装处理environment factors 环境因素environmental scanning 环境扫描/分析environmental strategy 环境战略establishment 机构ethical audit (公司)伦理审计ethics of marketing 营销伦理道德ethnic composition 种族构成European Community 欧共体evaluation and reward systems 评估与奖励体系evaluation and selection of supplier 评估和选择供应商evaluation of alternatives 评估替代品/各种选择evaluation of brands 品牌评估event sponsorship 事件赞助event 活动everyday low-price (EDLP) 天天低价evoked set 引发的组合evolution of market 市场演变exchange 交换exclusive dealing 独家销售exclusive distribution 独家分销executive summary 执行摘要exhibition media 展示广告媒体existing market 现有市场exit barriers 退出壁垒expansion path 扩张途径expectation measures (顾客)预期测度expectations of customers 顾客期望expected unit sales 预计产量expected value 期望价值experience curve 经验曲线experimental research 实验性研究expert power 专长权exploratory research 探索性研究export agents 出口代理(商)export jobbers 出口批发商export management company 出口管理公司export merchants 出口贸易商export 出口exporting 出口商品extended use strategy 扩大使用战略extending volume growth 扩大市场份额external data sources 外部数据来源external environment 外部环境extrapolation of past sales trends 过去销售趋势推测法facilitating agencies 辅助/中介机构factor analysis 因素分析法fads 时尚family branding 家族品牌family life cycle 家庭生命周期family structure 家庭结构farm products 农产品fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) 快速变动的消费品fear appeals 恐惧/顾虑诉求features 特征Federal Department Stores 联邦百货商店Federal Trade Code (FTC) 联邦贸易法案FedEx (Federal Express) 联邦快递feedback data 反馈数据field test marketing 实地市场测试financing 融资fisheries 渔业fit and finish 结实度与外观fixed costs 固定成本fixed salary 固定工资flanker strategy 侧翼进攻战略flanker/fighting brand 战斗品牌flanking and encirclement strategies 侧翼进攻与围堵战略flat organizational structure 扁平的组织结构FOB origin pricing FOB产地定价法focus strategy 集中战略followers 追随者Ford 福特公司foreign middlemen 国外中间商forestry 林业formalization 形式/规范化formulate 制定fortress/position-defence strategy 防御堡垒战略Fortune 《财富》杂志forward integration 向前一体化franchise systems 特许系统franchising 特许经营free call numbers 免费电话号码free goods 免费商品freight-absorption pricing 免收运费定价法fringe benefits 小额津贴frontal attack strategy 正面进攻战略full costing profitability analysis 全成本盈利性分析full-service wholesalers 全方位服务的批发商functional competencies and resource allocation 职能能力与资源分配functional efficiency 职能效率functional organization of sales force 按销售职能组织销售队伍functional organizational structure 职能型组织结构functional performance 功能性能functional strategy 职能战略games 比赛gap 差距gatekeepers 信息传递者general behavioral descriptors 一般行为变量General Electric (GE) 通用电气General Foods Corporation 通用食品general merchandise discount chains 大众商品折扣连锁店General Motors 通用汽车geodemographics 区域人口统计特征geographic adjustments 地理调整geographic distribution 地理分布geographical organization of sales force 按地区组织销售队伍Gillette 吉列剔须刀global adjustments 全球调整global elite consumer segment 全球精英消费品市场global expansion 全球扩张global marketing control 全球营销控制global markets 全球市场global niche strategy 全球机会战略global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略global teenage segment 全球青少年市场globalization 全球化global-market expansion 全球市场扩张goals 总目标going-rate/competitive parity pricing 竞争性平价定价法goods producers 产品制造商Goodyear 固特异轮胎government agencies 政府机构government buyers 政府采购者government market 政府市场government regulation 政府管制greenhouse effect 温室效应grey market 灰色市场gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值gross margin 毛利gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值gross profit 毛利gross rating points (GRPs) 总级别指数group/category product manager 类别产品经理growing markets 成长市场growth rate of market 市场增长率growth stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成长阶段growth-extension strategies 增长扩张战略growth-market strategies for market leaders 市场领导者的市场增长战略growth-market strategy 成长性市场战略growth-market targeting strategy 成长性市场定位战略guarantee/warranty 保证/担保guarantees 保证Gucci 古琦(世界著名时装品牌)Haagen-Dazs 哈根达斯hard technology 硬技术Harvard Business Review 《哈佛商业评论》harvest 收获harvesting pricing 收获定价法harvesting strategy 收获战略health care 医疗保健health maintenance organizations (HMOs) (美国)卫生保健组织heavy buyer 大客户Heileman Brewing CompanyHeinz 亨氏食品helpfulness 有益性Henkel 汉高Hertz 赫兹(美国汽车租赁巨头)Hewlett-Packard 惠普公司hierarchy of strategy 战略的层次high margin/low-turnover retailers 高利润/低周转率的零售商high market share global strategy 高市场份额全球战略high-contact service system 高接触服务系统high-involvement product 高参与产品high-involvement purchase 高参与购买hight market share 高市场份额战略Hilton 希尔顿Holiday Inns 假日旅馆homogeneous market 同质市场Honda 本田household/family life cycle 家庭生命周期household 家庭hybrid technology 混合技术idea generation 创意的产生/生成ideas for new products 新产品创意/构想idea-screening process 创意筛选过程identification of segments 识别细分市场Illinois Tool Works 伊利诺斯工具厂image pricing 形象定价imitative positioning 模仿定位imitative strategy 模仿战略impact evaluation 影响评估impersonal sources 非个人的信息来源implementation and control of marketing programs 营销计划的执行和控制implementation 实施improvements in or revisions of existing products 现有产品的改良或修正impulse buying 冲动购买impulse goods 冲动购买品incentives 激励income 收入increased penetration strategy 增加渗透战略indirect costing profitability analysis 间接成本盈利性分析individual brand 个别品牌individual value 个人价值industrial goods & services 工业产品和服务industrial goods channels 工业品分销渠道industry attractiveness 行业吸引力industry attractiveness-business position matrix 行业吸引力-业务地位矩阵industry dynamics 产业动态industry evaluation 产业评估industry evolution 产业演变inelastic 缺乏价格弹性influencers 影响者infocommunications industry 信息通信行业infomercials 商业信息广告information age 信息时代information search 信息搜集information technology 信息技术information 信息informative 告知性的ingredient 成份in-home personal interview 个人家庭访谈in-house use tests 内部使用测试innovation 创新innovativeness 创新性installation 设施in-store display 店内展示in-store positioning 店内布局in-store promotion 店内促销intangibles 无形integrated marketing communication plan (IMC) 整合营销传播计划integration of perception 感知整合integration 整合Intel 因特尔intensity of market position 市场地位的集中程度intensity 集中程度intensive distribution 密集型分销interactions across multiple target markets 多目标市场间的相互作用interactive media 交互式媒体interest rates 利率internal data sources 内部数据来源internal marketing 内部营销internal organizational structure 内部组织结构international advertising 国际广告international channels 国际分销渠道international division 国际分部international marketing 国际营销international organizational design 国际组织设计internationalization of services 服务的国际化introductory stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的推出阶段inventory level 库存水平investor relations advertising 投资关系广告issue advertising 观点广告jobbers 批发商Johnson & Johnson 强生joint ventures 合资jury of executive opinion 行政管理人员群体意见法just noticeable difference (JND) 恰巧注意到的差异just-in-time (JIT) management system 准时制管理体系just-in-time purchasing arrangements 及key account management 主要客户管理key accounts 关键客户key benefits 核心利益key environmental issue identification 确定主要的环境问题key variables 关键变量key/house accounts 关键/机构客户laboratory tests 实验室测试leapfrog strategy 蛙跳战略learning hierarchy 学习层级结构legal services 法律服务legislation 立法legitimate power 法定权level of compensation 酬金水平level of technical sophistication 技术的复杂程度Levi Strauss 李维·史特劳斯Levi's 列维斯(全球最大的牛仔服制造商)lexicographic model 词典编纂模型lifestyle 生活方式limited-service wholesalers 有限服务的批发商line extension 产品线扩展line filling 产品线填充line stretching 产品线延伸list price 订价Lloyd's of London 伦敦劳埃德保险公司localizaiton strategy 本地化战略location pricing 场所定价location 位置lodging 房屋出租logistical alliances 后勤联盟long-term memory 长期记忆lost customer 失去的顾客Louis Vuitton 路易·威登(法国著名时尚品牌)low-contact service system 低接触服务系统low-cost defender 低成本防御型low-cost position 低成本地位low-involvement hierarchy 低参与程度层级结构macro risks 宏观风险macroenvironment 宏观环境macrosegmentation 宏观细分mail-order retailers 邮购零售商maintaining market share 保持市场份额maintenance strategy 保持战略management overhead 管理费mandatory adaptation 强制性适应manufacturer brand 制造商/全国性品牌manufacturers' agents/representatives 生产商的代理商/销售代表manufacturers' export agents (MEA) 制造商出口代理manufacturers' sales offices/branches 生产商的销售办事处/分支机构manufacturing process 制造过程manufacturing 制造业market aggregation strategy 整体市场战略market attractiveness factors 市场吸引力因素market attractiveness 市场吸引力market attractiveness/business position matrix 市场吸引力/业务地位矩阵market circumstances 市场环境market demorgraphics 市场人口分布/统计特征market dimension 市场量度market entry strategies 市场进入战略market exclusion 市场排斥market expansion strategy 市场扩张战略market factors 市场因素market followers 市场跟随者market growth rate 市场增长率market hirarchy 市场等级market inclusion 市场纳入market leaders 市场领导者market measurement 市场测量market opportunity analysis 市场机会分析market oriented 以市场为导向的market position factors 市场地位因素market positioning analysis 市场定位分析market potential measurements 市场潜力测度market research 市场研究market segment 细分市场market segmentation 市场细分market share 市场份额market targeting 目标市场选择market 市场marketability 市场开拓能力market-entry strategies 市场进入战略marketing action plan 营销行动计划marketing audit 营销审计marketing channel 营销渠道marketing codes of conduct 营销行为规范marketing communication 营销沟通/传播marketing concept 营销观念marketing control 营销控制marketing decision support systems (MDSS) 营销决策支持系统marketing environment audit 营销环境审计marketing flows and functions 营销过程和职能marketing function area audit 营销功能领域的审计marketing implications of 对营销的影响marketing information system 营销信息系统marketing institutions 营销机构marketing management 营销管理marketing message 营销信息marketing mix 营销组合marketing policy 营销策略marketing productivity area audit 营销生产力领域的审计marketing program components 营销计划内容marketing program 营销计划/方案marketing relationship 营销关系marketing research 营销研究marketing strategy 营销战略market-management organizational structure 市场管理组织结构mark-up price 产品/溢价价格Marlboro 万宝路Marriott Hotel 万豪酒店mass-market penetration strategy 大规模市场渗透战略mass-market strategy 大市场战略matrix organizational structure 矩阵组织结构Matsushita 日本松下电子mature conformists 成熟的随大流者mature markets 成熟市场mature stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成熟阶段McDonald's 麦当劳McDonnell Douglas 麦道公司MCI电讯公司(前世界通信公司)MDSS (Marketing-Decision Support System) 市场决策支持系统measurability 可测度性measure or index 测量指标measurement criteria 计量标准media audiences 媒体受众medical and health services 医疗卫生服务Medico Containment Servicesmemory of consumers 消费者记忆Mercedes-Benz 梅赛德斯-奔驰Mercer Management Consulting 美国美智管理顾问公司merchandising 推销merchant middlemen 国内贸易中间商merchant wholesalers 商业批发商message structure 信息结构Michael Porter 迈克尔-波特micro risks 微观风险microsegmentatioin 微观细分Miller Tyding ACT, USA 米勒·泰丁法案minging 矿业Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) 明尼苏达矿业和制造公司Minolta 美能达miscellaneous sources 多方面来源mission 宗旨missionary selling 推销式销售Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 三菱重工modified rebuy 调整再购monosegment positioning 单一细分市场定位Monsanto 孟山都农业生物技术公司moral appeals 伦理/道德诉求morals 道德Motorola 摩托罗拉multichannel distribution 多渠道分销multidimensional scaling 多维等级法multilevel selling 多级销售multinational coporations (MNCs) 跨国公司multiple test markets 多测试市场multiple-brand strategy 多品牌战略multiple-factor index 多因素指数法multisegment positioning 多重细分市场定位mutual trust 相互信任national account management 全国性客户管理national market 国内市场National Semiconductor 美国国家半导体公司natural products 天然产品NEC 日本电子Nescafé 雀巢咖啡Nestlé 雀巢net sales 净销售额network computer (NC) 网络计算机new business selling 新业务销售new buy 购入新产品new entrants 新进入者new markets 新市场new materials 新材料New Prod screening model 新普罗德筛选模型new product lines 新产品线new products 新产品new-product development 新产品开发new-product ideas 新产品创意Newsweek 《新闻周刊》new-task buying 全新采购new-to-the-world products 世界性新产品niche penetration strategy 壁龛/机会市场渗透战略niche-market strategy 壁龛市场战略Nike 耐克Nissan 尼桑no-brand brand name 无品牌的品牌名称no-frills product 无虚饰产品noise in communication system 传播系统中的噪音non-financial rewards 非物质性奖励措施non-probability sampling 非概率抽样non-profit organization 非盈利组织non-store retailing 无店铺零售业number of stockouts 迟滞数目object-and-task method of promotion budgeting 目标-任务促销预算法objectives and strategy area audit 目标与战略领域的审计objectives 具体目标observation 观察法occupancy costs 房屋占用成本occupation/position 职业/职位odd pricing 奇/余数定价法OEM (original equipment manufacturer) 原始设备制造商oeverall quality 总体质量off-invoice discounts 发票之外的折扣offsets 抵消交易Omega 欧米加on-air testing 广播测试OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克(石油输出国组织)opening relationships 建立关系operating supplies 生产供应品operational excellence 运作管理水平opinion leaders 意见领导者opportunity cost 机会成本opportunity identification 机会识别opportunity/threat matrix 机会/威胁矩阵order cycle time 订货周期order processing 订单处理organisational level 组织层次organizaitonal requirement planning 组织需求计划organization area audit 组织领域的审计organization buying center 组织采购中心organizational customer 组织顾客organizational direct selling 组织直销organizational markets 组织市场organizational purchasing 组织采购organzational structure 组织结构outdoor enthusiasts 户外运动爱好者out-of-home media 户外广告媒体overall cost leadership 全面成本领先overheads 日常开支overseas direct investment 海外直接投资ownership of new product 新产品所有权packaging 包装panel of experts 专家小组parentage 渊源parties involved 交换中的各方payment terms 支付条款pay-off control 支出控制penetration pricing 渗透定价Pepsi-Cola 百事可乐perceived customer value 顾客感知价值perceived quality 感知到的质量perceived value 感知到的价值percentage of sales promotion budgeting method 销售额百分比促销预算法perceptions of consumers 消费者感知/理解perceptual (product) pisitioning 感知(产品)定位perceptual map 感知图perceptual organization 感知组织perceptual vigilance 感性的警惕performance dimension 业绩标准performance evaluation 业绩评估performance measures 表现/业绩测度performance objective 绩效目标performance standards 绩效标准performance 功能perishability 非持久性personal selling 人员推销personal sources 个人的信息来源personnel development 人力资源开发persuasive 说服性的pharmaceuticals industry 医药行业physical (product) positioning 物理(产品)定位physical descriptors 物理变量physical distribution 实物分销Pillsbury 皮尔斯博瑞pioneers 先入者Pizza Hut 必胜客place utility 地点效用planning and control system area audit 计划与控制系统领域的审计point of sale information 销售点信息point-of-purhcase (POP) promotion 采购点促销point-of-sales (POS) data 销售点数据pontificator 保守派popularity 通用性population trends 人口趋势portfolio models for resource allocation 资源配置的资产组合模式position intensity 地位集中程度positioning 定位possession utility 拥有效用post-purchase dissonance 购买后的不协调post-purchase evaluation 购买后评估post-purchase/after-sale service 售后服务potential advantages 潜在优势potential customer 潜在顾客potential market 潜在市场potential target market 潜在目标市场power in distribution 分销权力power of buyers 购买者能力power of suppliers 供应商能力predatory pricing 掠夺性定价法pre-empting scarce resources 先占稀缺资源preferential treatment 特惠待遇premiums 额外奖励present competitors 现有的竞争者presenting sales message 提供销售信息pre-test market research 测试前市场研究price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性price fixing 价格设定price leaders 价格领导者price lining 价格排列定价法price promotion 价格促销price quotation 报价price sensitivity 价格敏感度price structure 价格结构price 价格price/earnings ration 价格/收益比price-off promotions 降价促销price-setting process 定价过程pricing adjustments 定价调整pricing policies 价格策略pricing 定价primary demand 基本需求primary sources 第一类/主要数据print media 印刷媒体private/for-profit organization 私营/盈利性组织PRIZM (Potential Rating Index for Zip Markets) 按邮政区划为基础的潜力等级指数proactive new-product development strategy 进取型新产品开发战略probability sampling 概率抽样problem formulation 界定问题problem identificatioin 确定问题process management 过程管理Procter & Gamble (P&G) 宝洁公司product line 产品线product availability 产品的可获得性product category 产品类别product class 产品类别product decisions 产品决策product design 产品设计product development 产品开发product dimension or attributes 产品维度/属性product evolution 产品演变product features 产品特征product intent share 产品倾向份额product leadership 产品领导能力product life cycle (PLC) 产品生命周期product life cycle curve 产品生命周期曲线product line 产品线product manager audit 产品经理审计product offering 供应品product organizaiton of salesforce 按产品组织销售队伍product policies 产品策略product positioning 产品定位product quality 产品质量product scope 产品范围product space 产品位置product specifications 产品规格product systems 产品体系product type 产品类型product usage 产品用途product 产品product(ion)-oriented organization 产品/生产导向型组织production 生产product-line pricing adjustments 产品线定价调整product-management organizational structure 产品管理组织结构product-market entry control 产品-市场进入控制product-related behavioral descriptors 与产品相关的行为变量product's market characteristics 产品的市场特征product-use testing 产品使用测试pro-environment 环保profit impact of market strategy (PIMS) 市场战略的利润影响profitability analysis 盈利性分析profitability 盈利性/盈利能力profitable survivor strategy 有利可图的生存者战略project-company resource compatibility 项目与公司资源的协调性projected profit-and-loss statement 预计损益表projective tests 投影测试promotion decisions 促销决策promotion mix 促销组合promotion policies 促销策略promotion 促销promotional allowance 促销折让promotional effort 促销努力promotional pricing 促销定价promptness 及时性propector strategy 探索型战略prospecting for customers 寻找顾客psychographics 心理统计特征psychological cost 心理成本。
Marketing市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表

市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表Marketing Management营销管理New Products Development新产品开发Service Industry Marketing服务业营销Advertising广告Business Negotiation商业谈判International Marketing国际市场营销Sales Channels销售渠道Public Relationship公共关系Consumer Behavior消费者行为Systems of Management Information管理信息系统Marketing Research营销调研accessibility 可进入性accessory equipment markets 附属设备市场account management policies 客户管理策略positioning定位market segmentation市场细分sales promotion销售促进advertising feedback 广告反馈advertising frequency 广告频率advertising media 广告媒体advertising reach 广告接受人数advertising message 广告信息advertising source 广告信息来源agent middleman 代理商allowance 折让alteration 退换American Marketing Association 美国营销协会annual marketing plan 年度营销计划assurance 保证attitudes of consumers 消费者态度availability 可获得性/供货能力awareness (产品)知晓度/知名度baby boomers 婴儿潮出生的一代人backward channels for recycling 回收的后向渠道backward integration 后向垂直一体化banner advertisements 横幅标语广告bar codes 条形码barter 实物交易basic physical needs 基本生理需要BCG Grow-Share Matrix 波士顿增长-份额矩阵before tests 事前测试Behavior Scan Information Resources Inc. 行为扫描信息源公司behavioural analysis 行为分析behavioural hierarchies 行为层级benchmarking 基准benefit clusters 利益群体benefits 利益Benz 奔驰billing 帐单birth rate 出生率blanket purchase order 一揽子采购合同blind-paired comparison testing 双盲比较测试blue collars 蓝领bottom line 底线/盈亏一览结算线brand awareness 品牌意识/认知brand extensions 品牌扩展brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度brand mark 品牌标志brand name 品牌名称brand positioning 品牌定位brand recognition 品牌识别brand strategies 品牌战略brand 品牌branding strategy 品牌化战略branding 品牌化brand's equity 品牌的价值break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析break-even volume 盈亏平衡产量breath of product assortment 产品线的宽度bribery 贿赂British Airways 英国航空公司brokers 经纪人budgeting 预算bundle 捆绑Bureau of Census 人口统计局business strength rating 商业能力评分business plan 商业计划business position 经营地位business sector 商业部门business services markets 商业服务市场business strategies 经营战略business unit strategy 经营单位战略buyback allowances 回购折让buyback arrangements 产品返销buyers' bargaining power 买方的讨价还价能力buyers 采购者buying behavior 购买行为buying center 采购中心buying inertia 购买惯性buying intention 购买意图buying offices 连锁商店的进货中心buying situation 采购情况/类型buying task 采购任务capital gains 资本收益capital invested in product 产品投入资本Carnival 嘉年华cash cows 现金牛类cash discounts 现金折扣catalogue sales 目录销售categorization of perception 感知分类categorization 分门别类centralization 集中化chameleons/followers 变色龙/跟随者channel alternatives 可选择的营销渠道channel conflicts 渠道冲突channel decisions 渠道决策channel functions 渠道功能channel institutions 渠道组织结构channel management 渠道管理channel objectives 渠道目标channel of distribution 分销渠道channel power 渠道权力channel-control strategies 渠道控制战略channel-design decisions 渠道设计决策channel-management decisions 渠道管理决策channels of communication 传播渠道choice criteria 选择标准closing a sale 结束销售clothing retailers 服装零售商co-branding 联合品牌code of ethics (职业)道德标准coercive power 强制权cognitive dissonance 认识的不协调collection of data 数据收集collection 收款co-marketing alliances 联合营销联盟combination compensation plan 结合式薪酬方案commitment 承诺communication channels 传播渠道communication process 传播过程communication 信息交流/沟通communications media 传播媒体company personnel 公司员工comparative advertisements 比较广告comparison of brands 品牌比较compensation deals 补偿处理compensation plan 酬金方案compensation/rewards 酬金/奖励compensatory 补偿性的competition-orientated pricing 竞争导向定价法competitive advantage 竞争优势competitive (supply-side) evolution 竞争(供方)演变competitive factors 竞争因素competitive intelligence 竞争情报/信息competitive parity promotion budgeting 竞争均势促销预算法competitive strategy 竞争战略competitive strength 竞争优势/能力competitor analysis 竞争者分析complaint handling 投诉处理component materials and parts markets 组成材料和零部件市场computerized ordering 计算机化的订购conclusive research 确定性研究conditions of demand 需求情况conformance to specifications 与规格一致conformance 一致性confrontation strategy 对抗战略conjoint measurement 联合测度法conjunctive model 联合模型consumer decision-making 消费者(购买)决策consumer goods channels 消费品分销渠道consumer goods 消费品consumer markets 消费品市场consumer needs 消费者需求consumer packaged-goods firms 消费者包装食品公司consumer promotion 消费者促销consumer tests 消费者测试consumer/household market 消费者/家庭市场consumers' perceptions 消费者感知consumption 消费contests 竞赛contingency planning 权变计划contract construction 契约建筑业contract manufacturing 契约制造业contraction/strategic withdrawal strategy 收缩/战略性撤退战略contractual entry modes 契约式进入模式contractual vertical marketing systems 合约式垂直营销系统contribution margin analysis 边际贡献(贡献毛利)分析contribution margin 边际贡献control strategies 控制战略convenience food stores 便利食品商店convenience goods 便利品convenience 服务的便利性core benefit proposition (CBP) 核心利益方案/提议corollary-data method 推定数据法corporate HQ 公司总部corrective action 矫正行动cost analysis 成本分析cost effectiveness 成本有效性cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略cost of capital 资本成本cost of goods sold (COGS) 产品销售成本cost reductions 降低成本产品cost-and-volume relationship 成本-数量关系cost-oriented pricing 成本导向定价法cost-plus/mark-up pricing 成本加成/溢价定价法costs and benefits of marketing functions 营销职能的成本和效益costs of competitors 竞争者成本costs of distribution 分销成本counter trade 对等贸易courtesy 礼貌coverage of geographic market 地域性市场的范围coverage of relevant retailers 相关零售商的销售范围credibility 信誉credit terms 信贷条款critical assumptions 关键假设cross-elasticity 交叉弹性customary pricing 习惯性定价法customer analysis 顾客分析customer contact 顾客接触customer demand 顾客需求customer intimacy 顾客亲密度customer loyalty 顾客忠诚度customer need 顾客需要customer organization of sales force 按客户组织销售队伍customer retention 顾客维系/保留customer satisfaction 顾客满意度customer segment pricing 顾客细分市场定价customer service 顾客服务customer-oriented pricing 顾客导向定价法customers' perception 顾客感知data confidentiality 数据保密data research 数据研究data sources 数据来源dealers 经销商deceptive advertisements 欺骗性广告deciders 决策者declining markets 衰退市场decoding 解码defect rate 缺陷率defender strategy 防御型战略defensive new-product development strategy 防御性新产品开发战略defensive positioning 防御性定位delivery time 交付时间delivery 配送demand characteristics 需求特征demand curve 需求曲线demand-oriented pricing 需求导向定价法demographic environment 人口统计环境department stores 百货商店dependability 可靠性deregulation 放松管制descriptive research 描述性研究design decisions 设计决策desired percentage mark-up on retail 预期零售利润率desired percentage return 预期回报率determinant attributes 关键属性determinants 决定因素different responses 差别反应differentiated marketing 差异化营销differentiation over time 不同时间的差异differentiation strategy 差异化战略differentiation 差异化diffusion of innovation theory 创新扩散理论dimension 因素dimensions of quality 质量维度direct costing profitability analysis 直接成本盈利性分析direct mail 直接邮寄direct marketing via advertising media 通过广告媒体的直接营销direct marketing 直接营销direct product profitability (DPP) 直接产品盈利性/利润率direct selling 直销discount rate 贴现率discount stores 折扣商店discount 折扣discount/premium price policies 折扣/溢价策略discriminant analysis 差异分析法discriminatory adjustments 歧视价格调整discriminatory pricing adjustments 歧视定价调整disjunctive model 分离模型display space 陈列空间disposable income 可支配收入dissonance-attribution hierarchy 不和谐-归属层次结构distribution channel designs 分销渠道设计distribution channel objectives 分销渠道的目标distribution channel 分销渠道distribution decisions 分销决策distribution policies 分销策略distribution 分销distributor/store (private labels) brands 分销商/私有品牌distributors 分销商diversification 多元化divest 撤退divest 出让divestment or liquidation 收回投资或清算dividend 红利domestic target marketing strategies 国内目标市场定位的营销战略dropping products 放弃产品dual/two channel distribution systems 双重分销系统durability 耐用性early vs late adoption 早期采购与后期采购earnings per share 每股收益economic and technological factors 经济技术因素economic power 经济权economies of scale 规模经济education services 教育服务effectiveness 有效性efficiency 效率emergency goods 急需品emotional appeals 情感诉求empathy 移情作用empirical evidence 经验性实例empowerment 授权encoding 编码end use 最终使用endorsement 赞同engineering (产品)工程设计entrepreneurial strategy 企业家战略entry strategies 进入战略environment and packaging disposal 环境与包装处理environment factors 环境因素environmental scanning 环境扫描/分析environmental strategy 环境战略establishment 机构ethical audit (公司)伦理审计ethics of marketing 营销伦理道德ethnic composition 种族构成European Community 欧共体evaluation and reward systems 评估与奖励体系evaluation and selection of supplier 评估和选择供应商evaluation of alternatives 评估替代品/各种选择evaluation of brands 品牌评估event sponsorship 事件赞助event 活动everyday low-price (EDLP) 天天低价evoked set 引发的组合evolution of market 市场演变exchange 交换exclusive dealing 独家销售exclusive distribution 独家分销executive summary 执行摘要exhibition media 展示广告媒体existing market 现有市场exit barriers 退出壁垒expansion path 扩张途径expectation measures (顾客)预期测度expectations of customers 顾客期望expected unit sales 预计产量expected value 期望价值experience curve 经验曲线experimental research 实验性研究expert power 专长权exploratory research 探索性研究export agents 出口代理(商)export jobbers 出口批发商export management company 出口管理公司export merchants 出口贸易商export 出口exporting 出口商品extended use strategy 扩大使用战略extending volume growth 扩大市场份额external data sources 外部数据来源external environment 外部环境extrapolation of past sales trends 过去销售趋势推测法facilitating agencies 辅助/中介机构factor analysis 因素分析法fads 时尚family branding 家族品牌family life cycle 家庭生命周期family structure 家庭结构farm products 农产品fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) 快速变动的消费品fear appeals 恐惧/顾虑诉求features 特征Federal Department Stores 联邦百货商店Federal Trade Code (FTC) 联邦贸易法案FedEx (Federal Express) 联邦快递feedback data 反馈数据field test marketing 实地市场测试financing 融资fisheries 渔业fit and finish 结实度与外观fixed costs 固定成本fixed salary 固定工资flanker strategy 侧翼进攻战略flanker/fighting brand 战斗品牌flanking and encirclement strategies 侧翼进攻与围堵战略flat organizational structure 扁平的组织结构FOB origin pricing FOB产地定价法focus strategy 集中战略followers 追随者Ford 福特公司foreign middlemen 国外中间商forestry 林业formalization 形式/规范化formulate 制定fortress/position-defence strategy 防御堡垒战略Fortune 《财富》杂志forward integration 向前一体化franchise systems 特许系统franchising 特许经营free call numbers 免费电话号码free goods 免费商品freight-absorption pricing 免收运费定价法fringe benefits 小额津贴frontal attack strategy 正面进攻战略full costing profitability analysis 全成本盈利性分析full-service wholesalers 全方位服务的批发商functional competencies and resource allocation 职能能力与资源分配functional efficiency 职能效率functional organization of sales force 按销售职能组织销售队伍functional organizational structure 职能型组织结构functional performance 功能性能functional strategy 职能战略games 比赛gap 差距gatekeepers 信息传递者general behavioral descriptors 一般行为变量General Electric (GE) 通用电气General Foods Corporation 通用食品general merchandise discount chains 大众商品折扣连锁店General Motors 通用汽车geodemographics 区域人口统计特征geographic adjustments 地理调整geographic distribution 地理分布geographical organization of sales force 按地区组织销售队伍Gillette 吉列剔须刀global adjustments 全球调整global elite consumer segment 全球精英消费品市场global expansion 全球扩张global marketing control 全球营销控制global markets 全球市场global niche strategy 全球机会战略global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略global teenage segment 全球青少年市场globalization 全球化global-market expansion 全球市场扩张goals 总目标going-rate/competitive parity pricing 竞争性平价定价法goods producers 产品制造商Goodyear 固特异轮胎government agencies 政府机构government buyers 政府采购者government market 政府市场government regulation 政府管制greenhouse effect 温室效应grey market 灰色市场gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值gross margin 毛利gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值gross profit 毛利gross rating points (GRPs) 总级别指数group/category product manager 类别产品经理growing markets 成长市场growth rate of market 市场增长率growth stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成长阶段growth-extension strategies 增长扩张战略growth-market strategies for market leaders 市场领导者的市场增长战略growth-market strategy 成长性市场战略growth-market targeting strategy 成长性市场定位战略guarantee/warranty 保证/担保guarantees 保证Gucci 古琦(世界著名时装品牌)Haagen-Dazs 哈根达斯hard technology 硬技术Harvard Business Review 《哈佛商业评论》harvest 收获harvesting pricing 收获定价法harvesting strategy 收获战略health care 医疗保健health maintenance organizations (HMOs) (美国)卫生保健组织heavy buyer 大客户Heileman Brewing CompanyHeinz 亨氏食品helpfulness 有益性Henkel 汉高Hertz 赫兹(美国汽车租赁巨头)Hewlett-Packard 惠普公司hierarchy of strategy 战略的层次high margin/low-turnover retailers 高利润/低周转率的零售商high market share global strategy 高市场份额全球战略high-contact service system 高接触服务系统high-involvement product 高参与产品high-involvement purchase 高参与购买hight market share 高市场份额战略Hilton 希尔顿Holiday Inns 假日旅馆homogeneous market 同质市场Honda 本田household/family life cycle 家庭生命周期household 家庭hybrid technology 混合技术idea generation 创意的产生/生成ideas for new products 新产品创意/构想idea-screening process 创意筛选过程identification of segments 识别细分市场Illinois Tool Works 伊利诺斯工具厂image pricing 形象定价imitative positioning 模仿定位imitative strategy 模仿战略impact evaluation 影响评估impersonal sources 非个人的信息来源implementation and control of marketing programs 营销计划的执行和控制implementation 实施improvements in or revisions of existing products 现有产品的改良或修正impulse buying 冲动购买impulse goods 冲动购买品incentives 激励income 收入increased penetration strategy 增加渗透战略indirect costing profitability analysis 间接成本盈利性分析individual brand 个别品牌individual value 个人价值industrial goods & services 工业产品和服务industrial goods channels 工业品分销渠道industry attractiveness 行业吸引力industry attractiveness-business position matrix 行业吸引力-业务地位矩阵industry dynamics 产业动态industry evaluation 产业评估industry evolution 产业演变inelastic 缺乏价格弹性influences 影响者info-communications industry 信息通信行业infomercials 商业信息广告information age 信息时代information search 信息搜集information technology 信息技术information 信息informative 告知性的ingredient 成份in-home personal interview 个人家庭访谈in-house use tests 内部使用测试innovation 创新innovativeness 创新性installation 设施in-store display 店内展示in-store positioning 店内布局in-store promotion 店内促销intangibles 无形integrated marketing communication plan (IMC) 整合营销传播计划integration of perception 感知整合integration 整合Intel 因特尔intensity of market position 市场地位的集中程度intensity 集中程度intensive distribution 密集型分销interactions across multiple target markets 多目标市场间的相互作用interactive media 交互式媒体interest rates 利率internal data sources 内部数据来源internal marketing 内部营销internal organizational structure 内部组织结构international advertising 国际广告international channels 国际分销渠道international division 国际分部international marketing 国际营销international organizational design 国际组织设计internationalization of services 服务的国际化introductory stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的推出阶段inventory level 库存水平investor relations advertising 投资关系广告issue advertising 观点广告jobbers 批发商Johnson & Johnson 强生joint ventures 合资jury of executive opinion 行政管理人员群体意见法just noticeable difference (JND) 恰巧注意到的差异just-in-time (JIT) management system 准时制管理体系just-in-time purchasing arrangements 及key account management 主要客户管理key accounts 关键客户key benefits 核心利益key environmental issue identification 确定主要的环境问题key variables 关键变量key/house accounts 关键/机构客户laboratory tests 实验室测试leapfrog strategy 蛙跳战略learning hierarchy 学习层级结构legal services 法律服务legislation 立法legitimate power 法定权level of compensation 酬金水平level of technical sophistication 技术的复杂程度Levi Strauss 李维·史特劳斯Levi's 列维斯(全球最大的牛仔服制造商)lexicographic model 词典编纂模型lifestyle 生活方式limited-service wholesalers 有限服务的批发商line extension 产品线扩展line filling 产品线填充line stretching 产品线延伸list price 订价Loyd's of London 伦敦劳埃德保险公司localization strategy 本地化战略location pricing 场所定价location 位置lodging 房屋出租logistical alliances 后勤联盟long-term memory 长期记忆lost customer 失去的顾客Louis Vuitton 路易·威登(法国著名时尚品牌)low-contact service system 低接触服务系统low-cost defender 低成本防御型low-cost position 低成本地位low-involvement hierarchy 低参与程度层级结构macro risks 宏观风险macro-environment 宏观环境macro-segmentation 宏观细分mail-order retailers 邮购零售商maintaining market share 保持市场份额maintenance strategy 保持战略management overhead 管理费mandatory adaptation 强制性适应manufacturer brand 制造商/全国性品牌manufacturers' agents/representatives 生产商的代理商/销售代表manufacturers' export agents (MEA) 制造商出口代理manufacturers' sales offices/branches 生产商的销售办事处/分支机构manufacturing process 制造过程manufacturing 制造业market aggregation strategy 整体市场战略market attractiveness factors 市场吸引力因素market attractiveness 市场吸引力market attractiveness/business position matrix 市场吸引力/业务地位矩阵market circumstances 市场环境market demographics 市场人口分布/统计特征market dimension 市场量度market entry strategies 市场进入战略market exclusion 市场排斥market expansion strategy 市场扩张战略market factors 市场因素market followers 市场跟随者market growth rate 市场增长率market hierarchy 市场等级market inclusion 市场纳入market leaders 市场领导者market measurement 市场测量market opportunity analysis 市场机会分析market oriented 以市场为导向的market position factors 市场地位因素market positioning analysis 市场定位分析market potential measurements 市场潜力测度market research 市场研究market segment 细分市场market segmentation 市场细分market share 市场份额market targeting 目标市场选择market 市场marketability 市场开拓能力market-entry strategies 市场进入战略marketing action plan 营销行动计划marketing audit 营销审计marketing channel 营销渠道marketing codes of conduct 营销行为规范marketing communication 营销沟通/传播marketing concept 营销观念marketing control 营销控制marketing decision support systems (MDSS) 营销决策支持系统marketing environment audit 营销环境审计marketing flows and functions 营销过程和职能marketing function area audit 营销功能领域的审计marketing implications of 对营销的影响marketing information system 营销信息系统marketing institutions 营销机构marketing management 营销管理marketing message 营销信息marketing mix 营销组合marketing policy 营销策略marketing productivity area audit 营销生产力领域的审计marketing program components 营销计划内容marketing program 营销计划/方案marketing relationship 营销关系marketing research 营销研究marketing strategy 营销战略market-management organizational structure 市场管理组织结构mark-up price 产品/溢价价格Marlboro 万宝路Marriott Hotel 万豪酒店mass-market penetration strategy 大规模市场渗透战略mass-market strategy 大市场战略matrix organizational structure 矩阵组织结构Mitsubishi 日本松下电子mature conformists 成熟的随大流者mature markets 成熟市场mature stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成熟阶段McDonald's 麦当劳McDonnell Douglas 麦道公司MCI电讯公司(前世界通信公司)MDSS (Marketing-Decision Support System) 市场决策支持系统measurability 可测度性measure or index 测量指标measurement criteria 计量标准media audiences 媒体受众medical and health services 医疗卫生服务Medico Containment Servicesmemory of consumers 消费者记忆Mercedes-Benz 梅赛德斯-奔驰Mercer Management Consulting 美国美智管理顾问公司merchandising 推销merchant middlemen 国内贸易中间商merchant wholesalers 商业批发商message structure 信息结构Michael Porter 迈克尔-波特micro risks 微观风险microsegmentation 微观细分Miller Tyding ACT, USA 米勒·泰丁法案minging 矿业Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) 明尼苏达矿业和制造公司Minolta 美能达miscellaneous sources 多方面来源mission 宗旨missionary selling 推销式销售Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 三菱重工modified rebuy 调整再购mono segment positioning 单一细分市场定位Monsanto 孟山都农业生物技术公司moral appeals 伦理/道德诉求morals 道德Motorola 摩托罗拉multichannel distribution 多渠道分销multidimensional scaling 多维等级法multilevel selling 多级销售multinational corporations (MNCs) 跨国公司multiple test markets 多测试市场multiple-brand strategy 多品牌战略multiple-factor index 多因素指数法multisegment positioning 多重细分市场定位mutual trust 相互信任national account management 全国性客户管理national market 国内市场National Semiconductor 美国国家半导体公司natural products 天然产品NEC 日本电子Nescafé 雀巢咖啡Nestlé 雀巢net sales 净销售额network computer (NC) 网络计算机new business selling 新业务销售new buy 购入新产品new entrants 新进入者new markets 新市场new materials 新材料New Prod screening model 新普罗德筛选模型new product lines 新产品线new products 新产品new-product development 新产品开发new-product ideas 新产品创意Newsweek 《新闻周刊》new-task buying 全新采购new-to-the-world products 世界性新产品niche penetration strategy 壁龛/机会市场渗透战略niche-market strategy 壁龛市场战略Nike 耐克Nissan 尼桑no-brand brand name 无品牌的品牌名称no-frills product 无虚饰产品noise in communication system 传播系统中的噪音non-financial rewards 非物质性奖励措施non-probability sampling 非概率抽样non-profit organization 非盈利组织non-store retailing 无店铺零售业number of stock-outs 迟滞数目object-and-task method of promotion budgeting 目标-任务促销预算法objectives and strategy area audit 目标与战略领域的审计objectives 具体目标observation 观察法occupancy costs 房屋占用成本occupation/position 职业/职位odd pricing 奇/余数定价法OEM (original equipment manufacturer) 原始设备制造商overall quality 总体质量off-invoice discounts 发票之外的折扣offsets 抵消交易Omega 欧米加on-air testing 广播测试OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克(石油输出国组织)opening relationships 建立关系operating supplies 生产供应品operational excellence 运作管理水平opinion leaders 意见领导者opportunity cost 机会成本opportunity identification 机会识别opportunity/threat matrix 机会/威胁矩阵order cycle time 订货周期order processing 订单处理organizational level 组织层次organizational requirement planning 组织需求计划organization area audit 组织领域的审计organization buying center 组织采购中心organizational customer 组织顾客organizational direct selling 组织直销organizational markets 组织市场organizational purchasing 组织采购organizational structure 组织结构outdoor enthusiasts 户外运动爱好者out-of-home media 户外广告媒体overall cost leadership 全面成本领先overheads 日常开支overseas direct investment 海外直接投资ownership of new product 新产品所有权packaging 包装panel of experts 专家小组parentage 渊源parties involved 交换中的各方payment terms 支付条款pay-off control 支出控制penetration pricing 渗透定价Pepsi-Cola 百事可乐perceived customer value 顾客感知价值perceived quality 感知到的质量perceived value 感知到的价值percentage of sales promotion budgeting method 销售额百分比促销预算法perceptions of consumers 消费者感知/理解perceptual (product) positioning 感知(产品)定位perceptual map 感知图perceptual organization 感知组织perceptual vigilance 感性的警惕performance dimension 业绩标准performance evaluation 业绩评估performance measures 表现/业绩测度performance objective 绩效目标performance standards 绩效标准performance 功能perish ability 非持久性personal selling 人员推销personal sources 个人的信息来源personnel development 人力资源开发persuasive 说服性的pharmaceuticals industry 医药行业physical (product) positioning 物理(产品)定位physical descriptors 物理变量physical distribution 实物分销Pillsbury 皮尔斯博瑞pioneers 先入者Pizza Hut 必胜客place utility 地点效用planning and control system area audit 计划与控制系统领域的审计point of sale information 销售点信息point-of-purhcase (POP) promotion 采购点促销point-of-sales (POS) data 销售点数据pontificator 保守派popularity 通用性population trends 人口趋势portfolio models for resource allocation 资源配置的资产组合模式position intensity 地位集中程度positioning 定位possession utility 拥有效用post-purchase dissonance 购买后的不协调post-purchase evaluation 购买后评估post-purchase/after-sale service 售后服务potential advantages 潜在优势potential customer 潜在顾客potential market 潜在市场potential target market 潜在目标市场power in distribution 分销权力power of buyers 购买者能力power of suppliers 供应商能力predatory pricing 掠夺性定价法pre-empting scarce resources 先占稀缺资源preferential treatment 特惠待遇premiums 额外奖励present competitors 现有的竞争者presenting sales message 提供销售信息pre-test market research 测试前市场研究price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性price fixing 价格设定price leaders 价格领导者price lining 价格排列定价法price promotion 价格促销price quotation 报价price sensitivity 价格敏感度price structure 价格结构price 价格price/earnings ration 价格/收益比price-off promotions 降价促销price-setting process 定价过程pricing adjustments 定价调整pricing policies 价格策略pricing 定价primary demand 基本需求primary sources 第一类/主要数据print media 印刷媒体private/for-profit organization 私营/盈利性组织PRIZM (Potential Rating Index for Zip Markets) 按邮政区划为基础的潜力等级指数proactive new-product development strategy 进取型新产品开发战略probability sampling 概率抽样problem formulation 界定问题problem identification 确定问题process management 过程管理Procter & Gamble (P&G) 宝洁公司product line 产品线product availability 产品的可获得性product category 产品类别product class 产品类别product decisions 产品决策product design 产品设计product development 产品开发product dimension or attributes 产品维度/属性product evolution 产品演变product features 产品特征product intent share 产品倾向份额product leadership 产品领导能力product life cycle (PLC) 产品生命周期product life cycle curve 产品生命周期曲线product line 产品线product manager audit 产品经理审计product offering 供应品product organizaiton of salesforce 按产品组织销售队伍product policies 产品策略product positioning 产品定位product quality 产品质量product scope 产品范围product space 产品位置product specifications 产品规格product systems 产品体系product type 产品类型product usage 产品用途product 产品product(ion)-oriented organization 产品/生产导向型组织production 生产product-line pricing adjustments 产品线定价调整product-management organizational structure 产品管理组织结构product-market entry control 产品-市场进入控制product-related behavioral descriptors 与产品相关的行为变量product's market characteristics 产品的市场特征product-use testing 产品使用测试pro-environment 环保profit impact of market strategy (PIMS) 市场战略的利润影响profitability analysis 盈利性分析profitability 盈利性/盈利能力profitable survivor strategy 有利可图的生存者战略project-company resource compatibility 项目与公司资源的协调性projected profit-and-loss statement 预计损益表projective tests 投影测试promotion decisions 促销决策promotion mix 促销组合promotion policies 促销策略promotion 促销promotional allowance 促销折让promotional effort 促销努力promotional pricing 促销定价promptness 及时性propector strategy 探索型战略prospecting for customers 寻找顾客psycho-graphics 心理统计特征psychological cost 心理成本psychological pricing 心理定价法public organization 公共组织public relations 公共关系public utilities 公共设施publicity 公共宣传pull strategy for control of distribution channels 分销渠道控制的拉式战略pupil dilation 瞳孔扩张purchase predisposition 购买倾向purchasing agent 采购代理purchasing contract 采购合同purchasing manager/agent 采购经理/代理purchasing power parity (PPP) 购买力平价指数push money/spiffs 佣金push strategy for control of distribution channels 分销渠道控制的推式战略qualifying prospects 审查潜在顾客资格quality dimensions 质量维度quality 质量quantity discount 数量折扣question marks 问题类questioning 询问法quotas 定额R & D expenditure 研究开发战略race and ethnic origin 种族和民族rack jobbers 供应超级市场的批发商radio 无线电广播rank ordering 排序rate of adoption 采购率rate-of-return/target return pricing 回报率/目标回报定价法rational appeals 理性诉求rationale 基本原理raw materials 原材料reactive and proactive responses 反应及前摄策略reactive new-product development strategyreactor strategy 反应型战略real estate 房地产rebates 回扣recall tests 记忆测试receiver 接收者reciprocity 利益互惠recognition of problem/need 发现问题/需求recognition tests 认知测试recreation 娱乐业recruitment and selection 招聘与选拔recycling of packaging 包装回收(利用)Reebok 锐步reference group 参照群体referent power 参照权refocus 巩固refunds 退款refusal to deal 拒绝经营regression analysis 回归分析法regulation 管制related/concentric diversification 相关/同心多元化relational VMSs 相关式垂直营销系统relative attractiveness of declining markets 衰退市场的相对吸引力relative market potential 相对市场潜力relative market share 相对市场份额reliability 可靠性repeat purchase behavior 重复购买行为repetition 重复repositionings 重新定位产品requirements planning 需求计划re-seller 中间商resident buyers 常驻采购员resource allocation/deployment 资源配置response strategies 反应策略response to communication 传播响应responsive strategy 反应型新产品开发战略responsiveness 响应性。
市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表1

第1部分:Accesibility 可进入性accessory equipment markets 附属设备市场account management policies 客户管理策略additions to existing product lines 现有产品线的增加vertical marketing systems 垂直营销系统advertising reach 广告接受人数advertising message 广告信息advertising source 广告信息来源allowance 折让alteration 退换awareness (产品)知晓度/知名度baby boomers 婴儿潮出生的一代人backward channels for recycling 回收的后向渠道backward integration 后向垂直一体化barter 实物交易before tests 事前测试Behavior Scan Information Resources Inc. 行为扫描信息源公司behavioural analysis 行为分析behavioural hierarchies 行为层级benefit clusters 利益群体blanket purchase order 一揽子采购合同blind-paired comparison testing 双盲比较测试bottom line 底线/盈亏一览结算线brand extensions 品牌扩展brand recognition 品牌识别break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析break-even volume 盈亏平衡产量breath of product assortment 产品线的宽度breath or diversity of product lines 产品线的宽度或多样性brokers 经纪人bundle 捆绑busines strength rating 商业能力评分business position 经营地位business services markets 商业服务市场business unit strategy 经营单位战略buyback allowances 回购折让buyback arrangements 产品返销buyers' bargaining power 买方的讨价还价能力buying behavior 购买行为buying center 采购中心buying inertia 购买惯性buying offices 连锁商店的进货中心buying situation 采购情况/类型buying task 采购任务capital gains 资本收益capital invested in product 产品投入资本Carnival 嘉年华cash cows 现金牛类catalogue sales 目录销售categorization of perception 感知分类categorization 分门别类chameleons/followers 变色龙/跟随者channel alternatives 可选择的营销渠道channel decisions 渠道决策channel functions 渠道功能channel institutions 渠道组织结构channel objectives 渠道目标channel power 渠道权力channel-control strategies 渠道控制战略channel-design decisions 渠道设计决策channel-management decisions 渠道管理决策choice criteria 选择标准closing a sale 结束销售clothing retailers 服装零售商co-branding 联合品牌code of ethics (职业)道德标准coercive power 强制权cognitive dissonance 认识的不协调collection of data 数据收集collection 收款co-marketing alliances 联合营销联盟combination compensation plan 结合式薪酬方案communication process 传播过程comparative advertisements 比较广告comparison of brands 品牌比较compensation deals 补偿处理compensation plan 酬金方案compensation/rewards 酬金/奖励compensatory 补偿性的competition and industry evolution 竞争和行业演变competition-orientated pricing 竞争导向定价法competitive (supply-side) evolution 竞争(供方)演变competitive factors 竞争因素competitive intelligence 竞争情报/信息competitive parity promotion budgeting 竞争均势促销预算法competitive strategy 竞争战略competitive strength 竞争优势/能力complaint handling 投诉处理component materials and parts markets 组成材料和零部件市场computerized ordering 计算机化的订购conclusive research 确定性研究conditions of demand 需求情况conflict and resolution strategies 冲突和解决战略conformance to specifications 与规格一致conformance 一致性confrontation strategy 对抗战略conjoint measurement 联合测度法conjunctive model 联合模型consumer decision-making 消费者(购买)决策consumer goods channels 消费品分销渠道Consumer Goods Pricing Act, USA 美国消费品定价法案consumers' perceptions 消费者感知contingency planning 权变计划contract construction 契约建筑业contract manufacturing 契约制造业contraction/strategic withdrawal strategy 收缩/战略性撤退战略contractual entry modes 契约式进入模式contractual vertical marketing systems 合约式垂直营销系统contribution margin analysis 边际贡献(贡献毛利)分析contributrion margin 边际贡献control strategies 控制战略co-operative advertising 合作性广告co-ordination and conflict resolution 协调与冲突解决co-production 合作生产core benefit proposition (CBP) 核心利益方案/提议corollary-data method 推定数据法corporate vertical marketing systems 公司式垂直营销系统corporate/institutional advertising 团体/社会公共机构广告corrective action 矫正行动cost effectiveness 成本有效性cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略cost of capital 资本成本cost of goods sold (COGS) 产品销售成本cost reductions 降低成本产品cost-and-volume relationship 成本-数量关系cost-oriented pricing 成本导向定价法cost-plus/mark-up pricing 成本加成/溢价定价法costs and benefits of marketing functions 营销职能的成本和效益costs of competitors 竞争者成本costs of distribution 分销成本countertrade 对等贸易coverage of geographic market 地域性市场的围coverage of relevant retailers 相关零售商的销售围credibility 信誉credit terms 信贷条款critical assumptions 关键假设cross-elasticity 交叉弹性customary pricing 习惯性定价法customer contact 顾客接触customer intimacy 顾客亲密度customer organization of sales force 按客户组织销售队伍customer retention 顾客维系/保留customer satisfaction 顾客满意度customer segment pricing 顾客细分市场定价customer-oriented pricing 顾客导向定价法customers' perception 顾客感知customizing 定制deceptive advertisements 欺骗性广告decoding 解码defect rate 缺陷率defender strategy 防御型战略defensive new-product development strategy 防御性新产品开发战略defensive positioning 防御性定位demand characteristics 需求特征demand curve 需求曲线demand-oriented pricing 需求导向定价法demographic environment 人口统计环境dependability 可靠性deregulation 放松管制derived demand 衍生需求descriptive research 描述性研究design decisions 设计决策desired percentage mark-up on retail 预期零售利润率desired percentage return 预期回报率determinant attributes 关键属性determinants 决定因素different responses 差别反应differentiated defender strategy 差异化防御战略differentiated marketing 差异化营销differentiation over time 不同时间的差异diffusion of innovation theory 创新扩散理论dimension 因素dimensions of quality 质量维度direct costing profitability analysis 直接成本盈利性分析direct marketing via advertising media 通过广告媒体的直接营销direct marketing 直接营销direct product profitability (DPP) 直接产品盈利性/利润率discount rate 贴现率discount/premium price policies 折扣/溢价策略discriminant analysis 差异分析法discriminatory adjustments 歧视价格调整discriminatory pricing adjustments 歧视定价调整disjunctive model 分离模型dissonance-attribution hierarchy 不和谐-归属层次结构distribution channel designs 分销渠道设计distribution channel objectives 分销渠道的目标distributor/store (private lables) brands 分销商/私有品牌divest 撤退divest 出让divestment or liquidation 收回投资或清算dividend 红利dogs 瘦狗类domestic target marketing strategies 国目标市场定位的营销战略dropping products 放弃产品dual/two channel distribution systems 双重分销系统duplication (媒体)重复durability 耐用性early vs late adoption 早期采购与后期采购earnings per share 每股收益economic and technological factors 经济技术因素economic power 经济权education services 教育服务effectiveness 有效性emergency goods 急需品emotional appeals 情感诉求empathy 移情作用empirical evidence 经验性实例empowerment 授权encoding 编码end use 最终使用endorsement 赞同engineering (产品)工程设计entrepreneurial strategy 企业家战略entry strategies 进入战略environment and packaging disposal 环境与包装处理environment factors 环境因素environmental scanning 环境扫描/分析environmental strategy 环境战略establishment 机构ethical audit (公司)伦理审计ethics of marketing 营销伦理道德ethnic composition 种族构成evaluation and reward systems 评估与奖励体系evaluation and selection of supplier 评估和选择供应商evaluation of alternatives 评估替代品/各种选择evaluation of brands 品牌评估everyday low-price (EDLP) 天天低价evoked set 引发的组合evolution of market 市场演变exclusive dealing 独家销售exclusive distribution 独家分销executive summary 执行摘要exhibition media 展示广告媒体exit barriers 退出壁垒expansion path 扩途径expectation measures (顾客)预期测度expectations of customers 顾客期望expected unit sales 预计产量expected value 期望价值experience curve 经验曲线experimental research 实验性研究expert power 专长权exploratory research 探索性研究export agents 出口代理(商)export jobbers 出口批发商export management company 出口管理公司export merchants 出口贸易商exporting 出口商品extended use strategy 扩大使用战略extending volume growth 扩大市场份额extrapolation of past sales trends 过去销售趋势推测法facilitating agencies 辅助/中介机构factor analysis 因素分析法family branding 家族品牌family life cycle 家庭生命周期fear appeals 恐惧/顾虑诉求features 特征Federal Department Stores 联邦百货商店Federal Trade Code (FTC) 联邦贸易法案FedEx (Federal Express) 联邦快递feedback data 反馈数据field test marketing 实地市场测试financing 融资fisheries 渔业fit and finish 结实度与外观flanker strategy 侧翼进攻战略flanker/fighting brand 战斗品牌flanking and encirclement strategies 侧翼进攻与围堵战略flat organizational structure 扁平的组织结构FOB origin pricing FOB产地定价法focus strategy 集中战略foreign middlemen 国外中间商forestry 林业formalization 形式/规化formulate 制定fortress/position-defence strategy 防御堡垒战略forward integration 向前一体化franchise systems 特许系统franchising 特许经营free call numbers 免费freight-absorption pricing 免收运费定价法fringe benefits 小额津贴frontal attack strategy 正面进攻战略full costing profitability analysis 全成本盈利性分析full-service wholesalers 全方位服务的批发商functional competencies and resource allocation 职能能力与资源分配functional efficiency 职能效率functional organization of sales force 按销售职能组织销售队伍functional organizational structure 职能型组织结构functional performance 功能性能functional strategy 职能战略gatekeepers 信息传递者general behavioral descriptors 一般行为变量General Foods Corporation 通用食品general merchandise discount chains 大众商品折扣连锁店General Motors 通用汽车geodemographics 区域人口统计特征geographic adjustments 地理调整geographic distribution 地理分布geographical organization of sales force 按地区组织销售队伍Gillette 吉列剔须刀global adjustments 全球调整global elite consumer segment 全球精英消费品市场global expansion 全球扩global marketing control 全球营销控制global niche strategy 全球机会战略global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略global teenage segment 全球青少年市场global-market expansion 全球市场扩goals 总目标going-rate/competitive parity pricing 竞争性平价定价法goods producers 产品制造商Goodyear 固特异轮胎government agencies 政府机构government buyers 政府采购者government market 政府市场government regulation 政府管制grey market 灰色市场gross domestic product (GDP) 国生产总值gross margin 毛利gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值gross rating points (GRPs) 总级别指数group/category product manager 类别产品经理growth stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成长阶段growth-extension strategies 增长扩战略growth-market strategies for market leaders 市场领导者的市场增长战略growth-market strategy 成长性市场战略growth-market targeting strategy 成长性市场定位战略guarantee/warranty 保证/担保harvesting pricing 收获定价法harvesting strategy 收获战略health care 医疗保健health maintenance organizations (HMOs) (美国)卫生保健组织heavy buyer 大客户Heileman Brewing Companyhelpfulness 有益性Henkel 汉高Hertz 赫兹(美国汽车租赁巨头)hierarchy of strategy 战略的层次high margin/low-turnover retailers 高利润/低周转率的零售商high market share global strategy 高市场份额全球战略high-contact service system 高接触服务系统high-involvement product 高参与产品high-involvement purchase 高参与购买hight market share 高市场份额战略homogeneous market 同质市场household/family life cycle 家庭生命周期hybrid technology 混合技术idea generation 创意的产生/生成ideas for new products 新产品创意/构想idea-screening process 创意筛选过程identification of segments 识别细分市场image pricing 形象定价imitative positioning 模仿定位imitative strategy 模仿战略impact evaluation 影响评估impersonal sources 非个人的信息来源implementation and control of marketing programs 营销计划的执行和控制improvements in or revisions of existing products 现有产品的改良或修正impulse buying 冲动购买impulse goods 冲动购买品increased penetration strategy 增加渗透战略indirect costing profitability analysis 间接成本盈利性分析individual brand 个别品牌industrial goods & services 工业产品和服务industrial goods channels 工业品分销渠道industry attractiveness 行业吸引力industry attractiveness-business position matrix 行业吸引力-业务地位矩阵industry dynamics 产业动态industry evaluation 产业评估industry evolution 产业演变inelastic 缺乏价格弹性influencers 影响者infocommunications industry 信息通信行业infomercials 商业信息广告information search 信息搜集informative 告知性的in-home personal interview 个人家庭访谈in-house use tests 部使用测试innovativeness 创新性installation 设施in-store display 店展示in-store positioning 店布局in-store promotion 店促销intangibles 无形integrated marketing communication plan (IMC) 整合营销传播计划integration of perception 感知整合intensity of market position 市场地位的集中程度intensity 集中程度intensive distribution 密集型分销interactions across multiple target markets 多目标市场间的相互作用interactive media 交互式媒体internal organizational structure 部组织结构international advertising 国际广告international channels 国际分销渠道international division 国际分部international marketing 国际营销international organizational design 国际组织设计internationalization of services 服务的国际化introductory stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的推出阶段inventory level 库存水平investor relations advertising 投资关系广告issue advertising 观点广告jobbers 批发商Johnson & Johnson 强生jury of executive opinion 行政管理人员群体意见法just noticeable difference (JND) 恰巧注意到的差异just-in-time (JIT) management system 准时制管理体系just-in-time purchasing arrangements 及key account management 主要客户管理key accounts 关键客户key benefits 核心利益key environmental issue identification 确定主要的环境问题key variables 关键变量key/house accounts 关键/机构客户laboratory tests 实验室测试leapfrog strategy 蛙跳战略learning hierarchy 学习层级结构legal services 法律服务legislation 立法legitimate power 法定权level of compensation 酬金水平level of technical sophistication 技术的复杂程度Levi Strauss 维·史特劳斯lexicographic model 词典编纂模型limited-service wholesalers 有限服务的批发商line extension 产品线扩展line filling 产品线填充line stretching 产品线延伸list price 订价Lloyd's of London 伦敦劳埃德保险公司localizaiton strategy 本地化战略location pricing 场所定价lodging 房屋出租logistical alliances 后勤联盟long-term memory 长期记忆lost customer 失去的顾客low-contact service system 低接触服务系统low-cost defender 低成本防御型low-cost position 低成本地位low-involvement hierarchy 低参与程度层级结构。
市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译

市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译本文为市场营销中经常用到得一些中文与英文互译得标准用语,希望对市场营销从业人员有所帮助。
《财富》杂志Fortune案头调研Desk Research奥美公司Ogilvy & Mather白色商品White Goods百乐门Parliament百威啤酒Budweiser包裹销售法Banded Pack宝洁公司Procter &Gamble宝丽来Polaroid宝马BMW边际成本Marginal Cost边际收益Marginal Benefit标准差,均差Standard Deviation别克Buick波立兹调查公司Alfred PolitzResearch, Inc波旁王朝Ancient AgeBourbon波特福洛分析Portefolio Analysis产品差异Product Differentiation产品生命周期Product Life Cycle产品系列Product Line产品组合Product Mix阐述Presentation超级市场Supermarket成对比较法Paired parisons成功得理想主义者Successful Idealist承诺型消费者mittedBuyer程度测试Tachistoscope橙色商品Orange Goods冲动购买ImpulseBuying重叠率Duplication抽样Sampling传销Pyramid Selling传阅发行量Pass-on Circulation词语联想法Word Associaton刺激营销Incentive Marketing促销Promotion达彼思广告公司Ted Bates &Copany大卫·奥格威David Ogilvy戴比尔斯De Beers丹尼尔·斯塔奇公司DanileStarch& Staff弹性Elasticity到达率Reach道奇Dodge第三者法Third—Person Technique第一提及Top of Mind电话访问Telephone Interview电通广告公司Dentsu电子售点数据EPOSData定量研究Quantitative Research定位Positioning定性研究Qualitative Research动机研究Motivation Research读者Readers读者人数Readership独特销售主张Unique Selling Proposition杜邦公司Du Pont多方面衡量Multi-dimensional Scaling多品牌战略Multi-brand Strategy惰性销售Inertia Selling恩格尔曲线EngelCurves二手资料Secondary Data发行量Circulation发行量稽核组织ABC仿造Me Too访问Interview访问员Interviewer非处方药OTC菲力普·莫里斯公司Philip Morris pany菲亚特FIAT肥皂剧Soap Opera分刊测试Split—runTest分销Distribution丰田TOYATA缝隙分析GapAnalysis浮动插播Floating Spot辅助回想Aided Recall付费发行量PaidCirculation复核Back Checking复核Validation富豪汽车VOLVO富可视Infocus富士胶卷FUJI FILM覆盖率Coverage盖凡尼克皮肤反应测试仪Galvanic SkinResponse Meter 盖洛普暨罗宾逊调查公司Gallup& Robinson,Inc概念测试ConceptTesting高度介入产品High InvovementProcuct革新消费者Innovators葛瑞广告GreyAdvertising公众调查公司Audience Research,Inc贡献Contrubution购买周期Buying Cycle孤独守巢人Empty Nesers鼓动销售Hard Sell故事板/分镜头表Storyboard故事完成法Storypletion观察调研法ObseravtionStudy广告Advertising广告/销售比率Advertising/Sales Ratio广告比重Advertising Weight广告标准Advertising Standard广告调查基金会(美国)Advertising Research Foundation广告概要Advertising Brief广告口号Slogan广告目标即广告效果评测DefiningAdvertising Goals for Measured Advertising Results国际商用机器公司IBM过度杀伤Overkill过滤审查Screening哈佛商学院HarvardBusinessSchool红色商品RedGoods互补品plements花旗集团Citigroup华尔街WallStreet黄金时段Prime Time辉瑞Pfizer混合调查Omnibus Research混与调研Omnibus Research基本读者PrimaryReader稽核Audit吉芬商品Giffen Goods吉列Gillette集团购买Organizational Buying集中度Affinity集中市场细分ConcentratedSegmentation计算机辅助得电话采访puter Assisted Telephone Interviewing记忆测试RecallTest记忆性Memorability佳能Canan家乐福Carrefour家庭(户) House Hold家庭稽核Home Audit家庭生活周期Family Life Cycle甲壳虫Bettle价格分析Values Analysis价格敏感Price Sensitive价格歧视Price Discrimination价格战Price War间接调研Off-the—research建议价格Remended Price箭牌口香糖Wrigley讲究派头得诉求SnobAppeal交叉销售Cross—selling交替需求Alternate Demand焦点小组(讨论)Focus group (Discussion)角色扮演Role Playing阶式渗透Cascading结构化访问StructuredInterview金佰利Kimberly-Clark浸透策略PenetrationStrategy精工SEIKO句子完成法Sentence pletion决策群Decision Making Unit决定性调研ConclusiveResearch卡通测试Cartoon Tests开放题Open-ended Question开机率Homes Using TV柯达Kodak壳牌Shell可变价格VariablePricing可口可乐Coca-Cola可丽舒Kleenex可信度Believability克莱斯勒Chrysler克劳德·霍普金斯Claude Hopkins客观瞧法Outside View肯德基炸鸡KentuckyFriedChicken口碑广告Word—of—mouth Advertising快流量消费品Fast—movingConsumer Goods 拉力Pulling Power拦截访问Intercept Interview乐观奔命者Optimistic Striver离差Deviation李奥·贝纳Leo Burnett李佛兄弟公司LeverBrothers力士Lux连带外部效应NetworkExternality联合调研/辛迪加Syndicated Research联合分析ConjointAnalysis联合利华公司Unilever联想AssociationTechniques练习性预演Dry Run两步收费Two—partTariff量表Scale劣等商品InferiorGoods零售周期Wheelof Retailing零头定价法Odd-evenPricing漏斗深入法Funnel Approach露华浓Revlon乱数表Random-number Table罗塞·瑞夫斯Rosser Reevse罗夏测试Rorschach Test骆驼Camal马丁·迈耶Martin Mayer麦当劳McDonald's麦肯爱里克森广告公司Mccann-Erickson麦氏威尔咖啡Maxwell House Coffee卖方市场Seller’sMarket满意购买者SatisfiedBuyer盲测Blind Test毛评点Gross Ratting points媒体分析Media Analysis每千人(户)成本Cost Per ThousandFigure每千人成本Cost PerMille美孚Mobil美国报纸发行人协会AmericanNewspaperPublisher’s Association 美国电报电话公司AT&T美国广播公司ABC美国广告代理商协会4A’sTheAmericanAssociation of Advertising Agencies美国民意研究中心American Institute ofPublic Opinion美国营销协会American Marketing Association美国运通American Express描述性调研DescriptiveResearch民意测验Opinion Poll明尼苏达矿务及制造业公司3M模似Simulation姆姆巧克力M&M耐克Nike尼尔逊公司A、C、Nielsen尼尔逊全国电视指数NielsenNational Television Index 尼尔逊受众测定器Nielsenaudiometer尼尔逊指数NielsenIndex欧宝OPEL欧洲民意测验与市场调研协会ESOMAR帕累托原理Pareto Principle派生需求DerivedDemand攀比效应Bandwagon Effect判断性抽样Judgement Sampling旁氏Pond's陪伴购物AcpaniedShopping配额Quota配额抽样Quota Sampling频率分布Frequency Distribution品牌Brang品牌测试Brang Test品牌估价Brang Valuation品牌管理BrangManagement品牌偏好Brang Preference品牌认知Brang Awareness品牌形象Brang Image品牌性格Brang Personalities品牌忠诚度Brang Loyalty品牌转换成本Switching Cost品质认知度Perceived Quality七喜7UP期望值Expectations期望值Expected Value其她指导人Other-directed Person企业标志Corporate Logo企业识别Corporate Identity前导性研究PilotStudy潜意识广告SubliminalAdvertising强生公司Johnson & Johnson乔治·格里宾GeorgeGribbin情感购买者Like Friend情感象征EmotionalSymbol渠道冲突Channel Conflict全国性涵盖度Blanket人口统计学特征Demographics人员推销Personal Selling认识差距Cognitive Dissonance认知Awareness认知图表Perceptual Mapping日后记忆Day-after-recall入户访问Door-to-doorInterview软性促销Soft Sell萨奇公司Saatchi &Saatchi三维营销3-D商店稽核Store Audit社会等级Social Grading社会接受度Social Acceptability社会营销SocialMarketing深度访谈Depth Interview生存者Survivor生活方式Lifestyle声音比例SOV声音份额Share of V oice施乐Xerox时代华纳Time Warner时机感Sense of Timing时间档次Time Slot时序分析Time—Seriesanalysis识阈效应ThresholdEffect使用与态度Usage and Attitude市场策略得利润效果Profit Impact of MarketStrategy 市场调研Market Research市场调研/营销调研MarketingResearch市场细分MarketSegmentation市场占有率MarketShare视听众暴露度Impession收获战略Harvesting Strategy收入效应IneEffect收视(听)率Ratings收视率Television Rating售点POP售点POS斯塔奇数字Starch Figure斯坦利·里索Stanley Resor斯沃琪Swatch四点分析SWOT Analysis随机抽样Random Sampling索尼SONY态度Attitude探索性调研Exploratory汤橱浓汤Campbell’sSoup特许经营Franchise替代品Substitutes替代效应Substitution Effect天美时Timex听众调查Audience Research通用汽车General Motor同类相食Cannibalisation投射研究Projective Research图片响应法Picture Response Techniques推拉战略PushandPullStrategies推力Push Power完成法pletion Techniques完全竞争市场PerfectlypetitiveMarket万宝路Marlboro万事达卡Master Card威廉·伯恩巴克William Bernbach威士卡VISA维持者Sustainer伟哥Viagra胃溃疡峡谷Ulcer Gulch稳定插播AnchoredSpot问卷Questionnaire沃尔玛Wal-Mart Stores无品牌忠诚度No Brand Loyalty无提示认知UnaidedAwareness无准备调查访问Cold Calling西门子SIEMENS习惯购买者Habitual Buyer习惯性购买HabitBuying喜力Heineken系统销售System Selling细流战Drip Campaign显著特征SalientAttribute现场调研FieldResearch现场督导Conductor现场督导FieldSupervisor现场工作Field Work现场人员FieldForce线上活动Above-the-line线下活动Below—the—line相关群体Reference Group象牙牌香皂Ivory消费者购物固定样本ConsumerPurchase Panel消费者内在需求Consumer Insight消费者偏好ConsumerPreferences消费者剩余Consumer Surplus消费者形象描述Consumer Profile销售定额SalesQuota销售反馈功能SalesResponse Function销售领域Sales Territory销售预测SalesForecast销售专集Sales Literature销售组合Sales Mix小组讨论GroupDiscussion心理图案学Psychographics心理戏剧Motivational Theater心智索引Mindex心智占有率Share of Mind新奇士Sunkist新人训练Orientation Training形象Image虚荣效应Snob Effect选择性分销Selective Distribution雪佛兰Chevrolet雅皮YUPPY眼睛轨迹研究Eye Tracking Research扬雅广告公司Young & Rubicam样品Sample一次性购物One-stopShopping一手资料Primary Data伊莱克斯Electrolux宜家IKEA移情作用Empathy意见领导Opinion Leader因果性调研Causal Research营销会计稽核Marketing Audit营销近视Marketing Myopia营销组合10P’s营销组合4C’s'营销组合4P’s营销组合Marketing Mix营业额/到达率增长指数Turnover影响力等级Hierarchy ofEffects佣金制missionSystem由报纸决定(刊登位置)Run-of—paper邮购Mail Order有提示认知AidedAwareness有效贮藏期限Shelf Life诱导转向法Baitand Switch语义差异法Semantic Differential预检验Pre-testing原创性Originality原子状测试Atomistic Test岳母研究Mother-in—law Research载波技术ZAP赞助Sponsorship詹姆士·韦伯扬James Webb Young展览会Exhibition争夺经营Scrambled Merchandising正常商品Normal Goods直递Direct Mail直销Direct Marketing智威汤逊J、Walter Thompson重度消费者Heavy User主持人Moderator主题类化法Thematic Apperception属性特征Attributes住地居民细分法A Classification of ResidentialNeighborhoods 专家调研Specialist Research资料手册Fact Book自付优惠Self-liquidating Offer棕色商品Brown Goods最终用户End-user。
市场营销的术语中英文对照表

convenience goods Trade mark DM(Direct Mail) merchant wholesaler business analysis business philosophy commercialization Business Negotiation PP(Previous Period) VAL-PP(Value PP) Social environment Social classes Social marketing Penetration lifestyle ecological environment Time-series analysis fads actionability market market orientation market positioning Value Share market share market development market leader market penetration market penetration pricing MDR MDM MDE market segment market segmentation marketing environment marketing audit marketing information system
FOB-origin pricing TP(TETRA PAK) chain stores combination store P-T(Part-timer) Retailing wheel of retailing concept Retailer Retailer cooperatives RKA(Retail Key Account) fashion monopolistic competition Road Show HBR(Hotel,Bar,Restaurant) AC green marketing Floor Display maslow's hierarchy of needs 3A(Avalible、Able、Adsire) buyer's market MIT(Marketing Inpact Team) Seller’s market GRP(Gross Rating Point) media SPPD(Sales Per Point of Distribution) American marketing POP(Point Of Purchase) Seal-bid pricing Seal-bid pricing intensive distribution intensive growth opportunity freight-absorption pricing Stars Target profit pricing Served market(target market) catalog marketing
市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译

市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译
在市场营销专业中,有许多术语需要进行中英文对照翻译。
以下是一些常见的术语及其对照翻译:
1. 市场营销 - Marketing
2. 市场细分 - Market segmentation
3. 目标市场 - Target market
4. 市场调研 - Market research
5. 品牌定位 - Brand positioning
6. 市场营销策略 - Marketing strategy
7. 市场份额 - Market share
8. 市场渗透 - Market penetration
9. 市场营销组合 - Marketing mix
10. 产品生命周期 - Product life cycle
11. 市场定位 - Market positioning
12. 目标市场调研 - Target market research
13. 产品定价 - Product pricing
14. 市场推广 - Market promotion
15. 产品包装 - Product packaging
16. 市场营销计划 - Marketing plan
17. 市场趋势 - Market trend
18. 市场营销传播 - Marketing communication
19. 渠道管理 - Channel management
20. 市场份额占有率 - Market share percentage
这只是一小部分常见的市场营销术语,如果您需要翻译其他术语或有其他疑问,请告诉我。
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市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表Marketin g M anagem e nt 营销管理Ne w P rod uct s Deve 1 op m ent 新产品开发Servi c e I ndust r y Mark e ting 服务业营销A dvert i s in g 广告B u s in ess Nego ti atio n商业谈判I nt er n atio nal M a r ke t i ng 国际市场营销S a 1 e s C h annels 销售渠道Pub lic Re 1 ations h ip 公共关系Co n sum er B ehavior 消费者行为S y stem s of Ma na g eme nt Infor m ati o n 管理信息系统Marke t i n g R ese a r ch营销调研ac ces sib ili t y 可进入性a c ce s so r y e quipment ma r kets 附属设备市场a c coun tma nag emen t policies 客户管理策略positi onin g定位marke t segme n tati o n 市场细分s ales promotion 销售促进a dv e r tisin g fe e dba c k 广告反馈a dvertisi n g freq u ency 广告频率a dv er t ising med ia 广告媒体 a dvertis i ng reach 广告接受人数ad ve rtisin g message 广告信息a d verti s i n g s o urce 广告信息来源agent m idd 1 em a n 代理商a ll o wance 折让alteratio n 退换Americ a n Mar k e t ing Asso ci atio n 美国营销协会annua1 mark et i ng p 1 an 年度营销计划assurance 保证att itu des of c o nsumers 消费者态度av a i 1a b i li t y 可获得性/供货能力awarenes s (产品)知晓度/ 知名度baby boo m e r s 婴儿潮出生得一代人b a c kwar d chan n els f or re c y cl i ng 回收得后向渠道ba c kward in tegration 后向垂直一体化banne r a d ver t isements 横幅标语广告bar c odes 条形码bart e r 实物交易b asic p h ysica 1 need s 基本生理需要BCG G row—Sh a re Ma trix 波士顿增长—份额矩阵before t e sts 事前测试Behavior S can I n form a t i on Resourc e s In c、行为扫描信息源公司behavio u ral a n a1ysi s 行为分析b e h avioura 1 hi e r a rchi es 行为层级b e nch m ark i ng 基准ben ef it c 1 uster s 利益群体b e nefits 利益Be n z 奔驰b il 1 ing 帐单b irth ra t e 出生率bl an ket p urc h ase or der 一揽子采购合同bli n d—p a ir e d p a r i so n te s ting 双盲比较测试b 1 u ec o l 1a r s 蓝领botto m 1 i n e 底线/盈亏一览结算线b r a nd a wa r ene ss 品牌意识/ 认知brand exte n sions 品牌扩展b r and 1o yalt y 品牌忠诚度brand mark 品牌标志brand name 品牌名称brand po si tioning 品牌定位b r and recogniti o n 品牌识别bra nd stra tegi es 品牌战略b ra nd 品牌br a nd i ng strategy 品牌化战略b randi ng 品牌化br an d's equi t y 品牌得价值break-even anal y sis 盈亏平衡分析b r e a k- e v e n vo 1u me 盈亏平衡产量breath o f pro d u c t ass or tment 产品线得宽度br ibery 贿赂British Air wa ys 英国航空公司b roke r s 经纪人b u dget ing预算bun d l e 捆绑B u r e au of Ce n su s 人口统计局bus i ness s tr eng th r a tin g 商业能力评分b u sines s pla n 商业计划bu s i n ess p o sition 经营地位business s ec t o r 商业部门business ser v ic e s m a r kets 商业服务市场b usin ess strategi es 经营战略b usine ss u n i t stra t e g y 经营单位战略bu y b ack allowances 回购折让b uyb ac k a r r angemen t s 产品返销bu yers' bar g a in ing pow e r 买方得讨价还价能力b u y e r s 采购者buy ing behav io r 购买行为bu y ing cen t er 采购中心buying i n ertia 购买惯性bu yi ng in t ention 购买意图buy i ng offices连锁商店得进货中心buyi n g s ituation 采购情况/类型b uyi n g t ask采购任务ca pit al ga in s 资本收益capita 1 inv e sted i n produc t 产品投入资本C ar n i va 1嘉年华c a s h cow s 现金牛类ca sh discounts 现金折扣c atalogue sa 1 e s 目录销售c a tegori za tion of percep t io n 感知分类catego r iz a tion 分门别类ce nt ralizatio n 集中化c ha m el e on s / f ol 1 owers 变色龙/ 跟随者channel al te rn a t i ves 可选择得营销渠道cha n nel co n flict s 渠道冲突chan n e1 de c isio n s 渠道决策ch an n el f unc tio ns 渠道功能ch a nnel inst it ut i ons 渠道组织结构chan n el ma na gemen t 渠道管理ch an n e l o bj e ctive s 渠道目标cha n ne1 ofd is tribu t ion 分销渠道c ha n ne l po wer 渠道权力c h an n el —c o ntr o l strate gi es 渠道控制战略ch a nn el-d e s i gn de cisio ns 渠道设计决策c ha nn e1 -m a nage m ent de c i sio n s 渠道管理决策ch a nn e1 s of munication 传播渠道cho i c e c ri t e ria 选择标准c losing a sale 结束销售clothing retai 1 ers 服装零售商c o- b r an ding 联合品牌co d e of e thi c s (职业)道德标准co e r cive p ow er 强制权cogniti v e d i ss o na n ce 认识得不协调collection of data 数据收集c ollecti o n 收款c o-m a rket i n g a l 1i ances 联合营销联盟b ina t io n pe nsa ti on p 1a n 结合式薪酬方案mit m e n t 承诺mun i cat io n c h annels 传播渠道m u n i c ation p r oce s s 传播过程munication 信息交流/ 沟通m u nications m e dia 传播媒体pany p erson n el 公司员工pa ra ti v e a d ve rt ise m e n ts 比较广告parison o f bran d s 品牌比较p ens at ion de als 补偿处理pe nsa ti o n plan 酬金方案pen s ation/r e ward s 酬金/奖励pens a t o ry 补偿性得p etiti o n-or ie nta te d p r ici ng 竞争导向定价法pet i ti v e advantage 竞争优势p e t i tiv e (s upply-s id e) e v o l u tion 竞争(供方)演变pe ti ti v e f actor s 竞争因素pe ti t i v e parity竞争均势促销预算法p e ti t iv e s trate g y 竞争战略p eti t ive str en gth 竞争优势/ 能力p e t i t o r a n aly s is 竞争者分析plain t han d1 ing 投诉处理pone n t m at e r i als an d pa rt s market s组成材料与零部件市场p u teri z ed or de ri ng 计算机化得订购c onc lusive rese a rch 确定性研究con d itions of d eman d 需求情况con forma n ce to specific at ions 与规格一致c onfo r man c e 一致性confro n tation stra te gy 对抗战略c onjoint mea s ur e men t 联合测度法conju n ctiv e model 联合模型c onsu mer decision-m a king 消费者(购买)决策cons u me r g oods c h annels 消费品分销渠道c onsume r good s 消费品co n su me r m a rke t s 消费品市场consu m er n eed s 消费者需求cons um er p a c kaged—go o ds firms 消费者包装食品公司r p ro mo ti o n 消费者促销消费者测试seh o ld权变计划契约建筑业契约制造业contracti o n/stteg y 收缩/战略性撤退战略c ontra ct ua1 e n tr y modes 契约式进入模式con t r a ctual ver t ical marketing sy s t e m s 合约式垂直营销系统c o n trib u tion m a rg i nanalysis 边际贡献(贡献毛利) 分析c on t ributi o n m a r gin 边际贡献c on t rol s t r ate gie s 控制战略con v eni e n ce fo o d sto re s 便利食品商店c o n ve nie nce goods 便利品c on ve nienc e服务得便利性co re benefi t propos i tio n(CB P) 核心利益方案/ 提议corollary -d a ta method 推定数据法corp or ate HQ 公司总部c o rrect i ve a ction矫正行动c os t analy s is 成本分析c os t e ff ectiven e ss 成本有效性c o st lead er s hip s t ra t egy 成本领先战略c o s t of ca p it a l 资本成本c ost o f good s s old (C OGS 产品销售成本p etitive i n tel 1 i g ence 竞争情报/信息promotion b udg e t in gc on su m ees t shconsumer tcon s u me r/市场ke t 消费者/ 家庭o us 消费者感知co n sumers'p ec o nsump tco nt estsion竞赛r c epti消费co ntinge n c yconstcon t rac tcontra c t manufap 1a nnir u ct i cturingr ateg i c withdr a wal s t rac os t r e du c tion s 降低成本产品c o s t—an d-vol u me r e lationship 成本-数量关系cost-orien t ed p ric i ng 成本导向定价法c o st -p lus/mark-up pri c ing 成本加成/ 溢价定价法c o sts and benef i t s of m arket in g f unct i ons 营销职能得成本与效益c osts of petitors 竞争者成本cos t s of di s tribu t io n 分销成本counter trade 对等贸易c o u r t e sy 礼貌cove r age o f g e og rap h ic market 地域性市场得范围co v erage of r el e vant re t aile rs 相关零售商得销售范围cre d ibility 信誉c red it ter m s 信贷条款criti c a 1 a ssumpt i ons 关键假设c ro ss—e last i ci t y 交叉弹性c u s toma r y pri c ing 习惯性定价法c ustom e r a n a1 y s is 顾客分析c u sto m er co n t a ct 顾客接触customer demand 顾客需求customer intim a cy 顾客亲密度 c u sto me r lo y alty 顾客忠诚度cu s tomer ne ed 顾客需要 c u stomer o rga n i z atio n of s a l es f orce 按客户组织销售队伍c ustom er r e tent i on 顾客维系/保留c u s tom e r sat is fac t ion 顾客满意度cu s tom er s egm ent pricing 顾客细分市场定价cus to mer s e rv i ce 顾客服务cu st ome r-o r iented pricing 顾客导向定价法c us t om er s'p e rception 顾客感知d ata confi d enti a li t y 数据保密d a t a resea rch 数据研究data s o urces 数据来源dea1 ers 经销商dece ptive adverti s em e nts 欺骗性广告d e cide rs 决策者declinin g m a rke t s 衰退市场decodin g 解码def e ct r a te 缺陷率defend e r stra t e gy 防御型战略defen s i v e new —product d evelopment s t rateg y 防御性新产品开发战略defe n sive po s itioning 防御性定位deliv e r y t ime 交付时间de1 ivery 配送d ema n d char a c te r is t i c s 需求特征d e m a nd cu rve 需求曲线d e mand-ori ent ed pri c ing 需求导向定价法d emo g ra ph ic e nv iro n m e nt 人口统计环境depar tme nt st or es 百货商店dependabil ity 可靠性der e gula t io n 放松管制d e scr i ptive research 描述性研究de s ign decisio n s 设计决策de s i re d perc entage m a rk -u p on re t ai 1 预期零售利润率d esi re d p e r ce ntage return 预期回报率det e rm i nan t a t tri b ut es 关键属性determinants 决定因素differ e n t respon s e s 差别反应differenti a t e d ma r ke ti ng 差异化营销diffe ren tiat i on over ti m e 不同时间得差异di ffere n tiati o n s t r at egy 差异化战略di fferenti a tion 差异化d if fus ion of innovat i o n theory 创新扩散理论d i me nsion 因素dimen sions of qu a lity 质量维度d i re c t cost i n g prof i t a bilit y a n alys i s直接成本盈利性分析d irect ma i 1直接邮寄di rect ma r ket i n g via ad ve r ti si ng me dia 通过广告媒体得直接营销direct market i n g 直接营销direc t prod u c t profitability ( D Pp 直接产品盈利性/ 利润率di r e c t s e II i ng 直销disco un t rate 贴现率d i sco un t st or es 折扣商店disc o unt 折扣d i scou n t/premi u m p rice p o l i c i es 折扣/ 溢价策略disc rim inant anaIysi s 差异分析法durab i1 it y 耐用性early v s late a d optio n 早期采购与后期采购ea r ni n gs pe r share 每股收益ec o n omic and tech n ologi c a1 fa c tor s经济技术因素eco n omic power 经济权eco nom i es of sc a1 e 规模经济educ a t i on s e rvice s 教育服务 e ff ec t i ve ness 有效性ef fi c ien cy 效率em er genc y go ods 急需品emoti ona l appeals 情感诉求em p athy 移情作用empi ri cal evi d en ce 经验性实例di s criminat o r y pricing价调整disj u n c tive modeI 分离模型d isp 1 ay s p ace 陈列空间disp os a b le ine 可支配收入diss o nance-a t tri bu tion hierar —归属层次结构distribution ch annel design s 分销渠道设计distr i bution cha n nel ob j e c tive s 分销渠道得目标e n d use 最终使用e nd or sem en t 赞同engi n ee r ing ( 产品) 工程设计l str a tegy 企业家战略进入战略p ac ka ging d is p osa 1环境因素di s t ribution ch a n nel 分销渠道d istr ibu tion decis i ons 分销决策d istribu ti on pol i cie s 分销策略distribution 分销distribu t or/stor e ( p riva te l a b e1 s) b ra n ds 分销商/私有品牌envi ronme n ta 1 scan ni n g 环境扫描/分析en v iron me nt a l strateg y 环境战略esta b li s hm e nt 机构e t h i cal a u dit e t hics of marketidistrib u tors 分销商d iversificat i on 多元化di v est 撤退d ive s t 出让d i vestme n t or li q uidation 收回投资或清算d ividend 红利domes t ic t a r g et m a rk e ting s t r ate gies国内目标市场定位得营销战略dr o ppin g p roducts 放弃产品du a1/t w o ch annel dis t ribut i o n s yste m s 双重分销系统ethnic p osition 种族构成Europea n munity 欧共体eval ua t i o n a n d reward 励体系eva1 uation a n d sele c tion of suppl i er 评估与选择供应商ev a luation of a lt ern ative s 评估替代品/ 各种选择evaluation o f br a n ds 品牌评估e v e n t spon s orship 事件赞助e ven t 活动e veryda y low —pr ice ( E DLP) 天天低价evoked set 引发得组合evol u t i on o f m arke t 市场演变exch a nge 交换ex c l us iv e d e ali ng 独家销售ex c l u si v e di stribut i on 独家分销e xe cu t ive summary 执行摘要ex h i b i ti on me d ia 展示广告媒体e x i sti n g m ar ke t 现有市场e xi t barr ie rs 退出壁垒discri m inato r y adjustm en t s 歧视价格调整empo werment 授权a djustments 歧视定encod i n g 编码c h y 不与谐e n t r e p r e n e uri a entrys tra tegies env i ron men tand 环境与包装处理environm en t factors(公司)伦理审计ng 营销伦理道德syst e ms 评估与奖e x p a nsion pa t h 扩张途径e xpecta t ion measure s (顾客) 预期测度e x pec t ati o ns of c usto m ers 顾客期望expec te d un i t sales 预计产量expecte d v alue 期望价值exp e ri e n c e cu rv e 经验曲线e xp e r i mental re searc h 实验性研究e xpert power 专长权e x plor at ory r e s ea rch 探索性研究ex port a g en t s 出口代理(商)e x port jo b ber s 出口批发商export m a n a gem e nt pan y 出口管理公司e xport merchan t s 出口贸易商expo rt 出口export i ng 出口商品e xt ended use s t rateg y 扩大使用战略e x tendi n g v o lume g rowth 扩大市场份额ext er na 1 data s ou r ce s 外部数据来源ex te rn a l envi ro nme n t 外部环境extra p ola t i o n of past sales tre n ds 过去销售趋势推测法fa c ilitati n g agenc i es 辅助/中介机构factor an a l y sis 因素分析法f ad s时尚family bran d i n g 家族品牌fa m il y l i f e cycl e 家庭生命周期family st r uct ur e 家庭结构farm pr o du cts 农产品fast—mov in g consumer go o ds (FMCG 快速变动得消费品f ear app e als 恐惧/ 顾虑诉求f eatu r es 特征Fe der a l D e pa r tm e nt S tores 联邦百货商店Federal Trad e Code (FT C) 联邦贸易法案FedEx ( F ed e ral E xpres s) 联邦快递f e ed b ack d a ta 反馈数据f i eld test marke t ing 实地市场测试finan ci ng 融资fisher ies 渔业fi t and fi n is h 结实度与外观fi x ed costs 固定成本fixed salary 固定工资f1a nker st r ategy 侧翼进攻战略f1 ank e r/figh ti n g b rand 战斗品牌f la n k i ng and enc i rcle me nt s t rate g ies 侧翼进攻与围堵战略f lat organiz a t i ona1 stru c tur e 扁平得组织结构F OB or igin pr i cing F O B 产地定价法f o c us strateg y 集中战略fol 1 owers 追随者Fo rd 福特公司foreig n mi dd le men 国外中间商f ores t ry 林业for mal i za t ion 形式/ 规范化f ormul a t e 制定f o r t r es s/posit i o n—defence strate gy防御堡垒战略Fo r tune 《财富》杂志forwa r d in t e g ration 向前一体化f ra nc h ise s yste m s 特许系统fr anc hi s i ng 特许经营free c al 1 num b ers 免费电话号码fre e go o ds 免费商品fr ei ght —a bsorp t ion p r ic ing 免收运费定价法f r i ng e be n e fits 小额津贴fron ta l attack s t r a tegy 正面进攻战略f u ll cos t ing pro f itab i lity a n al y sis 全成本盈利性分析f ul 1—serv i ce w h ol es aler s 全方位服务得批发商fun c ti o na1 pete nc i e s a nd r e sour ce a lloc a t i on 职能能力与资源分配functional eff i c ien c y 职能效率fun c tio na l organ iz ation of s ale s f orce 按销售职能组织销售队伍fun c tion a l organiza ti on a l st r ucture 职能型组织结构functional p e rfo r mance 功能性能fu ncti on al strat e gy 职能战略game s 比赛g ap差距g a t e k eepers 信息传递者gener al b e h a v ioral d e s c ri p to r s一般行为变量G enera 1 E lectric (G E) 通用电气General Foods C o rp o ratio n 通用食品gene r al mercha n di se disc o unt ch ai ns 大众商品折扣连锁店G e ne ra l M o tors 通用汽车geode m og r aphics 区域人口统计特征ge o gr a ph i c adjustment s 地理调整geo g ra p h i c distributi o n 地理分布g e o gr a p hi ca l org an iza t ion of salesforc e 按地区组织销售队伍Gi1 lette 吉列剔须刀g lobal adjustmen ts 全球调整global e 1ite c o n s um er segmen t 全球精英消费品市场global expa n sion 全球扩张gl o bal marketing control 全球营销控制g l o bal m ar kets 全球市场glo b al niche strategy 全球机会战略g1 ob a l st a n d ardization s trat e gy 全球标准化战略g lobal t eena ge segm e nt 全球青少年市场g1 obaliza t io n 全球化g lob a l -market exp a ns i on 全球市场扩张g oa1 s 总目标g oi ng—r ate/ pe titi v e parity p rici n g 竞争性平价定价法g o ods p r od uc ers 产品制造商Goodyear 固特异轮胎gover n men t a g enci e s 政府机构gov e rnment buyers 政府采购者government market 政府市场g overn m ent r e gulati o n 政府管制g r een house eff e ct 温室效应grey market 灰色市场gross do mest ic pr o duct (GD P) 国内生产总值gr o s s ma r gin 毛利gros s nationa 1 prod u c t (G NP )国民生产总值gro s s p rofit 毛利g r oss ra t i n g po i nts ( GR P s) 总级别指数gr o up/c a tegor y product m a nag er 类别产品经理g r o win g ma rk e t s 成长市场grow t h rate of mar ke t 市场增长率growth s tage o f p r o d u ct life c y c le 产品生命周期得成长阶段gr owt h — ex t ens ion strateg i es 增长扩张战略growth —ma rk e t s t r at eg i es fo r market leade r s 市场领导者得市场增长战略g ro w th —mar k et strat e gy成长性市场战略gr o wt h -ma r ket ta rg eting strategy 成长性市场定位战略gu a r a n tee/wa r ranty 保证/ 担保g ua r an t ees 保证G u cci 古琦(世界著名时装品牌)Haagen—Da zs 哈根达斯h a rd t ec hnol o g y 硬技术Harvard Business R e vi e w 《哈佛商业评论》ha r ve s t 收获ha r ves t ing pric i ng 收获定价法ha r ve s t ing str a tegy 收获战略hea1 th ca r e 医疗保健h e a lth maintenan c e o r g an izati ons ( HM D s)(美国) 卫生保健组织he a vy buy er 大客户Heileman B re w i ng p a nyHei n z 亨氏食品hel p f u lness 有益性He n kel 汉高H er t z 赫兹( 美国汽车租赁巨头)H e wlet t —P ack ard 惠普公司hierar ch y o f s tra t egy 战略得层次h igh ma r g in/l o w-t u rn o ver r et ai l ers 高利润/低周转率得零售商hi gh m a rke t share g lo b a l str a tegy 高市场份额全球战略h igh-contact service system 高接触服务系统high —involv e m e nt product 高参与产品high-i n volv emen t p u rc h as e 高参与购买high t m a r k et shar e 高市场份额战略Hil t on 希尔顿Holid ay I nn s 假日旅馆ho mo gene o us market 同质市场Hond a 本田h ou s ehold/famil y l i f e c y cl e 家庭生命周期hou s e ho ld 家庭h y b rid tech nolo gy 混合技术idea g e n er a tion 创意得产生/ 生成id ea s for n ew p r o ducts 新产品创意/构想i de a —s c re e nin g proce s s 创意筛选过程id en ti fi c atio n o f s egme nt s 识另膠田分市场Il l i n ois To ol W o rks伊利诺斯工具厂ima g e p r icin g 形象定价im i t a tiv e p o sitio n ing 模仿定位imit at ive str at e gy 模仿战略impact e v aluation 影响评估impe r sonal so u rces 非个人得信息来源i m p l emen t ation a n d contr o l of mar k et i ng prog r ams 营销计划得执行与控制imple me ntati o n 实施improvement s i n or re v isi on s o f e xis tin g prod uc ts 现有产品得改良或修正i mpulse b u y i ng 冲动购买impul se go o ds 冲动购买品i n ce n tives 激励ine 收入increased p e n et ration s t r ateg y 增加渗透战略indirect cost i ng prof i ta bi lity ana lys is 间接成本盈利性分析individu a l brand 个另品牌ind i vi d ual va l ue 个人价值indus t r ia l goods & se rv i ces 工业产品与服务ind u s tr ial g o o ds c hannels 工业品分销渠道i nd us t r y attra c tivenes s 行业吸引力i nd u st r y at tractiv en e s s-bus in e ss p os i t i o n m atrix 行业吸引力—业务地位矩阵ind u s t ry dy n ami cs 产业动态i n dustry eval u a t ion 产业评估industry evol u ti o n 产业演变ine l asti c 缺乏价格弹性influe n ce s 影响者info —m u ni ca tio n s in d ustr y 信息通信行业i nf om e r cials 商业信息广告i nfo rm ation a ge 信息时代in for mation se a rch 信息搜集inf or mat i on te chn o logy 信息技术information 信息informat i ve 告知性得in g re d ient 成份i n—h o m e p e rsona l i nterv i e w 个人家庭访谈in —house u s e tests 内部使用测试in n o v a t io n 创新innovati v en es s 创新性insta l l ati o n 设施i n—sto re d isp lay 店内展示in —st or e posi t ioning 店内布局i n -st o re pro m otion 店内促销in t a ngibles 无形i nt e grat e d marketing muni c at i on p l an (IM C)整合营销传播计划i nt egration o f pe r ception 感知整合in t egr a tion 整合I n t e l 因特尔in t ensity of mar k et positi o n 市场地位得集中程度i n t en s i t y 集中程度i ntens i v e d i strib ut ion 密集型分销int er actions ac ros s m u l t iple target m ar ket s多目标市场间得相互作用i n te re st rate s 利率i nte r n al dat a so u rces 内部数据来源i n t e r nal m a rke t in g 内部营销i nt e rnal o rga n izat i onal s tructu r e 内咅B 组织结构i n tern a ti on a l adve r t i s i ng 国际广告in t e rn ati on al c ha n n e Is 国际分销渠道inte r na t i o n al di v is i on i n ternati o n a l m a rke ting 国际营销in t e r nation a l o r ga ni z a tion al d esign 国际组织设计i n ternat io nalizat i on o f services 服务得国际化in t r od uctory sta g e o f p ro duct lifecycle 产品生命周期得推出阶段i nv e n tory le v el 库存水平i n ves to r rela t ions a d v er tising 投资关系广告iss ue ad ve r ti s ing 观点广告jobbers 批发商J o hn s on & Jo h nson 强生jo in t v e ntu r e s 合资jury of ex e cutiv e opin io n 行政管理人员群体意见法j us t no t ic e ab l e d ifference (JND)恰巧注意到得差异j us t -in-time (JIT) managemen t s ystem 准时制管理体系j u st-in —time p u r chasing a rr ange m ents 及ke y a c c o u n t mana ge m e nt 主要客户管理ke y ac c oun t s关键客户k ey b en e f it s 核心利益ke y env i ron men t a l iss u e identifica t io n 确定主要得环境问题k e y variab l es 关键变量key/h ou s e ac c ounts 关键/ 机构客户lab o ra t o r y te s t s 实验室测试l eapfro g str a tegy 蛙跳战略learning h ierar c hy 学习层级结构lega l serv i ces 法律服务legislat io n 立法legi t i m ate power 法定权l ev e l o f pen s at io n 酬金水平l evel o f te ch nica l sophist ic ation 技术得复杂程度L e vi Stra u ss 李维•史特劳斯Lev i's 列维斯(全球最大得牛仔服制造商)l e x ic o graphic mod e l词典编纂模型li f es t yle 生活方式l i mited -servic e w h olesalers 有限服务得批发商li n e e xt ensio n 产品线扩展l i ne filling 产品线填充lin e stre t ching 产品线延伸list pri ce 订价Loyd's of Lo n do n 伦敦劳埃德保险公司l o cali za tion s trategy 本地化战略locat io n pri c ing 场所定价locatio n 位置l o d g ing 房屋出租log i stic a l al lia n ces 后勤联盟l on g—term m em o ry 长期记忆lo s t cu s t omer 失去得顾客Lou is Vuitt o n 路易•威登(法国著名时尚品牌)lo w -co n t ac t serv ic e s ys t em 低接触服务系统l o w - c ost defen d e r 低成本防御型l o w-co s t po s iti o n 低成本地位lo w-in volvement hie ra rchy 低参与程度层级结构macro risk s 宏观风险macro-e nv ironment 宏观环境m a cro-s eg me n ta t io n 宏观细分ma il —o r de r ret ai lers 邮购零售商mai nta i ni n g m a rket s ha r e 保持市场份额m aintena n c e s tr a t egy 保持战略mana g e m ent o ver head 管理费m andato r y adapta t ion 强制性适应manufac t ure r b ran d 制造商/全国性品牌man u facturers ' age nt s /r ep r e sen tati v es 生产商得代理商/ 销售代表m an ufa ct ur e rs / expo rt age nt s ( MEA ) 制造商出口代理m a nufactur e rs 's a les offices/bra n ches 生产商得销售办事处/分支机构m a nu f acturi n g pro ce ss 制造过程m a n u f actur i ng 制造业m a rk et aggregat io n s t rategy 整体市场战略m ar ket a t tra c tiven e ss fa ctors 市场吸引力因素m arke t att rac tivene s s 市场吸引力mark et at t r a c t i v en e s s /b u siness p os i tion m a trix 市场吸引力/ 业务地位矩阵mark e t circ u ms t ances 市场环境mark e t demogr a p hi cs市场人口分布/统计特征ma r ket dimensi o n 市场量度i n t eractive media 交互式媒体国际分部ma rk e t entry s t rategies 市场进入战略mark e t exclus i on 市场排斥m arket e x pan s ion st r ate g y 市场扩张战略m a rket factors 市场因素mar k et follo we rs市场跟随者m ark e t gr o wth rate 市场增长率m a r ke t hierarchy 市场等级marke t i n clus i on 市场纳入ma rk e t leaders 市场领导者m a r ket m ea s urem e nt 市场测量ma rk et o p portuni t y analy si s 市场机会分析ma rke t or i e nt ed 以市场为导向得market pos i ti o n fa c t o rs 市场地位因素mar ke t po s it io ni ng ana ly sis 市场定位分析marke t p otential m eas u r em ents 市场潜力测度m a rket resea rch 市场研究m a rket segme n t 细分市场ma r k e t s egm en tati o n 市场细分mark e t sh a r e 市场份额m ar ket t a r geting 目标市场选择market 市场ma rket a bi l ity 市场开拓能力mark et -entry s tr at e g ie s 市场进入战略m ark eting ac t ion p l an 营销行动计划m arketi n g audit 营销审计m a rk e ting c h an n el 营销渠道m a rk e ti n g cod es of c o n d uct 营销行为规范mar k et i ng m u nicati o n 营销沟通/ 传播m ar k eting con cep t 营销观念mark e ting c on t r ol营销控制marketing deci si on s u pport s y ste m s( MDS)S 营销决策支持系统ma r k e ting e nv ir o n m ent a ud it 营销环境审计m a rk e ti ng fl o ws and f u nct i ons 营销过程与职能ma r keting functi o n a r ea a u dit 营销功能领域得审计ma r keti n g implications of 对营销得影响marke t ing in f o r ma t ion sy ste m 营销信息系统m a r ket i ng i n s t ituti o ns 营销机构mar ke ting m a nagement 营销管理ma rketing me s s a g e 营销信息marketi n g m ix 营销组合m ark e tin g p olic y 营销策略marketing pro du cti v i t y ar e a au d it 营销生产力领域得审计ma r ketin g progr a m ponent s 营销计划内容mark e ti ng prog r a m 营销计划/方案m arketin g r e la t i o nsh i p 营销关系ma rketi ng r es e ar ch 营销研究market in g str a te gy 营销战略m ar ket —ma nageme n t or ga ni zational stru c tu r e 市场管理组织结构mar k-u p pri ce 产品/溢价价格Marl bo ro万宝路M a r r io t t Ho t el 万豪酒店mass—market penetra t ion st ra tegy 大规模市场渗透战略mass-market st r a t e g y大市场战略m atri x o r g anizat io nal s truc t ure 矩阵组织结构Mi t subi s hi 日本松下电子mat u re c on f ormis t s 成熟得随大流者ma ture mar k e t s 成熟市场matur e st a ge of p r o d uct l i fe c yc l e 产品生命周期得成熟阶段Me D on al d' s 麦当劳Mc D o n nel 1 D ouglas 麦道公司MCI电讯公司(前世界通信公司)MDS S ( Mar keti n g-D e cisio n Suppor t Sy s tem) 市场决策支持系统me as u rabilit y 可测度性me a s u re or index 测量指标m e as ur e m ent criter i a 计量标准me d i a au d ien ces 媒体受众m e d i c al a nd heal t h ser vi ces 医疗卫生服务Med i c o Cont a inment Se r v i c esme m or y o f co ns um er s 消费者记忆Merce d es—B e n z梅赛德斯一奔驰Mer c er Man age me nt Co n sult i n g 美国美智管理顾问公司merch a n di sin g 推销me r chant m idd leme n 国内贸易中间商merchant whole s alers 商业批发商me ss age s t ructu r e 信息结构Mi c h a e1 Po r te r 迈克尔—波特m i cro r isks 微观风险micro s egmentati on 微观细分Mi lle r T ydin g A C T, U SA 米勒•泰丁法案m in g i n g 矿业Mi nn es o t a M ini n g an d Manufac t u r in gpany ( 3M) 明尼苏达矿业与制造公司Min o lta 美能达mis c e11a neous s ourc es 多方面来源mission 宗旨mi ss i ona r y se lling 推销式销售Mitsu b ishi He a v y Indus t rie s 三菱重工modi fied rebu y 调整再购m o n o s eg m en t po si t ioning 单一细分市场定位Mo nsant o 孟山都农业生物技术公司moral a p pea1s 伦理/ 道德诉求morals 道德Motoro 1 a 摩托罗拉mu1 tic ha nne 1 distribu t i on 多渠道分销m u1 t i di m ens io nal scali n g 多维等级法m u ltil e v e1 selling 多级销售multinati o nal c o rp orat i o ns (MNCs) 跨国公司m ul t ip 1 e test markets 多测试市场m u ltiple —b ran d str a tegy 多品牌战略mu lt i p1e—fac t or index 多因素指数法m u1 tise g men t po si t ioni n g 多重细分市场定位mutual tr u st 相互信任n a t io n al acco u nt ma na g ement 全国性客户管理n a tional ma rk et 国内市场Nat i ona1 S e mic o nd u ctor 美国国家半导体公司natural p roducts 天然产品NEC 日本电子Nescaf e雀巢咖啡Nest 1e雀巢n et sale s 净销售额netw or k p ut e r (NC) 网络计算机n ew b usi n e s s sel 1 i ng 新业务销售new buy 购入新产品ne w e n trants 新进入者new markets 新市场new mater i als 新材料Ne w P r o d screen in g mode 1 新普罗德筛选模型new prod u ct l i nes 新产品线new pr o du c ts 新产品n ew-p r o d u ct d e ve lopm e nt 新产品开发n e w-pro d u c t i dea s 新产品创意New swe e k《新闻周刊》n ew-ta s k bu y ing 全新采购n ew-to -th e—w o rld pro市场渗透战略ni che—marke t strategy 壁龛市场战略d ucts 世界性新产品ni ch e p e ne tr at ion strategy 壁龛/ 机会Ni k e耐克Niss a n 尼桑obj e ct — a nd- tas k method o f p rom o tio n bu d g eti ng 目标—任务促销预算法o b jectives and strategy area a ud i t 目标与战略领域得审计ob jectives 具体目标observat io n 观察法o c cupancy c os t s 房屋占用成本occupatio n /p o siti o n 职业/ 职位odd p r ic i n g 奇/ 余数定价法OEM ( o r i gina 1 e q u ip m ent manufact u rer ) 原始设备制造商o verall qua 1 it y 总体质量off —invoi ce di s count s 发票之外得折扣of f se ts 抵消交易O m eg a 欧米加o n—a ir te s tin g 广播测试OPES (Organi z a ti o n Export in g C o un tries 组织)op p o r tun i ty cost 机会成本oppo r t u ni ty identifica t ion机会识别o p portunity/ t h reat matrix 机会/ 威胁矩阵order c ycle t ime 订货周期or d er proces s ing 订单处理o rg a nizatio n a1 level 组织层次o r g ani z at io nal requi re ment pla n n i ng 组织需求计划o r g an i za ti o n a re a audit 组织领域得审计o rganizatio n b uyin g center 组织采购中心or g aniz atio nal c ustom e r 组织顾客organiza ti onal d ir e ct s e1 ling 组织直销organizational m a r kets 组织市场organizat i on a l pu r c h as i ng 组织采购o rga ni zationa 1 st r ucture 组织结构out d oor ent hu s i asts 户外运动爱好者out —o f—home me d i a 户外广告媒体ove r all cost lead e r sh ip 全面成本领先ov e rhead s 日常开支ov e rs e as di r e c t i n ve st m e nt 海外直接投资o wnership o f new pr oduct 新产品所有权pac k agin g 包装panel of exper t s 专家小组parenta ge 渊源pa r ti e s inv o l v ed交换中得各方p ayme n t t erms 支付条款p ay—o f f control 支出控制p e netration pri c ing 渗透定价Pep s i-Cola 百事可乐perc e ive d cu stomer va1u e 顾客感知价值pe r ceive d q ua lity 感知到得质量p e r ce i v ed valu e 感知到得价值perc e ntage of s a le s promot i o n bud ge ti n g m e thod 销售额百分比促销预算法p e rcep t ions o f con sum er s 消费者感知/ 理解per c ep t ual ( product) po si t io ni ng 感知 (产品) 定位perc e p t u a1 ma p 感知图pe r ceptual o r ga n ization 感知组织p ercep t ual vig i lanc e 感性得警惕perform a nce d i m en s ion 业绩标准p e rfor m ance evaluat io n 业绩评估p e rfo rm ance me as ures 表现/ 业绩测度pe r formance o b jective 绩效目标perfor ma nce sta n dards 绩效标准pe r f o rm a n c e 功能p e r i sh a b il i ty 非持久性p e r sonal se 1 ling 人员推销per s onal sourc e s 个人得信息来源personn e l develop ment 人力资源开发pers u asive 说服性得ph a r mace u tic a ls industry 医药行业p h ys i c al ( p rod u ct ) p o s i tio n ing 物理 (产品) 定位p h y s ical de s c riptors 物理变量p hys i c a l dis tr ibut io n 实物分销P i1 lsbur y 皮尔斯博瑞pione ers 先入者Pi zza Hut必胜客p lace utilit y 地点效用plann i ng and contr o l sy s tem area aud i t 计划与控制系统领域得审计po int of s a1 e i nf or mation 销售点信息poi nt —o f -pur h ca se ( P O P) p romo ti on 采购点促销p oint- of -s a les ( P O S) data 销售点数据no- b r an d b r a n d name 无品牌得品牌名称no—fril Is o du ct无虚饰产品noise in municat音o n s ys t em传播系统中得噪non-f i nancia rewards 非物质性奖励措施no n—probabil ty sam p l i ng 非概率抽样non-p r o fi t o rga n ization 非盈利组织non —store r e tailin g无店铺零售业number o f s t o ck-ou t s 迟滞数目of Petro 1e um) 欧佩克(石油输出国o p ening relationshi p s 建立关系op er a t ing s upplies 生产供应品oper a tion a1 e x cellen c e 运作管理水平opi ni o n lea d er s 意见领导者。